~gZ 1 xZŠâ :g á U · Flaubert's landmark novel Madame Bovary is not just a masterpiece of French...

2222{{{{��

#U»�á‚g:âŠZx1Zg~)çŠgZzgZkÆZgŠzF,3»Y,{(

Flaubert's landmark novel Madame Bovary is not just a masterpiece of French but

it has also influenced the other genres of Western literature. Its story is apparently

simple but Flaubert's multifaceted style has created a unique symbolism in it.

Though before this many novels were written and even afterwards this realistic

approach influenced a large number of writers, no literary work could come at par

with it. It has thematic complexity, internal narrative density and an exuberant

style. It is because of these qualities that it is termed as a challenge novel. The

manner in which it has been written is a distinctive accomplishment of beauty and

artistry. In this novel, Flaubert has invented a style of writing which has knitted

together the disparate and antonymous observations and experiences. It has been

translated virtually in all the major languages of the world. The renowned Urdu

writer, and critic Muhammad Hasan Askri translated it into Urdu. In the

following pages, the literary worth and the experience of its characters has been

presented. The narrative style adopted in the translation has also been analyzed.

But, before anything else, a brief introduction of the novelist has been given.

:Üs�ÛZúi!*y»Zq-�á‚g**zwìÉZkäf!ZŠ[Å Ú³³^�]Ýeç]…p #U»czs**zw

ŠvZ0sÃÌOW,HìXZkÅ¹ã„CÙ‚Š{Ïì1#UÆZ|[ÅµŠZg~:Zk~g'×e$»Z0+ZiÌaZ™Šc*ìXZkIÌ¹Ð**zw‘‰Zzgˆ~ÂZkÅ|IZ:ÕäŒVÃOW,

H16Å@*gõ~Zk»ë?**zwZzgÃð:ƒeXZkXXXÐ**zwÅëÏZkÆñçqÅÜZkÆZ|[~ic*Š{ìXZÏzz(ÐZq-½**zw¹ŠHìXZk»Z|[ŒZzg2g~»Zâ3»g**)

ìXZk**zw~#UäZq-Z(Z|[�ðHì�ZZzg„ŠÔx@}ZzgŠ"ÃZyzZu~

¤/Ä~Ñä»{0ŠHìXâŠZx1Zg~Š*Å½ãCÙ(,~i!*y~F,Àƒ[ìXZgŠzÆŸiÕŠZzgáW·Œj~äZÐZgŠz~F,ÀHìXfs~ëZk**zwÅçŠgÆ‚B‚BZkÆ™ŠZzV

»ÌZq-Š/7™,ÐZzgZkÆZgŠzF,3~Z(gÅYäzZà�ÆZ|[»ÌY,{BÐX1

ƒÐ¬**zwÆ'øƒ#U»Zq-Z)àY,{7ìX

351

YÃ�ÛZ÷Æ‹gzÇy~aZƒZXZkÆzZ−Zq-âCÙuXZzghwÆ 1821 Šc18 øî#U

Ç¸ÇV~a¸�6,åXtZq-ˆkZzg{ñl'×Z`±»åX_¬»"uØ: #U Š¸X»{0+ZyhwÆZqð~„ªx8,k,åZzgZk #U ä]g~jwgzÇy~½qÝÅX #U åX

ÃZm%èÆ',Üsck #U Y~ 1841 ä¹¢‚³2Æ!*g}~'g]qÝ™àX‡âyÅ½qÝ™äÆaŸŠc*ŠHXck~ZkZŠ!IÐzZÕZ(g™àXZyŠ!*]äZkÅ

”h+Z¡!Úî»DgƒŠHT»m%ÏÐåXZk #U Y~ 1844 !&6V~Ìy',0*™Šc*XZ¡!ÚîÅzzÐz{zízZ:ß^Wc*ZzggzÇyÆZq-âZk´ºà™z_54øG

H~g�Î@*�¡4

¹plƒZz»ªÐÖg{ïŠHÔZzgZ[Zeic*Š{F,z‰Ü_¬~ #U ƒnXà™z_54øGH~g{™

Y~ætÅ(s#ÅXZkŠzgZyZkäÔ�áxÔF,ÅÔ-**y»HX 1849-50ä #U ÜsƒäÎX

ÆÜsPŒÛRŠz„¸XZkÅi0+Ï~ŠzpZ&WNXZq-»**xZ‚_5»45¾æ GEGY

��áŠ~ #U

”{{Ây¶X#ÛäGg{',kÅ/~ZkÐ�áŠ~™àÔp'×Z`:YÆ:L¢„Zµ

YJ-g;XZyŠzâVÅ 1846-1854 »Ã«Ðm #U ƒ‰XŠzu~{ÂyÃKÃ«¶�Zq-�á²{¶XäŠ¬�ßK»¦g6ZkÆÇ~ #U 5‡'¹ÁƒNXâzÂ"$Ò]ÐƒC¶X

