Gx-CBI JeunJup--C1(1'llA-~tL'RroA-I'111)IA--

APRIL1961

AMERICAN SERVICEMEN invited to a Burmese village by the office of the O.A.S. rideelephants through the Burmese jungles near the village of Nanpaung, about 2Yz miles fromMogaung. U. S. Army Signal Corps photo from John O. Aalberg.

2 EX-CEl ROUNDUP

Ex-CBI ROUNDUP. establish~d 1946, is a reminiscing magazinepublished monthly except AUGUST and SEPTEMBER at 117South Third Street. Laurens. Iowa. by and for former membersof U. S. Units stationed in the China-Burma-India Theater dur-~~gth~ °CA1n: ~~r~a- ~xdi~B~ e~~~~~ulsigci~~Io~:ficial publication

Ckuence R. Gordon & Neil L. Maurer Co-Edito:s----CONTRIBUTING STAFF----

Sydney L. Greenberg __ Pho 0 EditorBoyd Sinclair __ Book Re\'iew Editor

SECOND CLASS MAIL PRIVILEGES AUTHORIZED at thePost Office at Laurens. Iowa. under act of ~farch 3, 1879.

Myitkyina Today• Cer ainly enjoyed thestary by Re\-. Tegenfeldt inFebruar. - 'ssue. Those pic,ture 0> 0 APO 218. theri \-er. R ad. are thril,'no- a"e -ears.

ROBER"" . PETIT .. 'ab- e. A.a.

Japanese-Americans• Sure glad ta read ", 'iseiHeroes" in the Februaryedition 'Of Raundup. AnyJapanese.A mer i can whaserved in CEI-and therewere quite a few-was ahero fram the beginning.He ~had more to lose ifcaptured than the rest ofus. Yet, the fine job theydid is well partrayed in thebook, "Burma Rifles."

ARNOLD PINNER,Manterey, Calif.

April, 1961

Laurens, Iowa

Vol. 15, NO.4

P. O. Box 188

SUBSCRIPTION RATE$3.00 per Year Foreign: $4.00 per Year$5.50 Two Years $7.00 Two Years

Please Report Change of Address Immediately!Direct All Correspondence to

Ex-CBI Roundup

Letter FROM The Editors• A new series 'Of articles an India, as it is in 1961,begins in this issue 'Of Ex-CBI Raundup. The articleswere written far the Denver Past by Lee Olsan, Poststaff writer, and are used through caurtesy 'Of the Pasteditars. Readers who served in India will enjay thisseries.

• We are intrigued by this manth's cover subject.The U. S. Army Signal Carps phata came ta us fromJahn O. Aalberg, whahad no infarmatian an it. Itappears ,that a Burmese village has turned out tJ makean award ta an American unit .... 'Or perhaps thelieutenant is merely making a purchase. Can anyoneidentify this picture?

• It is difficult to secure gaod articles abaut China.... bath Warld War II staries and authentic materialan China as it is today. It is for that reaSJn that somerecent issues of Raundup have been "heavier thanusual" an India. We're passing the word alang, there-[::lre, that we're laoking far gaad "China copy" farpublication in P.Gundup. We would appreciate yourhelp.

• Several readers have inquired about the possibility'Of another 'nund-the-world "Pilgrimage ta India" likethe one sponsored by Ex-CBI Raundup in 1955. Ifthere is sufficient interest, we would be glad to seewhat arrangements can be made for a secand "Pilgrim-age" .... perhaps in 1962. Let us hear from you ifyou would like t::l make the trip.• Best way for us to secure new subscribers isthrough the recommendation 'Of satisfied readers. Ifyou enjoy Roundup, tell your eEl friends about it.

OLD :'IA" . from. "epal trudgesdown a du n' road in India.Photo by Ch~rle Fram.

APRIL, 1961 3

To The Editors ------------------------

TROOP TRAIN stops at Moradabad on Way to Karachi.Photo by Louis W. Gwin.

FAMILY PICNIC DAY at Agra. India_

1365th M. P. Company• I'm just one out of lOamen from the 1365th M. P.Company. Hew about hear-ing from the rest of ycu 99.

FRITZ R. MARZ,Homestead, Iowa

and Tikak Moter Pool. I re-gret having missed thechance to meet this pulpitpersonality, builder of theMyitkyina church, but en-joyed the telephone conver-sation. It is good to knowthat his church is movingforward with many mem-bers in spite of the Com-munistic force in China, ashort distance beyond theBurma border.

BOB MAY,Neshanic Sta., N. J.

First Air Comma,ndo• Got a big kick out ofthe cover picture of yourFebruary 1961 issue, sinceI identified the plane andindividuals as belonging tothe First Air CommandoGroup. The five whitestripes, portions of whichcould be seen above theopen door, were distinctivemarkings for only thisgroup. Should you rUn thepicture again, for any pur-pose, give us a 'credit line.

R. E. MOIST,Lt. Col., USAF.Van Nuys, Calif.

, ,

to by Charles Fram.

ferry sys em near the placewhere our old pontoonbridge '-as ocated. Thosewho reca, _-amti and thesugar pIa 'a ion next tothe bridge may be interest-ed to know i is now in fulloperatic . The railrcad sid-ing is being used to trans-port sugar from the newfactory a' has been builtthere s'nce he war. We hadour shop on hat plantationback in 194-1. Also, we wereset up ex to the Warazupbridoe efore moving on to_-am i. The old bridge wasdes royed. I believe he saidin 1 :. and has been re-place with a new one. Weco\'ered many miles duringhe course of conversation,

a I he way back to Ledo

Myitkyina Today• W:mder3 never cea efCT a veteran of 3402ndM.A.M. Co. who has coveredthe pages of Roundup forat least 10 years! It wasSaturday night, Feb. 11,Shortly after I received theFebruary issue, that theRev. Martin England (aformer Baptist missionarywho built the RobertsMemcrial Baptist Church inBhamo, Burma) called meon the phone and invited.me to Sunday dinner. Hewanted me to meet his dis-tinguished guest, the Rev.H. G. Tegenfeldt ("KachinsGo West-and Up!" inFebruary 1961 issue), butunfortunately I had anotherengagement for dinner thatday. Nevertheless, I wasprivileged to talk with theRev. Mr. Tegenfeldt on thephone and found him to benot only a capable writerbut also a most interestingconversationalist. He sta edthat Christianitv is on heincrease in Bur.ma, and RedChina, thus far, ha showno sign 'Of violence. The\-come across the border andreturn again without dis-turbance, as their main in-terest is presently centeredar::und Laos. The only air-s~rip now in use at Myitk-yma is the south stripwhere we had our head-quarters. They had figuredon building a suspensionbridge across the Irawaddy~JUt it was too costly a pro:Ject so they are using a

4 EX-CBI ROUNDUP

--------------------- __ To The Editors

TRAVELERS at railway station in India, many of them carry-ing their baggage on their heads. Photo by Louis \\7. Gwin.

CBI Contacts• Your February issue .cfRoundup asked for letters,so herewith one I've beenmeaning to write for sometime. Since being in Hon-olulu and 'other parts of thePacific I've run into ornoted items about variousCBIers. I always tell the.mabout Roundup. A goodfriend of mine and localnewspaper man is JohnRamsey, who I believe waswith the. 12th Service Graupin southeast China. On acouple trips to Eniwetok Ihave been in campany witha couple of ex-CBIers whowork for the Pacific MissileRange. They are JohnBeaver, a giant of a ,man,who was with the MPs onthe Ledo Road, and GeorgeMcCulley, a fighter pilot inChina. An old friend nowan American citizen andresident of Honolulu isFook On (Joe) Yap-he wasa civilian interpreter andengineer with us at 4thEng i nee r District andNorthern Engineer Head-quarters in Peishiyi, Ohina,and at Engineer District 2Headquarters in Chengtu.He is now employed by alocal engineering firm.About a year ago the CO ofHickam AFB and a fellow

church member was Gener-al Preuss, another CBIer.Also at Hickam about ayear ago was a formerHump jockey, Capt. CarlOpitz. At Pearl Harberwhere I work, Otis Albright,head of the civil branch ofthe engineering division ofthe District Public WorksOffice was an officer in ,oneof the military missions toChina. Also head of theFuel Supply Depot is MelMiller, who was a fuelsupply officer in Calcuttaenvirons (has some realgood tales about HastingsMill, etc.). The January

1961 issue of Civil Engineer-ing magazine has a pictureof Brig. Gen. A. W. Betts,speaker at an AmericanSociety of Civil Engineersluncheon in Kansas City.I'.m sure General Betts wasa colonel in 14th Air ForceHeadquarters in Kunmingin 1945. I was interested tosee the photos by DonTratchel of Newton, Iowa,in recent, issues. We weretogether in Co. A, 1875thEngr. Avn. Bn. in India andBurma.

JAMES W. BOWMAN,Honolulu, Hawaii

SHIPS ON THE C. B. 1. RUN ... No. 5 in a SeriesAnchored in Calcutta harbor, the U.S.S. General H. F. Hodges is shown here ready to load

U. S. personnel returning home in October 1945. Photo by Nick Katsaras.

APRIL, 1961 5

CBI Veteran Makes Presentation

300 Pie(es of Carved IvoryA collection of carved ivory valued

conservatively at $4,00o-started in Indiaduring World War II-was presented reocently by a CBI veteran to the publiclibrary in his old home town of C::lum.bus, Kans.

