GV 4095M 1 AVC Intra Whitepaper

7/29/2019 GV 4095M 1 AVC Intra Whitepaper

1/10

whitepaper

AVC-Intra or HD Editing and ProductionWhy AVC-Intra is now a good choice or high-end HD production

Cl Dunn, Grass Valley Servers and Digital News Production

Smb 2010

Until recently, content creators have had to juggle

multiple dierent codecs in HD production because, in

general, acquisition codecs (DVCPRO HD and XDCAM

HD) were not capable o higher end productions, and

production codecs (ProRes 422 and DNxHD) were not

practically available or acquisition. Although AVC-

Intra oered some promise o being the frst 10-bit

codec with a broader appeal, it suered rom being

too computationally complex or most editors o the

day and at its introduction was not widely supported

beyond Panasonic camcorders.

Today, with the advent o powerul multi-core CPUs

and the widespread acceptance o technology based

on open standards, this is no longer true. This paper

explains why AVC-Intra 100 has some compelling

reasons to make it an emerging avorite or producing

HD content today and into the uture.

www.grassvalley.com


2/10

Contents

Introduction 1

What Are the Main Codec Choices Today? 1

What Makes a Good HD Production Codec? 2

is Fs? 2

Looks 2

Suo 2

Usg Coss 2

How AVC-Intra Measures Up 3

aVC-in 100 s Fs 3

aVC-in 100 Looks Good 4

Full hD 4

advncd algoms 5

Comsons Bn Codcs 6

aVC-in 100 s wdly Suod 8

aVC-in 100 s ecn 8

Conclusion 8

Bibliography 8


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1

AVC-IntrA or HD EDItIng AnD ProDuCtIon

www.grassvalley.com

tody, on o mos mon dcsons oducs o

hD conn mk s o dcd c vdo codc s bs sud

o y n o ccomls. ts s bcus c o

mny codcs vlbl com scc s o

dos. You my b dng ull hD soluon o vod

nscod ss; o g budg my b dvng you o us

los b s; o you my jus b usng codc

coms you do by dul ou bng o

s o comomss lcd on you by coc.

ts ll com mn cocs o codcs vlbl

ody ncludng DVCprO hD, XDCaM hD, pors, DNxhD, nd

aVC-in, xln dos snd by c o m,

nd llus ccl mcs s v on you bus-

nss. i ll lso sn nomon on o mon nds

n odys oducon nvonmn , kn og, mk

100 Mb ol o aVC-in bs ll-ound coc o

oducon ody.

to oul cocs ody DVCprO hD nd XDCaM hD

50, bu y v som nn dbcks lm

long-m onl s oducon om:

Bo only 8-b, c ncss onl o

nocbl conoung nd oszon cs

DVCprO hD only cus o-ds o ozonl

soluon s vlbl n uncomssd sgnl, so

mgs could so

XDCaM hD 50 uss Long GOp codng c noducs

concnon (d ncodng, dcodng, nd -

ncodng), nos vn n smls dng scnos, nd

lso cuss cngs o ms v nong o do

os bng dd

Bcus o s ssus bo DVCprO hD nd XDCaM

hD, som lg dng so comns dvlod

on comsson soluons g quly nd mo

ndly o CpUs o m. avd ond s s

DNx ln o codcs, nd s ollod by Gss Vlly

hQ codc, nd n al ollod su pors

422 mly o codcs. all o s soluons qu n nl

nscod om cquson om ks m, bu y

cvly lmn mg quly oblms v jusmnond. hov som o m v mon dbcks

ll dscuss l no sd by codc s

ocus o s : aVC-in 100.

a summy o vlbl codcs nd ky ccscs cn b ound n tbl 1. i ncluds uncomssd SMpte 292

vdo on o ln o so bo y comsson s ndd (1,500 Mb/s s lo o d) nd o good mc c codc

mks o mn vdo ccscs o s, com smlng, nd b-d.