åÔŠg|ßKz+7ìÅ<å XEZZkäßKÃghŠc*ZzgËi0+Ï¦/ZgäÃF,ßŠ~X

Zq-%ŠxÜZgZzgÍdZKyìwHYäÎXz{)¡qZ:gzbÔ¦rÆ:L”h+ #U

W»¶K:¯XNgzZKy¦gHYäÎX#Ûäá‰6~i0+Ï¦/Zg~¶‚~ZkÅpZ÷]

qÑ]Å**‚i»g~Å¯6,ZŠðg~g�XZkaåá‰6ÐÜZgg;X{CŠ*äZypZ÷]Æ

åƒä»½7gZˆkŠÑc*�|~e:åXpZ÷]ÆZkZŠðg}6»ZW,ZkÅWÒ{WäzZà#U ~zZãÃW@*ìX Ú³^�]Ýeç]…p ÅËðZzg**plÍZgi0+Ï»ZW,ZkÆx»x #U i0+Ï6,Ì7,ZX

Åßg]~ZKi0+Ï»{�7HXçÙîg6,ic*Š{p¥w:åXZkäâŠZx1Zg~Å Ú³³^�]Ýe³ç]…p äZzwZ�á®)Ð¬0*õ‚ßV~Üs0*õÎ¾ñXZk»»ZŠ!uât£?Šg`fs�X

£?:

YÔZKã;]Zzg|óg~6,FF**zwìX 1857 Ô Ú^�]Ýeç]…p 1X

ÅkB6,@*g]**zwìX carthage YÔ 1862 Ô ‰¡Úfç 2X

YÔZKãPZzgá‰6ÅÕîVÆ0ìX 1860 Sentimantal Eduction 3X

451

YÔZeñçqè<ØìX 1874ÔThe Temptation of Saint Anthony 4X

YÔt&¿¹*V�X 1877ÔThe three tales 5X

YÔtZq-egZ)ìX 1874ÔThe candidate failed after few performance 6X

YÔ~tWy~**zw�áùƒZX 1881ÔBouvard and pechuhet 7X

|óg~6,Zq-4+**zw¦gHY@*ìX|óg~»gDygzâ+M»gŠ¿Ì Ú³^�]Ýeç]…p

åZzgZkÆáZi~¸Zq-¡~¿ÌXŠzâV~ãCŠ~�ÛtiZztó{»ìXgzâãZŠd$ËÚÆk

z�ŠÆOñZkÅ!*mwÃˆl™@*ìZzgÇÅWçÐZÂù]‚tÑ@*ìX|ógÆ

aãCŠ~!*]Ú»ªCÙ~Uƒ@*ìXªCÙÅ6,'ÅsÅsz{ZkÆ!*í~ZF,@*Zzg�¼Ã7,@*ìÒy™ŠêìXZk¿~Z¤/pŠzâVZLZLZ0+ZiÐ»x™D�p:ÂgzâãÔÚÆªCÙ~z�ŠÃ¢‹›é GES�ÛZñl™YìÔZzg:|ógÔÇÅWçåîg6,È™YìX|óg~»<ÃZŠ[

~)~)bz)]ÃÓxF,b×]Æ‚BÒy™**Zzgi0+ÏÅñ�ŠÇZåVÅÕ[¤ð™**åX|óg~»š/Z£g¯I¤/Z°ÆáZŠsìX|óg¯I¤/Z�ÛÅ§bZK%èZzgfZCIz**IÐsÃ©Ã¯¾™@*ìXñ�Šßg]qw~�qTZ0+ZiZzgTF,KM~ìZÏZ0+ZiZzgF,KM

~ßÍVZzggzi%{i0+ÏÅ/V~¦k,ÉÅˆ Ú³³³³³^�]Ýe³³ç]…p ÆZk**zw #U Ð7™ŠêìXìX7g}**zw~zZu]ÃZq-{mF,KMZzgö÷B7HŠHìXb×]6,å'g]ÃWCì@*�âjwZzgzZu]~Z%`',0*:ƒXZ¤/pZk**zw~'äZfŠ{á‰6Å¦k,ÉÅì

Ú^�]Ý p}Ì…**zwÅcZfŠ{ƒDŠ¬ð7ŠîìXßÍVÅW~WgZY�Z,VäZk**zw

Y~ 1857 Å�ZðÃŒ%Š,‰ÔÍ™jÛ¹Šw',ŠZ¸ƒZåXúZxÅ”h+#¿Æ:L e³³³ç]…p

äl) #U Zk6,YZŠZgZzgè<ØÆÜsŠxZVäÅzzÐl)`c*ŠHX»°K-zŠzÆˆÅZ‹Z�á®)~**zw»ZO[ckÅZ³èzÆgÁÔò>Æ Ú³³^�]Ýeç]…p ä #U ÛA1X-V