The donor is Fred T. Evans of CrownPoint, Ind. A World War I veteran andlongtime railroad man, he sen'ed in Indiaas a staff sergeant in a rail\\"ay operat.ing battalion of the U. S. Army. He wasgeneral yardmaster at a station about280 miles fnm Calcutta.

Start of the collec i:m wa - a i\'o;"\"bracelet Evans purchased for his w'fe.As he held the ornament in hi hand'and ran his fingers o\"er the mooth.grained undersurface and the intricatecarving, he was amazed at its beauty,At that moment he became a collectorof one of the most ancient and unusualforms of carving known to man.

Paleontologists have unearthed manyspecimens of ,man's early attempts tocarve useful or beautiful objects fromthe tusks of mastodons. The Greeks and

Romans were carving ivory 16 centuriesbefore Christ and ivory is mentioned inthe Bible as being used in the decorat.ing of King Solomon's temple.

The Evans c:JUection grew from onebracelet in 1943 to more than 300 pieces,ranging from infinitesimal carved ele.phants to stately temples housingsmooth, inscrutable Buddhas. It is nowthought to be the only one 'of its size inthe ccuntry.

Last year Evans was back in Columbus,Kans., visiting friends, when his collec.tion became the subject of discussion.~omeone suggested that it would makea fine gift to his home town, if the timee\'er came when he decided to give uphis hobby. Evans went home, thoughtthe suggestion over, and notified theboard members of the Columbus PublicLibrary that he was willing to give themhis collection if they wanted. The answerwas an emphatic "yes."

At the time of the presentation, theivory collection was the subject of afeature article in the Lake County Star,

LOOKING OVER the large collection of ivory, result of 16 years of collecting, are Fred T.Evans and his son, Fred Jr., of Crown Point, Ind.

6 Ex.eBI ROUNDUP

____________________ 300 Pieces of Carved Ivory

publis'hed at Crawn Paint. Fallowing isa partian af that article, written by RuthArmstrong, which describes many af thepieces which may nOW be seen at theCalumbus library:

"His first acquisitian in ivary was abracelet carved fro.m an elephant's tusk,the circlet embellished an the tip sidewith a cantinuous parade of elephantswalking trunk to. tail araund it. As heshawed this he smilingly cammentedthat anly Republicans cauld wear suchan arnament. The next piece acquiredwas a pair of salt and pepper shakers,squat little containers 'Carved fram asingle piece, af course, with screwtapsand perfaratians sized far their can tents.Each tap was shaped into. a latus flawer.a matif much used in the arts af theEast. It was here that Fred interjectedthat the best method af cleaning ivory isto. wash it in mild warm saapsuds anddry it thoroughly afterward. A dark cup-baard is the ideal place far staring ivarytreasures between shawings, he added.

"Outstanding pieces amang the morethan 300 (Fred doesn't knaw h:>w manv'he has given to friends during thaseyears) that he showed as a sart of fare-well gesture befare he taak the.-'Tlto hishome tawn were varied and delightfulto. laok at and to. tauch. A \'a.:;:e. formedfram the part af a tusk \,-here i fi tedinto. the elephant's jaw was \-ery old,Fred infarmed us; it wa canoed withan Egyptian motif. two s y 'zed ibisessharing a fish, each bird perched on oneleg with the other folded again t thebady.

"Fred tald that, although most of hiscallection came fro.m India. he ivoryitself is largely from Africa. ince Indianelephants have very scant and inferiartusks. The elephant as a symbol marksthe piece as a praduct af India, just asthe dragan de nates China and fish orfishing scenes signify Japan.

"Miniature flawer pots holding tinynarcissus plants, camplete with leaves,buds and a bit af the bulb shawingthraugh the calared earth af the pot wereso. real as to. be unbelievable until onetauched them and there were atherflower repraductians equally exact andlifelike. Riding crops, we learned. aremade with the grain and so. remain veryflexible. They usually have elabaratelycarved handles, the entire crop beingfrJom ane piece af ivary, af 'Caurse.

"Small scenes maunted an teak or rose-wood depicted many facets af Orientalar far-Eastern life and an autstandingane, to. me, showed a fakir seated cross-legged befare a waven basket beside acabra with hood spread; anather aChinese junk with crew and passengers,

APRIL, 1961

A BRACELET he baught in India far his wife,which started him an his ivary-hunting habby,is examined by Fred T. Evans.

the sides intricately carved and the sailsemblazoned with appropriate emblems;and encased in tinted replicas af suchfruits as bananas, ta~gerines and thelike were numerous scenes af Japaneselife; tiny farmers tilling the sail withprimitive implements, fishermen dryingar mending their nets, wamen tendingtheir children, all carved to. an unbeliev-ably small and astanishingly accuratescale.

"There was a replica af a pagada-shaped wayside shrine hausing a Buddhabehind mavable daarscarved in infinitedetail; there was a cart being pulled bytwa of the sacred caws af India, drivenby a native, with wispy beard andgnarled hands, and a plawman usingthe same sort af cattle, was carefullycarved. There was a carving af St. Geargeand the dragan-the dragan a salid massof the mast elabarate carving, same inmere hair-lines but each adding some-thing to. the finished preduct.

"There was an elephant bridcre. anareh af heavy ivary with elephant afgradually decreasing size mar~hing overit . . . . there was a stile a wi h thehandle shaped int:> a dcg's head _ ...there was a lamp with wooden base andhallaw chimney carved en irely withfull blawn rases, tiny rabbit~ se into.the base far feet. There \\-ere holdersfilled with small cocktail picks arrangedinto. fan shape and there were elabarate-

7

300 Pieces of Carved Ivory _

ly carved back-sc:atchers f:l'r the lighttouch. There were carved fans where eachrib. paper thin. was so intricately carvedas to resemble nothing So much asstarched lace.

"The Devil's work ball was formedfrom one piece of ivory, as indeed, m::-tof Fred's collection pieces were. Thiswas comprised ef eight balls, each mov-able within the one just larger and try-ing to picture how it was executedsimply staggered the imagination: Fredtold us that this piece was de\'e oped inthe 12th century and has been producedby each succeeding generation e\-er since.The outer ball was comple e - co\'eredby a writhing dragon and 'he .' ner ballswere carved with separa e . err._ equallyoomplicated.

"There were many things to appealto many tastes and all were exquisite;a:1 opened chrysanthemum so lifelikethat one expected the petals to move asone touched them; this was to bemounted against black velvet to set offthe beautiful detail, could serve as awall plaque of distinction.

"We saw an ivory baton similar to oneFred had given his distinguished brotherMerle, now retired, but then the band.master of the Ringling Br.others famedcircus band.

"Altogether, if one examined each item,the display could have consumed manyhems. As it was, two or three slipped byvery quickly as we said 'Hail and Fare.well' to a beautiful collection.

-THE END

The Co-Pilot's LamentI am the co-pilo . who sits on the right,

Always prepared 0 be quick and bright.I never talk bac -. for I'd have regrets-

And always remember what the pilot forgets. •

make ou he night plan, get briefed on the weather,Pull up he gear and stand by to feather,

Call Charlie Roger and do the reportingAnd fly he old crate while the pilot is courting.

take all he readings, adjust PrJps and power,Turn en he eaters when we're in a shower,

Tell where \'e are in the blackest of nightAnd do a . e bookwork without any light.

cal. 'r e pilot and buy all his cokes,Go in' .' 'erics at his corny old jokes.

And once i a \'v'hile when 'his landings are rustyDiscree " ound off with, "Gee, ain't it gusty?"

Considering all. I'm a general stoogeAs I sit 0 he right of this wonderful Scrooge.

But maybe :>me day with profound understandingHe'll soften a bit and give me a landing.

By EARL A. HARRIS, JR.February, 1945

8 EX.CBI ROUNDUP

Indians Are Grumbling About It

New Delhi in WinterBy PAUL GRIMES

Reprinted from The New York Times

NEW DELHI, India, Jan. 13-This iswhat New Delhi calls winter, and theIndians are grumbling about it.

It is different from winter in New York.On one of the coolest days recently theminimum temperature was 41 degreesand the maximum 72. That was can,sidered frigid enough for a newspaperheadline to proclaim: "Icy Winds SweepCity; Capital Gripped by Cald \\'a\'e:'The reason for the discomfort is thatIndians of the northern plains are notaccustomed to even such a winter asthis. They are much more familiar withthe incessantly broiling sun. whichpushes the daytime temperature ab:JVe100 degrees for eight months a year.

Indians complain about the 100, thetorrid gusts of wind that sweep cloudsof dust across the plains in . lay andJune. They long for winter, but whenit ~o.mes they are sorry.

To the American tourist, winter inNew Delhi is ideal, the only time of theyear here he can see the sigh in com,fort. A light topcoat for himself and astole for his wife, and an electric heaterand a couple of blankets in a hotel room,provide warmth at night.

