Gundicha working paper 24

Government of Orissa Department for International Development WESTERN ORISSA RURAL LIVELIHOODS PROJECT CNTR: 98 7800 PARTICIPATORY TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND PROMOTION OF MICRO IRRIGATION DECEMBER 2004 S. C. Bisoyi S. K. Mohanty G. Behera

(Working Paper No.24)

International Development Enterprises (India) Regional Office Bhubaneswar

DISCLAIMER This document is an output from a project funded by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) for the benefit of developing countries. The views expressed are not necessarily those of DFID.

Submitted toOrissa Watershed Development Mission(OWDM)BhubaneswarOctober, 2004

Project Title:PARTICIPATORY TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTAND PROMOTION OF MICRO IRRIGATION

International Development Enterprises (India)

Project Status ReportJanuary - October 2004

List of Abbreviations and AcronymsAM – Area ManagerAPD – Assistant Project DirectorASCO - Assistant Soil Conservation OfficerBK – Bucket KitCBDA - Chakutia Bhunjia Development AgencyCBO - Community Based OrganizationCBT – Capacity Building TeamCDS - Customized Drip SystemCOM – Chief Operating ManagerDFID – Department for International DevelopmentDK – Drum KitDP - Demo PlotFNK - Family Nutrition KitFO – Field OfficerFYM – Farm Yard ManureGSM - Graphic Standard ManualHDPE - High Density PolyethyleneIDEI – International Development Enterprises (India)KB - Krishak BandhuLST – Livelihood Support TeamLLDPE - Linear Low Density PolyethyleneLDPE - Low Density PolyethyleneLWSI - Lutheran World Service IndiaMDPE - Medium Density PolyethyleneNPK – Nitrogen, Phosphorus, PotassiumNRI – Natural Resource InternationalOWDM – Orissa Watershed Development MissionPIA – Project Implementing AgencyPTD – Participatory Technology DevelopmentPD – Project DirectorPP – Pressure PumpPVC - Poly Vinyl ChloridePE - PolyethyleneQAM – Quality Assurance ManagerR&WP – Rope and Washer PumpSTP – Surface Treadle PumpUV - Ultra VioletVW - Vermi WashWDT – Watershed Development TeamWDC – Watershed Development CommitteeWTO – Working Through OthersWORLP – Western Orissa Rural Livelihood ProjectWSB - Water Storage Bag

Table of Contents...The Backdrop ... 01Activity Calendar ... 02Taking Off ... 03Project Framework ... 04Feasibility Study ... 06The Process of PTD (MI) ... 07Technology Installations ... 07Integrated Systems at Work ... 08Technology Modification through User Feedback ... 09Building Motivation ... 10Capacity Building ... 11l Exposure Visit to Karnataka ... 13l Usefulness of Micro IrrigationTechnologies and Crop Practices ... 14

Monitoring Functional Efficacy ... 16l Water Lifting Devicesl Water Application - Drip Irrigation Systeml Vermi Wash

Impact Assessment ... 19Benefits and Costs ... 21Reaching Out & Promotion of MI Systems ... 24Visitors ... 27Major Learnings ... 28Acknowledgements ... 28

Annexure: 1Farmer’s Feedback on Various Products ... 29

Annexure: 2KB Drip: An Innovation in Low Cost Drip Irrigation ... 31

Annexure: 3Maintenance Manual (STP) ... 33

Annexure: 4Customized Drip (Installation Process) ... 35

PROJECTSTATUSREPORTJanuary-October, 2004OWDM-IDEI

PROJECTSTATUSREPORT

T h e B a c k d r o p

‘To improve equitably thesocial, economic andenvironmental conditionsof families in need, withspecial emphasis on therural poor, by identifying,developing and marketingaffordable, appropriate andenvironmentally sustain-able solutions throughmarket forces.’

WORLP GOALWestern Orissa Rural LivelihoodProject (WORLP) -- a ten yearsproject funded by DFID andimplemented by OWDM, Govt. ofOrissa -- has been establishedwith a goal to bring --“More effective approachesto SustainableRural Livelihoodsadopted by governmentagencies and otherstakeholders in KBKdistricts and elsewhere”.

IDEI MISSIONFor more than 11 years, theInternational DevelopmentEnterprises (India) - IDEI - hassuccessfully pursued its missionto reduce hunger and povertythrough promotion of affordableirrigation technology leading toadditional wealth generation forthe smallholders. The notion ofsustainable rural livelihood is atthe core of IDEI’s vision for thefuture.

International Development Enterprises (India), inshort IDEI, is committed to alleviating hunger andpoverty while assisting in rational utilization ofwater resources. IDEI believes that improving thelivelihoods of small holders through appropriateand affordable, pro-poor income generating tech-nology is an effective and direct way to addressthe needs of the rural poor. The concept ofsustainable rural livelihood is at the core ofIDEI’s vision for the future.Western districts of Orissa are the poorestdistricts in the country -- prone to frequent drought.The overall ground water development particularlyin Bolangir and Nuapada districts are only 10%and 14%, respectively. However, there is a hugepotential for well regulated ground water utiliza-tion -- in Bolangir, for example, in 70% areaswater is available at a depth of only 4 - 6 metresin peak summer.The10 years long-term program under WORLP hasa clear focus on more effective approaches toSustainable Rural Livelihoods through effectiveutilization of ground water. The Orissa WatershedDevelopment Mission (OWDM), the implementingagency of the Government of Orissa, is commit-ted to achieve the project goal, with its pro-poorstrategy.WORLP identified the strength of IDEI and theyjointly decided upon the areas of action research,and accordingly IDEI prepared a joint action planwith the NRI -- a technical partnerof WORLP. Both WORLP and IDEIsee a need to examine opportu-nities for assisting the poorfarmers to make their farmingsystems more resilient, diverseand productive. They believe thatthis could be done only throughparticipatory processes.

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PROJECTSTATUSREPORT

A c t i v i t y C a l e n d a rSl. No. Period Name of the Activity Tangible Achievement

01. u Jan 2004 l Staff development and n Taking offinductionl Familiarizing with people,partners and placesl Development of frameworkand identification ofnucleus villages

2. u Feb 2004 l Feasibility study n Focus area of PTD selectedl Technology identification/ n Technology selecteddevelopment n Technology development

3. u Mar-Oct ’04 l Technology installation n Modification of technologyu Apr-Oct ’04 l Monitoring Functionality through farmers’ feedbacku Sept ’04 l Technology modificationthrough farmers’ feedback

4. u Aug ’04 l Building motivation on n New practices introduced,agronomic practices crop rotation enhancedu Apr-Oct ’04 l Agri information l New information on agricul-dissemination ture and market, sharedamong farmers

5. u Jun-Sept ’04 l Training on agronomic l Skill imparted to farmerspracticesu Sept-Oct ’04 l Technology related training l Farmers acquainted withrepair & maintenance ofdifferent technologiesu Aug-Oct ’04 l Farmers’ training on l Technology adoptedlow-cost technologiesu May-Oct ’04 l Farmers’ meetings/camps l Sharing learningsu Aug-Oct ’04 l Vermi Wash Trainings l Vermi Wash adopted byfarmers

6. u August ’04 l Workshops l Learning on different tech-nology and applicationsu Apr-Oct ’04 l Live demos l Created desire and interestfor spreading of technologyu Aug-Oct ’04 l Exposure Visits l Seeing is believing

7. u May ’04 l Exposure visit to l Thorough knowledge onKarnataka MI system8. u July ’04 l Impact Assessment l Farmers are benefited9. u Oct ’04 l Farmer’s Survey l Cost Benefit Analysis10. u July-Sept ’04 l Promotional Strategy l GSM and Training Manual11. u Jan-Oct ’04 l Report Preparation l Process Documentation

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PROJECTSTATUSREPORT

T a k i n g O f f . . .Staff Deployment and InductionImmediately after the approval of the project, IDEI deployed its field staff forexecuting the project activities. Mr. Gundicha Behera, Area Manager (AM); Mr. SKMohanty, Quality Assurance Manager (QAM); Mr. Dibyasingha Pradhan andMr. Ashok kumar Parida, Field Officers (FOs) were assigned responsibilities toimplement the activities under the Participatory Technology Development Programme(PTD). Project staff were introduced to the plan of action by Mr. Suresh ChandraBisoyi, Chief Operating Manager (COM) of IDEI, Regional Office, Bhubaneswar. Heexplained the objectives, methodologies and various frameworks of ParticipatoryTechnology Development (PTD) on micro irrigation at Regional office Bhubaneswar.A copy of the project document was also shared among them for clarity and under-standing.Familiarizing with people, partners and placeAlthough IDEI has its presence in the districts of Western Orissa for more than adecade, it was felt necessary to get familiar with the specific areas, farmers andthe partners involved in the implementation process before the commencement ofthe project activities. Maximum time was devoted to visit to the areas, partnersand the farmers during the month of January. In this context the WORLP staffs ofBolangir and Nuapada, PIAs of different Watersheds, CBOs and farmers werevisited. IDEI’s role and involvement in the PTD was discussed with them.Development of framework and identification of nucleus villages4 Together with the APDs, PIAs and CBT members a framework for activities onselection of nucleus villages, technology selection, farmers selection, etc weredrawn up. Interface with the stakeholders helped a lot to understand each otherand initiate activities on PTD for micro irrigation.4 In consultation with PD, APD, CBT members and different PIAs, ten villageswere selected as the focus area of the programme:

Villages GP Block District Name of Association1 Asuramunda Bakti Agalpur Bolangir AsuramundaWatershed Association2 Khuntulimunda Patuapalli Agalpur Bolangir Ramaibaba WatershedAssociation3 Bhalukuna Halanbhata Tureikela Bolangir Lantbudha WatershedAssociation4 Ghunesh Ghunesh Tureikela Bolangir MaakhardanenWatershed Association5 Telenpalli Telenpalli Khaprakhol Bolangir Tiranger WatershedAssociation6 Sindhabahali Rengali Khaprakhol Bolangir Bharatmata WatershedAssociation7 Adar Soseng Komna Nuapada Adar WatershedAssociation8 Gatibeda Sunabeda Komna Nuapada Gatibeda WatershedAssociation9 Pandripani Chulabhata Nuapada Nuapada Chulabhata WatershedAssociation10 Kalmidadar Motanuapara Nuapada Nuapada Khalianal Watershed

Association 03


PROJECTSTATUSREPORT

P r o j e c t F r a m e w o r kPARTNERSHIP WITH PROJECT IMPLEMENTING AGENCY (PIA)

To cover all the groundwork for the project, partnerships were established withthe various local PIAs which included both Government Departments and NGOs.These PIAs were introduced and oriented to the various aspects of technologyand trials.