äZkK~–ì� #U ‚.œgÔZzgZñgŠZ¼Æ‚.zik,LLâg~WVÂZyj-w#góóÆ**xHìX

³m,Zzg**ñgŠz„!=ZYi]ŠØ�ZkÂ[Åßb6,ZO[ÆK~W\»**x’k,

™zVÔYèZkÅZ�á®)Æa~ƒÐic*Š{W\»ZˆyqƒVXW\äZkÂ[

ÆlóÅcz~~��á0+ZgÒyŠc*ìZÐ7,"Æˆ÷~"äÍc*pŠ÷~ÃzV~Zq-)áµzwqÝ™àìÔÅ<å XEZ÷Zt@tYÎJw�Ûâ�XpZ{t@tH„

i',Š„YV:ƒÔpW\ÅplÒãZzgW\Å�ÛnÙÏ»ë?L7ƒYX1

551

ÅÃÒ¶�**zwÇi0+Ï»@ÃWñXZkä¬ZyÓx»V»^HÔZyÅ¬] #U

ÐåWÇ„qÝÅXÆ0Zkä–X}igZ®)ÆjZáÐÂø]6,4ÔZ´VSàîg6,ÇîVÆ)b6,–XZ¤/ÃðÌ¿t**zw7,ñÂZkŠzg~�ÛZ÷ÆqÑ]Ôz;VÆgÌzgzZ`Ô

èIç5]Ô©Ñ]ÐWÇ„@*gõÅ"ÑgÂ1VÃÅzgt¤/ŠZãÆ%qÝƒYñÏX�ÛZúZŠ[

ä|óg~ÅgzZe$ÅãCŠeZàXZkzzÐZÐ¯¹»Šgz5X Ú^�]Ýeç]…p ~

âŠZx1Zg~ÆZëZzgU*â~™ŠZg¼Zk§bÐ�:

]aÜÒ†�]…V

ZZ1Zg~:/V~¦k,É™äzZàÔ)i)ŠZgÔ**¢f‚Åâ´{ÂyìXZ¡!$+�»Dg�Ç

i0+Ï~eÂÆÑë7ìX

ZZ1Zg~»ØCÙìXcÆÒpÐeZËìX�ágwÆ;Vf;-$ZzgÇ»hZyìX) �ágw1Zg~:Ygq:Z0+Zi»â´ìXŠ+zŠ*z~»ñV~gŠŠpg‚rìX

ZZ1Zg~»ª\gÔZ•ðik,uZzg™ŠZgZKyìX gzŠz³:

ZZ1Zg~»ªŠz„ZzgŠzu~›ìXcÆZ±gÐzVƒ@*ìX áZzV:

ZzÁZzó:cÆZ±gÐ1ìXá‰6Å#bz‹ŠÆa].z4™@*ìX

$^ÞçpÒ†�]…V

Zq-¹(,ZY�ŠZg�ágw1Zg~ZzgZZ1Zg~ÃxZ�yj~~Šú]6,š@*ìX Z&+z&Ò2.ç GJG:

›�ágwzã!*gzßó1Zg~:�ágw1Zg~»!*\X

�ágw1Zg~Å«ç~X âŠZxŠz1u:

ZZ1Zg~Zzg�ágw1Zg~ÅeìX ',]:

âŠZxÁZVÎZ:uZñÅâÙìX

@*&ì�Šzu}àzVÐq,Ñ™‰ìX ›Cg-:

%!å1Zg~äZkÆ&×}ƒñc»´`HåX Z<§:

ZZ1Zg~»!*\ìX ZgzgŠzZz:

$+ú}.z{wzZÑZKyìTÅWzZiZzg,ZZ1Zg~ÃŠciŠ{™ŠîìX Z0+Jög~:

651

-ãzs´º»LMz°åX ›M:

Z#ëZy™ŠZgzV»W~Zzg»©ÃÐY,{fe�Â¥xƒ@*ì**zwÅ‹zíZZ1Zg~ÃÚp~Å¢zg]ìX7g}**zw~ZZZq-»xÑzq™CìÂQZÐŠzu}»xcgzuŠîìXå6Åˆlz[~ÐgSìXZZuŠgzgzââ~ìZzgZYâ~Š*~gxI™CìX_.!*Cúg]ìX}

^ãpZ÷]ÔâwzŠzªÅÕÔZzg”h+›ÅZfŠÏtƒq,ãï™Zq-zZu™[z

Zfe$0IÔZzgZk§sÐZKÂzUäÆOñZZZkŠÄÐZzgÌŒ®¬ˆXz{(,|

(,|ÆuŠgŠz§ñwheÐXXXXZyµ]ÎV»gô™C�ZÐqÝ:ƒñÔZkpÙÆ

Îv~uŠ�;BÐòˆÔZLWyÐ!*'™äzZápZ1VÃgzCÔZLyÅßz@*gq-c6,š/fX2

gZGãÆŠzgZyZkägzââ~¹*V7,³XÅzzÐz{ÇŠ*ÃŠÚÅf7gBb¶XZkÅ

‚g~Âzgzâ÷Å§sgS¶X!*syz{ZLpZ1VÆ‚BZûg{YCìXá‰6Åúg]¶ZzgZk

ÐÖg{eSìX�ágw1Zg~Æ;V}.ZŠZŠ&6V»hZyìpz{uŠgz÷ZKyì6�ë**zw~ŠÙ�:

t¼ZkÅ™~WD„:Ôeìz{Ä¨gÐYV:•ÔÃð!*]ZkÆA„:

7,C¶Ô¾qwz{»xGYg;åXâ^heÆa¢zZà»\VZkÆ0*k‰Xz{‚g~¯ÎV~q¢gLÔZzgZq-Ì¼ZkÐgU:0*@*Ôz{ZCgzi»»xÃsÆâÅ§b™@*�W@ÈGÍwÍwOgLìZzgt7Y}�~H»x™g;ƒVX3

z{ËÌúg]Æik,ZW,7‚ãWY@*åXƒÐ¬ZkÅâVZk6,Ó#Ö™CìÔ�ZkÅ�áŠ~Zq-Z+úg]Ð™Šîì�ZkÐä‚w(,~Zzgç{ƒCìX�áŠ~Æˆ�ágw1Zg~ZKç~Šz1u»CÙ¬OÑ@*ìXŠz1uÅzÃ]ÆˆZkÅÂz»"gz%œ/ZZ1Zg~ƒYCìXz{ZkŠgNZzgZ�yƒ@*ì�ZZ1Zg~Å)ti0+ÏÃÌ:YõeXz{ZyŠzâVÆZk�ÛtÃ:Yye�ZyŠzâV

Åi0+7VÆŠgxyqbƒ[åX

fsÆcZ¤/Zs~ZkZ%»l!ZÖgƒZì:

�ágwÅWZ+©àZzg"g8-ƒC¶‰7u»9�ÔXXX:ÂZkÐÃð_./aZƒ@*

751

åÔ:çÔ:ÃðZzgìwÔXXXXZkÆ',@H%ŠÆa¢zg~7�z{CÙ!*]ÐzZ.ƒÔ§b§bÅu¤/ñV~(,|m|™z©8ƒÔúg]Ã_."Å¸ÂVÔi0+ÏÅ®:VZzg

ÓxZuZgzgñiÐWÇ{™}?pt%Š:Â¼2@*åÔ:pŠ¼Y}åÔ:ZkÆŠw~ÃðpZé¶Ôz{&å�ZZplìZzgZZÃt"„~ZzgŠwRt6,jy"g�(,~**ÍZg

¦/gC¶ÔÉZÐÂz{pÙJ-t��ágwÃZkÐqÝƒC¶X4

ZkÆ',@áZzVZzgZZ1Zg~ÆŠgxyZ#«5‡]ƒCìZkÐªCÙƒY@*ì�ŠzâV

7VìÑ]Æqï�ÔŠzâVâŠ{6,„¸XáZzVÃúgÂVÐ›»ÃðŠ/:åZkäZKi0+Ï»

9z{CZzg_.!*C¦/ZgZXZ#z{ckŠHZk~ZOŠWc*XZkÆ&‚wˆZ#z{ZzgZZAÂZk

äZÖg›HX#Uä**zw~áZzVÆ$+sgzbZzgZZÅp+uuJ-_.!*LMÃúc*VHì:

ZZäkq-ZkÆJg6,ugÄ™gz**ÑzqHÂZÐ(,~ZÂ?ØƒðÔZzgZyßÍVÅ§b

�ðh~Šk,Ðic*Š{ñu7ÍMhZk»ŠwZk›ÅWzZiÍ™ZzØÎTÅÎ2VÅ§sZ[ZkÅÂz„7¶XXXXZ¤/áZzVZkÐZÂŠHåÂz{ÌáZzVÐ"iZgƒ_¶XZZÃi**»g~~Ìz„"”Zzgf65��áŠ~~5åX5

7g}**zw~gzŠz³zZu™ŠZgìX�ZZÃ«5‡]~„™Y@*ìXZkÅi0+Ï»¸zúgÂVÅ;C_¬~¦/gZXz{Yy[å�ZZZLØCÙÐ"iZgìXgzŠz³ZZÅpzgCÐOW,åpZk»ÃðÌGic*Š{²1:¸åX

ƒúg'Zq-‚BZkÆ¦gZ]~ß7,,ÔZzgZ+Š4ƒð��ÛŠU�ÛŠUCÙZq-ÅW[z

@*[YCg„Ôz{ƒ•™›ÅZq-ûZgR6,WIÔZzgZy~Zz‘nÅ×¸T$ƒˆÔOçA¥ƒñâÞV~½½™z{-V„Šw„Šw~ìÎZY{™×!V»

è{ì!Íc*tZkÅgZñ»Ü1åX6

ZZÅZe7-pŠÉÅ¸Í™ÌZÐÃðZ\k:ƒZXgzŠz³Šg|ËðIÔ)_.!*CÔZKpìV~

\g�zZÑZKyåX

Å¦r**zwÆWy~ªCÙ #U Å‚³™I~»4+1ìX #U ZzÁZzó»™ŠZgÆ™ŠZg©àZKy�q #U ƒCìZ#ZzÁZzóÅ**ñg~Ôà]ZzgÛA»È{—ƒ@*ìX