Even if an Indian can afford anelectric heater (prices soar as tempera,tures dip), he probably has not beenallocated enough electricity in thispowershort capital to use it, He can buywood and coal and kerosene. but theycost so much on the sparsely vegetatedplains that he must conserve them pri,marily for cooking.

No houses, not even those of the rich,have central heating. The nighttime chillclings to the stone and plaster walls,SJ' that at midday it often is considerablywarmer outside than in.

•If the middle-class New Delhi walla(resident) is lucky, he may 'have a hand-me-down wool jacket or an olive drabarmy overcoat. But more often than nothe must depend on several layers of thincottan, a sweater and a long scarf orlength of turban cloth that he wrapsabout his neck and face, leaving onlyhis nose and eyes bare.

The jackals, too, are cold and thecapital abounds in them. In warmweather they remain in the distant out,skirts, but on winter nights their howlingchoruses can be heard downtown.

APRIL, 1961

They present a formidable traffic'hazard, particularly for the increasingnumber of pe _ s who have boughtmotor scooters. l' .s \'eek he newspaperThe Statesman re r'ed' at an early,morning scoo er . - er ad co lided witha jackal, killing ., a, d . , ring himself.

As win er pr cre'::3e_ '. e b _' 'ng ociallife of . 'e\\' De i gains !TIO .en urn. Inmany wa .~ i re emble ha' of \\'ash,ing on. 'or i re\'olves around a na ionalGo\'emmen.

It is a social life of many concentriccircles-from the diplomatic corps andhighest Indian officials who are closestto the center to the menial workersfarthest away.

Top, drawer society 'has its cocktailparties, receptions, musical soirees andfor,mal dinners, sometimes three or fourevents a person a night. What PrimeMinister Jawaharlal Nehru said, what hedidn't say, and why he did or didn'tsay it-this a staple topic.

The thousands of Government .clerks,meanwhile, scurry from the office ontheir bicycles to collect with friends andrelatives. They eat sweetmeats and ex,change the latest jokes"listen to recordedsongs from Hindi-language films, com-plain about the boss' temper or worryabout paying for the coming wedding ofa daughter or sister.

Students flock to the coffee 'houses tosip espresso, smoke and gossip. Suddenlya boy falls silent as a girl enters-a girlwhom he admires but whom, because ofIndian social barriers, he dare not askfor a date.

The chaprassis (messengers), coolies,scavengers and servants of the richhuddle in groups about small pots ofsimmering coal in front of their quarters,often mud 'huts. They smoke a long-ste.mmed hookah or exchange betel nutand the rough cigarettes that they callbidis. They tell their tales of woe andspeculate on whether the next incarna-tion will be better than this one.

This is New Delhi in winter-no snow.no ice, but a time of chilling -empera-tures that seem So much more conduc,tive to activity than the long. enervatingsummer. This is the time for banter,plans and dreams.

In spirit these are the warm days. thedays of hope and prayer- ha he sum-mer will not scorch the crop and raisefood prices, that the rains will arriveearly, that harsh, empty days do not lieahead. -THE END

9

New Nation Facing Struggle for Life

This Is India • 1961India, one of the great Itations of the non-

Communist world, is struggling for economicindependence. It is doing so through a series ofambitious five year plaits. To get a picture 0India today, as well as its prospects or thefuture, Deltver Post Staff jJ7riter Lee Odontoured India recelttl)'. Here is the firSl C' hisseries of reports:

By LEE OLSONDenver Post Staff Wri er

(First in a series.)

NEW DELHI, India.- \ e arriveby air at Palam In erna '0 a Airporthere you do not step immed'a-e y intoIndia as most of the world kno " '.

Palam is modern. It jet_ are as noisyas those anywhere else and iL e p oyesperform the routine tasks im d bythe modern world of air travel.

But on the way to the city. in a carwith its steering wheelan the riah forleft, hand driving, since India h _ rongBritish traditions, you meet your firstbullock cart.

Then you begin to enter In "a.Everywhere you travel in his great sub-

continent, you will see the "0. ,'heeledcart. Usually it is pulled by the off.white,humpbacked cattle of India. 0 en it istowed and pushed by s a'ni a. thin-legged men.

This contrast of old and e \' i every-where in India. New De i. India'scapital, is beautifully mode . Its com-plexes of pink sandstone o\'ernmentbuildings are airily set apar by parks,fountains and breathtaking esplanades.

Adjoining New Delhi is Old Delhi.Once you pass through he a cient Delhigate you're again in he As:an w::Jrld ofbazaars, mosques and s ree s jam.packedwith milling human' Y. Old Delhi hasbeen the seat of rule for au ocratic con-querors for same 3.000 year.

Today a different type of ruler is incommand: the modern.minded politi.cians and civil servants wh:> took overIndia from the British in 19-17.

•IN THE tradition of Mahatma Gandhi

and others who fought for freedom. thisgovernment is operating along the linesof democracy. It also is using the to:>ls ofsocial planning and forced.draft indus-trialization to bring India up to date.

One senses an urgency about it. Inmany ways India is in a desperate race:

10

With the bullies of Red China, for theleadership of Asia. With its own papula-tion, which now stands at 400 million andseems certain to climb alarmingly. Andwith that stern rule of politics, whichsays incumbents must give a full mea,sure of perfor,mance or lose at the polls,perhaps to Carnmunists.

But the old India dies hard. It's sovast, so stoical in its Hinduis.m thatmodernity seems at times to be onlynibbling at its periphery. The old waysalso can be deceptive.

One morning in South India the writerhad walked to a small village from agovernment guest house, in companywith two Indian vfficials. The officialshad to wait for a phone call from Delhi1,000 miles away, so they suggested Itake a guide back to the guest house.

The alert, neatly clad village boy whovolunteered as guide said he spokeEnglish and that his name was Mani. Iwelcomed the chance to talk to him. Aswe hiked along the beach I eagerlyquizzed him about village life, his school-ing and family.

•IT BECAME quickly apparent that 14,

year-old Mani was a bteggar."No father. No mother. No job. Sister

sick." He whined the phrases over andover. He had learned them by rote, beg.ging from tourists who visit the greatshrine of Mahabalipuram, located in andabout his village.

Begging doubtless will be his life-atleast until something better is provided.

For manv millions <Jfsuch Indian~ lifeis only a little better than it was beforefreedom. To be sure, malaria has beenstamped out. The threat of famine hasbeen alleviated, partly because of U. S.aid. Transportation is much improved.

But in the key fields of education, jabsand agriculture, especially when they areconsidered from the mass standpoint,there is vast need.

It would be difficult, however, to saythat this is a failing of the CongressParty administration, headed by PrimeMinister Jawaharlal Nehru, which hashad a fairly secure grip on governmentin India since 1947.

In the first place, the job is so big.Twelve states the size of Colorado couldbe placed within the borders of India.

Ex-eBI ROUNDUP

--------------------_This Is India in 1961

OBSERVATORY at Delhi, India, i aid tobe about 300 years old. Photo by Du hyant V.Patel.

Climate ranges from the ropical uthto the cold fastness of the Hima ayas.

The people of India are dh'e e, wor-shiping in different ways and peakingdifferent languages and dialect (onemember 'Of Parliament from a remotedistrict found he could unde _tand onlyhimself when he arrived in . 'ew Delhi).

There is, thus, a hidden politicaldisunity that calls constantly for thewisest political decision making in NewDelhi.

•TO THIS must be added the fact that

most of the industrial rev:>lution missedIndia completely. The effect L omethinglike taking Europe at the end of the 18thcentury and determining to compress thenext 150 years of history into 20 years.

To do the job, the Indian gwernmenthas launched a series of five-year plans.The first, which ended in 1956. washighly successful. The second waslarger but has been hampered by poorcropping years and by heavy drains onthe country's finances.

The third plan will start April 1. Muchdepends on its success, because officialsare planning boldly On reaching all theirmajor goals by 1970,

Prime Minister Nehru, the inheritor ofGandhi's mantle as India's leader, is

APRIL, 1961

confident his government is well on theway toward modernity.

India's problem, he said, is the same asthat faced by most of the world: Balanc.ing socializing forces, demanded by can.ditions, with the freedom that all menwant.

"Broadly _peaking. we want to equalizethe country' wea :' he said. "To keepthe rich from e"i. 'cher. To preventtrusts, and t r -- e 0 or uni ies."

•The prL'11e m- 's'er be 'ee- 'ha \'il-lager_ aspi e '0 be'e '.' ~s - pet. ofIndia'_ po la 'on i- ra".

"There' quite en:>ugh aspira 'on." heaid. "Large numbers of peop e are de-

manding progress-lights, power and in-dustry."

Despite the heavy burdens of payingfor machinery, for instituting social reoforms and for agricultural improvement,Nehru is confident that, with the 'help ofother nations of the world, India can soonreach its goals.

"No country can be isolated," he said."But I think we can soon stand on ourown feet with regard to development."

NEXT: India's cities.-THE END

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Ex-CBI RoundupP. O. Box 188 Laurens. Iowa

11

Medical Officer Tells of Siege

The Defense of Nhpum CiaBy BERNARD ROGOFF. M.D.