NEED ASSESSMENTThe findings of the study high-lighted various features likethe present means of irriga-tion, water depth, watersource & type, land type &topography, type of soil,distance of water source, andmaintenance cost of irrigationdevice, difficulty faced inmaintenance, and constraintsand opportunities.This finding pointed to a fairchances of adoption of tech-nologies like Surface TreadlePump and Pressure Pump inthe areas where the watertable is within 25 feet duringthe summer. There is also afair and proportionate chanceof adoption of Rope andWasher Pump devices atplaces where the water tablegoes above 25 feet during cer-tain time of the year.

PARTICIPATORY TECHNOLOGYDEVELOPMENT (PTD)Technologies were designed according to theneed of the farmers, which directly related towater lifting, storage, distribution, application,etc. The design and development of technol-ogy was made in such a way that it reduceswomen drudgery such as Surface Treadle Pump(STP), Pressure Pump (PP), Rope & WasherPump (R&WP), KB Drip Irrigation Systems(Bucket Kit, Drum Kit & Customized drip),Water Storage Bag, etc.

TECHNOLOGYDEMONSTRATION ANDUSER FEEDBACKEarly adopters were identifiedwith the help of concerned PIA &Watershed Committee members.With these adopters, varioustechnology trials were conductedthrough demo plots and UserFeedback is being obtained atregular intervals.

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PROJECTSTATUSREPORT

PRODUCTMODIFICATIONTechnologies installed areclosely monitored atfrequent intervals and thefeedback from farmers areregularly collected. Basedon the feedback, necessarymodifications are beingcarried out, and fieldtested in various demoplots. A continuous refine-ment process helps inimprovement of theefficacy of technologies.

DEVELOPINGPROMOTIONALSTRATEGYDevelopment of promo-tional strategies is donewith close association ofPIA and WORLP staff. Theprocess goes through iden-tifying the potential areasfor promotion, local meansof promotion, generatingideas from farmer andpartner meets. It may bestatic, dynamic or massmedia use for promotion.

TRAINING TOFARMERS & PIAsTraining to farmers and PIAs has been considered to beessential to enhance their capacity on various aspects ofthe technologies being promoted and the promotionalactivities to be conducted. It will involve developing aTraining Module for PIAs, conducting training programsfor technologies, practical demonstration of technology,maintenance, etc.

PROCESS DOCUMENTATIONAND IMPACT STUDYProcess documentation to be carried out throughout thelife of the Project. Both monthly and quarterly progressreports will be submitted to the NR International, Orissa,Watershed Development Mission and WORLP. Besides,studies like Baseline Survey of the Farmers, Impact Studyof the users are to be carried out.

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PROJECTSTATUSREPORT

F e a s i b i l i t y S t u d yIDEI carried out a techno-feasibility study with the following objectives:Objectives:l To understand the soil structure, existing water sources, level of water in differentseasons, distance from water sources mostly used for agriculture purposes, topogra-phy, irrigation devices used, cost effectiveness of the devices used, aspects of repairingand maintenance, etc.l To observe the practices in the field by moving from village to village and area to area.l To have a clarity on the constraints and opportunities that the smallholders have whichcould form the basis for developing the strategy for improving their livelihoods byutilizing the available land and water resources in the area.Methodology:Farmers were contacted individually and in groups on a random basis in ten villages of all thefive blocks of Bolangir and Nuapada districts. Both individual and group discussionsconcentrated on the aspects of land and water management, sources of water for irrigation,use of existing irrigation devices and their cost effectiveness, constraints and opportunitiesrelated to agriculture, etc. Besides, the key informants such as village teachers, postmasters,VAWs, and watershed committee members were contacted for seeking and verifyinginformation on the above aspects.The data thus collected, as well as field observations, were analyzed and interpreted by theproject staff. The major findings of the survey were also shared among other internal staffof IDEI, and other stakeholders of WORLP, to get their feedback and further validate thefindings.Summary of Findings and Recommendations:The findings encouraged a fair chance of adoption of technologies like Surface TreadlePump, Rope and Washer Pump, and Pressure Pump in the area as the water table was foundwithin 25 feet during the summer. It was also understood that a majority of the populationdoes not have access to irrigation water and are dependent on the rain. Hence there is aneed to work on developing technologies for water storage to facilitate irrigation.Some significant observations pertained to:l Approximately 55% of the farmers have access to clean water.l About 58% of the population have their farm fields on the upland and hence would need waterlifting devices for irrigation.l The land topography of the region with 68% lands being slightly slopy necessitates introductionof drip irrigation technologies like Drum Kit, Bucket Kit, and customized systems.l About 40% of the soil is primarily clay and around 20% each is loamy and sandy. This provides anindication that the region needs different types of technologies for irrigation.l Nearly 40% of the farmers have their land within 2 meters of the water source and around 33%have their water source at a distance of 4-6 meters.l As high as 95% of the population do not use any water lifting device for irrigation. They useprimitive technologies for irrigation. As a matter of fact over 60% of the farmers do not have anysource of irrigation.l IDEI’s past experience says that over 80% of the treadle pump users say that they have to spendless than Rs. 100/- annually on its maintenance. Simple and efficient technologies like SurfaceTreadle Pumps, Rope and Washer Pumps and Pressure Pumps may require a maximum mainte-

nance cost of Rs.300/-.l There is also a need to train mistries at local levels so that farmers do not have to face difficultiesin getting devices repaired on time. IDEI already has over a decade experience in establishing achain of network for the efficient delivery of technology to the farmers as well as training mistries

so that farmers do not face difficulty in installation and in repair.l Farmers are facing a number of constraints during agriculture operations in respect of gettingtrue to the type of seed, not habituated to practise suitable crop pattern for the suitable soil,suitable and affordable technologies for irrigation, etc.

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PROJECTSTATUSREPORT

The technology installation work started in Febru-ary. By end of Otober, the following have beeninstalled, demonstrated, tested and modified in theproject area:Surface Treadle Pump (STP) 139Bucket Kit (BK) 14Drum Kit (DK) 16Pressure Pump (PP) 03Rope & Washer Pump (R&WP) 03Customized Drip System (CDS) 03Family Nutrition Kit (FNK) 03Water Storage Bag (WSB) 02Vermi Wash (VW) 112Nursery Tray 33

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T h e P r o c e s s o f P T D (M I)

PROTOTYPEDEVELOPMENT

INSTALLATIONIN THE FIELD

FEEDBACKCOLLECTION

PROBLEMANALYSIS PRODUCT/COMPONENT

MODIFICATION

DESIGNSTANDARDIZATION

PRODUCTFABRICATION

RECOMMENDATION& COMMERCIALIZATION

TECHNOLOGY INSTALLATIONS


PROJECTSTATUSREPORT

INTEGRATED SYSTEMS AT WORKLOW COSTWATER STORAGE BAG

This product has beeninstalled at Telenpalli,Bolangir District, as a first ofits kind. It has a storagecapacity of 10,000 liters, ofthe run off rain water. Thiswater then can be easily usedfor irrigation during thewater-stress period.CUSTOMIZEDLOW COST DRIPSYSTEMINTEGRATED WITHPRESSURE PUMP

The Pressure Pump is usedto lift water from nala to fillup the drum for drip-irri-gation purpose. To know itsefficacy, a check-plot and ademo-plot have been triedout adjacent to each other.

DRUM KITINTEGRATED WITHROPE & WASHER PUMPThis is an innovative case.A Rope & Washer pump hasbeen installed for liftingwater, which fills the drum fordrip irrigation purpose. Thetrial is on in Ghunesh village,Bolangir District.

NURSERY RAISINGIDEI has also impartedtraining on the use ofgermination tray fornursery purposes. In allthe 10 project villages, thetraining was conducted onthe use of the same alongwith organic mixtures forthe preparation of seed-lings of different veg-etables.During the trainingprogram all the farmershave shown their interestto practice the nursery bythemselves independentlywith the help of germina-tion tray in addition to seedbed systems.

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PROJECTSTATUSREPORT

VERMI-WASHThe training programs on Vermi-wash havebeen organized for the farmers of the projectarea to practice the same in the demo plots.The training included elaboration on theprocess of vermi-wash preparation, followedby practical demonstration.The following benefits on the use of vermi-wash were discussed with the participants:8 Increase in the rate of photo synthesis incrop/plant.8 Increase in the number of micro-organism in the soil.8 Increase in the crop yield.8 Increase in pest resistance.8 Increase in the rate ofdecomposition of compost.

