HACI BEKTAŞ VELİ SECONDARY SCHOOL 2012-2014 COMENIUS PROJECT

FLORA AND FAUNA OF TURKEY

FLORA AND FAUNA OF TURKIYE

Ada çayı (Salvia),

Salvia is the largest genus of plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae, with approximately 700–900 species of shrubs, herbaceous perennials, and annuals.[2][3] It is one of several genera commonly referred to as sage.The genus is distributed throughout the Old World and the Americas, with three distinct regions of diversity: Central and South America (approx. 500 species); Central Asia and Mediterranean (250 species); Eastern Asia (90 species).

Göknar ya da köknar (Abies),

(Abies) is a genus of 48–55 species of evergreen coniferous tree in the family Pinaceae. It is found through much of North and Central America, Europe, Asia, and North Africa, occurring in mountains over most of the range. Firs are most closely related to the genus Cedrus (cedar); Douglas firs are not true firs, being of the genus Pseudotsuga.All native species reach heights of 10–80 m (30–260 ft) tall and trunk diameters of 0.5–4 m (2–12 ft) when mature. Firs can be distinguished from other members of the pine family by unique way of attachment of their needle-like leaves and by their different cones.

Anadolu sığla ağacı (Liquidambar orientalis),

Liquidambar orientalis, commonly known as oriental sweetgum or Turkish sweetgum,[1] is a deciduous tree in the genus Liquidambar, native to the eastern Mediterranean region, that occurs as pure stands mainly in the flood plains of southwestern Turkey and on the Greek island of Rhodes. The forests of this Tertiary relict endemic taxon are found notably within a specially protected area between Dalyan and Köyceğiz in Muğla Province, where a 286 hectares zone is set aside as a nature reserve and arboretum for the preservation of the species. A large stand also surrounds Marmaris. These two areas are the better known oriental sweetgum forests

Galanthus nivalis,snowdrop(kardelen)

Galanthus nivalis is the best-known and most widespread representative of the genus Galanthus. It is native to a large area of Europe, stretching from the Pyrenees in the west, through France and Germany to Poland in the north, Italy, Bulgaria, Northern Greece, Ukraine, and European Turkey. Galanthus (Snowdrop; Greek gála "milk", ánthos "flower") is a small genus of about 20 species of bulbous herbaceous plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae.[1] Most flower in winter, before the vernal equinox (20 or 21 March in the Northern Hemisphere), but certain species flower in early spring and late autumn.

Taraxacum officinale,

Taraxacum officinale, the common dandelion (often simply called "dandelion"), is a flowering herbaceous perennial plant of the family Asteraceae (Compositae). It can be found growing in temperate regions of the world, in lawns, on roadsides, on disturbed banks and shores of water ways, and other areas with moist soils. T. officinale is considered a weed, especially in lawns and along roadsides, but it is sometimes used as a medical herb and in food preparation

Campanula ekimiana – Kızılcahamam çançiçeği – Kızılcahamam çıngırakotu (Campanulaceae –

Çançiçegiller)

In Turkıye there are 112 species of it.It is in the list of endangered flowers.we can see it in july.

Centaurea tchihatcheffii – Yanardöner – Sevgi çiçeği(Asteraceae – Papatyagiller)

It is only one year plant.It is found in Ankara and Afyon.It is planted in the fields on may and june.

Astragalus beypazaricus – Beypazarı geveni(Fabaceae – Baklagiller)

It is a Critically endangered plant which is discovered by the german and turkish researchers.Its populatıon is weak and grown at the 600 m high.It takes its name from the city that it growns

Crocus asumaniae – Asuman çiğdemi(Iridaceae – İrisgiller)

It’s grown in 900-1250 m high on the quercus forests.We can see it on october and december.It’s found in Antalya in the mediterrenean part of Turkey.This beautiful crocus takes its name from the botanist Prof.Dr.Asuman Baytop

Cyclamen trochopteranthum - Siklamen(Primulaceae – Çuhaçiçeğigiller)

Cyclamen ,which is widely found in Balear islands in the west,İran in the east,the Alps and karpat mountains in the North,Tunus in the South ,is represented with 21 different species.From them 10 species are found in Turkiye and 6 species are endemic.For this reason Turkiye is accepted as the gen center of cyclamens.

