Habitat vs. Niche - WordPress.com · Habitat vs. Niche Habitat- the place ... community because of...
Transcript of Habitat vs. Niche - WordPress.com · Habitat vs. Niche Habitat- the place ... community because of...
Habitat vs. Niche
Habitat- the place in which an organism lives out its life
Niche - the role a species plays in a community; its total way of life
A niche is determined by the tolerance limitations of an organism, or a limiting factor.
Competitive Exclusion
Principle
• No two species can occupy the same niche in
the same place at the same time.
• One species will be eliminated from a
community because of competition for the
same limited resource.
Limiting Factors
• Limiting factor- any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence of organisms in a specific environment or causes population growth to decrease.
• Most of the time the limiting factor is a resource in insufficient supply.
Examples of limiting factors -
•Amount of water•Amount of food•Temperature•Amount of space•Availability of mates
Limiting Factors
Limiting Factors
• Density-dependent limiting factor — factor that only limits growth of a population when the population density reaches a certain level (overcrowding).
• Examples: food, water, shelter, competition, predation, parasitism, and disease
Limiting Factors
• Density-independent limiting factors — these limit growth regardless of the population size.
• Examples: unusual weather, natural disasters, seasonal cycles, and human activities
Resources
• Renewable Resources—a resource that can regenerate quickly and that is replaceable.– Examples: sunlight, trees, etc…
Resources
Nonrenewable Resources—a resource that cannot be replenished by natural processes.
Example: fossil fuels
CompetitionCompetition—interaction in which organisms of the same or different species attempt to use the same ecological resource in the same place at the same time.
PredationPredator/Prey—interaction in which one organism captures, KILLS, and feeds on another organism.
Symbiotic Relationships
Symbiosis- two species living togetherhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSmL2F1t81Q
3 Types of symbiosis:
1. Commensalism
2. Parasitism
3. Mutualism
Type of relationship
Species harmed
Species benefits
Species neutral
Commensalism
Parasitism
Mutualism
= 1 species
Symbiotic Relationships
Commensalism-
one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped
Ex. orchids on a tree
Epiphytes: A plant, such as a tropical orchid or a bromeliad, that grows on another plant upon which it depends for mechanical support but not for nutrients. Also called xerophyte, air plant.
Symbiotic Relationships
Commensalism-
one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped
Ex. polar bears and cyanobacteria
Commensalism
Whale & Barnacles
Shark & Remora
Symbiotic Relationships
Parasitism-
one species benefits (parasite) and the other is harmed (host)
• Parasite-Host relationship
Symbiotic Relationships
Parasitism- parasite-host
Ex. lampreys,
leeches, fleas,
ticks, tapeworm,
Not considered predator-prey because goal is not to KILL host
Symbiotic Relationships
Mutualism- beneficial to both species
Cleaner Shrimp & Fish
Bee & Flower
Mutualism
Egyptian
Plover
&
Crocodile
Symbiotic Relationships
Mutualism-beneficial to both species
LichenFungus
+BluegreenAlgae