Guy Thomas

Science & Technology Advisor

United States Coast Guard

Washington, DC

George.g.thomas@uscg.dhs.gov

202-372-2591

Global Maritime Awareness

We are responsible for:

• Increasing communication and building trust

• Performing international and domestic outreach

• Making maritime information available/shareable

Forging relationships, enabling technology,

effecting policy

Forging relationships, enabling technology,

effecting policy

Mission: Act as a Maritime Awareness Coordinator

“Honest Broker”

Office of Global Maritime Situational Awareness

A multi-agency NATIONAL office responsible for effective access to maritime information and data

critical to building situational awareness.

• National Security CouncilNational Security Council includes (6) six regional includes (6) six regional committees and (11) eleven policy committees covering committees and (11) eleven policy committees covering diverse topics from counterterrorism to the global diverse topics from counterterrorism to the global environmentenvironment

• The The diplomatic communitydiplomatic community includes 305 embassies, includes 305 embassies, consulates, and diplomatic missions around the globe, consulates, and diplomatic missions around the globe,

• The The defense communitydefense community includes (17) seventeen includes (17) seventeen defense agencies, nine unified combatant commands, and defense agencies, nine unified combatant commands, and seven filed activitiesseven filed activities

• The The intelligence communityintelligence community includes (16) sixteen includes (16) sixteen separate government agenciesseparate government agencies

• The The department of homeland securitydepartment of homeland security encompasses (22) twenty two formerly separate encompasses (22) twenty two formerly separate government agencies and cooperates with tens of government agencies and cooperates with tens of thousands of state and local authorities across the thousands of state and local authorities across the country.country.

Overall the Overall the federal governmentfederal government portion of the system portion of the system includes approximately includes approximately 4 million4 million personnel—not counting those from the personnel—not counting those from the private sector who support the system, (private sector who support the system, (Forging the New ShieldForging the New Shield,, Project on National Security Reform, November 2008).Project on National Security Reform, November 2008).

• Multitude of USG Agencies, Departments, Bureaucracy!!

Recent GAO Recent GAO ReportReport

Agencies are using 56 different sensitive but unclassified designations (16 of which belong to one agency) to protect information.

Information sharing is difficult……….

“Office cubicles, the beltway, the budget, and stovepipes.”

“The light was blinking red”. 911 Commission Report

The information is thereThe information is there……

International Representatives From: Australia, Belgium, Canada, China, Djibouti, Egypt, France, Great Britain, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mauritus, Netherlands, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, United States, Yemen

International Non-governmental Organization Representative: World Food Program

Maritime Shipping Industry: Maersk Shipping Company

Academic Representatives From: Davidson College, George Washington University, National Defense University U.S. Government Representatives From: CIA, CJTF-HOA, CBP, DIA, Department of Commerce, Department of Defense, Department of Energy, Department of Homeland Security, Department of Justice, Department of State, Department of Transportation, Department of Treasury, Director of National Intelligence, Drug Enforcement Administration, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Homeland Security Council, Maritime Administration, National Counterintelligence Executive, National Counterterrorism Center, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, National Intelligence Council, National Maritime Intelligence Center, National Media Exploitation Center, national Reconnaissance Center, National Security Agency, National Security Council, US Africa Command, US European Command, US Pacific Command, US Central Command, Us Transportation Command, US Joint Staff, US Air Force, US Army, US Coast Guard, US Marine Corps, US Navy

Example of USG Interagency Cooperation/CoordinationPiracy Conference—National Maritime Intelligence Center

1. Information Hubs2. MSSIS (Maritime Safety & Security Information Systems)- Expansion3. GMISS (Global Maritime Information Sharing Symposium)4.TEXAS 3 (TEchnical eXchange on Ais via Satellite)

5. C-SIGMA (Maritime Situational Awareness from Space)

Office of Global Maritime Situational Awareness

Initiatives:

Architecture Management

People Cargo

Infrastructure

… coordinate information flow for subject areas domestically and internationally and facilitate information

and data sharing.** US National Concept of Operations for Maritime Domain Awareness

Maritime Information Exchange

Vessel

Future Hubs

Increasing & Coordinating Data Increasing & Coordinating Data SharingSharing

What are Hubs? Information Enterprise Hubs are the lead coordinators and subject matter experts for their specific areas of MDA information*

*Cargo, vessel, people, infrastructure

What are Hubs? Information Enterprise Hubs are the lead coordinators and subject matter experts for their specific areas of MDA information*

*Cargo, vessel, people, infrastructure

Why develop Hubs? The hubs support information sharing efforts to bridge the gap until policies, relationships and technology are in place

Why develop Hubs? The hubs support information sharing efforts to bridge the gap until policies, relationships and technology are in place

“They are not systems, they are people.”“They are not systems, they are people.”

MDA Information Enterprise HubsMDA Information Enterprise Hubs

The Balance

GLOBAL PICTURE OF AIS RECEIVERS & MSSIS SOFTWARE

MSSIS PARTICIPATING MSSIS PARTICIPATING NATIONSNATIONS

(as of 20 APR 09 – 56 Nations)(as of 20 APR 09 – 56 Nations)

Active ParticipantsALBANIAALBANIA FINLANDFINLAND ITALYITALY PORTUGALPORTUGAL

AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA FRANCEFRANCE IRAQIRAQ ROMANIAROMANIA

BAHRAINBAHRAIN GABONGABON JAMAICAJAMAICA SAO TOME & PRINCIPESAO TOME & PRINCIPE

BENINBENIN GAMBIAGAMBIA JORDANJORDAN SENEGALSENEGAL

BULGARIABULGARIA GEORGIAGEORGIA LIBERIALIBERIA SIERRA LEONESIERRA LEONE

CAMEROONCAMEROON GERMANYGERMANY LITHUANIALITHUANIA SINGAPORESINGAPORE

CANADACANADA GHANAGHANA MALTAMALTA SLOVENIASLOVENIA

CAPE VERDECAPE VERDE GIBRALTAR (UK)GIBRALTAR (UK) MAURITANIAMAURITANIA SPAINSPAIN

CHILECHILE GREECEGREECE MONTENEGROMONTENEGRO TOGOTOGO

CROATIACROATIA GUINEAGUINEA MOROCCOMOROCCO TUNISIATUNISIA

DENMARKDENMARK ICELANDICELAND MOZAMBIQUEMOZAMBIQUE TURKEYTURKEY

DJIBOUTIDJIBOUTI INDIA INDIA NETHERLANDSNETHERLANDS UKRANEUKRANE

DOMINICAN REPUBLICDOMINICAN REPUBLIC IRELANDIRELAND NORWAYNORWAY UNITED KINGDOMUNITED KINGDOM

ESTONIAESTONIA ISRAELISRAEL POLANDPOLAND UNITED STATESUNITED STATES

ARGENTINAARGENTINA PHILLIPPINESPHILLIPPINES TIMOR LESTETIMOR LESTE

BRAZILBRAZIL JAPANJAPAN SERBIASERBIA URUGUAYURUGUAY

COLOMBIACOLOMBIA LATVIALATVIA SWEDENSWEDEN YEMENYEMEN

ECUADORECUADOR NEW ZEALANDNEW ZEALAND SOUTH AFRICASOUTH AFRICA

Pending and / or Under Constructions

““Information sharing” with Information sharing” with LibyaLibya• Joint military cooperation signed between Libya Joint military cooperation signed between Libya

and US January 2009.and US January 2009.• OGMSA briefed Libya desk officer February 2009.OGMSA briefed Libya desk officer February 2009.• DOS suggested utilizing MSSIS as a stepping DOS suggested utilizing MSSIS as a stepping

stone to improve diplomacy and “information stone to improve diplomacy and “information sharing” between LIBYA and US.sharing” between LIBYA and US.