TECHNOLOGY MODIFICATION THROUGH USER FEEDBACKTechnology Problems Solutions

l Warpage of bottom plate n Manufacturing process modifiedSTP l Bucket washer wearing fast n Composition changed

l Check valves cut n Thickness increased andcomposition modifiedDRIP IRRIGATION l Insufficient water leads to n Redefined the micro tubesplant failure per plant

PP l Bucket washer wearing n Composition modifiedout fastR & WP l Breakage of the handle n Welding made onceWSB l No problems so far

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PROJECTSTATUSREPORT

B u i l d i n g Motivation ...F Seeds, Seedlings and basal dose fertilizer have been used for the demonstra-tion plots where a technology has been installed. Besides, cropping plan wasdiscussed with the farmers and accordingly resources chanalised.F Ten mini sprayers were procured for the ten focus villages of the PTD (microirrigation) so that the concerned farmers of the demo plots could use it onsharing basis. Thus affordable technology was promoted and famers weremotivated to adopt it.F Farmers have been made aware of the varieties of the seeds/seedling to beplanted, doses of fertilizer application, techniques of pesticide spray, applicationof FYM, etc. The demo plots sofar have developed good planthealth, expecting good harvest.F The use of low cost plasticdelivery pipes were introducedin most of the demo plots toshow people that it saves waterfrom seepage, and providesquick irrigation with the help ofa STP.

Dissemination of Agri-informationamong FarmersIDEI distributed “KRISHAK BANDHU ANNAPURNA”a monthly agriculture related magazine in Oriyalanguage containing information on different crops,their management and practices, success storiesof farmers, innovations in the field of agriculture,findings of the research institute, market priceinformation and guidance to set up the small agri-based firms/units, etc. This was disseminatedamongst selected farmers and has been found tobe very effective.Similarly, IDEI printed literatures on “KEUNSAMAYARE KEUN PANIPARIBA LAGAIBA” meaning“when to plant which vegetables” and “FALACHASARA SAPHALATA” meaning “benefits of fruitcultivation” and circulated among the farmers. Mostof the farmers and other stakeholders are of theopinion that this information has benefited themand enhanced their knowledge on vegetable andhorticultural crops.

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PROJECTSTATUSREPORT

C a p a c i t y B u i l d i n gTraining in Agronomic PracticesThis training covered important aspects such as land and water management, crop andpest management, use of organic fertilizer, crop rotation, multiple cropping, etc. Farmersclosely interacted with the resource persons on crop specific problems being faced by them.The resource persons were experts from the local area of Bolangir and Nuapada districts.The farmers who received training were followed up at regular intervals.Technology related trainingThe training programme on installation, repairing and maintenance of Drum Kit and BucketKit was organized in various places, where the farmers, CBT members, WDT members,PIAs, LSTs of Nuapada and Bolangir district participated in the training.On the job training on manufacturing of STP, Rope and Washer pump, Pressure pump wasimparted to the concerned manufacturers. The drawing and design of the systems werediscussed with the technical staff of the manufacturers. They first made the sample proto-type under the guidance of the Quality Assurance Manager (QAM) of IDEI.A technology training programme was also organized at Moorsingh (non-WORLP area)under Deogam block of Bolangir district. Local people accepted STP and expressed theirconfidence on the efficacy of this technology. It was observed that replication of thistechnology was easy in this locality.Farmers’ training on low cost technologiesA farmers training on different low cost water lifting and distribution technologies, wasorganized by IDEI in collaboration with CBDA (PIA of Komna block) at Gatibeda of Nuapadadistrict. Thirtyseven farmers, including six women, were trained to distinguish betweenbacterial and viral wilt and to take appropriate measures. The farmers were advised to usedifferent neem based fertilizers, neemcakes in soil application to avoid soil born diseases.Similarly, to enhance the capacity on takingup different crops at low cost, a trainingprogram for farmers was organized jointly byIDEI and ASCO Patnagarh at Telenpalli.Seventy progressive farmers from 6 micro wa-tersheds participated in the training program.IDEI and ASCO Nuapada organized anothertraining at Kotenhuan under Nuapada blockfor thirtytwo farmers and four others on IDEI’slow cost technologies, viz., STP, PressurePump, Drip Irrigation, etc. They were alsotrained about the source of low cost micronutrients like vermiwash.A farmers’ training programme was conducted by IDEI at Asurmunda with the help ofSabuja Viplav, the PIA of Luisinga block. Fifty farmers along with LST, WDT membersactively participated and four farmers shared their experience on utility and benefits of STP.Similarly, another farmers training was organized at Dholmadal under Tureikela block inassociation with VIKALP,the PIA. Fiftyfive farmers actively participated in this training.Farmers’ Meetings/CampsA farmers meeting with live demo of STP, DK & vermiwash was organized at Kundaimalunder Deogaon block with the help of Deogaon PIA. Thirtyfive farmers participated, and thewatershed committee members were so impressed with the efficiency of technologies thatthey gave an indent of 15 STPs. 11


PROJECTSTATUSREPORT

A farmers training camp was organized at Dholamunda under Tureikela block by IDEI inassociation with VIKALPA in which about 45 farmers, including 6 women, participated.They were trained on vermi wash, STP and drip irrigation.A farmers meeting was organized at VISWAS campus, Khariar Road. Thirty farmers from 10villages attended it and they were trained about repair and maintenance of STP, impor-tance and installation of vermi wash, installation and minor repairing/replacement of DK(drip irrigation), etc.. After the meeting, they visited different demo plot sites where thetechnologies were installed.A big farmers meeting was held at Larambha near Patnagarh in association with RCDC inwhich 60 farmers actively participated. They were trained about IDEI’s different technolo-gies and participated in the discussion on “Constraints and opportunities in farmingsystem”.A farmer meeting was also organized at Gatibeda with twenty-five farmers. The functional-ity, efficacy, repairing and maintenance of different IDEI technologies were discussed. Threefarmers showed their interest to purchase the system.Vermiwash trainingVermi Wash trainings in different villages (other than PTD (MI) focus) area of Bolangir andNuapada districts were conducted from time to time.It was organized at Gaudapalli (New Watershed area) in association with ASCO, Patnagarh(PIA) in which 30 farmers took part along with PIA, LST & CBT members. Two units ofvermiwash were installed with farmer’s contribution.Vermi wash trainings were also conducted in the villages of Lanjimar, Bhainsadadar, Banjipani,Banjimar, Kotenenugam, Ainalapalli,Sirigidi, Chatanpada, Sorbhangvillages in Nuapada district; andKumuapalli, Ratakhandi, Rengali,Asurmunda, Khuntulimunda, Ghunesh,Telenpalli villages in Bolangir District.WorkshopsA two-day Workshop on PTD(MI) washeld at RITE, Bolangir for PIAs ofNuapada and Bolangir District on 12thand 13th August ’04. Thorough discus-sion was made on different technolo-gies developed and field tested by IDEIin the focus area of WORLP of Bolangirand Nuapada Districts. The CBT mem-bers along with the District level Govt.Officials including the District Collec-tor and PD and APDs participated. Dis-cussions were made on Water StorageBag, Customized Drip, Vermi Wash,Nursery Tray, Surface Treadle Pump,etc. The District Collector advised theparticipants to motivate the farmersto adopt the low cost and affordabletechnologies in their concerned area.Live DemosLive demonstrations on STP andvermiwash were performed in the vil-lages of Chotakendubahar, Sirigiri under the PIA, VISWAS of Nuapada, in addition to therepair and maintenance of the technology. About 45 farmers were interested to purchasethe technology through a loan component from their village SHG fund which was informedto the concerned PIA.

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PROJECTSTATUSREPORT

Exposure visitsExposure visits to demo plots fitted withdifferent technologies were conductedseveral times for the local farmers ofthe watershed Villages to create aspread-effect among the non-users ofthe micro irrigation technologies.Nursery trainingNursery training along with germina-tion tray was given at Pandripanivillage of Nuapada with the help of Ag-ricultural expert on 13th July’04 where15 farmers were present who realizedthe benefits of it and took interest topurchase germination trays. This typeof training was repeated later at otherplaces.

Exposure Visit to KarnatakaMr. Suresh Chandra Bisoyi, Chief Operating Man-ager, Regional Office, IDEI, Bhubaneswar, Mr.Gundicha Behera, Area Manager, IDEI, Bolangir,and Mr. P. K. Tripathy, Managing Director of M/s.Jagannath Merchandising Pvt. Ltd., Bhubaneswar(Distributor of IDEI promoted Technologies) wereon a field exposure visit to Karnataka for threedays (15th to 17th May) to observe the DripIrrigation Programmes (BK, DK and CustomizedDrip Systems for small and marginal farmers) ofthe State, which are being promoted by IDEIthrough private channels.This field exposure visit was very useful as a learn-ing event for the team. During the field visit manyclarifications on the Drip Irrigation Programme,particularly spacing, cropping, water requirement,flexibility in design, and calculation of water out-put of micro tubes could be obtained, and adoptedimmediately in the field of PTD area of WORLP.Besides the team also gained some knowledge onthe use of germination tray and organic mixturefor nursery, which was later demonstrated in allthe 10 Villages in PTD area during 3rd weekof May’ 04. This technology is found to be veryuseful for vegetable nursery.The whole learning exercises was shared by theteam with the other field staff of IDEI. Moreover,KB Drip (Tape System) used by the Karnatakasmall and marginal farmers was very interestingand the same system can be adopted by the smalland marginal farmers of Western Orissa throughcustomized systems. 13


PROJECTSTATUSREPORT

CAPACITY BUILDING PROGRAMMEON THE USEFULNESS OFMICRO IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGIESAND CROP PRACTICES

A series of training programs and the field exposures were organized by IDEI in thePTD (MI) area in collaboration with the local partners of WORLP. During the trainings,farmers were trained on the usefulness of different low cost water lifting and applicationtechnologies particularly on the installation, repairs and maintenance of TP & MI,preparation of vermiwash, use of micro tubes according to the plants in case of drips.IDEI staff and other experts were engaged as resource person during the capacitybuilding programs. Most of the farmers interacted with the resource persons in connectionto the repairs and maintenance of MI technologies and crop specific problems beingfaced by them.The following aspects of agronomic practices were covered by the different resourcepersons during all the trainings such as:

4 Crop and pest management,4 Use of organic fertilizer,4 Crop rotation and Multiple cropping,4 Procedure of breaking the dormancy of different seeds,4 Bio-based medicines for pest and insect attack to plants,4 Trained to distinguish between bacterial and viral wilt in brinjal and tomato4 Appropriate measures to tackle viral and bacterial wilt,4 Steps to reduce indiscriminant use of chemical fertilizer,4 Use different Neem based fertilizers like Neem cakes in soil application to avoidsoil born diseases, control stem borer and fruit & shoot borer by foliar applica-tion of Neem oil by means of using a spreader.4 How to consider the economic threshold level (ETL) of a particular crop4 The beneficial effects of Tricoderma viride as a seed treating fungicide whichis not a chemical4 Remedial measures on soil born diseases & seed treatment4 The same crop of solanaceae family was taken in the same field consecutivelyfor two to three years or more the diseases would be seen.