7,_z‰ÜCkƒ@*ì�øg}7,zÏ�XâŠZx1Zg~Æ™ŠZg¹özŠf6�ÛZ„gnp�XLÂz{6,

851

ïmÔ(+MÔŠw¢Zi¥xƒD�ZzgLZy~Îª:6ZzgÁø°ÃWCìX‰Zz‡]zZãqzVÆ!*g}~"ÃWD�XZy~¸]êÅ¶ƒCìXt**zwZKã×!VZzg"”»

Ú³³³^�]Ý _·ìXz{ßv�ZLpZ1VZzgÇi0+Ï~�Ût7‡ì™MhXñ�Š{Šzg~Z¤/Š¬YñÂZKãZ¡!$+�»_·ìXá‰6»Zq-rx@{ìX eç]…p

á‰6»CÙWŠò�ZãÆ�l~ÔZq-Šyc*Zq-x„Æa�Ô1ZLW\Ã”h+Ð”h+ZzgzWÐzW_.!*]ÔZzg—Ð—»g**ñVÆ‡.Þ&¢zgìX7

´z{Zi,ßÍVÆWÐ(,"Æîg§jÔŠ2gÔZ‚:~¹*VÔok6,Ì**zw~p[gzÝeZàˆìX™ŠZgzVÆ·¶ÆŠzgZyZyÅ**Z‹U*"$ƒCìXZyÓxÁÜÅgzÝ~t**zwZÞ,œ~ÆÛÃªCÙ™@*ìXÕŠzVÆ4,Šq-**zwÅ‹zíZZ1Zg~ZzgÍxÎiÍ7f$Åg;ö5+k,{ÂyÆZq-‰qÑ]�X]!-B5Ïî

GEGÅ¶�Æ´z{ŠzâVÆ)bÌZq-‰�X

ä**zwÆñçqÅ§s‡gMÅÂzKzw™zZäÆa¹ŠN§i;ñ»g #U

äZq-§sŠŒCi0+ÏZzgŠŒC #U ZCñX**zwÆCÙ!*[~"ÑgZ,oø�X!*[Zzw~

�áŠ~»©Š3c*ìz�âgÃö!*wÅ½d$�åîg6,à~f0+ÏÆ§i6,ì7™@*ìXZkÆ´z{Z#igZ�‚~Hg½k,™g;ƒ@*ìÂ**zw»Zq-Zë™ŠZggzŠz³ÚHgÆCÙCÙ¿6,W™g;ƒ@*

ìX**zw~�ágw1Zg~ÅŠzâVçc*VŠz1uZzgZZ1Zg~W$g)4è FGCÙÒpÐ].ZÇ:ìÑ]ÅqïƒC�XZZ1Zg~ÆŠzâV¬Ô„ŠzK³,Æâ´�XZZ1Zg~Å{Ci0+ÏÆ!*g}~

¦gZ]zìÑ]ZzgZyÆ',@Çi0+ÏT~z{g{g„ƒCìZmZyzVZzgq&]»ñZi:ÃW@*

ìX**zwÆWy~Z#z{Zq-6,jyñ]ÅpZé™CìÂZÐñ]Å™[**uZfe$ÐŠzegƒ**7,@*ìX

(Ì0*ðYCìX–wÎÍÆÉ45¾æ GEY

Ô´#Ö: symbolism #ÝÆZk**zwLLâŠZx1Zg~óó~g'×e$)

ZK´ÚÅúÒÏ»�Û9„Z�x7ŠtÉZyZâYÆ¦gZ]»fg=ZÖgÌXXX´‘ZâÆOñZyÆ¦gZ]»šzZôWsƒC�X8 �

**zw~YOZ�ágñ)ñÒ]ÐÃWD�X}�ágw1Zg~Æjw»ŠzgZ6!*[Zzw~Cc*ŠHìXz{ZkÅ,ÃªCÙ™@*ì�w~¾uJ-YYìXZkÆ´z{Z0+Jög~Ô�ágwÅ«

Æ™ŠZgzVÆ**x Ú³³^�]Ýe³ç]…p ç~Å�áŠ~»‡3ÔZZ»Dg~Âz){XÕŠZy®äŒVJ-¹�

951

(ÆáZŠs�XªNgzc*çsßv Bovine Ìg'×e$»g8-gnp�X1Zg~{0+ZyÆ**x)

~#ÛZkË6,(ì�ZKãZqweìÄ„ZÜ¹YV:ƒVÔ"³ Ú³³³³³³³^�]Ýe³³³ç]…p �X�XçÑCgÎxÔè<ØÔ‡âyZzg{0+Zãi0+Ïƒ"ÎŠZzg"³�Xz�ŠÅZ-|Ð_“Æaƒ¼"ZW,ìX