Table 1 Main HD production codec choices.

Introduction

What Are the Main Codec Choices Today?

Name Raster Chroma Bit depth Bit rate, Mb/s

Uncompressed SMPTE 292 Full 4:2:2 10-bit ~ 1,500

ProRes 422 (HQ) Full 4:2:2 10-bit 220

ProRes 422 Full 4:2:2 10-bit 147

ProRes 422 (LT) Full 4:2:2 10-bit 102

DNxHD 220x Full 4:2:2 10-bit 220

DNxHD 220 Full 4:2:2 8-bit 220

DNxHD 145 Full 4:2:2 8-bit 145

HQX Full 4:2:2 10-bit 120-220

DVCPRO HD Scaled 4:2:2 8-bit 100

XDCAM 50 Full 4:2:2 8-bit 50

AVC-Intra 50 Scaled 4:2:0 10-bit 50

AVC-Intra 100 Full 4:2:2 10-bit 100


4/10

2


www.grassvalley.com

So mks good oducon

om n cc? too on s

s on comsson ocus on

cncl scs o comsson

sl, bu n ou v, s s jus on o

cos sould b consdd.

in mos lcons cn b ducd

don o ou my consdons

v o b gd o mk n nomd

dcson:

Speed: is s?

Looks: Dos yld cu quly

i nd?

Support: Cn i u og

okfo i ds?

Usage costs: Dos ol cos

sn good vlu?

Is i as?

a om s s n you cn:

Dcod nd ncod mull sms

n l m on common comu

loms so do cn ok

ou nuon o nmd

ndng

acqu nd d n sm om

on sm md o vod

bsbnd ngs, l ns, o

l nscod bo dng

ocss cn bgn

hnd o nsd conn o

lyou sv ou vng o k m o fn o nscod o y

no om

ts s codc lk DVCprO hD

lly sns. is ndly o ny gn-

on o pC/Mc lom nd you cn

c okfos sy n sm

om ll y oug. XDCaM hD

ss mny o s ccscs,

bu s on nly n usng

Long GOp codc bcus ns-

ng ocss cn k long n

n ojc s o b lvld (..,

-ncodd) s nl s o -buld

GOp sucu. i you jus look dng o ojc, pors, DNX,

nd hQ xmly s bcus y

ndly o pC n ms o

numb o l-m sms y cn

suo, bu y cn b slod don

by nscods no o ou o

do (hQ dos no ok on Mc).

Lks

a om looks s bs n:

i ncods n ull soluon ( no

sclng cs noducd)

i s ull 10 bs xl nd ull

4:2:2 com smlng, jus lk

uncomssd hD-SDi

Mull gnons cn b ncodd

nd dcodd ou nocbl loss

n quly (no concnon)

DNxhD, pors422, nd aVC-in 100

ll look lly good by s c. By

comson, mks DVCprO s s

lms s onl o g quly

lcons. a codc lk DNX, pors,

nd hQ ovcoms s mo

bs, bu s gn s no do

n coms o os x bsulmly cos. t bs soluon s

combnon o bs lookng vdo

los ovd.

Spp

a s, good-lookng om s no o

muc vlu unlss s lso dly su-

od by oducon ools

vlbl n mk. Foms bsd

on on sndds cv s mo

dly n mo oy soluons,

bu s no only son o doon,

s v sn JpeG 2000. Bcus

Sony nd pnsonc v xnc nd

nvs g dl n mkng sndds,y v don n xmly good job

mkng su DVCprO hD nd

XDCaM hD v d suo n ou

ndusy. wl DNX nd pors v

bn md vlbl o d-y

ngons, nd DNX s bn md

sndd, numb o soluons vl-

bl s dcddly n comson

knd o okfos you cn u

og DVCprO nd XDCaM.

hov, aVC-in s no oc-

ng s sm doon nd cn

uds nd nnouncmn om mjo

suls, s no only 10-b om

cn b usd nvly on dos om ll

t as: avd, al, nd adob.

