ww2 begins

WWII POLITICAL LEADERSWWII POLITICALALLIESAXIS

THE BIG THREEWINSTON CHURCHILLGreat BritainFDR---U.S.JOSEPH STALIN---Soviet UnionBENITO MUSSOLINIADOLF HITLERHIDEKI TOJO

2Operation Overlord (D-DAY)-- code name for invasion of Normandy, France-- June 6, 1944 invasion date-- Gen. Dwight Eisenhower, commanderPas-de-Calais trick-- dummy landing craft placed along coast-- decoy fooled German spy planes as to where invasion would happenBLITZKREIG

GERMAN MILITARY TACTICS OR LIGHTING WARThe key to blitzkrieg is SURPRISE!It is designed to attack many different targets with overwhelming numbers so as to simply devastate the enemy.

BLITZKRIEG4NON-AGGRESSION PACT

If Hitler had to fight the British and French he did not want to fight the Soviets, too.Hitler and Stalin sign a non-aggression pact and divide Poland.

Hitler crushes France in June 1940Hitlers last enemy was Great Britain.Hitler wanted to gain air supremacy. Battle of Britain, largest air battle ever fought in the history of warfare. July to November 1940 and was won by the Royal Air Force (RAF or British Air Force). ****First major German loss in WWII and forced Hitler to change his strategyBritish people fought for their country and a possible Nazi invasion (Operation Sea Lion).

THE BATTLE FOR BRITAINBritain6Now Britain Is All Alone!

Winston Churchill, the Prime Minister of Great Britain.The Lion of England

BATTLE OF BRITAINBritain8GETTING BLITZEDBritain

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10HITLER OVERRUNS EUROPECartoonist shows how Hitler walked through Europe unopposed.Hitlers blitzkrieg military tactics made his armies near impossible to stop.

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AXIS POWERSThe goal of the Axis Powers was to rule the world..The world would rotate around them.The Axis believed democratic nations were weak. (United States and Great Britian)And they would conquer them as a knife slices through butter.12

Map in 194213

AXIS POWERS BY 1942U.S. Neutrality U.S. declares neutrality at onset Neutrality Act 1939 warring nations buy weapons from US if paid cash and carried on own ships Lend-Lease Act US lend or lease arms to nations considered vital to US defenseAMERICAN NEUTRALITYAmericans wanted to remain neutral.America First CommitteeCommittee to Defend America by Aiding the AlliesFeb. 21, 1940: If Germany is defeating England & France, should the U.S. declare war on Germany and send our Army and Navy to Europe to fight against Hitler?

Yes: 23% No 77%

Neutral

16America at War Export Control Act FDR power to restrict sale of strategic war materials FDR threatens to freeze Japanese assets in US and reduce amount of oil shipped to Japan Japan responds attack on Pearl Harbor, Dec. 7, 1941

Pearl Harbor, on the Island of O'ahu, Hawaii, (then a territory of the United States) was attacked by the Japanese Imperial Navy, at approximately 8:00 A.M., Sunday morning, December 7, 1941. The surprise attack had been conceived by Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto. The striking force of 353 Japanese aircraft was led by Commander Mitsuo Fuchida. There had been no formal declaration of war.

Admiral Isoroku YamamotoCaptain Mitsuo Fuchida18Approximately 100 ships of the U.S. Navy were present that morning, consisting of battleships, destroyers, cruisers and various support ships. **USS Arizona (BB39) BattleshipUSS West Virginia (BB48) BattleshipUSS California (BB44) BattleshipUSS Oklahoma (BB37) BattleshipUSS Nevada (BB36) BattleshipUSS Pennsylvania (BB38) BattleshipUSS Tennessee (BB43) BattleshipUSS Maryland (BB46) BattleshipUSS Vestal (AR4) Repair shipUSS Neosho (AO23) OilerUSS Detroit (CL8) Light cruiserUSS Raleigh (CL7) Light cruiserUSS Utah (AG16) Target Ship USS Tangier (AV8) Seaplane Tender

DAY OF INFAMY19

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After FDRs Day of Infamy speech asking for a declaration of war against Japan, Congress approved the declaration.FDR signed the declaration of war against Japan on Dec. 8, 1941 (Day after attack)23

WAR POSTERSposters

24At Home with the War Country challenged to convert to war-time production cost-plus contracts company paid cost of manufacturing plus guaranteed profit automobile factories best suited for producing war-time equipment (jeeps,tanks, artillery, rifles, etc.) produced 1/3 military equipment during war the entire nation contributed to efforts rationing of certain products recycling any product that could be used women went to work in factories Rosie the Riveter symbolized their effortsWAR POSTERSposters

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WAR POSTERSposters

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DAY OF INFAMYInfamy930WAR POSTERSposters

The Women of WWII31

RosieRosie the RiveterWomen manned the factories while the men went off to fight.

This helped lay the foundation for womens rights in the work world and helped us win the war..WAR POSTERS32Treatment of Japanese-Americans War Dept. given authority to declare any part of U.S. a military zone and remove anyone from zone West Coast declared military zone all people of Japanese ancestry placed into internment camps

34Executive 9066EXECUTIVE ORDER 9066

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It took more than 40 years later before the U.S. admitted fault and began to make $20,000 reparations to camp survivors 1944 Supreme Court case, Korematsu vs. U.S., affirmed the constitutionality of this terrible act.45America Fighting the WarGen. Douglas MacArthur

--- American commander in Philippines--- evacuated to Australia --- vowed to returnBattle of Midway--- June 1942--- Japanese planned to destroy rest of naval fleet--- US code breakers broke secret Japanese code--- allowed for US to ambush--- turning point because stopped Japanese advance in PacificIsland Hopping in Pacific

