Haiti before the earthquake

http://ec.europa.eu/echo

N o r d - O u e s t

A r t i b o n i t e

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G r a n d ' A n s e

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REPUBLICN i p p e s

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Port-au-Prince

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BackgroundHaiti became the world's first black-led republic and the first independent Caribbean state when it obtained its independence from France in 1804. However, decades of poverty, environ-mental degradation, violence, instability and dictatorship have left the country as the poorest nation in the Americas.

A mostly mountainous country with a tropical climate, Haiti's location, history and culture once made it a potential tourist hot spot, but instability and violence, especially since the 1980s, have severely dented that prospect.

From the mid 2000s, the international community, following years of political crisis, reestablis-hed its cooperation. Soon after, the United Nations established the MINUSTAH, the UN peace-keeping operation, with a mandate to support security, stability, governance and promote democratic elections. Haiti is considered as a fragile state and the 2010 earthquake further weakened the Haitian institutions, increasing risks of social unrest.

Vulnerability to natural hazardsClimate change, deforestation, topography, poverty and lack of public structures make Haiti especially vulnerable to natural hazards (tropical cyclones, flooding, and mudslides). From 2001 to 2007, tropical cyclones and floods left more than 18,000 dead and 132,000 persons homeless and approximately 6.4 million people were affected (the total population of Haiti is 10 million). During the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season alone Haiti was devastated by Tropical Storm Fay, and Hurricanes Gustav, Hanna and Ike, all of which hit the country within a month. Eight out of ten departments were severely affected and approximately 800,000 people required assistance. Additionally, thousands of dwellings, livelihood assets such crops and livestock and infrastruc-ture were badly damaged.

It is estimated that 2-3 million Haitians were already food-insecure before the 2010 earthquake, with 22% of the population suffering from chronic malnutrition, and 9.1% from acute malnutri-tion.

QUAKE FIGURES(1)

GLOBAL

(1) Source: Government of Haiti

A strong 7.0-magnitude earthquake struck the Haitian capital of Port au Prince on 12 Jan 2010. The event has been considered Haiti's worst quake in the last two centuries.

� 222,750 dead� Affected population (estimation): 3 million� Displaced people in settlements up to 1.7 million� 60% of hospitals destroyed� Around 5,000 schools destroyed (23% of the total of Haiti)

� 105,000 houses destroyed and 208,000 houses damaged� Total impact cost around USD 7.8 Billion = Haiti’s 2009 GDP

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HUMANITARIAN AID

� Amount: EUR 120 million (€3 million immediate assistance + €19 million emergency assistance + €8 million refocused from pre-earthquake funding + €90 million follow up assistance). €12 million were refocused to attend cholera epidemic. Contracts and projects are ongoing. All achievement figures presented are final or foreseen figures at the end of activities.

� Beneficiaries: 4 million people.

� Sectors of intervention: Shelter, Camp Management, Non Food Items, Water, Sanitation and Hygiene, Health & Orthopedics, Nutrition, Food Assistance, Coordination and Logistics/Telecommunications, Protection, Disaster Risk Reduction.

CIVIL PROTECTION

� 25 European countries involved in the relief effort and channelling assistance throuh the EU Civil Protection Mechanism (MIC). � 3 EU Civil Protection Teams were deployed on site to coordinate European assistance, carry out needs assessments and support the international relief effort in close cooperation with the UN.

� The Civil Protection assistance included 12 urban search and rescue teams, 7 assessment teams, 38 medical teams and supplies, 2 field hospitals, shelter, 6 water sanitation units, 2,334 tents for approximately 20,000 persons and 1 Base-camp with a capacity of 300 people.

� In addition to coordinating Member States' assistance, the EC directly deployed a water purification unit and 5 advanced medical posts with surgery.

� EU co-financing for transport of assistance requested or approved so far reaches a total amount of EUR 4.5 million.

at a glance

EMERGENCYRESPONSE

COMMISSION’S

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directly s with

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Commission’s emergency response

Health

13.8 M€ for about 3 million people

�Provision of primary health care services (preventive and curative) in the directly affected areas through:�� Emergency response units (basic health care unit and operating unit).�� 18 Mobile clinics (e.g. with one parter : 1,705 consultations/day in 12 mobile clinics).�� Rehabilitation of 9 existing health facilities.�� Support to orthopedics, prosthetics and physiotherapy programmes.�� Psychosocial support to almost 60,000 people and “baby tents”.�� Provision of primary health care to more than 2 million people.�Provision of essential medicines and medical supplies to national authorities and humanitarian actors.�Support to Health Cluster coordination.�Training and hiring of medical personnel.�Protection: identification of cases of sexual violence and referral of victims to the reference hospital for treatment.

�Coordination: � Support to general humanitarian coordination including data collection, needs assessment, coordination of response and mapping. � Security coordination and training.�Logistics: � Provision of joint logistical services for all humanitarian actors: air, sea and land transport and warehouse facilities. � Provision and establishment of telecommunications for humanitarian actors. � Import facilitation. � Facilitation of communication between humanitarian actors and military actors. � Provision of free telecommunication services for affected population.

Coordination & logistic

6.1 M€ for 350,000 people, the humanitarian community and the Government bodies

� Food Assistance: distribution of more than 67,000 tons of food �� Provision of Ready to Eat Meals (January 2010).�� Contribution to the global response targeting 4.5 million monthly food rations (February and March 2010).�� Food and/or Cash For Work activities (April 2010 onwards). � Unprecedented cash for work program oriented to rubble removal, risk reduction and protection of livelihoods at national level and with community focus. � Support agricultural recovery (seeds and tools). � Reconstitution of livelihoods assets in affected areas (urban and rural). � Protection: food aid is delivered to women; inclusion of women heads of household, elderly etc in cash for work schemes.� Nutrition:�� Treatment and prevention of acute malnutrition in settlements (Ready to Use Therapeutic Food).�� Blanket supplementary feeding for under-5.�� Vouchers for access to fresh food available in markets.�� Breast feeding promotion. � Nutritional program for children under-5, pregnant women and breast feeding mothers.