usae Css

Ls, bu dnly no ls, coss

o usng om gs on o good

s o oducon ovll. t cos

conbu o coss o gvn

codc coc cn b som o ll o ollong:

Coss o bs. a gvn b s

dc mull o cos o you

nsucu lk n dng SaN, n

cv, o nok bckbon. as n

xml, SaN you nd o suo

sx dng sysms 100 Mb mg

sly cos you 2 o 3 ms lss n

sm sysm usng 225 Mb

om, nd could dd $200-$400k

o sysm nd n mony could b

b sn ls.

Cos o cquson, dcly

oug cmcod o oug bsbnd sgnl o sv conncd

o SaN. Do i nd o ng no

dvc o my cm (.., Kpo)?

a cs o svs cod

DNX comv lv o o

cocs? Do i nd o us scondy

mcn nd n ngs dcly

oug d su v bsbnd?

Coss o x ss. i you cn buld

ull okfo ound codc

youv cosn s n nn cos

n buyng nscodng oducs o n

m ol snd xcung o

ng o ss o coml.

all o s cos v ccl cons-

quncs onms sul

o coosng om bsd on

cm, do, o ognzons

v bn comobl n usng vsus

lookng bgg cu o s

ndd nd mlcons os

cocs ll v on sysm. Som

o os ccl consdons my

yld ollong ovll movmns:

i g doubl sog ccy o

gvn moun o dsk sc

i ks l m o m o mov

ls ound

i cn od o buld SaN lly

llos sng y nd

What Makes a Good HD Production Codec?


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3


www.grassvalley.com

How AVC-Intra Measures Up

t bl blo summzs o ll c codc msus u gns ou ky c. w blv coms o lg s

ovll sng o aVC-in 100 s coc o oducon om. as v ond ou n bl, s sn u n aVC-

in s noducd, bu blv os cos v cngd.

w n mkng clm aVC-in s bs o ny lcon, bu nong n ll cos oulnd

consdd, aVC-in snds ou o us s mkng s dos nd us ovdng mo scu coc o long un.

in s ll k clos look o nd y aVC-in 100 no ms ll ou o ky ccscs modn hD codc

nds.

AVC-Ia 100 is as

t clss o nmd codcs, ncludng DNxhD, pors 422, Gss Vllys hQ, nd os os bn o v

ys go, dd so o ddss oblm cquson oms oo comomsd o mk good cus n usd

n dng nd oducon okfos, o oo comlx o suo noug cnnls on ccl dng loms. t comlxy

gumn s no long vld bcus mul-co, 64-b ocssos long omzd cs nsucon ss scclly ng-

nd o omz ncod/dcod omnc v bcom vlbl sonbl cs.

Codec Fast Looks Good Widely Supported Efcient

AVC-Intra 100 Yes, though it was complexto decode when introduced

Yes Yes, though it was limited toPanasonic camcorders atintroduction

Yes

DVCPRO 100 Yes Only 8-bit and horizontalresolution scaled by two-

thirds

Yes Yes

XDCAM HD 50 Long GOP structure canintroduce delays in editing

Only 8 bit Yes The most efcient

ProRes 422 Family Yes Yes Comparatively ewer optionsavailable

45% to 120% less efcientthan AVC-Intra

DNxHD Family Yes Yes Comparatively less optionsavailable

45% to 120% less efcientthan AVC-Intra

Table 2 Comparison of codec key features.

Figure 1 Recent evolution of processor performance.

CP

UP

eak

GFLops

2003 2004 2005

Prescott

64 bit

Conroe

Dual Core

Kentsfield

Quad Core

Gulftown

6 Core

Westmere

6 Core

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

0

50

100

150

200

250


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4


ts on s llusd n Fgu 1,

c sos comuonl

o vlbl ody s o ou

ms g n s n DNxhD

nd pors 422 noducd. in

o ods, voluon o comu

loms s odd comlxy

nlly dsdvngd aVC-in s

oducon codc.