EDITOR'S NOTE: This article was origin-ally written for a hospital Prriodical, at the re-quest of associates who found the flame of MalarRogoff in the book, "The Marauders," by Charl-ton Ogbum Jr. This was the story of Merril;sMarauders (s307th Composite Unit, Prot isiOJ'uI)of the U.S. Army in Burma in 1943 and 19~ .

Major Rogoff was mentioned on pa, .99 .;the book, in an account a lh.of the Second Bat t a I ionMarauders which had marched Scl,~.miles around the Japanese lind ~ ., Mtthe supply line far behind Ja a __ -C" ~$/!

front in the north. Th Ja a .;_1to bring heal'y reinfor e < :J M rflanking action and th S. ~ Jj .withdratl'n (fighting th u bo.ethe trail. p:Jralleling the mam • .••.• ~ _vent the flanking mOl'emen:. A ,r •.rowing days the battalion u as ord. ,~ ,aa small Idlage and pret'ent furth r ~the Japanese. A defetlsit,e role :Jt this ~ bno time to prepare anything but foxho;, eof terrible hardship and heroism.

It was bound to happen. IOU ca . ex.pect an outfit to engage in one d~ O'er.ous encounter after anothe ,- houtfinally paying for it. We a, e v itbut it seemed as if the U.S. Arm_' 'dn'tOr maybe they did. And thi~ w ow itwas supposed to be. Only la er 'd welearn that we were totally expendable.

By the end of March 194-1.,\ e ad al-ready been in the Burma u e fortwo months. The se\'era a -or andmore numerous minor engageme - hadtaken their toll. Fatigue and ex a ~tionwere imprinted in the bodie a d ~piritsof the men. We had ju p eted afast end run to the Kama:n_ P.oad where,although we were unsucee.::". in set,ting up a road bloc '. \'e ca e to closegrips with the e e y a practicallydecimated their ran -". B" \'e were al-ways being pu-hed. 'e \'ere being toldthat fresh enemy troop \'ere closing inon us. The impulse was 0 ~ay "The hellwith it" and lie down and re_ . But fearoverwhelmed us. Again \'e ad 0 walkand retreat into the hill. \\'e jokedhow our retreats were alwa\'~ \'ictorious.Someone consistently wanted to retreatright back home.

On March 28, 1944, after being shelledon the trail, we were finally pinneddown by the enemy on a small area ontop of a hill. Mention Nhpum Ga, thishill tap village, to members of B Bat-talion of Merrill's Marauders and you

12

will evoke a conditioned reflex of fearassociated with retching. It was here wewere surrounded for two weeks andfought for our 'lives. We were ordered tohold this position and not retreat. Abreakthrough by the enemy wouldhave opened to attack ,the flank of Stil-well's Chinese Army.

The first day on the hill was relative,ly quiet. We profited by organizing andstrengthening our defenses. I had placedthe medical aid station at the far sideof the hi'll on the downslope close tothe water hole. This was also near thetrail going north where six miles awaya detachment of our own unit was sta,tioned. We were to transport our wound,ed to them by litter and they, in turn,had prepared an air strip for evacuationplanes.

The medical station revolved arounda large 5'heltered fox hole where I keptmy headquarters. Radiating out weresmaller ones where we had to keep thewounded. Eventually, there were aboutseventy wounded in foxholes. We werefortunate in having a detachment ofeight Chinese soldiers and one officerwith us. Originally they were sent tohelp us distinguish between friendly andenemy oriental troops. After they madesevera'l mistakes and casualties 'wereincurred, the group. and its officer wasassigned to the medical detachment. Ifound them cooperative and pleasant.They were expert at digging foxholesand shelters. Some corporal remarkedthat on a 10 minute break they coulddig holes right through to China, butthen of course it wasn't China-it hadto be America. They were invaluableto us on the hill.

It soon became apparent how seriousour situation was. The entire outfit wasexhausted from marching over diHicultterrain, malnutrition, and inadequaterest.

It was difficult under these circum,stances to evaluate the extent of diseasein the battalion. Fevers were common.Many were caused . by malaria. Ap-parently the prophylaxis of atabrine wasno longer effective. We were using largequantities of quinine. Dysentery waswide spread. Much of it was of amebicorigin. Contact with native inhabitantsin Assam and North Burma exposed usto infection. With fatigue, the troops be'came more careless in chlorinating thedrinking water. Only when we reachedthe mountain tops and found springsof fresh water could we drink withoutfear and without the persistent taste of

EX,CBI ROUNDUP

-----------------_The DefenseofNhpumGachlorine. How goodly is a swallow offresh cool water!

We were becoming aware of peculiarfever syndromes. These were unrespon-sive to quinine or aspirin and often as-sociated with mental symptoms. Thesecases became prominent after we occu-pied positions previously held by theJapanese. At first we called these cases-cerebral malaria. But we subsequentlylearned they were actually scrub ty.phus-tsutsugamshi fever.

One consolation of being pinned downwas that we no longer had to walk. Theperimeter was made up of two manfoxholes. One man was allowed to sleepwhile the other remained on the alert.Our greatest fear was of an infiltratingnight attack. The reaction time of themen was noticeably impaired. A breakthrough of our perimeter, especially atnight, would have caused confusionand panic and would have been a dis.aster for us. One night a small pigwandered close to the perimeter. Thefiring that this precipitated was nerveracking. We sat in our foxholes waitingto be slaughtered at any minute. I recallthe great problem facing me at that mo-ment was whether I wanted to die withmy shoes on 'Or off. In the morn'ng ittook an autopsy with micr05ropic ec-tions to identify the unfor unate pig.

The jungles of Burma '-ere di-ap-pointing to me in some respec' . I hadanticipated the thick impene rable veg-etation. I could e,'en accep he leeches.Every hour at the 10 minu e break wehad to inspect each o. er and removethe leeches already swollen with bloodfrom our bodies. The mule required thesame care and as \\'e tended to themtheir sad, stoic faces eemed to showgratitude. I onCe tried to e imate h:JWmany gallons of human and mule bloodwere lost in our battalion due to leeches.But I couldn't accept the ab ence offruit and food in the jungle. I hadplanned this as supplemental nutritionhaving been influenced by the presenceof 'luscious fruits in the Caribbean for.ests. During months of walking andcovering about 900 miles. I recall onlyonce eating a few scrawny. tastelessdates. Too bad we couldn't eat wildorchids which were beautiful and plenti-ful in these forests. No citrus fruits. nobananas, no mangoes nor avocados. Ilooked for bamboo sprouts. Cooked withrice, I felt this would be a delicacy fitfor any of the chop suey joints I fre.quented in New York City. But this toodid not come to pass. And so week afterweek we trudged on eating a box rationfor each meal. Some times we were un.able to warm our food. The taste of cold,slimy, greasy, compressed ham and eggsstill lingers, many years later.

APRIL, 1961

Dazed, exhausted, discouraged, thebattalion had to withstand the numer-ous thrusts of the Japanese who attackedwherever and whenever they wanted.Morale was low that second day as wewere receh-ing an air drop of ammuni-tion and food. How everyone on theground em'ied hose in the planes whoin a few hours "ould be back safe andsecure at he rear ec elan: Suddenly alieutenan '-e ed au' "_ ,. God! lookwhat he" -- s-'rie -chicken." Ina shor iine e -eryo e '-a - gh'en a por-tion of c. 'c -e and ap e fri -e . Fox-hole budd'e_ sa huddled oge her en.joyi he fea -alway ,i h one eyeon he perimeter. Everybody per 'ed up.There was more food than we couldconsume.

Apparently the word was relayed tothe bases in the rear that an Americanbattalion was pinned down. Of themany thousands of GI's in India, thesethree 'battalions of about 2,400 men werethe sole infantry combat troops in Asia.Their exploits were followed with greatinterest by the non-combatant troops.There was an undefinable tie betweenthem. So it followed that the cooks andtheir assistants stayed up all night toprepare the chicken and fritters for us.

And for us-there was nothing to dobut sit and eat. No hurrying, no march-ing. We weren't going anywhere. Therewas a warmth of satisfaction in ourbellies-a peculiar type of local security.We all nodded in consent "A goadbunch of 'Joes-back there." Naturallysomeone had to mention the Last Sup-per, fattening the goose before the kill,etc.

The following day, the enemy .made aconcentrated attack, surrounded us com-'pletely, and captured our water hole, arunning spray of fresh water. Our cas-ualties were high. We were suddenlyfaced with a water shortage. Our alter.nate water supply came from severalmuddy stagnant pools. We were obligedto ration even this water-one half acup a day per man. Several mules hadbeen hit and were lying close to thewater supply. They were beginning todecompose. I ordered everyone to boilthe water. I remember demonstratingto the sick and wounded how to makeinstant coffee. After boiling the waterfor five minutes, I poured in the instantcoffee. Several of the men snickered.The water had not changed color-hav-ing been as dark before a af er he ad-dition of the coffee. There were dozensof patients taking sulfadiaz'ne- he onlyantibiotic available to u a ha time.I was afraid of the renal damage thatcould occur with inadequa e fluid in-take. We had to leave the fracture with-out plaster casts.