Food

30 M€ for more than 4 million people

Shelter

34.3 M€ for about 1.5 million people

�Emergency Shelter: �� Distribution of tents, plastic sheeting and building materials. �� Distribution of Non Food Relief Items: jerry cans, blankets, kitchen sets, mosquito nets, etc.� �Camp Management and Protection:�� Site identification, site planning and reorganization taking in conside- ration the proximity of a legal authority to refer to in case of violence. �� Coordination and data collection in camps and sites (including security.

�Temporary Shelter and/or definitive housing solutions through: � Social mobilization to promote return to non-affected houses. � Retrofitting to repair slightly damaged houses. � Intallation of temporary shelters on original plots, after having solved legal issues, ownership, renting agreements, rubble removal; to be done in an integrated neighbourhood approach with provision of basic and community services (water, sanitation, livelihood). � Provision of Transitional Shelter for new organized settlements.

� Reduction of vulnerability through:�� Community based disaster awareness and preparedness.�� Hurricane preparedness.�� Mitigation works in camps.�� Advocacy for building back better. � Capacity building and reinforcement of the Haitian Red Cross and the Haitian Civil Protection System. � Advocacy for including risk reduction into the humanitarian, rehabilitation and reconstruction phases. � Protection: consideration of special vulnerabilities in case of disasters.

DDiissaasstteer Risk Reduction

3.8 M€ for more than 200,000 people

20 M€ for about 3 million people

Water, sanitation & hygiene� Water �� Trucking of more than 2,000,000 litres potable water per day during the first months.�� Chlorination of water.�� Distribution of buckets.�� Support to the coordination of the distribution.�� Support to the coordination of alternative solutions to water trucking: 18 water network repairs, boreholes, connections, tank/bladders rehabilitation/construction.�� Rehabilitation of springs, water sources, catchment systems�� Provision of water and sanitation in rehabilitated schools.

�Sanitation & Hygiene:�� Provision of desludging trucks.�� Distribution of about 50,000 hygiene kits for 250,000 people. �� Hygiene promotion and training of promoters.�� Support to the provision of desludging services in collaboration �� with other humanitarian actors and national authorities.�� Clean-up campaigns in settlements.�� Provision of hygiene promotion.�� Protection: provision of separated latrines with lock and light to ensure a better security for women in camps ; inclusion of women in water management committees.

WBy sector of intervention

108 million €120 million €����������� ��

cholera epidemic�������������

12 million € =

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2010 cholera epidemicCommission’s emergency response

Nine months after the earthquake of January 12, 2010 destroyed Port au Prince, a cholera epidemic fell on the Caribbean island killing at least 4,758 people and causing over 268,444 cases.

HUMANITARIAN AID� Amount: 22 million € (€12 million refocused from earthquake funding + €10 million follow up decision).

For the first €12 millions envelop� Beneficiaries: almost 2,000,000 Contracts are signed for the €12 million. Contracts and projects are ongoing. All achievement figures presented are final or foreseen figures at the end of activities.

� Sectors of intervention: Water, Sanitation and Hygiene, Health & medicines, Logistics and epidemiological surveillance.

�Actions funded : � Access to safe drinking water for 658.771 people. - Water trucking. - tankers and water bladders. - distribution of water treatment kits and aquatabs (for almost 300,000 people).

� Access to cholera treatment for 158,814 people. - distribution of cholera kits for 50,000 people. - support of 26 health facilities. - distribution of drugs/medicines, hygiene kits, emergency health kits for 21 hospitals. - distribution of soap to 635,500 people and oral rehydration serum to 122,500. - set up/support to 42 treatment Units (UTC). - set up/support to 3 treatment Centers (CTC). � Habitat disinfection for 386,000 people. � Access to improved sanitation facilities for 894,511 people. - rehabilitation of 14 sanitation systems. - construction/rehabilitation of 710 latrines (1 for 100 people). - desludge and disinfection of latrines. - rehabilitation/construction of 955 showers or hand washing basin (1 for 100 people). � Hygiene promotion for 1,132,400 people. � Distribution of hygiene kits for 1,344,000 people. � Waste management for 192,500 people.

CIVIL PROTECTION

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CIVIL PR CTIONROTEC� EU civil protection (EUCP) team deployed on 24/11/2010. � Monitoring water and sanitation in coordination with Haitian authorities. � Austria, Belgium, France and Italy have sent assistance through the MIC.

Cholera epidemic

(1) Source: Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population (MSPP). Rapport de Cas - 24 March 2011.

� 4,758 dead� 143,357 hospital admissions � 268,444 cases in the country

GLOBAL CHOLERA FIGURES (1)

Caribbean Sea

Golfe de la Gonave

Canal Saint-Marc

Canal de Sud

Canal de la Tortue

Centre

L’Artibonite

Sud-Est

OuestGrand’ AnseNippes

Sud

Nord-Ouest

Nord-Ouest

NordNord-Est

Ouest

ACFCAREUNOPSCOOPIAMITDHSMDMFrench RCSpa RCGOALSolidarites Inter.

German RCMDM - F

MDM - B

ACFCAREGAA

MERLINGAA

SCFGAA

ACF

ACFSpa RCCAMCONCERNACTEDCAREOXFAM

TDH

COMMISSION’S emergency

responsePartners with national coverage: WFP, PROMESS, PAHO, DELEU.

ECHO partner location