• OGMSA briefed Libyan Embassy—Early April 2009.OGMSA briefed Libyan Embassy—Early April 2009.• OGMSA/USCG briefed Libyan Defense Attaché OGMSA/USCG briefed Libyan Defense Attaché

Last Week.Last Week.• Great interest demonstrated by Libyan official to Great interest demonstrated by Libyan official to

participate.participate.

What’s Missing? What’s Missing?

Everything in between!Everything in between!– The National Maritime CONOPS has set up The National Maritime CONOPS has set up short short

termterm, , mid termmid term, and , and long termlong term goals to improve goals to improve transparency transparency in the maritime domain.in the maritime domain.•Short term (0-5 years):Short term (0-5 years): “[I] “[I] intensify the intensify the

acquisition of data for small ocean-going acquisition of data for small ocean-going craft (craft (vessels < 300 tonsvessels < 300 tons) with an emphasis ) with an emphasis on the vessels of greatest concern regarding on the vessels of greatest concern regarding illegal maritime illegal maritime activity—dhows and fishing activity—dhows and fishing vessels”. vessels”.

•Mid-term (6-10 yearsMid-term (6-10 years): “Implement technologies ): “Implement technologies which detect vessels as small as 65’ on the which detect vessels as small as 65’ on the open open oceanocean.” .”

•Long-term (11-20 years):Long-term (11-20 years): “reduce the size of the “reduce the size of the non-emitting objects that can be detected and non-emitting objects that can be detected and monitored on the ocean towards the ultimate goal monitored on the ocean towards the ultimate goal of 25 feet”.of 25 feet”.

Office of Global Maritime Situational Awareness

Accordingly, the prospect of open ocean situational awareness from space via a global space partnership could fill the gap as mandated by the CONOP.

Office of Global Maritime Situational Awareness

1.1. Synthetic Aperture Radar Satellite--Synthetic Aperture Radar Satellite--SARSATSARSAT

2.2. Electro Optical/Infra-Red—EO/IRElectro Optical/Infra-Red—EO/IR

3.3. Automatic Identification System—Automatic Identification System—AISAIS

4.4. Transponders—equivalent to IFFTransponders—equivalent to IFF

Commercially available, Commercially available, existing technology, and open existing technology, and open source information from source information from satellites.satellites.The concept: An International Collaboration of 4 Types of Satellites:

GLOBAL SPACE PARTNERSHIP

GSP

Photo

C-SIGMA

Credit: Thales Alenia Space

This 1-meter resolution image was collected November 20, 2008 by the IKONOS satellite. The image shows the SIRIUS Star, the Saudi-owned crude oil carrier Hijacked by Somali pirates, anchored approximately 5 miles off the Somali coast.

(IKONOS is 10 years old….)

Photo courtesy of GEO-EYE

½ meter resolution photo of Collected on October 25, 2008 by GEOEYE

Freighter off-loading at Casablanca, Morocco

Photo courtesy of GEOEYE

ORBCOMM Worldwide plot, 24 hours data, 15,073 vessels tracked

OFFICE OF GLOBAL MARITIME SITUATIONAL AWARENESS

U.S. Navy photo

GLOBAL MARITIME INFORMATION SHARING SYMPOSIUM 2009SEPTEMBER 15-18

NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITYFORT LESLIE J. MCNAIR

WASHINGTON, D.C.

Bringing the maritime industry perspective into government maritime awareness policy

www.gmsa.gov/gmiss

For further information:

Office of Global Maritime Situational Awareness

Plans & PolicyCaptain Dale.V.Ferriere@uscg.mil

Outreach & CoordinationCaptain George.McCarthy@uscg.mil

Information TechnologyCaptain Rafael.Nieves@uscg.dhs.mil

Science & Technology, Including Space Systems

Guy Thomasgeorge.g.thomas@uscg.mil