Guillermo FoladoriReLANS

Red Latinoamericana de Nanotecnología y Sociedad

Latin American Nanotechnology& Society Network

www.estudiosdeldesarrollo.net/relans

Nanotech in Latin America:

Main Features & Policy Topics

Outline1. The Context: Towards a knowledge

society?

2. Nanotechnology initiatives and capabilities in Latin America

3. Challenges

1. The Context: Towards a Knowledge Economy?

Inequality landscape in Latin America

• 540 million inhabitants • 284 million live in poverty• 60 million children do not have access to potable

water• 30 million children suffer from malnutrition

(ECLAC, 2007, 2008; FAO, 2008)

• Latin America & Caribbean is the most unequal region in the world, with 10 out of the 15 most unequal countries in the world (Bolivia, Haiti and Brazil at the top)

(UNDP, 2010)

Knowledge Economy

• Knowledge is becoming the main source of wealth; it is decisive for innovation

• Late industrialized countries (Japan, “Asian tigers” etc. show it is possible

The question is how to get there….?

Since late 90´s World Bank, OCDE, etc. pushed forward the knowledge economy paradigm

(NT part of it.)

But, with a strategy very different from

that of the late industrialized countries:

No improvement in worker's conditions

Participation of workers in economic growth (increase in salaries, etc.) and qualification of workforce

No control of companies behavior

Government supervising companies activities (rewarding & punishing)

Suddenly and almost unrestricted opened of the market

Slow & step by step opened of the market

Creation of Centers of excellence at post graduate level

Raising educational levels from elementary to university

Latin AmericaLate ind. countries

Besides, in Latin America,

• Most countries without a diagnosis on where to invest in NT (no priorities)

• Many countries with scarce science tradition embarked in NT development

• No transparency for consumers…

2. NT initiatives and capabilities in Latin America

BRAZIL

MEXICO

ARGENTINA

COLOMBIA

CUBA

CHILE

VENEZUELA

URUGUAY

PERU

COSTA RICA

Kay, L & Shapira, Philip (2008). Developing nanotechnology in Latin America. Journal of Nanoparticle Research

Publications

BrazilInvestment in S&T/GDP = 1,1 %

• 2001 - S&TM funded first four NT research networks

• 2004 - First Program on NT in S&TM Plan• 2009 Nanotechnology Competitiveness Forum –

government, business, labor, and university• More than 1300 researchers + 2000 postgrad.

students• 150 companies developing nanotechnologies;

half of them with products on the market

USP, UNESP, UNICAMP, EMBRAPA, PUC, IPT,UFSCar, INPE, LNLS, CNEN, UMC,

CBPF, CETUC, UERJ, UFRJ, FIOCRUZ, IMA, PEMM/COPPE, 

PUC, UFF

UFMG, FUNREI, UFU, SUFVCDTN, 

CETEC, UFOP

UFPR, UEM, UEPG

UFSC

UFRGS

CEFET

UFC

UFRN, UERN, 

UFA

UFPB

UFPE

UnB

UFG

UFBA

MexicoInvestment in S&T/GDP = 0,4 %

• 2001 - NT strategic area in S&T Policy• Several bilateral agreements between

Mexican and EUA universities and research centers

• High Tech Industrial Parks • 2007 Two National NT labs• 2009 – National Nanotechnology Network –

integrate all research groups in NT• More than 500 researchers in 50 or more

centers• About 60 companies

Argentina Investment in S&T/GDP =0,42%

• 2006 – Argentinean Foundation for Nanotechnology- Four nanotechnology networks + 1

• Interdisciplinary Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (connecting several institutions)

• About 150 researchers• More than 20 companies use nanotechnology

Centro AtomicoBariloche (Inst. Balseiro)

U. Buenos Aires, U. Quilmes, C.A. Constituyentes, C.A. EzeizaU.N. La PlataU. San MartínCITEFA

U.N. Rio CuartoU.N. Cordoba

U.N. San Luis

INTEL

IMBECU

UNER

UNE

UNT

Nanotech Labs Brazil • 1985. LAS (Associated Laboratory of Sensors and Materials). INPE – MCT. Sao Paulo. (Upgraded 2007). • CBPF (Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas), MCT., Rio de Janeiro.

1994 Nanoscopie Lab. 2005 LabNano (Nanoscience and NT Multiusers Lab).

• 1997. LNLS (National Synchrotron Light Lab.), São Paulo. (Only facility of the type in Latin America). 2008 Centro de Nanociencia e Nanotecnologia. 2011 SIRIUS (2nd. Synchrotron Light Lab -partnership with Argentina).