13

The Defense of Nhpum Ga _

For two days we managed with thefilthy stinking water. The situation wasbecoming worse. More mules and horseswere being shot. Eventually, 112 animalswere killed and fell within the perimeterwhich was about 400 yards in circum,ference and from 100 to 250 yards wide.Added to this the hurriedly, incompletelyburied excreta of 600 s$lldiers-many ofwhom had bloody diarrhea. The stenchwas overpowering. No wonder at the endof the siege this was called Maggot HillOnly after the application of 500 poundsof calcium chloride and the use of flamethrowers, were the Chinese troops ableto take over our positions.

By the third day, with limited wa errations, the situation was despera'e,Colonel McGee, the commanding of icer.and I sat together to try 0 rguoeo'something of help. We had a 0 -5wounded in foxholes- a y nee inplaster cast-. ~udde ly T though of"manna from hea\'en" and I asked theColonel if we could wire for a waterdrop. Within a few hours we receivedclear, clean water in 500 gallon plasticbags.

After a few days we began to noticesome regularity in the enemy plan ofattack. At 7 each morning the Japaneseheavy artillery piece would open upwith about 15,20 rounds. Then the in,fantry would try a portion of ,the peri.meter and if unsuccessful they wouldretire. There would then be an intervalof quiet and we would crawl out of ourholes and 'attend to the sick and wound.ed. During the dawn attack one day, asoldier was hit in the abdomen by shrap'nel. His 'bowel had eviscerated butappeared to be intact. We gave himplasma and under open drop etheranesthesia, rep air e d his abdominalwounds. We all agreed how lucky hewas that a bowel repair was not need,ed. Within 24 hours he died, havingaspirated some of his gastric contents.It was then I ordered that no one wasto eat breakfast until after the morn,ing attack.-this was the business ofthe day.

The Japanese were so clo e to us theyknew what was happening most 'Of thetime. They often called out the namesof our ranking officers. especially atnight. A reply would draw accurate fire.McGee, the name of our C.O., sure sound.ed 'peculiar with a Japanese intonation.They were full of tricks. One morning

. the usual attack did not take place until11 o'clock. By this time, most of us wereinsensible from anxiety and hunger. Thefirst boom of the cannon was like a chowbeH for many.

The days dragged on. We becamemore discouraged. 'Every day men died.The aid station was crowded. The peri,

14

meter now bordered on the medical sta,tion. Some of the less seriously woundedwere placed on the perimeter defense.More and more animals were fallingaround us. The Japanese were now un.able to evacuate and bury all theirdead-the bodies were decomposing. Noone needed to say how impossible thesituation was. So when Horace Gardner,one of the medical officers with me, reomarked that we would never get offthis hill-I jumped at the chance to betwi h him-two dinners at the Colony in. 'ew York. As things became Worse, I\'ould remind Gardner to save his moneyand we \\'ould discuss in detail all thee icurean dishes we would order at theCo any. Our ci\'ilian luck-we could not°e '0 he Colony and had to be satis.red \,' h "21."

I became more difficult to remain op,imistic. I couldn't believe this was the

end. I wired back for reading materialfor the wounded who were lying all dayin the foxholes-listening to the firingof all types of weapons-trying to fig.ure out who was getting it now. Wemade rounds at least twice a day-oftenthis had to be done crawling frompatient to patient so as not to exposeourselves. I always made the same reomark: "Tomorrow, fellows, we're out ofhere and you'll be between clean, crispsheets, in a hospital, attended by prettynurses." This eventually produced a hostof cynical replies all'having to do withfecal matter.

The reading material was dropped tous finally. The following are some ofthe titles of books we received for di,versional reading at the front. "Mon,sters in Art"-in French; "Use of thePlow"-in Spanish; Textbook in Arith.metic; Bruges' "La Morte"; The Psycho.logy of the Combat Soldier"; and to topit all off-an outmoded text on officegynecology. 'It was revealing to learnwhere all the discarded books of theworld went.

Meanwhile the casualties were mount.ing. Being the senior medical officer, Idelegated the care of wounded to thethree other officers. However, whenmany casualties arrived at once, I wasobliged to take my share. At the end ofthe siege, to my surprise, I had thecredit of having done among manyother 'procedures an eye enucleation, anda bilateral amputation above the ankle.BGth soldiers survived. Years later,when I met the one eyed sergeant, Icould not face him-I had told him onthe hill that his difficulty was only ascratch on the cornea, requiring a blackpatch. He good naturedly reminded meof what I said and only then told methat he was aware from the first thathis eye was shattered. -THE END

EX,CEl ROUNDUP

News dispatches from recent issuesof The Calcutta Statesman

CALCUTTA-Nine people were killedand 30 injured recently when a car ranover a pedestrian on Lower Chitpur Roadand then ploughed through the thickcrowd on the narrow road. A furious mobof not less than 5,000 chased the car andset it ablaze. The driver, who tried toescape, was seriously injured.

RAIPUR- The village kotwal of Ten-dubhata, in Dhrug District, was killed bya bear while he was on his way to an-other village for census work. The kotwalclimbed a tree in panic, but the animalfollowed 'him and mauled him to death.

DARJEELING-For decades many be.lieved a cave in Observatory Hill extend.ed 40 miles through the Himalayas toTibet. Two Australian spelunkers enteredthe cave recently and found it only 50feet deep.

BANGALORE-Seven tigers are report-ed to have died in Shimoga forest, nearhere, after they had eaten the carcass ofa cow believed to have been sprayed byforest rangers with disinfectants.

CHITTA GONG-The cyclone which hitEast Pakistan last October killed 14,174people, according to an official reportreleased recently. Chittagong districtbore the brunt of the cyclone-whichwas accompanied by a tidal wave-and9,000 people died there.

NEW DELHI-Despite an unexpected-ly fast growth of population, the annualper capita income 'has increased 20 percent in a decade and has now crossedthe Rs 300 mark. The national income isstill among the lowest in the world. Butthe fact remains that at constant prices,an average Indian earns Rs 50 moreevery year than he did a decade ago.

KARACHI-The police said recentlythat they had found large stocks of teato which sawdust had been added. Nowthe men who do this sort of thing havegone one better: huge stocks of tea mixedwith cowdung were seized. Some menbelieved to' be agents of a tea firm werecaught mixing cowdung with tea leavesand putting the result through a colour.ing and drying process.

APRIL, 1961

CALCUTTA- West Bengal Governmentarchaeologists claim to have discoveredevidence to suggest that prehistoric menran small factories in the DamodarValley, near :Vlaliara (Bankura), to make.micr::Jliths. Their products included largescrapers, blades. points and awls.

NEW DELHI-The G:)Vernment of Indiahas maintained tha he consumption ofopium in India is \'ery low, as only1/1000th of the total popu a ion of 400.millions required it on medical grounds.

KARACHI-Pakistan's Ch" • A\'ia ionDepartment has completed a ne \' ru wayfor Karachi airport which L 1 .500 feetlong and 150 feet wide. Construc ion ofthe runway started in February. 19 . andwas scheduled for completion in June,1961, but was c:>mpleted six men hsahead of time. The estimated cost of herunway is Rs 4 crores.

DACCA-Modern methods of paddycultivation introduced in various develop-ment areas of East Pakistan under theaegis of the National DevelopmentOrganization, have resulted in yield in.creases averaging roughly five timesmore than that achieved by normalmethods during the recent aman season.

NEW DELHI-A 12-foot high bronzestatue of Sardar Patel is to be erected ata suitable location in New Delhi, accord.ing to a decision of the Union Govern.ment. A generally-favoured suggestion isthat it should be installed at VijayChowk, near the offices of the HomeMinistry from where the Sardar presidedover the peaceful integration of thePrincely States with the rest of India.

AMBALA-A historic peepul tree, whichhad withstood the assaults of erosion bythe Sutlej for 123 years at Rupar (AmbalaDistrict), was uprooted recently andwashed away by unprecedented winterfloods. The tree was planted to commem-orate the treaty between MaharajaRanjit Singh and Lord Bentinck, signedin April, 1838. 'It stood on the spot wherethe treaty was signed.

BOMBAY-There is a growing fear inthe minds of the cotton trade that Japan.a leading buyer of Indian cotton. maycease buying cotton from India be~au eof the way in which Japan was rea edin the allocation of the recen exportquota for Bengal deshi cotton.

NOWGONG-Eight perscn:; 'ere killedand three seriously injured \- en a ameelephant ran amuck at Khar' -hana. Theelephant remained a ar<Y~ for nyodays, creating ha\'oc. before I was kll.led by a Mikir \vith a muzzle, loader.

15

Claire lee Chennault Was leader

en on the Flying TrapezeFrom Air Force Times

For more than five years during theturbulent 30s two teams of precisionfliers carried the banner" of the Air CorpsTactical School and infant Air Corpsthroughout the U.S.

When stunt flying was still circus stuffand largely off limits to the military,they boot-iegged their flying thrills tothe crowd.

But disguised as aerial "demonstra-tion" teams, they won an importantpoint for pursuit aircraft. They laid muchof the groundwork for the type of fly-ing which was to score vital air de.tories in the next decade.

The teams were the :'olen on the FlyingTrapeze and its succes or. the -kylark-.