Verbascum lydium ssp lydium(Scrophulariaceae – Sıracaotugiller)

ItIt’’s a two year old s a two year old plant and it grows in plant and it grows in 0-1400 m.high in 0-1400 m.high in pinus forest ,nearby pinus forest ,nearby the roads.the roads.Anatolia is a gen pool Anatolia is a gen pool fort his plant.fort his plant.We can see it on may We can see it on may and june in and june in Bursa,İzmir and Bursa,İzmir and MuğlaMuğla

Achillea ketenoglui – Ankara civanperçemi(Asteraceae – Papatyagiller)

It is a Critically endangered plant.According to the mithology,Akhilleus used this plant fort he first time in the Troya wars to stop bleeding of the soldiers.This species is the one of the 43 plants that grown in Turkey.It is found in the 1400-1800 m. high nearby rivers,mountains in İzmir and Konya.

Aethionema turcicum – Türk kayagülü(Brassicacea – Turpgiller)

This plant is Critically endangered and generally found in Ankara ,the capital city of Turkey.We can see it on may ,june in the 840 -1200 m.high.This plant has 41 species in Turkey.

Fritillaria carica – Karya ters lalesi, Ağlayan gelin(Lilaceae – Zambakgiller)

F.Carica is found in 200-1500 m.high in rocky places,Pinus forest and Pinus F.Carica is found in 200-1500 m.high in rocky places,Pinus forest and Pinus nigra forest in march and may in İzmir,Muğla and Antalya.nigra forest in march and may in İzmir,Muğla and Antalya.It’s also called as a crying bride as water is collected at nights on it and in the It’s also called as a crying bride as water is collected at nights on it and in the morning water drops to the ground.So it looks like a crying lady.morning water drops to the ground.So it looks like a crying lady.

Sedum lydium(Crassulaceae – Damkoruğugiller)

This plant is found in 1200 m.high on the wet parts of the mountains in june and july.It spreads in the west ,South west and middle Anatolia of Turkiye.

Jasione supina ssp tmolea(Campanulaceae – Çançiçegiller)

It is only found in active rocky parts of the mountains in İzmir in the Aegean Region of Turkey in 2000-2100 m.high in july and august

Muscari azureum - Keşişbaşı(Lilaceae – Zambakgiller)

It is found in 1500-2600 m.high in rocky parts of the mountains ,near the alpin lakes in Adana,Amasya,Erzincan,İçel,Niğde in march and april.

Muscari muscarimi – Misksümbülü, Müşkülüm, Misk soğanı, Dağ misgisi, Dedegülü

(Lilaceae – Zambakgiller)

It is found in 800-1920 m.high on the steps in Antalya and Denizli in may and june.It is collected and used for the cosmetics sector due to its beautiful smell.

Hyacinthella glabrescens(Lilaceae – Zambakgiller)

This plant is found in 600-1300 m.high dry lands which is under the pinus and melting snows on march and april in Adana,İçel and Niğde.

Bellevalia rixii - Mor sümbül(Lilaceae – Zambakgiller)

It is discovered in Çuh by Rix in 1972.It is only found in 2800-3000m. high in may in Van province ,the eastern part of Turkey

Stachys tmolea(Lamiaceae – Ballıbabagiller)

Itis found 200-1900 m.high on active rockies,and stony shores of the seas in may and august in west, North west and middle Anatolia

Sideritis akmanii(Lamiaceae – Ballıbabagiller)

It is found in 1520-1550 m .high in july and august in Afyon and İzmir, the western parts of Turkıye.Its populatıon is under the risk of endangered due to collecting herbal tea

Salvia cryptantha – Kara ot, Anadolu halısı(Lamiaceae – Ballıbabagiller

Salvias are plants that has value both economically and medically as well.It is generally used for making herbal tea.In the world there are 700-900 species and ın Turkey there are 92 species and half of them are endemic.S.cryptantha is grown 700-2500 m.high on dry steppes,fields,and nearby the roads on may,july in the central Anatolia

Paronychia anatolica ssp balansae(Illecebraceae)

It is only found on rocky parts of the mountains in İzmir in may and july.