Bu bng s sn ll bou comu

omnc nd o quckly on cn

ncod o dcod vdo. Somms

s bou vodng s log.

a ycl oducon okfo s

squncd no sgs: cqu,

d, nd lyou. inmd codcs

only dly suod n d

s. ts mns o us m s

o qu nscodng oons s

conn s ngsd o do nd n-

dd ou o . t o oblms

nscodng:

i ks m ooonl o

duon o ml bng ngsd

o ndd

i cs n gnon o codng,

c dvsly cs cu quly

aVC-in cn b usd n ll ss

o oducon, c lmns nd

o nscodng nd vods s ssus

log.

as ll s dng, ngsng, nd nd-

ng, o ng you nd o do you conn s o mov ound ov

comu noks c s

g cncy o aVC-in mks

s ooson n o n-

md codcs covd . tbl 1

lluss l m svngs aVC-

in ovds n movng 20-mnu

cl coss Ggb en nok1.

How AVC-Intra Measures Up (cont.)

www.grassvalley.com

Codec Transer Time Time Penalty vs. AVC-Intra

AVC-Intra 2:51 N/A

ProRes 422 4:08 1:17

DNxHD 220 6:17 3:25

Table 3 Transfer time of 20-minute clip over a Gigabit Ethernet network.

So, you movng ml om you cquson

dvc, song om n cv, o usng o you lyou

sv, s gong o mov s by 40-100%.

O cous s bns o sd only m aVC-in o-

vds mg quly combl o lnvs.

AVC-Ia 100 Lks gd

So y nd o dos aVC-in ovds mg quly s

combl o o g-nd hD codc cocs?

ll HD

aVC-in gs o o good s by ncodng ull hD s

4:2:2 com smlng nd 10 bs xl. i you ok-

ng mull gnons o you conn o gcs,

usng 10-b om 4:2:2 com smlng s mus

bcus:

8-b oms ll so bndng n sdd gcs

4:2:0 ll cus colos o bld ov subsqun gnons

1assums Ggb en cv ougu o 70% sd.


7/10

Advaced Alihms

aVC-in mngs o comss ull hD sgnl bs-n-clss cncy by kng dvng o modn comsson c-

nqus suc s in Fm codng. Suc cnqus v d ocus o o mjo nnonl sndds bods ov s

dcds s llusd by Fgu 2.

in cons o codcs dvlod o DNX, pors, o hQ cd n v lbs by ky ol, aVC-in

comsson s dvlod om muc lg o nd nc s bn o mo dvncd comsson ools nd c-

nqus dvlod by oldd o. On cully oul ool s clld n-m dcon, nd s llusd n Fgu

3. in-m dcon xlos c c o cu cn look sml o o s.

5



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Figure 2 Development history of H.264 family of codecs, including AVC-Intra.

Figure 3 Intra-frame prediction technique. (Images used with permission of Panasonic Corporation)

H.120

1980 1990 2000 2010

H.261

MPEG-1 MPEG-4

AVC,MPEG-4-10,

H.264

MPEG-2

JVT

H.262 H.264 H.265H.263,+

Original Intra-prediction Coded

30% Efficiency Saving

Residual

10 MB

= +

4 MB 3 MB


8/10

6


in-m dcon nds bs mc bn sml

blocks o xls n cu, nd uss cos o s s

lcmn o ognl xls. Dong s cvs, on

vg, ug 60% ducon n d ndd o -

sn cu, bu dos noduc os cud

n so clld sdul mg c s yclly 30%

sz o ognl cu. t ognl mg cn b cly

consucd by ddng sdul bck o n-m

dcd cu c mns ocss ns 30%

comsson bo ny o mo noml comsson

scms ld.