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PARTNERSHIP WITH PIAsBlock PIAKhaprakhol ASCO, PatnagarhAgalpur SABUJA BIPLABTureikela VIKALPA

Block PIANuapada VISWASKomna CBDA, Sunabeda

8

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PROJECTSTATUSREPORT

PROFILE OF THE FARMERS TRAINING ON TECHNOLOGIESUSEFULNESS AND DIFFERENT CROP PRACTICESSl. Date Organised In Association No. of Venue of Place forNo. By with Participants the Training Field Exposure1. 10/9/04 IDEI VISWAS 32 Nuapada Pandripani2. 18/09/04 RCDC IDEI 52 Larambha Telenpalli3. 21/09/04 IDEI Sabuja Viplav 45 Asurmunda Asurmunda& Khuntulimunda4. 1/10/04 IDEI VIKALPA 45 Dholmadal Ghunesh5. 12/10/04 ASCO, IDEI 36 Katenchua PandripaniNuapada6. 17/10/04 IDEI ASCO, 70 Telenpalli TelenpalliPatnagarh & Gaurapalli7. 19/10/04 IDEI CBDA, Nuapada 32 Gatibeda Gatibeda8. 26/10/04 RCDC IDEI 45 Gudvela Telenpalli

Sl. Name of the Location of No. of Organized Collabora-No. Farmer’s Village the Demo Plot Farmers by ting Partner1. Bakti Asurmunda 25 Sabuja Viplav IDEI2. Bagbhal Asurmunda 35 Sabuja Viplav IDEI3. Mursundi Asurmunda 15 Sabuja Viplav IDEI4. Khaliapalli Asurmunda 21 Sabuja Viplav IDEI5. Khuntulimunda Asurmunda 12 Farmers IDEI6. Salebata Asurmunda 18 Farmers IDEI7. Jorasinga (Deogaon) Asurmunda 25 Cendret Bolangir IDEI8. Kalmidadar Pandripani 22 VISWAS IDEI9. Pandripani Kalmidadar 22 VISWAS IDEI10. Sindhibhalli Telenpalli 20 ASCO, Patnagarh IDEI11. Muribahal Ghunesh 30 LWSI IDEI12. Bhalukuna Ghunesh 25 IDEI VIKALPA13. Dhojabhata Gatibeda 8 IDEI CBDA

PROFILE OF FARMERS VISIT TO DIFFERENT DEMO PLOTSOF PTD (MI) FOCUS AREA

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Monitoring Functional Efficacy(Water Lifting Devices)

Sl. No. 1 2 3 Name of the Products 8 SURFACE TREADLE PUMP (STP) PRESSURE PUMP (PP) ROPE & WASHER PUMP (RWP)

Installation l Proper super structure causes l Temporary installation is done l Proper and permanentsmooth operation to avoid theft installation is madel Rigid pump base ensures better l Support structure made properlyperformance

Suction Depth l Bolangir District - 17’ min & 22’ max l Bolangir District - 6’ min & 10’ max l Bolangir District - 32’ & 30’l Nuapada District - 16’ min & 22’ max l Nuapada District - 8’ l Nuapada District - 34’

Water Discharge l Bolangir District - 3800 lph avg. l Bolangir District - 1800 lph avg. l Bolangir District - 1900 lph avg.l Nuapada District - 3700 lph avg. l Nuapada District - 1500 lph avg. l Nuapada District - 1500 lph

Leakages l No leakages found so far l No leakages found so far l No Leakages found so farFunctionality l Operation - Easy l Operation - Easy l Operation - Easy

l No abnormal noise found l Delivery - up to 100 ‘ horizontally l Discharge satisfactoryand 8’ highCondition of Key l Bushes worn out by 0.2 mm. l Components worn out - Bucket l Piston cups not worn outComponents l Components worn out - Bucket washer (composition have been l Rope not worn outwasher & check valve (Composition changed) l Welding cracks - onceof these parts have been changed) l Bushes worn out by 0.1 mm.

l Welding cracks - Nil l Welding cracks - NilMaintenance l Proper lubrication done l Lubrication - Properly done l Welding done onceCarried out l Cleanliness maintained satisfactory l Cleanliness - Satisfactory l No other expenses made onmaintenanceParts Changed/ l Bucket Washer l Bucket Washer - Once l Handle lock nut (1 case) -Repaired l Check Valve Repaired Once

l Axle (3 cases) - Oncel Stopper Valve (1 case) - Once

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Monitoring Functional Efficacy(Drip Irrigation System)

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Name of the Products 8 BUCKET KIT DRUM KIT CUSTOMIZED DRIPInstallation l Properly made l Rigid & permanent l Rigid & permanentTank Capacity l 25 liters l 200 liters l 300 liter Min & 500 liters maxMethod of filling l Manual l Manual l Pressure Pump & overhead tankthe tankNo. of irrigation l Twice l Twice l Twiceper dayWater applied l 25 liters l 200 liters l 600 liters min & 1000 liters maxper dayMicro tube l 1.8 liters per hour (Max) l 2.1 liters per hour (Max) l 2.48 liters per hour (Max)dischargeMaintenance l Improper fencing caused crop l Proper handling ensures l Properly maintaineddamage longer life l Sub-main buried under

l Improper handling caused tap & l Laterals buried under earth earth for better safetyfilter breakage for better safetyClogging of l 25% (Tapped to make them l 10% (Tapped or blown to l 5% (Blown to make themmicro tubes clear) make them clear) clear)Parts changed l Tap & filter (once in 3 cases) l Filter (once in five cases) l No parts changed so far

l Filter (twice in one case)l Top (once in one case)

Condition of l Lateral & micro tubes are in l Laterals & micro tubes are l Sub-main pipes, KB drip laterals &components good condition in good condition micro tubes are in good condition


PROJECTSTATUSREPORT

FAMILY NUTRITION KITThe family nutrition kit has been designedto irrigate 88 vegetable plants in 20 m2area in the backyard of the house. Thesystem comprises of:4 One 20 liter capacity plastic storagebag4 One filter4 One valve4 125 micron thick KB drip tape4 KB TEE joints4 20 cm long micro tube drippers.This ready made system costs only Rs.125 to the farmer. One unit was installedin the village Bhalukuna close to the Rope& Washer Pump. The plastic bag washanged at a height of 0.7 meters withthe help of a support structure.The field evaluation will be carried outlater on the basis of emission uniformity,plant growth & productivity.The basic purpose of the system is tomake it affordable for the women farmersto grow vegetables in the backyard forfamily consumption, and for sale in casethere is a surplus. Another purpose is thatthey will be able to learn about thetechnology and get the confidence forfurther expansion for commercial use.

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Monitoring Functionality of VermiwashFeeding:

Once in each five days.Vermi Mortality:

1. Proper aeration is ensured by providing a little gap between 2 pots to avoid suffocationof the Vermi.2. Raw cow dung slurry is used at the top most layer and not on the middle layer.

Safety Factors:Neem oil is applied at the base of the tripod stand to avoid ant attack.

Storing of Vermiwash:1. Normally vermiwash is stored by the farmers in glass container which degrades thequality (to be stored in covered earthen containers).2. Diluted vermiwash is stored by the farmers, which would not be very effective (theywere advised to apply immediately after diluting).3. Farmers spray the vermiwash by the sprayer used previously for spraying chemicals/pesticides by which the quality of vermiwash become ineffective (they were told toproperly clean the sprayer before spraying vermiwash).