• 2002. Millennium Institute in Nanotechnology. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. MG.. • 2005. CETENE (Center for Strategic Technologies of the Northeastern), MCT. Pernambuco. • 2005. Lateo (Laboratory for Theoretical Nanometrology). NCNM (National Center on Nanometrology), INMETRO,

Rio de Janeiro. 2008. Titan, Tecnai, NanoLab 600.

• 2006 CNANO (Nanosciences and NT Virtual Center). Coordinates: Advance Polymer Lab; Micro & Nanoelectronics Lab; Bio-Macro Molecules Lab; Spectroscopia Laser & Optic films Lab; Ceramic Materials Lab; Methods Lab; Catalysis Lab.

• 2008. CEITEC S.A. (National Center on Advanced Electronic Technology), Rio Grande do Sul. • 2009. LNNA (National NT Laboratory for Agribusiness), EMBRAPA, São Paulo. • LNCC (Scientific Computation National Laboratory). MCT. Rio de Janeiro • CenPRA (Research Center Renato Archer), MCT. Informatics Industrial Park, São Paulo. [Following other universities and public institutions with NT labs: Federal University of Pernambuco, Federal University of Ceará, Federal University of Rio do Norte, Federal University of Bahia, Federal University of Minas Gerais; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Federal University of Paraná, Federal University of Uberlandia, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University of Brasilia, University of Sao Paulo, State University of Sao Paulo, University of Campinas, Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Technology Research of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazilian Center for Physical Research, Osvaldo Cruz Foundation, Institute for Advanced Studies of the Air Force, Technology Center of the Navy, Technology Center of the Army, Technology Center for the Development of Nuclear Energy.

Nanotech Labs Mexico • 1995. UAM-I. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Lab. (Upgraded 2006 and 2009), UAM I., D.F.

2004. NT and Molecular Engineering Lab; NT Chemical Lab; 2007. CI3M (National Research Center on Imagenology & Biomedical Instrumentation).

• 1996. CFATA (Center for Applied Physics and Advanced Technology), UNAM-Qro. Querétaro. • 2002. Central Microscopy Lab. IFUNAM, UNAM, D.F. • 2004. UAM-X – INNN (Lab. of NT applied to Medicine), INNN “MVS” (Secretaría de Salud), D.F. • 2005. LANGEBIO (National Lab. in Genomics for BioDiversity), CINVESTAV-Gjto, IPN, Guanajuato. • 2006. Nanotronic Lab. BUAP, Puebla. • 2006. Electronic Microscopy of Ultra High Resolution, IMP, D.F. • 2007. LINAN (National Lab. for Nanoscience and NT Research), IPICyT -CONACYT, San Luis Potosí. • 2007. NaNoTeCH (National NT Lab). CIMAV- CONACYT, Chihuahua. • 2008. CNyN (Center of Nanosciences & NT).UNAM – Ensenada, Baja California Norte. • 2008. CIIDIT (Center for Innovation Research and Development in Engineering and Technology), UANL, Nuevo

León. [titan] • 2008. LabMic. (Electronic Microscopy Lab), CIQA – CONACYT, Coahuila. • 2009. Center of Nanosciences, Micro & NT, CINVESTAV -Qro, IPN, Queretaro. • 2010. Lab. for Innovation in NT & MEMS. INAOE, Puebla. • 2010. MICRONA (Micro & Nanotechnology Lab). UV. Veracruz. • CENAM (National Center on Metrology), Querétaro. • Department of Electric Engineering. CINVESTAV – Zco, IPN. D.F. • CTS (Semiconductors Technology Center). CINVESTAV – Gdja, IPN, Guadalajara.

Nanotech Labs Argentina • 1992. INIFTA (Lab. of Microscopy and Physic-chemical Surface), CONICET / UNLP, P. Bs. As. • 1995. INQUIMAE (Inst. of Materials Chemist and Physics, Environment and Energy), CONICET / UBA, Cap.

Federal. • 1999. Nanoscopies Lab., INTI, P. Bs. As. (Upgraded 2005). • 2002 CINSO (Center for Research on Solids), CITEDEF - Ministry of Defense, P. Bs. As. • 2005. Strategic Design for Targeting of Drugs Lab., UNQ, P. Bs. As. • 2007. Institute of Nanoscience and NT, Bariloche Atomic Center, CNEA, P. Río Negro. (Upgraded 2007, 2009). • Centro Atómico Constituyentes, CNEA, P. Bs. As. • 2007. Lab. of Tissue Engineering, Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Cucaiba – Gob. de la P. de Bs.