When the Army Air Corps wanted ademonstration team to match the Navy'sHell Divers. it chose a young fighterpilot named Claire Lee Chennault tolead it.

When Chennault picked his wing men,he used the most direct method possi.ble. The men best able to stick withhim during half an hour of frantic aero-batics got the job.

The Men on the Flying Trapeze team,was formed in 1932.

The Cleveland Plain Dealer is cred-ited with naming the popular song. Themen were Chennault, Lt. Haywood S.Hansell, Jr., S/Sgt. (Reserve Lt.) John;H.Williamson and Sgt. (Reserve Lt.) WII.liamC. McDonald.

The group was tied to the Air CorpsTactical School at Maxwell Field, Ala.,and flew the school emblem on its P-12s.The emblem is currently used by the AirUniversity at Maxwell. Chennault, thena captain, was an instructor in pursuitaviation.

Notes on the team are supplied byits surviving members. William McDon-ald, now in Birmingham. and H. S. Han-sell, of Washington. D.C_

During much of their four years offlying, "stunting" was taboo in the AirForce. Their appearance in the 1934 Na-tional Air Races was thus billed as a"demonstration."

Demonstration or stunt. the Trapezeteam did in formation virtually every-thing other pilots did solo.

Loops, slow rolls in formation and withthe complete formation, formation spins,snap rolls on top of loops ... all werepart of the act. All were original, theveterans 'Of the group believe, except theformation roll. Other Air Corps and Navyteams were reportedly tinkering with

16

this one at the time, but as far as theycan establish, theirs was first to use it.

The group flew about 50 shows andplayed to an estimated total audienceof about 500,000. The National Air Races,All-American Air Races, BirminghamAir Shows and the Atlanta Milk FundShow were among the big ones.

Their tight formation flying gave riseto the popular notion that the shipswere tied together by ropes. This theSUITh'ors staunchly deny.

The \"alue of the Flying Trapeze teamwen ,'ell beyond its public relationsa e . In the 1930s, pursuit flying was- il 'n i s infant stages and ClaireChennaul wa one of its most ablechampions.

The team gained proficiency both information and precision flying in general.Their gunnery and dive bombing abilitydeveloped to near perfection. Each ofthe members scoredfour-out-of.four withtheir bombs on various occasions.

Ironically, Chennault, who was to be-come a legend in combat flying, wasto leave the Army Soon after the Trap-eze team disbanded. In 1937, with therank of major, he was retired {or disa.bility due to a hearipg impairment.

Almost immediately he went to Chinato study the Chinese Air Force for Gen-eralissimo Chiang Kai-shek. Withinweeks, the Japanese invaded NorthChina and Chennault raised his famousFlying Tigers volunteer group.

When the U.S. entered the war, he

General Chennault

EX-CBI ROUNDUP

•

----------------- __ ,Men On The Flying Trapezetook command of the American Forcesin China. With the war's end he organ-ized what was to become the Civil AirTransport and later became its president.He died July 27, 1958. Later that year,Lake Charles AFB, La., was renamed inhis honor.

Of the other members of the team,Williamson and McDonald joined Chen-nault in China with the Flying Tigers.McDonald has since become vice-presi-dent and treasurer of Roberts and Sonin Birmingham.

Hansell became a major general, com-manding the First Bomb Wg. (later 1stAir Division) of the Eighth Air Force inEngland and later the XXI Bomber Com-mand on Guam. The command launchedB-29 attacks on Tokyo and other targetsin Japan. He is currently manager 'Ofdefense evaluation operations in the De-fense Systems Dept. of General ElectricCo.

As the men on the Flying Trapezebroke up in 1936, another team wasformed to replace them. By now, the AirCorps was definitely frowning on theidea of official stunting, but there wasnothing to prevent informal aerobatics.

The team grew out of this informalarrangement, by contest picked the nameSkylarks and toured the show circuit on"cross-country training flights."

Capt. C. D. McAllister was leader, Lt.C. E. Hughes left wing, 2nd Lt. W. W.Aring right wing and Lt. Carl Storrieannouncer.

Chennault helped to read the youngfliers in on some of the fine points ofaerial demonstration and they adoptedmany of the formations used by theTrapeze artists and added a few of theirown.

The double formation roll, the invertedflight formation and the snap roll fromthe top of a loop are probably Skylarkoriginals.

After touring Dixieland for a time,shying from publicity which could sparkAir Corps disapproval, they made anopen bid for sanction. McAllister wrotedirectly to the chief of the Air Corps,Maj. Gen. Oscar Westover, a knownchampion of a powerful air arm.

The general gave his blessing to theteam and ordered it to represent the AirCorps at the Cleveland Air Races onLabor Day, 1937. The team practiceddaily, and flew demonstrations en route.It had put in a total of some two yearsof work.

By common consent, this last show be-fore the group disbanded was the bestof the lot.

Flying unmodified P-12Ds and Es, theSkylarks flew some 5,000 miles and 200hours and played before an estimatedaudience of 500,000. Aside from a spare

APRIL, 1961

12 flown by Lieutenant Storrie, the grouptraveled alone to all but one show.

The four members of the Skylarks allrose to the rank of colonel. Two remainwith the Air Force. Colonel Hughes isnow with Depar ment of Air Science atDartmouth College. _-.H.; Colonel Aringis deputy director of personnel planning,DCS/P at Headquar e _ CSAF.

Colonel Storrie is d"rec r of flighttest and customer en-ice \"" h HavesAircraft Corp., Birmingham. A a. andColonel McAllister is at Or,ando. Fla.

The value of the team in ear . 2" animportant place for the pusui plane isimpossible to gauge. More tangib e wastheir public relations contribu ion.

BACK ISSUESPRICE 2Sc EACH

1948 1953 19580 Sept. 0 Jan. All 10

0 Mar.1949 0 May

0 July 1959o Sept. 0 Sept. , All 10o Dec. 0 Oct.0 Nov. 19600 Dec.1950 All 10

0 June0 Sept. 19540 Nov. All 12 1961

0 Jan.1951 1955 0 Feb.

0 Jan. All 12 0 Mar.0 Mar.0 May 19560 July All 120 Sept.0 Nov.

30c Ea.19520 Jan.0 Mar. 19570 May 9 Copies0 July0 Sept. (All but0 Nov. July)

•THE ROU DUP

P. O. Box 188Laurens, Iowa

17

Edited by BOYD SINCLAIR

TIBET FIGHTS FOR FREEDOM. Edited byRaja Hutheesing. Longmans, Green and Company,New York, April 1961. $4.95.

This documentary of the uprising of theTibetan people against the Chinese Com-munists at the time of the Tibetan NewYear in March 1959 has a forewordwritten by the Dalai Lama.

I'HE V ALLEY OF RUBIES. By Joseph K s-sel. Dat'id McKay Company, New York. M.uch1961. $3.95.

An account of a sojourn among dealer-in precious stones in upper Burma, wi ha treasure hunt thrown in, together withvisits to ruby and sapphire mine and tothe 'heads of these businesses.

CHINA DOCTOR. B) R.J)mond Moore.Harper and Brothers, Neu' York, April 1961.$3.95.

A biography of Dr, Harry W. Miller, anAmerican "Schweitzer" of the Orient, whobrilliantly has served his country, hisworld, and his God as a medical mission-ary in China.

GOWEN BOATS FROM BURMA. ByGordon Hall. Macrae Smith Company, Philadel.phia, iftfarch 1961. $3.75.

The story of the first American womanto set foot in Burma, Ann Judson, whosailed from Boston as a bride in 1812. Astory of fourteen tragic, perilous, andfantastic years.

THE BLACK PANTHER OF SlV ANIPALL/.By Kenneth Anderson. R.Jnd 1\lc. ".J/ly and Com.pany, Chicago, April 1961. 3.95.

An authentic and thrilling account ofjungle lore. The British author tells ofperilous big.game experiences in thewilds of India. There are good photo-graphs in this story of jungle adventure.

FIND THE BOY. By W. H. Canau'ay. TheViking Press, New York, April 1961. 3.50.

Novel of a boy who sets out, with'outmoney and without fear, to travel 5,000miles across the length of Africa to reachhis goal. An odyssey of innocent forti.tude, emotional appeal, and tension.

18

STRATEGIC L'/IR COMMAND. By MelHunter. Doubleday and Company, New York,March 1961. $4.95.

The author traveled around the globefor a flight-line, inside-the-hangar viewof the organization which stands as themost powerful deterrent to another war.Both text and photographs are vivid.

KALAHARI. By Jens Bjerre. Hill and Wang,New York. March 1961. $4.50.

Writer-scientist Bjerre shared the dailylife of s:>uthwest Africa's Kung bushmen,about whom he writes with sensitivity andunderstanding. Vivid photographs of therituals and ceremonies of these StoneAge men.

,\L-lLL1 COSVOY. By Peter Shankland andAn,h j Hunter. I'les If/ashburn, New York,M.lrc 96. -4.00.

The ense. exciting naval s1:'ory of theco \-0.' hat ran the enemy gauntlet tob JC 'aded .Ialta in the nick of time top-e\'enr i s surrender. A story of doggedresolution and unflinching courage.