Lathyrus undulatus – İstanbul Nazendesi(Fabaceae – Baklagiller)

It is found in 0-900 m.high nearby the roads and forests in april and in june in the North west part of Anatolia.Rich populations can be found in the Asia part of İstanbul

Euphorbia anacampseros var tmolea Euphorbiaceae – Sütleğengiller)

It is only found1200 m.high rocky parts of the mountains and frigana in june in İzmir

Minuartia saxifraga ssp tmolea(Caryophllaceae – Karanfilgiller)

It is found in 1900-2150 m.high stoney lands in june- august in İzmir

FAUNA OF TURKEY

TURKISH VAN CAT , VAN KEDİSİ The Van cat is a distinctive landrace of domestic cat, found mainly in the Lake Van region of eastern Turkey. It is large, all-white, and frequently odd eyed.[1][2] The naturally occurring Van cat type is popularly believed[weasel words] to be basis of the Turkish Van breed, internationally selectively bred with a more recently developed ruddy colouring pattern on the white, as standardised and recognised by many cat fancier organisations. However, one of the breeds' founders has stated that none of the original cats used to found the formal breed came from the Lake Van area, but other parts of Turkey.[3][4]:114 The capitalised and run-together term "Turkish Vankedisi" is confusingly used by some organisations as a name for all-white specimens of the formal Turkish Van breed.[5]

• THE KANGAL DOG THE KANGAL DOG is a breed of livestock guardian dog, originating from the Kangal district in Sivas Province, Turkey. It is of an early mastiff type with a solid, pale tan or sabled coat, and with a black mask. According to the official Kangal organisations in Turkey - Cynology Federation Of Turkey (KIF) and Ankara Kangal Derneği (ANKADER) Kangals in Turkey may also be brindle[1] or recessive black tan pattern;[2] with or without a black mask; and/or with white markings.[3]

• While the Kangal is often referred to as a sheep dog, it is not a herding dog, but rather a flock guardian that lives with the flock of sheep to actively fend off wolves, bears and jackals. The Sivas Kangal Dog's protectiveness, loyalty and gentleness with small children and animals has led to its growing popularity as a guardian for families as well, as it regards people as its "flock" and guards them with extreme devotion

The Anatolian leopard (Panthera pardus tulliana),

• The Anatolian leopard (Panthera pardus tulliana), also called the Asia Minor leopard, is a leopard subspecies native to southwestern Turkey. Its continued existence is uncertain .The Anatolian leopard was first described on the basis of a single specimen in the extreme west of Asia Minor, near Izmir in Turkey.[2] In eastern Turkey, their range converges with the range of Caucasian leopards.[3] Anatolian leopards once prowled the forest and hill habitats of the Aegean, Mediterranean, and eastern Anatolian regions. During surveys carried out between 1993 and 2002, zoologists found evidence of leopards in the upper forest and alpine zones of the eastern Pontic Mountains, where human population is low. In this area their prey consists of wild ungulates including deer, chamois, wild goats, wild boar, mountain hare and Caucasian grouse.[4]

Bombus;tüylü arı

Bumblebees are social insects that are characterised by black and yellow body hairs, often in bands. However, some species have orange or red on their bodies, or may be entirely black.[2] Another obvious (but not unique) characteristic is the soft nature of the hair (long, branched setae), called pile, that covers their entire body, making them appear and feel fuzzy.

Kara akbaba (Aegypius monachus),• There are only 100 aegypius monachus in Turkey.They terminate dead

animls in the nature so they help to prevent spreading illnesses.

Alageyik (Cervus dama).

Cervus dama is one of the critically endangered animals in Turkey.It is hoped to still exist in the rocky mountains of the Mediterrenean Region.

Mısır kobrası ya da çöl kobrası (Walterinnesia aegyptia).

It is the only species that exist in Turkey.

Kurbağa balığı (Uranoscopus scaber), It is widespread along the Atlantic coast of Europe and Africa, is very common in the Mediterranean and Black Sea, and somewhat rare in the Bay of Biscay.[1] It is a demersal fish, which lives in sandy or muddy sand sediments along the upper slope of the continental shelf, between depths of 14-400 meters.[2] It is not an economically important fish, primarily caught as by-catch, but is ecologically important.[3]

Tırtak (Delphinus delphis), Bayağı yunus

• The short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) is a species of common dolphin. It has a larger range than the long-beaked common dolphin (D. capensis), occurring throughout warm-temperate and tropical oceans, with the possible exception of the Indian Ocean.[4] There are more short-beaked common dolphins than any other dolphin species in the warm-temperate portions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.[5] It is also found in the Caribbean and Mediterranean Seas.