Cmpaiss Bewee Cdecs

t noml y o mkng objcv comsons bn

dn vdo codcs s v pSNr omnc o som

ll knon nc squncs. aloug pSNr dos no

modl y n c umn vsul sysm cvs

nos cd by mg comsson, s bo objcv nd

sgod o comu (s sdb). Dncs bn

codcs only sgncn dnc n pSNr xcds

oxmly 2 dB. is mon sm ncconn s usd n comng codcs bcus codc -

omnc s uncon o uncomssd mg.

t euon Bodcsng Unon (eBU) mks vlbl s

o uncomssd nc squncs commonly

usd o vlu codc omnc. wn y vlud

aVC-in 100 n 2007 nl o xs vng conn

noml vng dsnc o scn gs, y

judgd s gnon o b vsully dncl

nc (Vsc, 2008).

t eBU squncs, comsng 1250 ms o vdo,

usd o vlu o ky omnc msus o vy

o codcs usd n hD oducon.


www.grassvalley.com

the acym PSnr sads Peak Sial

nise rai

Its a handy, single-fgure measurement o how dierenta picture thats been through a codec is compared to the

uncompressed original.

Its calculation requires a ew simple steps:

1) Compress and decompress a reerence picture toproduce a resultant picture.

2) Subtract the resultant rom the original; the non-zero values in the resultant are errors that wereintroduced by the codec.

3) Square all the resultant pixels and add themtogether, then divide by the total number o pixelsto get a fgure or the Mean Square Error.

4) Form the Ratio by dividing the Mean Square Errorinto the Peak value a pixel can represent (SMPTE292 defnes peak white as code value 940, butprovides headroom up to 1019).

5) Express the ratio in dB.

MSE=1

N M

M

i=1

N

j=1

(refi,j resi,j)2

PSNR = 10 log10

Peak2

MSE


9/10

t mc o d ncod/dcod cycls on pSNr o

nc mg s gd n Fgu 5 c on on

ln snng no gnon o mg.

You cn s bo pors 422 nd DNxhD su om

s dgdon n ly gnons, s aVC-in

mnns cu quly coss mull gnons muc

b.

Unlss you dong nyng bu smls dng, s sy

o ck u , v, o svn gnons o cl dung

ocss. t mul-gnonl bvo o pors 422

nd DNxhD ll bu lmns n dvngs sod u n vous Fgu. ts s sclly u n

you consd nly d o nl gnon ok-

ng DNxhD o pors 422 qus, c cn b vodd

n aVC-in s lso usd s cquson codc.

So o ccl uoss, aVC-in s s good o oducon s

pors 422 nd DNxhD.

t suls llusd n Fgu 4, nd v usd D5 s

nc.

wv lod pSNr o c m n squnc o

ou dn codcs. rmmb bgg numbs b, so

bg gn ln o o g sos codc

bs cu quly by s mod.

You cn s D5 s clly suo, oug s o b

xcd 250 Mb/s codc. pors422 nd DNxhD

om bou sm s c o, nd slgly b n

aVC-in, bu os n D5. agn s fcs b o

ound 145 Mb/s o s codcs.

Ov long un, aVC-in coms n bn 1 o 1.5 dB

os n pors 422 nd DNxhD, c sn muc o

scc o gn ound 50% cncy svngs. ts my bjuscon noug o d aVC-in, bu s no

song son o consd: mul-gnon omnc o

vous codcs.

7



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Figure 4 PSNR comparison using EBU reference sequences.

Figure 5 Multi-generation performance.