JAPAN SUBDUED. By Herbert Feis. Prince.ton University Press, Princeton, April 1961.$4.75.

A review of the moral and strategicdecisi'ons ,that led to the use of the atomicbomb and the final events in Japan thatbrought surrender. This book is part ofthe author's diplomatic history of WorldWar II.

X-15 DIARY. By Richard Tregaskis. E. P.Dutton and Company, New York, Wlarch 1961.$4.95.

The tensions and triumphs of therocket plane's home base in Calirornia,lives of its test pilots, the solving oftechnical hazards, and the X-15's record-breaking penetrations of the spacefrontier.

LAST PLANE TO SHANGHAI. By RichardTrexaskis. The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Indian.apolis, April 1961. $4.50.

The author of "Guadalcanal Diary"and "X.15 Diary" wrHes a novel about aforeign correspondent .and a womanphotographer trapped by the Chinesecivil war.

MEANWHILE, BACK AT THE FRONT. ByGene L. Coon. Crown Publishers, New York,April 1961. $3.95.

This is an uproarious novel about amilitary outfit composed of misfits whomasquerade as heroes during the conflictin Korea. It's all strictly ror laughs.

EX-CBI ROUNDUP

•

----------------------_To TheEditorsBoomtown at Malir• As one who came homethrough the Malir Replace-ment Depot, I was verymuch interested in theRoundup story (Jan. issue)about "Boomtown at Malir."1\0 doub I was :me of thosemen "-0 anxious to goaboard they can hardlysound off heir ir~ namesand middle ini'ia "'."

HAROLD C. FEE,Omaha .. 'ebr.

STREET CAR in Karachi. Photo by Louis W. Gwin.

West Point Tour• Members of the GreaterNew York Basha are plan-ning to visit the UnitedStates Military Academy atWest Point, for a tour andto note a review of thecadets. Time has not beenset. A recent meeting ofthe Basha was held at thePort Arthur Chinese Restau-rant in New York's China-town. Col. John Gussak isbasha commander.

WALTER A. HEINTZ,Staten Island, N.Y.

WACs and CBI• As one veterans organ-ization to another, may weask a favor: We understandthat your group (CBl) isplanning to hold its CJn-vention here at the Shera-ton Palace at the same timeas ours (Women's ArmyCorps Veterans Associa-tion). Can you give us ashort item to the effect thatthe two conventions will beheld at the same time? Ourorganization consists ofWACs and Ex-WACs andhas national membership.Here in San Francisco wemeet monthly in the WarMemorial Auditorium, andour local membership isabout 45. We expect an out-of-state attendance of atleast 250 members, includ-ing a chartered plane-loadof 60 members en route t:)Alaska.EVE ROBERTS,Publicity Chm., WAC- VETS,San Francisco, Calif.

APRIL, 1961

Sookerting Reunion• The Sookerting ReunionClub, 1337 AAFBU, APO467, will hold a reunion onAug. 2, 3, 4 and 5 in theyear 1961 at the Ambas,sador Hotel, St. Louis, Mo.

D. C. MESSINEO,Miami, Fla.

20th General Hospital• As the years go by ourmemories fade, but yourlittle publication keeps themind remembering. I waswith the 20th General Hos-pital in Ledo .... hear fromsome of the old gang atChristmas time. Remembersome of the fellows downthe road . . . . wonderfulfellows and perfect gentle-men at all times.

NINA JACOBS,ChicagJ, Ill.

George Zupko Jr.• George Zupko Jr., 49,who served with the 709thE.P.D. Company in Burmaduring World War II, diedhere Jan. 30 of pneumonia.He was a -charter memberelf the Mahoning ValleyBasha of the China-Burma.India Veterans Association,and was senior vice com,mander of the basha during1959 and 1960. He had beena dispatcher for the LyonsTransportation CJrp. for 11years. Survivors include hiswife, two sons and a daugh-ter, his parents and twobrothers.

ETHEL G. YAVORSKY,Youngstown, Ohio

Time to Get Together• Attention: Bruce Cant-rell, Warren Wade and Rob-ert J. St. Martin-ATeMohanbari, Ass a m andTezgaon, India, 1945, res-pectively. Wherever youare, let's plan on meetingat the National CBIVA Re-union Aug. 9-12, 1961. It'sbeen a long time. Be sureto subscribe to Ex-CBIRoundup unless you'ye al-ready done so! You'll beglad you did!

KENNETH RHOADS,Kalamazoo, Mich.

David G. Galloway• David G. Galloway, 35,of Columbus Juncthn,Iowa, died Jan. 18, 1961, atthe V. A. Hospital in IowaCity after an illness of threeyears. Dave served in WorldWar II with Merrill's Mar-auders in the CBI theater.He was a member of theCarl F. Moershel Basha,CBIVA. Survivors includehis wife, five children, hisparents, one brother andthree sisters.

JESSE C. DUNAWAY,Davenport. Iowa

'President Coolidge'• Richmond Bailey askswhat happened t:) he S. S.Presiden t Coolidge. I i-oneof the fleet of 'round-the-world luxury liners in _erv-ice of The American Presi-dent Lines.

GEORGE "-ADDELL,Rialto, Calif.

19

To The Editors _

INDIAN FAMILY in the Ondal area of India poses forphotographer. Photo by Charles Frarn.

THEATER OR HALL in thePhoto by \V. R. eccombe.

436th Bomb Squadron• Spent 13 months in '44and '45 with the 436thSquadron in the 7th BombGroup in India, and was ondetached duty at Chitta-gong, Bur m a, for twomonths flying food mis-sions over the Hump. Ididn't realize your maga.zine was in existence untilvery recently, and I am nowin the process of trying tocatch up On aU of the backissues. You are doing anexcellent job; keep up thegood work.

JIM HALE,Sioux Falls, S. D.

Cedar Rapids Reunion• Here is to the bestmagazine for any home-amagazine to tell you of thedays that used to be in CBI-land, or for that longingfor just one weekend morein Shanghai. In almostevery issue of Roundupsince the national reunionat Cedar Rapids, there havebeen compliments for theway everything was ontime. As one of the h03tsfrom the Carl F. MoershelBasha of Iowa. I would liketo express ,my thanks-wereit not for you people andyour cooperation, all thiscould not have been 'Such asuccess. Thanks.

FRITZ R. MARZ,Homestead, Iowa

lied city of Chanyi, China.

India Taxi Horns• Interested to note JoeCarner's letter. to effectthat the rubber-bulbed taxihorns so widely used inIndia's cities-notably Cal-cutta-during the war arenow on sale as curios inthis country. I agree withCarner :that no one but aCBI-er would want or ap.preciate one. And I wouldn'tpay $15 for a useless horn.

RICHARD A. ROSS,Tampa, Fla.

Ohio Meeting• Toledo Basha wiII hostthe next Ohio state dinnermeeting Saturday, April 22,when the sahibs and memosahibs will come from Cin-cinnati, Columbus, Youngs-town and Dayton for thestate affair. Guests are ex-pected from the Motor CityBasha (Detroit) for anevening of good fellowship.These events turn intominiature reunions. StateCommander Howard Clagerwill administer the oath of::Jffice to the new ToledoBasha officers at this meet.ing. The new officers areCharles Stacy, commander;George W. Hibbert, vicecommander; and Al Wil-helm, adjutant and financeofficer. The other offices,which are appointive, willb~ filled at this meetingalso when the new com.mander will announce hiss e lee t ion. The dinner,scheduled for 7 p.m., willbe at Frankie's CJcktailLounge, 308 Main Street,Toledo, where the ToledoBasha has been holdingmonthly- 'meetings. Everyex.CBIer in the vicinity willbe welcome.

EDDIE STIPES,Toledo, Ohio

20 EX.CBI ROUNDUP

---------------------- - To The Editors

TWO-STORY BUILDINGS line this street in 1 Tanning, China.Photo by W. R. Seccombe.

CRUDE SHELTER against a wall is hame ta a family in Cal-cutta. Many 'Othershad ta get alang withaut even a roaf. Phatoby Louis W. Gwin.

•

Served in Indi~• Far the first time I metSJme 'Of yau fellaws lastsummer at Cedar Rapids,tauring the Amana Cal,anies. I was sarry I wasable ta stav but the oneday. HJpe (can get aut tohe C'Oas .... mast 'Of the

!Tlembe _ a' my 'Outfit werefrem ,e \'es:I spent mast'Of my ime' n ia a theKardah . ill::: A'r Dep'Ot.sauth 'Of Barrackp'Ore. andsame time a Agra AirDepat.

M. V. A:'In;. 'DSOX,Elgin, Iowa

Dogs-Not People!• The British have beenblamed by many far India'ssad canditian, but the littleitem fram The Statesman inJanuary issue proves ,thisis nat necessarily sa. '1 reofer ta the item regardingthe ruler 'Of Dir wha wasenly recently depased bythe Pakistani gavernment.He .had nat 'One dactar ta'Oversee the health o.f his300,000 subjects, but didmanage to have a veteri.narian far his 5eQ dags.And in a cauntry with samany starved pea pie, imagoine him 'Ordering everyvillage in his state ta sup.ply daily milk and meatfar his dags. Unbelieveable.

FLOYD ELWOOD,Omaha, Nebr.