6,»xHX**zw» Ú³^�]Ýeç]…p #U¹„÷ZzgZo–g~åXZkä½ã0*õ‚wÐiZZ+²1ZÝzŠ{ñ�Š{zŠ{Ð¹(,ZåXzWuJ-tó;î¹ãÆ}.z{wúc*V™@*ìX‰z�;]

Å¯Y6,ZkzŠ}~».$Y.$™ÆZk“ƒñ**zwÃZkzŠ}ÅÚ¿ßg]~7HŠHìX#Ûä�~oÆZq-{Å§sÓ#ÖÅÂzŠÑð˜V¬Ó#ÖÅu6,4:ƒäÆ:L

)bŠg7¸XZk**zw~Z+Z+»gk,ÅI2VäÓ#ÖÅÂzZy´VÅ§sKzw™zZðëÏZzgZ{îÆ‚BWÐ(,kìX1Zo‡g~zZu]ÆjZáÐ_.!*C Ú³³³³³³³^�]Ýe³³³³ç]…p X**zw

™ŠZgzVÆC‚]ÃÌik,¨gÑ@*ì}Z#ZZ1Zg~i0+ÏÐÜZgƒCìÂZkÅi0+ÏÆCÙxÅ

,Š3ðˆì�ZÂ?Ø»:Lk�ìXppìVÅ§sZZÅs[ˆlÔáZzVÐg*‡ì™**XZ,~ZZZzg‡g~ÅZÂ?ØPwV~»ƒYCìX

Ð¬Ì**zw‘YD¸Zzgˆ~Ì‘‰1ZkÅ"Vw�ZzgZ|[» Ú³³^�]Ýe³ç]…p

ë?Ãð:ƒeXZkÆZ|[„ÅzzÐ·Œj~äZk�ÛZú**zw»ZgŠz~F,ÀHX·Œj~Zq-™r#Z|[ZzggDy‚iZY:ógÔWógÔáW¸X�áh+„ÃðZzgÕŠøg}ZŠ[~ic*Š{ñçqWg;ƒÔA·Œj~gìXz{øg~ZŠ!@*gõ»¹ZëZzgZ•ðÑëÂz!*[�X·Œ

j~äZ’U�F,3KZy»øuçÙXåTäZ¹½Ð�ÛZº)Æˆ»°6,.yg3Y~Zy»„].h+ÑƒgÐmaZƒŠHåXz{ZyÆaF,§V»»x™gì¸Xt 1947-1946 åX

(,~u ‰†ïæ‰n^å ÔZzg Ú^�]Ýeç]…p Ô �ì†p‰¡Ý ¹ÁßÍVÃZ0+Zi{ƒÇ�ZyÆF,ÀG‰**zw

J-gzi~¾äÆaF,3K‰óóXª]Å!*]tì�ZyÆgzi~¾äÆ{§K‰F,3ÌW`J-ZKi!*yzÒyÅpçVZzgZ|[ÅzzÐZKVwW\�X

âŠZx1Zg~ÆF,3~·Œj~ÔjÛÆºmZ|[Zzg�~)bÐl!Ç{',WƒDÃ

»F,ÀHXtF,ÀÑzq™äÐI¸Î!gì�t Ú³³³³^�]Ýe³ç]…p Y~j~ä 1950 WD�XY~0*Îy 1947 Â[¹œÔìpH=Zk»Ãðëwçz£ÌŠ}Çc*7?pZÆ',

−WäÆˆZ,VäZk»xÃ™äÅVyàXF,3»eàÌZâ3åXÂ[ñ™F,À1ÜÑzq

061

™ŠïZzgZyÆgL¸ð˜YDXZ#¼ËV»ñZŠ»gƒY@*Â„].h+Ãz{ñZŠŸŠï¸X9�ÛZú**zßVÆF,ZWZrVä',Z{gZ„�ÛZúÐ7ÉZôm,~ÐK�X

Zq-Z(**zwì�ZLñçqÅÚZLë{Z|[ÒVÅzzÐ½áC Ú³³³³³³³^�]Ýe³³³³ç]…p

ìX#Û»Z|[Œz®»g~»�á‚gìXZkaZ,Z|[ÒyÃÓx/»çVÆ‚BZgŠzÆ

‡~eJÜáWÆa**e7ÂÂ¢zgåX#ÛäZ§bÆ¦Zg]zìÑ]Æ».Þc*§ŠÃZq-„¿~ÉŠc*ìXj~äZyÓVÆ_™ÆOñZyÃZÏZ0+Zi~ZgŠzÆ‡

~eJw™Zq-*Z|[zä™äÅÃÒÅìX

#ÛäZk~pZzg@*W,W�Û´ÆaÓVÆW}ÔcZ¤/ZsÅúÔZnÆ¦Zg]z

ìÑ]ÃZq-„¿~Šg`™äZzg‚�gñizZz‡sJ-Ð»x1ìXZy4,ZÆVÃZgŠzÜi!*y~

eJÜT~i!*yzÒyÅp!Üss„ZzggzZã„ªYCìYy�Ã~eZ%Æ',Z',åX1

j~äZKuJ-t™Š3c*ìXpz{ZLF,3Ã**»xëgì6�ZrVä–:

ªZq-**»xF,3Åw Ú³³³³^�]Ýe³ç]…p ÷}TF,3ÃgÐ7,JY**ecåz{ìÐXZzwÂZkÂ[»9F,ÀW`J-ƒZ„ÃyÏi!*y~ìZgŠzÂQ`ìXtÂ[Â

Zk‡.Þì�ZgŠzÆWJŠkZŠd$ï™ZÐF,À™DZzgZk6,&eg‚wÎDÔA$Y™}¼!*]k�X~tŠú~7™Y�ZkÂ[~�~Z|[Ææ)b‚tWD�~äZyƒÃ™1ìXZk»xÆaÌ‚w½ecX¾qw�ŠzÔeg!*'÷}

A7,,z{~äZgŠz~aZ™**e�X}Zq-Â~äÃÒÅ�#Ûä´â]Zz‡s

Æig)�paZK�z,„~™zVXp»A$ä£ç™ÆgÄŠc*óó9

Zy)]»Òy™Dz‰Üj~ë��ZkÐZ¤/ZgŠz„g]ÆÚƒäÅDe$ƒÂZk»

Z¤/**»xF,ÀåÂ·Œ Ú³³³³^�]Ýe³ç]…p 4+itì�ÃðZzg™r#ZkÐ4F,À™ÆŠ3NX

j~ÆZ±gÐåXeZË³m,Z0ZdZkjZáÐ˜��

Zq-!*]fZCŠ"Å¯Y6,²nì�âŠZx1Zg~»tF,À7,_ƒñÁZiÁZk»ÃðZôm,~F,À„‚tgÄ1YñÂj~ÅœÅŠZŠZëW`ÌŠ�%7g{ÃÐX01

#U»Z|ƒ�»ŠâÎ»qïìXz{x@Z]ÅÚ�ÅZÌÃt™DìXZkazZßðä#ÛÃZ|[ÆL»ŠgzŠc*ìXZzgZj+gZ0*î&+‰(,}�á²äŒVJ-ÈŠc*�÷Zìwì�

161

ÃðÌ¿#ÛÅ�ÃYä%Zh�á²~7™Yc*Šzu}/V~ZkäâŠZx1Zg~:7,JƒX#(Æ 1896-1822 ÛÆ�ÛZúZŠ[~¹ÐZŠ'VäZkÆZW,Z]JwGXÍVÃg',ZŠgZy)

**xÐczsŠz¸ÇVä|óg~»CXg~ƒäÆa!*‡°{Z¶gZ]ÆF,ZÚJ-�áï™a¸X1özŠ`ÃƒäÅzzÐz{i0+Ï»oZq-„U7™n¸XZyÆÃc*]#ÛÆ

Ãc*]Æ@*,¸XZrVäZKyÅÒpZ÷]Ã(,JmJ™7HZyÃ¡]óg7¹YYXZÏ§bZZLizÑä#ÛÆÃÃ‚tgÄ™!*‡°{¡]óg~»W¸iHXizÑÌ¡]óg~ÅZk

RJ-7V0*c*˜V#ÛåXZkÆ',@ñ,KV)0581X3981(ä#UÅÇÅÔZzgZZŠ[~Z¾m

ZzgzZu]zqÑ]ÅŠg„?ÏÅÔpz{ZL**zßV~].]»ÃðU:ïweXZYâV~Zk»®

ZL²z`6,ÃW@*ìXñ,KVÆ®Ã°Û~#Û»™ŠZg¹ZÌg‚rìXZkä:Üsr2c*

ÉZkÅåF,šMZzgu6,4ÅZzgÓxZëZŠ'V�á²zVÐ”gs™zZc*XZkäZq-bZ*ŠÅ§b

ñ,KVÅŠxŠx6,gÉðÅZzgñ,KVäÌ¾wXŠ]»bCÙ{HXZkmÅZq-ZzgzztÌ¶�#ÛZzgñ,KVÅâVßr~ŒÛRŠz4Ì¶X

Z#ñ,KV»ZY:LLñòtóó©¬x6,Wc*Â#Ûä',5ZkZYäÃZq-�á‚gZY:ŒÛZgŠc*Zzg&4jè FGIEÍðÅ�tZY:i0+{g�zZáZYâV~ÐìXXXóó11

ZgŠzZŠ[~|óg~�ÛZ÷ZzggzkÐ',Z{gZ„WäzZà’q-ìX�ÛZ÷~|ÅƒÉ˜ƒñoøÅ7¿Æa^»Z(gHZzg ‰³¡Úf³ç ¦k,ÉÅF,(QìXZka#Ûä