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I m p a c t A s s e s s m e n tA study was conducted by Ms. Shruti Mishra, Student, Indian Institute of PlantationManagement, Bangalore in the project villages of Bolangir and Nuapada districts, identifiedby WORLP and IDEI. About 6 villages under 3 blocks were chosen for the study. The villagesare Asurmunda, Khuntlimunda, Telenpalli, Sindhbahi in Bolangir and Pandripani andKalmidadhal in Nuapada district. The sample size was restricted to only 20 farmers due totime constraint. It included users who were given STP on trial, users those who havepurchased STP and non-users who use any other mode of irrigation.In agriculture, women actively participate with their male counterpart in all the activitiesright from transplanting to harvesting. Even in irrigation, which demands heavy physicallabor, women take part. They prepare drainage channels and sometime even operate thetenda.Objectives:l To study the impact of STP on overall farmingsystem of the household.l To study the impact of the pump on thewomen members of the practicinghouseholds.Methodology:Both qualitative and quantitative type of researchwas conducted for the study. Qualitative researchhelped to unearth the in-depth feelings andmotivations of the users. Both primary andsecondary data were collected.The study was conducted in the selected projectvillages of WORLP and IDE by taking samples ofusers and non-users. The samples were collectedon random basis.Findings:8 STP has helped to decrease the physicalstrain that was meted out by tenda on themen folks as they mainly operated it. Theyused to face a lot of physical problems likebackache, pain in the rib cage, etc. STP hasreduced these problems, as it is easier touse.8 The women admitted that use of STP hasincreased the work pressure on them as nowthey have started operating STP along withperforming other farming activities, as it iseasier to operate than the “tenda”.8 The women also admitted that operating STPwas painful in the beginning but later on asthey became acquainted with it the paingradually subsided. So, it can be concludedthat STP is causing negligible drudgery.8 STP has also helped in the reduction of labor charges, as it is easier to install andoperate than the tenda. Therefore, the users are not hiring labors for irrigation insteadthey are taking help from the family.8 Use of STP has improved the economic condition as previously they used to cultivate asmall patch with the help of a tenda resulting in less production and less earning.8 With increased production of vegetables they could consume more amount withouthesitation as it was plentily available in the backyard. Thus, STP has helped in increasingtheir nutrition level by providing more balanced diets.

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Case Study 1SUBUKASHI PUTELTransformation of life from a nightmare to a sweet dreamLife was a nightmare for 35 years old Subuskashi Putel, a widowof Telenpalli village. With a hope for better living she remarriedChandramani Putel, a 65 year old man of the same village. Butthe living conditions didn’t improve much. They had about half anacre of land, which they were unable to utilize properly. Neitherthey had bullock for ploughing nor they had sufficient money tohire labor for each and every farming activity. With an old, weakand ailing husband the onus of running the household wascompletely on Subukashi’s shoulder. Moreover without any childrenor any other possible help, she was completely alone and had todo everything on her own, which was sometime troublesome.But somehow they had managed to install a “tenda” and hired alabor to operate it. Due to dearth of money they were not able toutilize even that small plot of land and had a small amount ofincome, which, after paying labor cost was insufficient to run thehousehold.One day she came to know about STP, which was given to heras a trial offer of IDEI. The pump changed her life to a positivedirection. It was easy to install and operate, so she didn’t requirelabors to irrigate her land as now she could do it by herself.Instead, she hired a pair of bullock for ploughing and labor for landpreparation. Previously the land used to remain fallow duringsummer but this year after installing STP she utilized the entireland. This year she also grew brinjal, onion, greens, tomato andchilli. She irrigated her land on her own and got a good income.That small plot helped her to generate about Rs.2000 by sellingvegetables apart from household consumption. In addition shehas grown some lemon plants bordering the plot that gave her ahandsome income of Rs.2000. Now she has started duck rearingby taking a loan of Rs.1000 from their village SHG.She appreciates the utility of STP and the benefits for the poorfarmers like her.


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Case Study 2RAMAKRISHNA PRADHANA boon in form of STPThis year to marry off his daughter lavishly would have remained a distant dream for Ramakrishna Pradhan butthanks to STP, which turned his dream into reality. For him to run a family with nine children during summer is athorny matter. But STP became a quick solution for all his problems.He has about 10 acres of land and 1 acre of kitchen garden. But dearth of water during summer makes it difficult forhim to cultivate anything on the kitchen garden. Somehow, he managed to cultivate vegetables in a small portion outof it with the help of a tenda every year; but the production was not sufficient for the entire family. They also used towork as labourers in the fields of neighbours to run the household.But things took a different turn after he was offered STP on trial basis by IDEI. He gave the entire responsibility of the kitchengarden to his wife and daughters, as now he and his sons are free from the trouble of irrigating the plot. His sons whoearlier used to operate tenda in order to irrigate their land, got engaged in cattle trade and he himself dug a well in the mainrice field and cemented it, the work that he was unable to accomplish for a long time. Ramakrishna Pradhan now wants toengage himself as a shopkeeper (ration).His wife and daughters took the onus of cultivating vegetables in their backyard and grew guar (cluster bean), okraand greens. The amount produced is sold and consumed at home. They had a profit of about Rs.2000-2500 afterselling the vegetables. Moreover, they could consume satisfactorily which was never possible before. The moneyearned was contributed to his daughter’s marriage. He confesses that her marriage was possible only due to theextra income they earned with the help of STP.He is satisfied with it and is willing to use it next year and is interested to increase the land area. For him STP cameas a boon into his life and changed the scenario of his life.STP has made a great impact on my life and I am indebted to it, says Ramakrishna.

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B E N E F I T S and C O S T S ...STP20 farmers used STP in 10 villages. The period of cultivation was from February to October.One crop was taken all 20 farmers and the second crop was taken by 3 farmers.Additional area brought under irrigation:Area brought under irrigation was 8.62 acres with an average irrigated area of 0.43 acresper farmer. The area irrigated per farmer ranged from a minimum of 0.18 acres to a maximumof 1 acre. They are categorized as follows:

l 4 (25%) of farmers irrigated between 0.18 to 0.22 acresl 7 (35%) of farmers irrigated between 0.25 to 0.4 acresl 7 (35%) of farmers irrigated between 0.5 to 0.6 acresl 2 (10%) of farmers irrigated land in excess of 0.7 acres

This experience clearly shows that farmers are comfortable in using STP in irrigating up toan area of 1 acre. Farmers owning land as low as 0.18 acres are comfortable in using STPand think that it is a better option for irrigation. The majority of the farmers have used STPin irrigating lands between 0.2 to 0.6 acres.Additional agricultural production:The Gross value of the agriculture produce, generated by using an STP among the 20farmers amounted to Rs.150,178. The average gross value produced per farmer was Rs.7,509.The gross value of produce generated ranged from Rs.3,255 to Rs.13,000. They arecategorized as follows:

l 7 (35%) of farmers produced agriculture produce in the range of Rs.3000-5000.l 1 (5%) of farmers produced agriculture produce in the range of Rs.5000-7500.l 7 (35%) of farmers produced agriculture produce in the range of Rs.7500-10000.l 5 (25%) of farmers produced agriculture produce greater than Rs.10000.

Cost of Cultivation:The cost of cultivation, among the 20 farmers amounted to Rs.48,218. The average cost ofcultivation per farmer was Rs.2,411. The cost of cultivation ranged from Rs.865 to Rs.4,150.They are categorized as follows:

l 7 (35%) of farmers had a cost of cultivation in the range of Rs.800-1500.l 2 (10%) of farmers had a cost of cultivation in the range of Rs.1500-2500.l 7 (35%) of farmers had a cost of cultivation in the range of Rs.2500-3500.l 4 (20%) of farmers had a cost of cultivation greater than Rs.3500.

This gives an indication of the amount of money that farmers are willing to invest aftergetting access to an irrigating device. The cost of cultivation as a percentage of the totalgross value is 32% on the whole and ranges between 21-37%, with most farmers fallingbetween 29-33%. With the help of assured irrigation, which the STP offers, farmers canearn Rs.3 on an investment of Re.1. 21


PROJECTSTATUSREPORT

What happens to the production?Not all the agriculture produces is sold in themarket, nor is it all consumed. Farmers, dependingon family size and need for cash income, alwaysgo in for a combination of consumption and salesto earn cash income. For every Re. 1 of vegetablesconsumed by the family, about Rs.5.50 is sold atthe market. An average of 10% of the produce isconsumed with a minimum of 4% and a maximumof 14%. On an average each family has consumedRs.728 worth of vegetables. Our field experienceshows that most of the vegetables were sold at arate of Rs.5-7 with farmers getting rates as highas Rs.15 (for short spells during the summer).This means that every family in a spell of eightmonths have consumed 100 kilograms of freshvegetables which was previously not part of theirdiet, as they neither produced it nor had the cashincome to purchase it.What happens to the remaining produce – itis sold in the nearby haats or within the village togenerate hard cash for poor smallholder families.The Cash Income, generated by using a STP amongthe 20 farmers amounted to Rs.86,272. Theaverage cash income generated per farmer wasRs.4,314. The cash income generated ranged fromRs.1,925 to Rs.7,810. They are categorized asfollows:

l 7 (35%) of farmers produced agricultureproduce in the range of Rs.1900-3000.l 6 (30%) of farmers produced agricultureproduce in the range of Rs.3000-5000.l 5 (25%) of farmers produced agricultureproduce in the range of Rs.5000-7000.l 2 (10%) of farmers produced agricultureproduce greater than Rs.7000.

An average cash income of Rs.4,314 and newconsumption worth Rs.728 adds up toRs.5,402 in a period of eight months, amongfarmers who fall under the poverty line is a significant impact.

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CASES OF BENUDHARAND NARAYANBenudhar Majhi is a very interestingcase. He has been able to make themost productive use of his assets, theland, labour and his new acquisition theSurface Treadle Pump.If we extrapolate the data collected onan acre basis, we find that BenudharMajhi has been able to generateagriculture produce equivalent toRs.25,000 per acre, a cash income ofRs.14,000 per acre and consumptionof Rs.3,000 per acre. Although he hascultivated only 0.5 acres of land, he hasbeen very efficient in use of assets andamong this lies more lessons to belearned which can be transferred toother farmers.Like Benudhar Majhi, Narayan Majhihas been able to generate agricultureproduce equivalent to Rs.11,300 peracre, a cash income of Rs.6,000 peracre and consumption of Rs.1,500 peracre. Narayan Majhi is happy for beingable to irrigate his 0.32 aceres of landand earn Rs.1,940 in cash income andconsume Rs.500 worth of vegetables,but he is not yet aware on what he ismissing out.This is where IDEI is progressing todemonstrate how to optimizesmallholder production and create themaximum out of limited resources.Therefore, after addressing waterconstraints in terms of lifting,application and storage, it is necessaryto address market related constraints,which look at inputs, knowledge baseof crop production, market linkages,etc.