Right Side. Wrong Side• I believe any 'Old C.47crew member has spattedthe error 'On yaur Februarycaver picture. Carga daarsan the right side? Thenegatiye must be reverseden yaur print, 'Or time hasclauded my memary! Can'tsay enaugh gaod thingsabau yaur magazine, butshauld certainly have triedbefare this as I have beena subscriber far seven years.\\-as in the 330th Airdrame~ uadran and the 1st Tr:)apCarrier Squadron.

ERNEST SMITH JR.,Grindstane, Pa.

CALVIN FERTIG,Shamakin, Pa.

Fr. Glavin Celebrates• I was delighted t'Oread'Of 'Our Chaplain, Father EdGlavin, celebrating the Sil-ver Jubilee of his 'Ordina-tion ta the Priesthaad inRame. He is a wanderfulfellaw and a real credit to'Our CBI Veterans Assn.

SAMUEL S. TAYLOR,Denver, Cala.

236th Engineers• If there are any 236 hEngineers listening in, I'dlike ta infarm them thatpart 'Of the 'Outfit met inNashville, Tenn., last Au-gust ta celebrate 'Our 15 hanniversary 'Ofdeactivatian.A raster 'Of members 'Of the'Old 'Outfit was made upbut is nat camplete. Anymember wha thinks he isnat listed will be listed ifhe sends his name, addres'and campany ta 'Our sec-retary, Billy Smith, 625 Sa.1st Street, Pulaski, Tenn.All members are invited taa family get-tagether fram9:30 a.m. ta 3 pm. Sunday,July 9, 1961, in Shelby Park,Nashville, Tenn. Bring apicnic lunch. Anyane desir-ing a raster 'Of the 'Outfitmay send $1 ta SecretarySmith. I have 'One and itis surprising the memariessame 'Of the almast-fargat-ten names 'braught back tame.

:APRIL, 19F.: 21

Commander's

Message

by

Manly V. KeithNational CommanderCh,na-Burma-India

Veterans Assn.

Sahibs and Memsahibs:

Well, here we are again and it's Aprilalready. Time for Mama to be doing eSpring 'house cleaning. Be sure 0 e hernot to throwaway anything ha couldbe used for a Puja c - ume. peaking ofPuja costumes, we've all had a grandtime all over the country parading sup-posedly for the benefit of the local towns-people, but it has mostly been for ourown fun. Since 'Our parade route will bedown through China Town in San Fran-cisco I believe it is especially importantthat our costumes be as authentic asp:}ssible since our audience will be quiteoriental. Besides, it is going to be toodarn cold for any polka dot bikinis.Seriously, the people in San Francisco tellme that the standard Summertime even-ing temperature is about 55 degrees, witha high during the day of about 65. Thoseare fahrenheit degrees, Son, and (as MissKitty would 'say) "kold as kraut," so takenote, and bring sweaters and jacketsalong with your reserve supply ofCarew's.

I have been informed that several ofthe Bashas have taken On some veryworth while service projects, and I thinkthis is most commendable. As yet theseprojects have had to be on a !:Jcal basisrather than National. Philadelphia, OhioState Department, and more recently theChicago Basha each have a project. Ifany of the other Bashas would be inter-ested and want to know "where to start,"I'm sure Al Frankel, HJward Clager and

This space is colltribllted to the CBIV A byEx-CBI Roundup as a sey/lice to the manyreaders who are members of the Assn., of whichRoundup is the official publication. It is im-portant to remember that CBIV A and Roundupare entirely separate organizations. Your sub-scription to Roundup does not entitle you tomembershil' in CBIV A, nor does )'our member-ship in CBIV A entitle )'ou to a subscription toRoundup. You need not be a member of CBIV Ain order to subscribe to Roundup and vise versa.-Eds.

22

Bill Hendricks )Vould be happy to offersuggestions.

During the past couple of months Ihave received several requests for mem-bership appli~ations, especially from theWest Coast area. I'm sure Gene Brauerhas also sent out several, and this is agOJd indication that we are still growing.The latest Basha in our family has beenformed in Portland, Oregon with SahibEdwin C. Deutscher as Commander. Allof us in C. B. 1. V. A. extend our warmestwelcome to the Portland Basha.

Father Glavin, our Chaplain and Chair-man of the newly formed AmericanismC:>mmittee, has gotten off to a flyingstart and has promised to have a progressreport ready for the Executive Board. lee ing in San Francisco on May 13th.

Don't forget to mark your calendar fortwo imp:>rtant dates, the Board Meeting- lay 13th and Reunion August 9-12.

SalaamsMANLY V. KEITH,National Commander4143 Wynona St.,Houston, Texas

ROUNDUPBINDERS

Attractive Book BinderHolds 24 Copies

Ex-CBI RoundupP. o. Box 188 Laurens, Iowa

Ex-eBI ROUNDUP

•

_______________________ .To The Editors

VILLAGE SCENE near Kaliakundi, India. ! Tote the crudehuts which housed the natives. Photo by Don Tratchel.

WASH DAY at Chanyi, China. Women are spreading clothesout to dry. Photo by W. R. Seccombe.

Familiar Nctrnes• Enjoy your magazinevery much and am alwayshelping my husband scanfor any familiar names ineach issue. Only a coupleof names so far. He servedin the 305 h Service Grouppart of the ime. and spent32 months L India as amedic at various p aces. Healso spent 11 man h - on ahill station, RA -17. in theNaga Hill coun ry.

MRS. CHAS. RAY CRADY.Pekin, Ill.

Iowa Basha Meeting•. The spring meeting,dmner and dance of theCarl F. Moershel Basha ofIowa will be held in Amanaon Saturday, April 8. Elec-tion of officers will be held.It will also be a "unif.ormparty," so all CBI vets areto bring .their old jackets. . . . mamly for a fewlaughs and photo taking.This will also be the firstget-together at Amanasince 1959 when GeorgeMarquardt lost a tooth onthe dance, floor and RedAdams lost his green wig.Any ex-CBIers living in thesurrounding states are in-vited to come and enjoy theAmana hospitality with thefolks from the Corn State.

RAY ALDERSON,Dubuque, Iowa

Coming to Reunion• It is a pleasure to passalong the word that Joe E.Brown has informed us he"will make every effort tobe with you the night ofAugust 12th. 1961. at theCommanders' Dinner andDance at the Sheraton Pal-ace Hotel." ::-'Ir.Brown goeson to say: "And if possiblewill be with you the daybefore. Gosh, there are somany dear friends in theCBIVA I will be hoping tosee in San Francisco."

RAY KIRKPATRICK,San Francisco, Calif.

7th Bomb Group• Have been travelingcross-country, from Hawaiito the East Coast, for thepast year. Uncle Sam neverfails to forward my copyof the Roundup, which Ialways look forward to. Atthe present, am now inWashington, D.C., on abusiness trip. But, you canbe sure that I won't misthe Big Reunion in mvhome town, San Francisco.next August! I would liketo urge all former membersof myoId outfit, the 7thBombardment Group (H)-Group Headquarters, 9thBomb Sq., 436th Bomb Sq.,492nd Bomb Sq., and 493rdBomb Sq.,-to be there inthe City by the GoldenGate. Particularly, thosewho live in California andthe other Western states.

LARRY HEUSER,San Francisco, Calif.

Joe Maxwell• Learned recently of thedeath of Joe Maxwell inPeoria, Ill., on December 21,1960. Joe was the chief clerkof the 67th General Depotoutside of Chabua and laterat 'Panitola, Assam, andwas a master sergeant. Hewas buried at his hometown, Mario, Ohio.

GEORGE RUSH,Fair Lawn, N.J.

APRIL, 1961 23

Sheeshamwood Carvings

TABLE. 12" diameter top. 13'high. three legs folded in onepiece. Ideal for flower po . vase.etc. Only S6.9.5 ea. Same table.9" top, 10" high, only 54.';0

NEW SHIPMENT of ornately.c:rrved shee.shamwood items includes the pieces shownon this page. Other sheeshamwood itemsinclude large screens, trays, trivets, etc ••shown in our new catalogue, availablefree to CBI.ers.

ELEPHANT BOOKENDS. 13" long.expands to 23", only S3.7,; ea. Traysshown in photo are not available atthis time.

JE\VEL BOX, soft lining. carved andbrass-inlaid toP. 5 x 8". Only 1:>4.25 ea.Same box, 6 x 4" without lining, usedas cigarette box, only $3.00 e,..

Denver, Colo.

FItEE CATAI.OGUE!

CBI-ers invited to send forour new catalogue, containingnumerous items in India im-ports. at drastically reducedprices to Roundup readers.

1646 Lawrence St.

............... $ 1.954.955.50

................................ 12.50

................................ 15,95

................................ 37.50

AFTABASThe graceful Aftaba. rich-ly en!<raved on high qual-ity bra -So a\.ailable inthese ~ize~:

5"9"10"16"18"26"

PRICES INCLUDE POSTAGE.MINIMUM ORDER SENT

TO ONE ADDRESSPOSTPAID

$5.00

WALL BRACKET, generouslycarved throughout, shelf 4" wideat center. 12" tall. Only $3.75.