Æ»i}ÆÒyÆaz{èÆF�ÎV~Ñq-ƒZXZgŠzZŠ[~6,*PÔXŠ] Ú³^�]Ýeç]…p

ŒœÔÝx„kÆ;V|óg~ÆÁÜX�ZrVä|óg~~ÂZiyÐ»x1@*�ZŠ!eÝÌ‡ìgìZzgz{ZL<ÃÃÌgBX6,*P#ÛÅ§bi0+ÏÃZq-�ÛŠÅwÐ7ÉZq-çÑ}Å¦k,¯™¹ã~7™D�X6,*PÐðhZ¬ŠBÂZkÅZzA^|óg~Åu¦Z£{yÆ;VÃWCìZzgñÑ**qàÌow�á²~Æi%}~|óg~»„ŠgkŠïgìX2+k,Z£Ôu�ágÔZzggÎZ)~œZ!VÃ**zwÅßg]~qg™DÃWD�ÔZk§bZyÆ;V

¹ãÆñç¬]Ô™ŠZgZzgczâjw»ŠZ],{{gY›ëÐŒÛd$ƒ@*Y@*ìX

�ÛZ÷~ZÞ,œ~Æz‰J-**zwÜsâ¯tZ[]c*fZCzZgŠZ]7g;É**zwógúZòfztÃ��‚bÅ§såÔÆ_.ZŠ!&]z�Š~Ñã7,,X„CÙ#UÌZL™ŠZgzVÃZyÅ

gzi%{i0+ÏÆ_.á™WÐ(,kìXZk~ZCÎazZ+Ñw�áï7™@*X1eZË-Š@{y

261

ä#U»Zq-âZKÂ[~ÜHìTÐªCÙƒ@*ì�z{!*²ZuÅ§b|ZzgÇÃ‚Bá™»eLìX

÷}Z0+gŠz¿��Zq-Šzu}ÐZµ�XZq-Ã—¤/`ÔæáÔ!*iÅÏ—6,zZi~

»ØtìXZkÆìÑ]—Zzg§iZŠZ~ñ]4©3ï GGGG»gkìXŠzu}»r|Å™h+

ZzgœZ‰ÜzZÆ»Å`Î**ìXz{gL(,}ƒzZu]6,W~ÃeZmìz{eLì��¼Ìð™}ZÐŠzu}Çîg6,Ck™ä'XXX21

**zw~#ÛAz¥wÆ_.ZL™ŠZgzVÃWÐ(,"ŠêìXT~AZy»âjwZzg¥wZy»¿0Y@*ìXz{Yg¢A»qòìZzggzââe$ÆŠZ½Š!*]Ãð~ÈäÆ‡b

Ú³^�]Ý 7Xz{{gYÁÜÃ7g~ïZzgŠ"Æˆ/ð»ñçq¯ñYä»‡båXZk¯6,**zw

~|Ô;C“ZzgÇƒ¼ŠÃW@*ìX eç]…p

#UZÞ,œ~Æ-g8ZŠ'V~ƒÐZëZŠd$åXZkä�ÛZú**zwÃF,¹Š¶~Zëä|óg~ÅgzZe$ÅãCŠeZàZÏzzÐ¬@ZŠ[ Ú³³³^�]Ýe³ç]…p ™ŠZgZŠZHìX�ÛZúZŠ[~

~ZÐ¯¹»Šgz5XZgŠzi!*yplëì�·Œj~ÆÐF,3Åßg]~t**zwZgŠz~ÌŠ![ìX

jjjjZZZZ!!!!YYYY]]]]

áW:j~Ô·ŒÔ„].h+ÔÑƒgÔ0591YÔm6 Ú^�]Ýeç]…p ÔøîÔ #U 1X

ÔáW:j~Ô·ŒÔ„].h+ÔÑƒgÔ0591YÔm071 Ú^�]Ýeç]…p ÔøîÔ #U 2X


ÔáW:j~Ô·ŒÔ„].h+ÔÑƒgÔ0591YÔm66Ô76 Ú^�]Ýeç]…p ÔøîÔ #U 4X




ÔáW:aZ£ÔÝxZZhÜ™ZcÔm99 Ê×ŠËäÒ^Þn^�aß- ÎÍÆÉ45¾æ GEY

Ô 8X

Ô„‚]g8-Ô™ZcÔ3691Ôm241 ‰j^…åm^e^�e^á j~Ô·ŒÔ 9X

361

ÔZ»ŠòZŠÒ]0*ÎyÔZsx Ú³³v³Û³‚uŠ³àÂŠ³Ó³†p,³í³’n³k]æ…Ê³à ³m,Z0ZdÔeZËÔ 01X

W!*ŠÔ7002Ôm49

ÔáW:ÃW,úŠÔeZËÔZöi{'×8-gzeÔ™ZcÔ8002YÔm851 ÚçÚo+nß‚ ñ,KVÔ 11X

ÔZ³F,¹ZgŠzÔZ¥/|Ô2691YÔm943 Ê†]ÞŠnŠo]�h {yÔ-Š@Ô 21X

461

~gZ 1 xZŠâ :g á U · Flaubert's landmark novel Madame Bovary is not just a masterpiece of French...

Documents

Transcript of ~gZ 1 xZŠâ :g á U · Flaubert's landmark novel Madame Bovary is not just a masterpiece of French...