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Drip Irrigation is being heard, seen and used for the first time by these small farmers withlittle access to water. The objective is to gauge acceptance of the concept to irrigate byusing drip. Based on observations and farmer feedback over the past eight months, it issafe to conclude that the concept of drip irrigating is being accepted and the BK being usedfor domestic consumption.The BK irrigates a small patch of land, is tended better and applies water in a more judiciousmanner that flood irrigation; productivity happens to much better. Data show that with thissystem of irrigation, for every rupee invested, farmers can earn Rs.5.The objective of this product is not to enhance income but rather to meet domesticconsumption needs. The farmers are categorized in the following manner:

l 3 (30%) have used the BK exclusively for consumption needs.l 3 (30%) have used the BK in a balanced manner, partly for consumption and partlyfor generating cash income.l 4 (40%) others have used the BK for generating cash income.

On closer observation, we have noticed that in the case of the last four families, the familysize is limited to the couple and their only child. Therefore even the produce generated bythe BK was more than what they consumed at home and was therefore put to use forgenerating cash income.This technology is operated and maintained by women.

The objective of introducing the Drum kit was targeted at smallholders who were faced withwater stress issues. This product, besides meeting domestic needs could produce enoughto start making cash incomes. Our experiences with 10 families threw up the followingobservations:l All 10 families continue to use the DK.l With assured irrigation, farmers could earn Rs.4 for every rupee invested.l Cost of cultivation per acre went up by 10% compared to a treadle pump – this isdespite the fact that the DK irrigates a smaller area and normally plots are bettertended and use more inputs on an average.l One of the reasons, why costs have not gone up is because of lesser costs in weeding,fertilizer etc.l Productivity per acre is 38% higher when compared to a treadle pump. This clearlyproves the superiority of drip irrigated plots.l Overall returns are 50% higher in terms of drip irrigated plots.l For every Re.1 of vegetables consumed by the family, Rs.5 is sold at the market.l Cash incomes are significant and are at an equivalent of Rs.25,000 per acre alongwith consumption at Rs.10,000 per acre.

The twin strategy in the future, based on these observations is:l To continue with the smaller kits which will meet domestic needs.l Market larger systems to make a significant impact on cash income.l Concentrate on geographical areas where we are water stressed.l Concentrate on farmers who have access to little water. 23

Bucket Kit (BK)

Drum Kit (DK)


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Creation of various demo plots installed with different micro irrigation technologies in thePTD area and the exposure visit of farmers from other areas to those demo plots caused aspread effect and the demand for using such technologies was seen. This tempted IDEI togo for extensive promotion and sale of those technologies in areas other than PTD (MI)focus area.Reaching OutA total of 823 numbers of men and women were reached out within and outside of WORLParea in the districts of Bolangir, Nuapada, Bargarh & Kalahandi.SalesThe successful execution of such promotional activities caused a good number of farmersmotivated to purchase the technologies. The details are as follows:

Name of the Technology sold Servicesvillage STP DK BK CDS VW Nursery Horticultural SylviculturalTray Saplings SaplingsAsurmunda 22 02 01 02 12 02 -- --Khuntulimunda 12 01 01 -- 04 02 -- --Ghunesh 11 01 01 -- 14 02 -- --Bhalukuna 09 01 02 -- 12 02 -- --Pandripani 02 01 02 -- 10 -- -- --Kalmidadar 02 01 01 -- 08 02 -- --Sinapalli 30 07 05 -- 02 -- -- --Thutibar 06 -- -- -- 04 01 -- --Gudbela 20 -- -- -- 04 -- -- --Gatibeda 06 01 -- -- 08 02 -- --Telenpalli 08 -- 01 01 14 -- -- --Gaurapalli 01 -- -- -- 08 20 -- --Rengali 02 -- -- -- 02 -- 280 40Phalsamal -- -- -- -- 04 -- 350 --Ratakhandi 04 01 -- -- 04 -- 120 60Budabahal -- -- -- -- -- -- 70 --Banipalli 04 -- -- -- 02 -- 600 40Kusanga -- -- -- -- -- -- 200 40Total 139 16 14 03 112 33 1620 180

Production Planning of STP & Other TechnologiesIn the beginning of the project, there was only one manufacturer i.e. M/s. Subash Iron &Agricultural Industry, Kesinga, who has produced modified the Surface Treadle Pumpfor the PTD work. However, the volume of demand created due to the extensive promotionalactivities carried out during the past months forced us to think of bridging the gap betweenthe demand and supply in the future. Thus, a new manufacturer was finalized to producethe Surface Treadle Pump, Rope & Washer Pump and Pressure Pump to supply as and whenthe demand generates. This manufacturer M/s. Nayak Industries, Bolangir, is capableenough to meet the demand of the technologies. QAM, IDEI had been involved in theprocess starting from the selection of this manufacturer, providing related training to theirworkers in connection with the manufacturing process. They were also trained on how to becareful in maintaining quality and to enhance the durability of the product, and enable thepoor farmers to own trouble free, zero maintenance products.

Reaching Out & Promotion of MI Systems


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Supply Chain DevelopmentIn order to cater to the upcoming demand from the field, IDEI had already set up a dealers’network for selling treadle pumps as well as drip irrigation systems. These dealers arelocated at the block level and will further be expanded to the GP level to enable the farmersfor easy access to the technologies. The dealers will not only sell the technology but alsowill extend their hand in providing after sales service to the farmers by keeping spare parts.The dealers will also undergo related training on the issues as and when required. The listof distributors and dealers those are engaged in promoting the technologies are as mentionedbelow:

Sl. No. District Block Address Status01. Bolangir Bolangir M/s. Sreema Seeds, Stall No.4, DistributorIn front of Main Court, New MarketComplex, Near Sambadik Bhawan,Bolangir02. Bolangir Bolangir M/s. Janapriya Seeds Store, DealerAt/PO: Brahmanapada, Bolangir03. Bolangir Bolangir M/s. Bharat Agarwal Agriculture Store DealerAt/PO: Chudapalli04. Bolangir Kantabanjhi M/s. Tarun Mill Stores, DealerAt/PO: Indira Chhak, Kantabanji05. Bolangir Khaprakhol M/s. Bharat Seeds Store, DealerAt/PO: Dhandamunda, Via: Khaprakhol06. Bargarh Bargarh M/s. Krushak Bandhu, At/PO: Bargarh Dealer07. Bargarh Atabira M/s. Krushak Bandhu, DealerAt/PO: Main Road, Atabira08. Bargarh Veden M/s. Sairam Pesticides, DealerAt/PO: Main Road, Veden09. Bargarh Paikamal M/s. Agarwal Fertiliser & Pesticides, DealerAt/PO: Paikmal10. Kalahandi Kesinga M/s. Hariom Sara Bikraya Kendra, DistributorIn front of Block Office,Main Road, PO. Kesinga11. Kalahandi Bhawanipatna M/s. Jagruti Seeds, At: Market Complex, DealerIrrigation Colony, Bhawanipatna12. Kalahandi Lanjigarh M/s. Chintamani Stores, DealerAt/PO: Biswanathpur13. Kalahandi Narla M/s. Alok Ku. Chand, At/PO: Narla Dealer14. Kalahandi Junagarh M/s. Lankeswar Krishi Saranjam, DealerAt/PO: Junagarh15. Kalahandi Karlamunda M/s. Kuntala Fertilizer & Seed Store, DealerAt/PO: Karlamunda16. Nuapada Rajkhariar M/s. Trivedi Seeds & Fertilizer, DistributorAt:/PO: Raj Khariar17. Nuapada Komna M/s. Abid Fertilizers At/PO: Komna Dealer18. Nuapada Nuapada M/s. Kalinga Seeds, At/PO: Nuapada Dealer19. Nuapada Boden M/s. Mukesh Kiran Stores, At/PO: Boden Dealer20. Nuapada Sinapalli M/s. Meher Agro Complex, At/PO: Sinapalli Dealer


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PromotionThe various promotion measures adopted in the past months are:n Haat Demo: Haat is usually a weekly market place where people mainly the farmersbelonging to the villages within a distance of about 25 km assemble to have sales andpurchase transaction of their produces and essential commodities. The live demonstrationof our technologies is conducted at a central place of the haat. Farmers get an opportunityto see the live demo and enquire about the product. Audio system, individual interactionand leaflets are used to disseminate information. A list of potential farmers and theirvillages is prepared.n Village Demo: Subsequently the potential villages are visited to further strengthen theinterest and desire of the farmers. A live demonstration of the technology is organizedin the village followed by discussion where in the villagers (men and women) assembleto witness the event.n Short Campaign: The objective of the short campaign is to create the mass awarenessof the product, price and their availability. Usually done for a new area or if a specificarea needs such program in terms of mass awareness. Done by a jeep, trekker or autoand even rickshaw depending on the area coverage. Leaflets are distributed during theevent.n Farmers’ Meeting: Farmers meeting is another step which is sometimes followed by avillage demonstration or organized independently. The objective is to convince thevillagers about the utility and motivate the farmers in a group to purchase and adoptthe KB technology.n Farmers’ Training: Farmers training is basically on installation, repair & maintenanceof the technology. The knowledge and skill transmitted help them to operate and maintainthe technology on their own.n Utilizing the technology user farmer as Resource Person: Technology user farmerexpertise and experiences are utilized in farmer meetings to help convince the otherfarmers to adopt technology. A farmer believes another farmer. Therefore is one of theeffective promotional tools.n Exposure Visits: For farmers “seeing is believing”. Suitable fields with application oftechnology and crops are identified and selected farmer are taken there for exposure,which helps in convincing them about KB technology and ultimately generating sales.n Static Promotion: Leaflets, banners, audio cassettes, wall paintings, posters, dealerboard, T-shirt, cap, key ring.IDEI’s promotion strategy follows the following model:

Awareness 8 Interest 8 Desire 8 ActionDepending on the area assessment as per the above chain a promotion mix is prepared forintervention in specific areas. IDEI’s past experience in rural marketing, the farmer’s feed-back, PIA’s suggestions helped to put the strategy and plan in action. The field staff of IDEIorganized events where in the PIAs and their representatives also were involved. Moreoverfor static promotional materials a graphic standard manual was printed which was followedfor printing different promotion materials.Educating Farmers on Installation and Repair & MaintenanceThe farmers, after buying the pump, need proper guidance on the installation andmaintenance. Thus we have developed users’ maintenance manual for STP, Drip Irrigation(Customized), DK & BK, which will be accompanied by each and every product sold. Thesample of this manual is attached as an annexure.