As., P. de Bs. As. • 2008. INTEMA (Center for Material Science & Technology), CONICET / UNDMP, P. Bs. As. • LaFiSo (Phisics of Solid Lab). UNT. Tucumán.

Nanotechnology companies in Brazil

Nanotechnology companies in México

México 

02468

10121416

Chem

icals

Pharmaceutical

Cosm

etics

Medical devices

Textiles and

Nanoestructured

Petrochemical

Biotechn

ology

Electron

ic

Machines and

Hom

e App

liances

Mineral

Services fo

r

Energy

Agriculture and

Food

 and

 drinks

Constructio

n

Metallurgical 

Telecommun

icati

Paper and

Other sectors*

Number of firms

Nanotechnology companies in Argentina -2009

0123456

Che

mic

als

Pha

rmac

eutic

al

Med

ical

dev

ices

Nan

oest

ruct

ured

Mat

eria

ls

Ele

ctro

nics

Mac

hine

s an

dde

vice

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Ser

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s fo

rin

dust

ry

Agr

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ture

and

Cat

tle

Food

and

drin

ks

Env

ironm

enta

lre

med

iatio

n

Sectors

Num

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pani

esNanotechnology companies in Argentina

Common features of NT policies in LA• Goal: To increase competitiveness to gain broader

access to global market – social benefits expected as a mechanical consequence

• Considerable efforts to develop research infrastructure and qualify humans resources but all at high level.

• Increasing formal and informal networking within the region and with other regions

• Slight consideration of social implications and risks

• Scarce public information

• Poor level of information & no regulation

3. Challenges

Will the path for NT development be an instrument for improving the standard of living? Or just to increase international

competitiveness?

• Health & Environmental Risks• Regulation

– Economic international accounting– Transportation issues– Patents and Intellectual Property rights– Health/environment– Worker's safety … (UITA – collect. Contracts)

• Ethical issues (Transhumanism…)• Social implications: consumers acceptance;

impact on employment

How does nanotechnology affect employment?

Based on the analysis of NT products four main trends can be identified:

1. Are more efficient than similar existing ones

2. Are multifunctional

3. Require different and/or less raw materials4. Have a longer market life spam

All these connect to increasing unemployment

World unemployment

1 billion workers (aprox. 1/3 active population) are unemployed or sub-employed

Products are more efficient 1Nanoprene (tires): more roadholding and resistance toabrasive wear. Lifespan 15%+

Lanxess

Amsoil (filters): captures 5 times dust and captures 2.5 times contaminants. Lifespan400%+

Products are more efficient 2

Behr (ink): resistance towater, mold, strains andgrease

DEPT (remediation): for textil andpaper industries. 100% more efficient than active carbonmethods35

Products are multifunctional 1

TipTop. GWFoods (bread): Nano-Omega3

Nutriceutical

Qinghuangdao Ialji Ring Nano-Product Co. Ltd (Tea): with nano-selenio

Nouwell E. (cosmetic): Transfers vitamine E andparfume from textil to skin

LifeShirt (health control): monitors respiratory activity, cardiac activity, storesinformation in a portable device

Products are multifunctional 2

Products require less or different rawmaterial 1

BMC (byckes): frames23% lighter

Abraxane (drug): paclitaxelnanoencapsulate in albumina. Reduces amout of the drug

Products require less or different rawmaterial 2

Elko’s (screen): CNT in layers OLED. (Organic light-emitting materials, do not require any backlight and filtering systems as in LCDs).

BMW (body-car): polymers

Products have a long lasting life span in the market 1

Miller (beer): 6 months onsupermarket shelves. Ceramic bottles

Suzano (films): plastic films double lifespan in refrigerator

Sem Sem nanopartnanopartíículacula Com Com nanopartnanopartíículacula

Após 3 semanas em refrigerador

Sem Sem nanopartnanopartíículacula Com Com nanopartnanopartíículacula

Após 3 semanas em refrigerador

Products have a long lasting life span in the market 2

Embrapa (bio-edible films): tocover macadamia nuts

PrimoMaxx (grassgrowing modifier): reduces cut circles

¡Gracias!

Thank you!

gfoladori@gmail.com