H2O Voltage
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Transcript of H2O Voltage
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Virginia S. Claudio
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Next to oxygen, water is absolutely
essential to stay alive. A person cannot
stay alive after a few days without water.
If about 20% of body water is lost, death
results. Water is often taken for granted
by the body; it is the number one nutrient. It is a combination of 2 atoms of
hydrogen and oxygen(H.O.O) or usually
written as water.
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Water accounts for about 60% to 65% of
body weight for a normal adult. For a
150lb man, 90 lbs is water, 30 lbs is fat,30 lbs for the rest; protein, carbohydrate,
vitamins and minerals.
A typical normal adult has about 45%liters of water, of which two thirds is
found inside the cells called intracellular
fluids(ICF) , and one thirds is foundoutside of the cells called
extracellular(ECF).
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The latter is composed of the blood or
intravascular fluid(about 3 liters) andthe intestinal fluids(about 12liters).
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A universal solvent.It serves as the transport and
medium for many biological
reactions especially digestion,absorption and circulation.
All of the chemical reactions requirewater.
Vital component of every cell, organ
and tissue of the body.
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Lubricant of the joints and the viscera in
the abdominal cavity.It also regulates body temperature.
Water acts as a shock absorber inside the
spinal cords and amniotic sac.
Source of three minerals such as flourine,
calcium, magnesium and copper.Source of toxic elements such as a lead,
cadmium etc.
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Amount of water taken in must be equal
to the amount of water output, for a
person to be a metabolic equilibrium.
Fluid intake is controlled by thirst.
Water is available through more efficient
conservation of water from the kidneysand intestines.
Fluid intake is approximately equal to the
urine output.
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Amount of the water needed by the body
may be met by a direct intake of water
coming from water ingested as such, and
for water bound with foods.
Water is produced inside the body, calledmetabolic water.
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Water produced as an end-product of
metabolism, amounts to approximately 10
to 14gm per 100 cal.
Water is immediately absorbed from the
digestive tract into the blood and lymph.
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Intake Output
Drinks 950-1200 ml Kidney(urine) 950-1400 ml
Water in food 700-1000 ml Stool(water in
feces)
100 ml
Water of
oxidation
200-1000 ml Perspiration 500-700 ml
Lungs(expired
air)
300 ml
Totas 1850-2500 ml 1850-2500 ml
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Food % Water
Cucumber, kondol 96.0
Melons, squash, papaya, tomatoes 94.0
Leafy vegetables 92.0
Kalamansi 90.0
Avocado 85.5
Carrot 85.1
Starapple 82.6Egg 74.0
Mackerel 74.0
Milk 72.8
Orange 72.0
Carabeef 72.0
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Food % Water
Pork loin 63.4
Pork belly 37.3
Butter 18.0
Rice noodles 12.9
Rice, dried 10.7
Milk, dried 5.5
Sugar, granulated 0.3
Pork crackling 0.0(traces)
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Hormone vasopressin (anti-diuretichormone or ADH) pituitary gland.
Decreases water excretion by the kidney
by increasing the rate of water
reabsorption from the tubules
Water leaves the body:the skin, lungs,gastrointestinal tract and kidneys.
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Water may also be lost together with
the electrolytes through tears,
stomach, suction, breathing,
vomiting, diarrhea, bleeding,
perspiration, drainage from burns,
discharge from ulcer, skin diseases
and injured or burned areas.
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1 ml per calorie for adults and 1.5
ml/calorie for infants.
1.5-2.5 liters or 6-10 glasses of water a
day.
During hot weather, fever, hemorrhage,
excessive sweating, vomiting, diarrhea,
and high protein intake, the allowance
for water in increased.
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For infants, 110 ml/kg; and for 10
year-old children, 40 ml/kg depending
on the environmental temperature.Concentrated urine indicates a need
for more water.
Beverages and prepared foods.
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Body loses large amount of water due to
high environmental temperature, sodium
is lost as well.Causes the brain to signal a needs for
increased water.
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If water intake is increased without the
corresponding increase in sodium,intoxication results.
Muscle cramps, weakness, and/or drop in
blood pressure results.Too much fluid is given intravenously.
Exceeeds the maximum rate of urine
flow; cells and tissues become diluted.
Causes anorexia, vomiting, and at some
times, convulsions, coma, ang even eath.
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If the loss is about 10% of total body
water;fatalif the loss is 20-22%.
Skin becomes loose and inelasticSevere thirst and nausea occurs.
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Electrolytes (also known as ions) charged
particles that conduct electric current. e.g.
salts, acids, and bases.
Non electrolytesmolecules that do not
ionize.
Positive ions (cations) include sodium (Na+),
potassium (K+), ang magnesium (Mg++).
Negative ions (anions) include chloride (Cl),
bicarbonate (HCO3), biphospate (HPO4), and
many protein derivatives.
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Important aspects of electrolytes in waterbalance;
Measurement of electrolytes in body
fluids.
Electrolyte composition of body fluid.
Lectrolyte balance within fluid
compartments.
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