PROJECTSTATUSREPORT

l Dr. Liz Keff and Mr. Ashok Kumar Mohanty, Consultants, DFID visited different demoplots of Pandripani under Nuapada block of Nuapada district, accompanied by the WDTmember of VISWAS, APD, Area Manager and Field Officer of IDEI. (30th September2004)l Mr. G. Bhaskar Reddy, IFS, Director, Orissa Watershed Development Mission (OWDM),Bhubaneswar along with Mr. Martin Stewert, Team Leader, PST, NR International,Bhubaneswar visited the field and made observations of different demo plots. (12thOctober 2004)l Mr. Ashok Das, the News Editor, AEI ODISHA, visited Gaudapalli and Ghunesh villagesto observe the reality of the field situation and to prepare a documentary film on thevarious development intervention of WORLP. (14th & 15th October 2004)l The District Collector and PD, District Watershed Mission visited the demo sites as wellas the farmers’ fields where the IDEI technologies were installed. (3rd Week of October2004)l The British Parliamentary Team comprising of Mr. Tony Warthington, MP; Mr. John Barret,MP; Mr. Huge Bayley, MP; Ms. Hannah Weston, Secretary; along with the DFIDdelegates Mr. Gopi Menon, Advisor; Dr. Virendra Sharma, Senior Deputy ProgrammeManager; and Mrs. Gita Unnikrishnan, visited Moorsing village on 24th October andinteracted with the farmers on the different low-cost MI technology and other aspects.They also witnessed the vermi wash technology initiated by IDEI. Moreover the teamvisited the village of Asurmunda of Agalpur block along with the District Collector, PD,District Watershed Mission and other district level officers. (25th October 2004)l A group of farmers from Muribahal block visited the demo fields of water storage bagand pressure pump integrated with drum kit (drip irrigation) site at Telenpalli on 12thSeptember 2004.l The DFID delegates Mr. T.S. Damodaran and Mr. Dutt visited the field of ASCO Patnagarhalong with the PD watershed, CBT and LST members. They made observations on vermiwash, nursery tray, STP and interacted with the farmers on the economic benefits ofdifferent low cost technologies introduced by IDEI on 13th September 2004.l The documentation team comprising of Ms. Meena Biligi, Consultant, Gender Developmentvisited Pandripani, Kalmidadar and interacted with the farmers on the use and benefitsof STP, BK, DK and R & W pump. (13th September 2004)l The DFID delegates visited Pandripani village of Nuapada and and observed theapplication and usefulness of R & W pump, STP & vermi wash. (14th September 2004)l The Director, Orissa Watershed Development Mission along with PD, APD, Watershed,and CBT members visited different sites of Bolangir District and advised for theintervention of IDEI technology in other Watershed Villages of WORLP and non-WORLParea. (12th October 2004)l WORLP consultant Mr. R. P. Dwivedi visited different sites of WORLP and interacted withthe farmers on the usefulness of various MI technologies during the last week of August2004.l Mr. P. K. Jena, IAS, Director, Orissa Watershed Development Mission (OWDM) also visitedthe STP demonstration plots and discussed with the users of treadle pumps during hisreview program of the WORLP during March 2004 and last week of August 2004.l Dr. Elizabeth Kiff and Dr. Ashok Kumar Mohanty, Consultants, DFID, visited the demoplots in Khuntulimunda village and examined the efficacy of STP and Bucket Kit installedin that village. (5th March 2004)

V i s i t o r s ...

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PROJECTSTATUSREPORT

l Time taken to understand the process of manufacturing of a new product.l Dependence on one manufacturer created problems.l Regular increase in steel prices lead to lesser profit margin.l Bought out components supplied from Kolkata reached late, causing untimely supply.l STP demand clashed with demand of other seasonal products.l Procuring drip components from other states caused delay in implementation.l Farmers’ feedback contributed a lot in standardizing STP.l Exposure visit to Karnataka gave more clarity on low cost drip irrigation.l Crop spacing and number of micro tube(s) per plant -- the key factor for drip system.l Community link workers can be motivated as a service provider through businessprinciples.l Overwhelming response from farmers on Vermi wash.l Introduction of nursery tray -- an experiment for nursery entrepreneurship.l Good response from farmers on rope and washer pump and pressure pump.l More feedback awaited on water storage bag.l Individual farmer contact, focus group discussion, regular field visit and follow-up gaveus a good learning.l Regular interaction with CBT, LST, PSU, PST, PIA AD, PD, APD and cooperation fromdistrict administration helped in smooth execution of project.l Inputs from director - OWDM, NR International and consultants encouraged us to lookinto the critical aspects.l Monthly staff meeting enabled us for reviewing the progress and better planning.l Proper documentation helped in analysing the facts and having better communication.

M a j o r L e a r n i n g s

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l Orissa Watershed Development Mission (OWDM), Bhubaneswarl Natural Resources International Ltd., Bhubaneswarl Department for International Development (DFID)l Government of Orissal Consultants of DFID and WORLPl District Administration of Bolangir and Nuapadal District Watershed Mission, Bolangir and Nuapadal PST, PSU, CBT, LST, WDTl All PIAs of WORLP and Non-WORLP of Bolangir and Nuapada Districtl WD Committees, SHGs and other stakeholders of WORLP

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS


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Farmers’ Feedback on Various ProductsThe farmers feedback was collected during the field visit by our staff at various level andthose are summarized below. The facts mentioned below are not point out by all farmersusing the product but we have listed down all the points mentioned by them. Howevermodifications are made where ever possible keeping many factors in mind such as cost,simplicity, design and performance.

Sl. Name of the Farmers’ Feedback Action TakenNo. products1 Surface l Easy to operate (Can operate 1-2Treadle Pump hours continuously)(STP) l Easy to change bucket washer &check valve

l Water discharge is sufficient enoughfor irrigationl Bucket washer is not of very good l Composition of bucket washerquality check valve changed

l Thickness of check valvel Check valve quality is also not good increasedl Pedals are shaking after using for 45 l It’s a normal wear & tear ofdays the bushesl Cylinder height should be increased l Increasing cylinder height willas the water comes out of cylinder lower the stroke length andat the back hence the water discharge willbe lesserl Gap between pedals should be increased l This has been tried before andby another 2-3 inches to avoid foot it was seen that increasing gapfouling will cause a change in designin which fitting of check valvewill be difficult. The cost willalso increase. Hence it is notdesired.

2 Pressure Pump l Easy to operate at suction depth up(PP) to 10 feetl Water discharge is satisfactoryl Its good to carry water to longerdistance and fill the drum forcustomized drip systemsl Operation feels hard while lifting l It’s natural as the total head isbeyond 20 feet with a suction depth maximum 40 feet and at 30 feetof 10 feet (though no one is using to head operation will be littlelift to such height) hard.l Bucket washers become hard if not used l Composition of bucket washerfor more than 10 days (need to apply changedsome oil)

3 Rope & l Very easy to lift water from higherWasher Pump suction depth(RWP) l Installation of this pump is verytechnical (we need help from IDEIstaff)l Water discharge is satisfactoryl It’s a no maintenance pumpl Handle slips on the axle l Lock nut doubled to preventslippage

Annexure: 1

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PROJECTSTATUSREPORT

Sl. Name of the Farmers’ Feedback Action TakenNo. products4 Bucket Kit l Good for kitchen garden to have(BK) fresh vegetables for own consumption

l Not commercially viable as it coversless area l Vendor supplying the filtersl Filters break very fast changed

5 Drum Kit (DK) l Less labor oriented system l Tried successfully with a druml Difficult to pour water in the drum fitted at 0.5 meter heightfitted at a height of 1 meter l Vendor supplying these partsl Taps and filters break quite often changed