-- MacArthurs plan to bypass Japans heavily defended islands-- seize the easily defeated outposts-- able to build landing strips in order to cut Japans supply linesNorth Africa

Battle of Kassarine Pass-- 1st time US faced Germans

By May 1943, Germans surrendered North Africa

Battle of Stalingrad-- Hitler convinced only way to defeat Soviet Union was to destroy economy-- Stalingrad was key to attack-- would cut off Soviet war resources -- Stalin ordered troops hold city -- retreat forbidden-- Germans defeated-- Turning pointput Germans on defensiveEnd of Mussolini-- Sicily stepping stone for Allied occupation of Europe-- Italy turns back on Germany--quits Axis alliance-- Mussolini placed under arrest byItalian king-- was later hung by Italianresistance fighters

D-Day, the decision day or H-dayStalins 2nd front.Largest military invasion in world history to defeat Hitler.The 5000-vessel armada stretched as far as the eye could see, transporting over 150,000 men and nearly 30,000 vehicles across the channel to the French beaches. Six parachute regiments -- over 13,000 men -- were flown from nine British airfields in over 800 planes. More than 300 planes dropped 13,000 bombs over coastal Normandy immediately in advance of the invasion.War planners had projected that 5,000 tons of gasoline would be needed daily for the first 20 days after the initial assault. By nightfall on June 6, more than 9,000 Allied soldiers were dead or wounded, but more than 100,000 had made it ashore, securing French coastal villages. Within weeks, supplies were being unloaded at UTAH and OMAHA beachheads at the rate of over 20,000 tons per day.D-DAY INVASIONGen. Eisenhower Gives the Orders for D-Day [Operation Overlord]

US General Dwight Eisenhower was chosen by the Big 3 at the Tehran Conference (Nov. 28-Dec. 1, 1943) as the Supreme Allied Commander and was responsible for the D-Day Invasion.

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Normandy Beach today60Battle of the Bulge

Hitlers last offensive-- Antwerp, Belgium-- Dec. 16, 1944-- Caught US off-guard, but won battle-- Jan. 8, 1945 Germans withdrewback towards Germany

Battle_of_Bulge

Germans surrender May 7, 1945

V-E Day Victory in Europe

FDR dies in Warm Springs, Georgia on April 12, 1945Mussolini is executed by his own people on April 28, 1945Hitler realizing that Berlin was about to fall, married his mistress, Eva Braun and both commit suicide on April 30, 1945.THREE WORLD LEADERS DIE64

A saddened nation mourns the passing of their President. April 12, 1945FDR DIES

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President Franklin Roosevelt was in Warm Springs, Georgia when he passed away on April 12, 1945. Vice President Truman was in Washington, DC when the news of his death arrived. Truman was quickly sworn as President.

FDR DIESIwo_Jima_Okinawa

Battle of Leyte Gulf-- MacArthur returns to Philippines -- fall 1944-- largest naval battle in history

Iwo Jima & Okinawa-- napalm used on 6 industrial cities-- failed to create unconditionalsurrender from Japanmap/japanTURNING POINT BATTLES1944Battle of Leyete Gulf, recaptured the Philippines1945Iwo Jima and OkinawaPut the US 500 miles from mainland JapanBegan bombing mainland Japan

69Manhatten Project-- American program to buildatomic bomb-- first bomb detonated July 1945Alamogordo, NM

Enola Gay drops a-bomb-- 1st on Hiroshima, Aug 6, 1945-- 2nd on Nagasaki, Aug 9, 1945

A joint Allied Project consisting of Canadian, British and U.S. scientists to build an atomic bomb.Started in 1940..By July 1945, 3 bombs had been built.1 bomb = 20,000 tons of TNTOne would be set off in New Mexico successfully.MANHATTEN PROJECTArguments for use

Japanese refused to surrender.

Estimated an invasion similar to D-Day was needed to end war.

Estimated Japans empire would last 2 years.

Estimated Allied casualties at 1 million or more men with huge Japanese losses.

Japanese leadership was told of the destructive power of the bomb

Offered a period to surrender but declined.

Arguments opposed

Atomic bombs were untested and their destruction unknown

Hiroshima and Nagasaki were not major military targets.

Those killed in the attacks would be Japanese civilians.

Radiation poisoning would have negative effects on the population.

Nuclear weapons would set a precedent that using weapons of mass destruction was allowable in war ATOMIC BOMB72

Sample of Japanese leaflet dropped by US warning the Japanese people the destructive power the bomb and to evacuate the cities.

Sample of Japanese leaflet dropped by US warning the Japanese people the bomb and the translation in EnglishIn the next few days the military installations in some or all of the cities named on the photograph will destroyed by American bombs. These cities contain military installations and workshops or factories which produce military goods. The American Air Force, which does not wish to injure innocent people, now gives you warning to evacuate the cities named and save your lives. America is not fighting the Japanese people But is fighting the military clique (govt. leaders) which has enslaved the Japanese people. The peace which America will bring will free the people from the oppression of the military clique and mean the emergence of a new and better Japan. You can restore peace by demanding new and good leaders who will end the war. We cannot promise that only these cities will be among those attacked, but some or all will be, so heed this warning and evacuate these cities immediately. Hiroshima August 6, 1945

70,000 killed immediately 48,000 buildings. destroyed. 100,000s died of radiation poisoning & cancer later.

Nagasaki August 9, 1945

40,000 killed immediately 60,000 injured. 100,000s died of radiation poisoning & cancer later.

Japanese A-Bomb Survivors

Japan_Surrenders

Japan surrenders Aug 15, 1945

V-J Day Victory in Japan

WW II officially endsAfter WWII the US and Soviet relations would become strained and lead to the next conflict

THE COLD WAR