Ankara goat(ankara keçisi)

This type of goat is only found around Ankara,in the Central Anatolia Region in Turkey.

Lekeli semender (Salamandra salamandra),

It is found in Erzincan, Bitlis, Adana, Mersin, Hatay ve South eastern Anatolia Region

Dubar (Mugil cephalus),

The flathead mullet, Mugil cephalus, is a mullet of the genus Mugil in the family Mugilidae, found in coastal tropical and subtropical waters worldwide. Its length is typically 30 to 75 centimetres (12 to 30 in). This species occurs worldwide

Tatlısu levreği (Perca fluviatilis),Perca fluviatilis, commonly known as the European perch, perch, redfin perch or English perch, is a predatory species of perch found in Europe and Asia. The species is a popular quarry for anglers, and has been widely introduced beyond its native area, into Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa and Turkey. They have caused substantial damage to native fish populations in Australia.

Batoidea,vatoz

Batoidea is a superorder of cartilaginous fish commonly known as rays and skates, containing more than 500 described species in thirteen families. They are in the fish subclass Elasmobranchii, along with sharks.They are closely related to sharks, from which they can be distinguished by their flattened bodies, enlarged pectoral fins that are fused to the head, and gill slits that are placed on their ventral surfaces.

Kara akrep (Androctonus crassicauda),

It is too dangerous for human’s life.They are found in Şanlıurfa, Mardin, Diyarbakır, Batman, Elazığ, Malatya, Adana, Mersin

camel;deve

Especially in Cappadocia area camels are used for tourism and in the western part of Turkey they are used for camel wrestling shows.

İskender papağanı (Psittacula eupatria),

The Alexandrine Parakeet is the largest species of all Parakeet (small Parrot with long tail) species, thus often being the largest Parrot in their native range. This species measures 58 cm (23 in) in total length with a wing length averaging 18.9–21.5 cm (7.5–8.5 in) and a tail length of 21.5–35.5 cm (8.5–14.0 in). Adult birds commonly weigh between 200 and 300 g (7.1 and 11 oz).[4][5] It is mainly green with a blue-grey sheen on its cheeks and nape

The Red-crested Pochard (Netta rufina) Macar ördeği

• The Red-crested Pochard (Netta rufina) is a large diving duck. Its breeding habitat is lowland marshes and lakes in southern Europe and Central Asia,the Mediterrenean region,Black Sea Region in Turkey. wintering in the Indian Subcontinent and Africa. It is somewhat migratory, and northern birds winter further south into north Africa.

Altın çakal (Canis aureus), Bayağı çakalThe golden jackal (Canis aureus), also known as the common jackal, Asiatic jackal[3] or reed wolf[4] is a canid ,in all parts of Turkey due to its widespread range in areas with optimum food and shelter.[1] It is a social species, whose basic social unit consists of a breeding pair, followed by its offspring. The golden jackal is highly adaptable, being able to exploit many foodstuffs, from fruit and insects to small ungulates.

Dall yaban koyunu (Ovis dalli),

The Dall sheep (originally Dall's sheep), Ovis dalli, is a species of sheep native to northwestern North America, ranging from white to slate brown in color and having curved yellowish brown horns. Its closest relative is the more southern subspecies, Stone sheep (also spelled Stone's sheep) (Ovis dalli stonei), which is a slaty brown with some white patches on the rump and inside the hind legs

The Akbash Dog;Akbaş dog

The Akbash Dog (from Turkish: Akbaş, literally "white head" [1]) is native to western Turkey in the region known as the Akbaş, and it is primarily used as a livestock guardian dog. . The Akbash Dog is thought to be a Turkish version of white livestock guardian breed similar to those found in and around the northern Mediterranean Basin. The Akbash Dog has its unique combination of molosser and sighthound qualities.This breed was introduced to North America in the 1970s by Americans Judith and David Nelson[2] who had been conducting research on white coloured dogs in Turkey.