6 Customized l Pressure pump is necessary to fill upDrip System the tank(CDS) l Very good system for commercialpurposel Knowledge on the installation is required l Orientation to the channelpartners given

l User’s Manual has beenprepared

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PROJECTSTATUSREPORT

Annexure: 2KB Drip: An Innovation in Low Cost Drip IrrigationThe major breakthrough in low cost micro tube drip system came with KB drip which haslay-flat laterals of 125 micron and 250 micron wall thickness and are 16.5 mm in diameter.The idea of using thin wall tubing for drip irrigation came up from the experience of usingPepsi candy tube in cotton irrigation in Madhya Pradesh. The farmers who used Pepsi primarilyused it for pre-sowing of cotton as this tube could last up to six weeks, developed algaebuild-up and was not UV (Ultra Violet) resistant. As a result, it was unsuitable for irrigatingthe crop for the full season. IDEI took the very same idea of thin wall tubing for lateralsfurther and developed what is now known as KB drip. KB drip was developed and standardizedusing a mixture of Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) and Low Density Polyethylene(LDPE) with carbon black to make it durable and resistant to stress cracking, deteriorationfrom UV light and internal algae build-up.Besides offering the common advantages of drip irrigation such as efficient water use,improved yields, labor and fertilizer saving, KB drip offers additional unique advantages:Removes Entry Barrier for SmallholdersKB drip differs from commercial state-of-the-art drip irrigation systems. It is significantlylower in cost, available in small packages, operates at very low pressures and is easy tounderstand and operate. It does not even require a high initial investment.Energy SavingKB drip can operate at 1 – 3 meters inlet pressure head. Lower operating pressure reducesenergy requirement. Water can be filled into a storage tank and then used through gravitypressure. Pepsi candy is a thin white plastic tube filled with frozen flavored water. This iscommonly sold in rural India as an ice lolly and is popularly known as pepsi.Basic Components of KB DripA typical KB drip system will contain each of the following components:l Water Source: KB drip works with gravity pressure of overhead tank or it can beconnected to a pump that lifts water from sources such as a well, farm pond, storagetank or a stream/canal.l Control Valve: This is made from plastic or metal. It regulates required flow of water inthe system. Different sizes of valves are used depending on flow rate.l Filter: In line screen filter of 75 – 100 mesh with unobstructed screen area of 400 cm2

is used to ensure clean water to enter into the system and minimize clogging in microtube emitters. Different sizes of filters are available depending on flow rate of water inthe system.l Mainline: This is a Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) or Polyethylene (PE) pipe to convey waterfrom source to sub-main. Polyethylene pipe material is normally made from HDPE. Thesize of pipe depends on flow rate of water in the system.l Sub-Main: This is a PVC/HDPE/MDPE pipe to supply water to the lateral pipes. Lateralpipes are connected to the sub main pipe at regular intervals. The size of pipe dependson flow rate of water in the system.l Lateral: These are LLDPE/LDPE pipes placed along the rows of the crop on which microtube emitters are connected directly or through spaghetti to provide water to emitters.The lateral pipe size is from 12 mm to 16 mm in most of the drip systems.l Micro-tube: These are LLDPE tubes with an inner diameter ranging 1.2 mm to 1.5 mm.The discharge from the micro tube is directly proportional to the operating pressure andinversely proportional to its length. The operating pressure that is required can be aslow as 1 m to 5 m. 31


PROJECTSTATUSREPORT

Basic components of KB dripFittings: Various fittings required in KB drip systemsare described below.8 Tee Connector

Tee connectors of various sizes are required inADITI systems to connect a branch to the mainpipe, Main pipe to Sub-main pipes, Lateral pipesto Sub-main pipes etc. The Tee Connectors canbe Equal Tee or Reducing type Tee viz.12mm x12mm, 16mm x 12mm, 16mm x 16mm, 25mmx 12mm, 32mm x 12mm etc.8 Straight Connector

Also called a joiner, it required to connect pipes.It can be an Equal joiner or a Reducing joiner viz.12mm x 12mm, 12mm x 16mm, 25mm x 32mm,32mm x 40mm, 40mm x 50mm etc.8 Take-Off

It is used to connect lateral pipes to the sub-main pipe in larger systems. It is fixed inthe wall of sub-main pipe with the help of a rubber washer called Grommet.Types of KB drip Systemsn Bucket Kit

It is a pre-assembled and packaged kit which can irrigate up to 20 sq.m of area. It istypically used for kitchen gardens to grow vegetables for home consumption. This kitcomprises a 20 liter bucket with one or two rows of lateral pipes of 5 to 10 meter lengthdepending on the space available. The bucket can be hung from a tree or a pole at aheight of 1 meter. This kit is very popular with women who take great pride in growingtheir own vegetables for the family. IDEI has also found that landless farm familiesoften have at least 20 m2 of area around their homes and can avail the benefits ofimproved nutrition by using these kits.n Family Nutrition Kit

A variant of the bucket kit, it replaces the bucket with a low cost 25 liter double layeredplastic bag. This system can irrigate an area of 20sq.m expandable up to 40sq.m. Thiskit comprises a 25 liter water storage unit, screen filter, on/off valve, sub-main pipe andfour rows of 5 meter length KB drip lateral with 44-20 cm long micro-tube emitters. Itprovides irrigation to 44 to 88 row vegetable plants depending upon the plant and thespacing.n Drum Kit

The drum kit can irrigate an area of 100sq.m. It is useful for cultivating small commercialvegetable gardens. This system consists of a 200 liters water storage viz. drum, barrel,tank etc. placed at a height of 1 to 1.5 meters to allow the water to flow by gravity. Ithas 5 or more rows of lateral pipes 10 to 20 meters long depending upon crop spacingand shape of the plot. By using a larger sized drum, the irrigated area can be expandedup to 1000 sq.m.n Customized System

For larger areas, typically 1000 sq.m and upwards, KB drip systems can be customizedto suit the needs of the farmer, crops to be grown and the shape of the field. Farmerscan procure different components of the KB drip system and install the kit on the farmusing simple thumb rules. For smallholdings up to two hectares, farmers can easily planand lay the system in the field with some support from the local fitters.32


PROJECTSTATUSREPORT

About the pump:l It is easy to carry as it weighs less.l It can easily lift water from river, pond and any surface source from 25 feet.l It discharges 3500 to 4500 liter of water per hour and it can irrigate up to one acre land.l It is easy to operate and farmer himself can replace the washer & check valve.l It requires almost no maintenance as it is simple in design.l It does not need any stand to install.l Its spare parts are easily available and it bears one year warrantee.Precautions:l Do not operate the pump if there is no water in the cylinders.l Fill the cylinders with water before operating.l Do not operate the pump if the water contains sand or mud.l Apply oil or grease regularly for easy operation.l Do not apply oil or grease inside the cylinders as it will damage the bucket washer.Procedure to lift water from well or pond:l Choose a plain place in the field.l Keep the pump in this place properly so that it won’t shake.l Insert one end of the hose pipe on the suction pipe of the pump by slightly heating.l Tie the hose pipe & suction pipe firmly with help of an old cycle tube.l Tie a net at the other end of the suction pipe and put it inside the well or pond so thatit won’t touch the bottom most part.l Now fill the cylinder with water and operate slowly.l Fix two bamboo poles at both end of the pump and tie across bamboo on to it. This will make the operation easy.To open the check valve:l Take out the plunger.l Take out the check valve assembly by opening the nutsand bolts under the cylinder.l Take out the check valve by opening the bolt in the center.

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Annexure: 3

Maintenance Manual(STP)


PROJECTSTATUSREPORT

To fit the check valvel Fix the weight valve parallel to thecheck valve.l Insert two bolts through the holesof check valve & stopper valve in tothe cylinder bottom plate.l Tighten properly the nut byputting rubber washer andmetal washer.To open the bucket washer:l Take out the plunger.l Push the bucket washer under the plunger top plate. A portionof the bucket washer will come outl Now pull the bucket washer above the plunger top plate.To fit the bucket washer:l Hold the washer tilted (as shown).l Insert the bucket washer between the plunger top & bottomplate.l Straighten the washer after 3/4th of it goes inside the plates. Itwill fit in between the top & bottom plate.Check while buying a new pump:l Pedals are not tight and not fouling with each other.l Plunger is not coming out of cylinder while operating.l Operate the pump by closing the suction pipe with hand. It willfeel tight. If it is not tight then there may be some leakagesome where.Problems & solutions:1. Water recedes immediately after stopping the operation.

a. There may be some stone or sand under the check valve. Clean it.b. Check valve may be cup shaped. Fit it up side down or change it.

2. Operating the pump is felt tight.a. Bucket washer might be cut. Change it.b. There may be some leakage at the suctionpipe joint. Tighten the rubber tube properly. Ifthere is leak at welding joint then weld it.c. The oil in the axle & bush may be dried up.Apply some oil in the holes provided in thebushes.

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PROJECTSTATUSREPORT

KB CUSTOMIZED DRIP(INSTALLATION PROCESS)

Annexure: 4

You can use HDPE or PVC pipes as main and sub-mains. Up to 1acre area 2 inch pipe is sufficient. Ifyou use PVC pipes, you must burry it in the groundto protect from sunlight and the use of a filter isalso essential in the system. The process ofinstallation is narrated below.

l Drill 16 mm hole on the sub-main to fit thegrommet. If you are using a HDPE pipe, drillthe hole on the side. If it is PVC, then drillon top as the sub-main will be buried in theground.

l Insert the grommet to the hole.

l Insert a 16 mm KB drip take off in the grom-met to fix it.

l Use a stick to roll out the KB dripfrom the roll and place it along theplant rows.

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PROJECTSTATUSREPORT

l Insert the “O” ring to one end of the KB drip.Fit the KB drip into the take off and fix the “O”ring over it to lock the same.

l Fit the KB drip on the take off and fix the “O” ringover it to lock the same.

l In case you are using PVC pipe, use a 1 meterlong 16 mm pipe to connect to the take off and onthe other end use a 16 mm joiner and fix the KBdrip to it.

l After completing the installation of KB drip, turnon the control valve and allow the water to flowinto KB drip. Now the KB drip will gain roundshape. Punch a hole on the center of KB drip(not on the fold line) at the points where youneed to fix micro tube.

l Insert an 8-inch long micro tube (1 or 1.2 mmdiameter) in to the hole. While making the microtube in pieces, cut one end of it in a taper shapeso that it will be easily inserted in to the KB drip.

l To close the other end of the KB drip, fold theend four-five times and insert it to a 1-inch long12 mm pipe. Always keep the end tied to a stickplaced on the ground to avoid distortion of thedrip laterals.

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Gundicha working paper 24

Technology

Transcript of Gundicha working paper 24