1

0

-0.5

-1

-1.5

-2

-2.5

-3

Enc-Dec Iteration

PSNR

(dB)

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

ProRes 422

DNxHD145

AVC-Intra 100M


10/10


SALES

Local and regional sales contacts can be ound by visiting

www.grassvalley.com/sales

SuPPort

Local and regional support contacts can be ound by visiting

www.grassvalley.com/support

Copyright 2011 Grass Valley USA, LLC. All rights reserved. EDIUS is a registered trademark and Grass Valley is a trademark o GVBB Holdings S.a.r.l.All other tradenames reerenced are service marks, trademarks, or registered trademarks o their respective companies. Specifcations subject to change

without notice. GV-4095M-1

Conclusion

Bibliography

AVC-Ia 100 is Widely

Spped

t go n suo o aVC-in

coss ndusy s mk nd

s s mon nd oul s

dmc movmn n CpU ooucd on l. in y, s on o

bs-k scs o conn o-

ducon ndusy, bu n you look, you

s o nd suo vy:

i you dng, gdng, o

comosng, youll nd mln-

lvl suo o aVC-in n Gss

Vlly eDiUS 5 nd 6, s ll s

adob Cv Su 5; al Fnl

Cu Sudo 3; auodsk inno,

Smok nd Flm, Fln, nd Lus;

nd ll avd dos, suc s Md

Comos 5, DS 10, Symony 5, nd

NsCu 9

Youll nd coss bod suo o

aVC-in om Gss Vlly (K2 md

sv mly) nd o vdo svs

ncludng avd aSd Mul Sm,

DVS VeNiCe, eVS Xt2 (scduld

o Q4 2010), hs Nxo, Omnon

Scum, nd Qunl sQ

tnscodng s suod by

tlsm nd roz tnscodng

Svcs

and s l o vlbl

cnology om ovds nclud-

ng MnConc sould you s o

dvlo you on soluons.ts s

so codc ll ok n bo

pC nd Mc nvonmns. p o

bn o usng n on sndd s

MnConc cn dvlo s on

codcs nd us m o d ng

o lcons by mkng m ully

MpeG-4 comln.

in ddon o Gss Vlly, numb o

comns v lso dvlod

on aVC-in dcods ncludng al

nd avd.

t lso mny vng nd ngs

soluons vlbl o aVC-in, nclud-

ng os om Clbd So,

MOG tcnology, MXF4Mc, nd

OnCub.

Noc no on n ull-hD

okfoom dng o svng o

nscodng you scd o

sngl coc o vndo. aVC-in s

only om cn mk s clm

ody.

AVC-Ia 100 is Efcie

No ncludng udo, aVC-in 100 s

113 Mb/s om. pors 422 vs

om 145 o 220 Mb/s avd DNxhD

occuyng sml ng. w dos

s 40% o 120% cncy dvnggn o you?

On sngl dng sysm,

svngs my no b sgncn,

oug y mg mn you cn

us uggd sold-s d v youd

lk nsd o snnng dsk

Bu mulld ov ousnds o ous

o conn o ov lg dng SaN,

onl cncy svngs moun

u sgncnly. ponlly you cn

lv sog qumn om

you cl budg, nd lv

cv d qumn om

you ong budg

poducon sysm coss dvn bo

by sog coss nd bndd.

Coosng g b ll ncs

m bo.

wv son aVC-in 100 s

bs ll-ound soluon o g-quly

hD oducon ody n vlud

on ou codc us mk

dnc o oducon vlus nd

conomc cncy o you okfo:

aVC-in s s bcus you cn

vod m-consumng ns-cods

nd lmn mc on mg

quly, nd comus ody

oul noug o suo mull

cnnls on ccl okson

aVC-in looks good bcus

o s suo mul-gnon

omnc, nd c s

ossbl o vod o ncod/dcod

gnons by dloyng aVC-in

om cquson o lyou

c s ossbl bcus aVC-

in s dly dloydmnng you

cn coos on soluons

bs o you om mong mul l

vndos n dnng you okfo

as mos cn ull hD codc

vlbl, aVC-in cn dlv

mon cos svngs lv o

lnvs. You cn lv you

sog coss nd doubl you ns

s

Vsc. (2008). hDtV poducon Codcs. EBU Technical Review, 1-15.


GV 4095M 1 AVC Intra Whitepaper

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