Guidelines for Sustainable Hunting and Fishing as Part of Tourism Activities....

CIC - International Council for Game and Wildlife Conservation

Ecotourism and its Impact on Wildlife – GEC 07 Oslo

“Guidelines for Sustainable Hunting and Fishing as Part

of Tourism Activities:

Biodiversity, conservation and tourism”

“Guidelines for Sustainable Hunting and Fishing as Part

of Tourism Activities:

Biodiversity, conservation and tourism”



ContentContent

1. How is hunting tourism integrated in the market of tourism?

2. The market of hunting tourism

3. Impacts, risks and benefits

4. How to make hunting tourism more sustainable?



1.1.

How is hunting tourismintegrated in the market

of tourism?



Primary Production /

Use of natural resources

Forestry

Fishing

Agriculture

Mining

Hunting

Hunting by non-residents

Community Land

Private Land

State Land

1. Hunting as a form of land use by locals1.1 subsistence hunting1.2 non-subsistence hunting1.3 consumptive hunting

1. Hunting as a form of land use by locals1.1 subsistence hunting1.2 non-subsistence hunting1.3 consumptive hunting

Hunting by locals 2. Hunting as a form of land use + activity for non-residents!2.1 non-subsistence hunting2.2 consumptive hunting2.3 non- consumptive hunting

2. Hunting as a form of land use + activity for non-residents!2.1 non-subsistence hunting2.2 consumptive hunting2.3 non- consumptive hunting

Forms of HuntingForms of Hunting

1.

2.

Hunting





Forestry

Fishing

Agriculture

Mining

Hunting


Community Land

Private Land

State Land

Hunting by locals

Hunting

Hunting TouristHunting Tourism

Tourism

Market

Sun–Beach

T.

Business T.

Nature T.

Cultural T.

Rural T.

Wellness T.





Forestry

Fishing

Agriculture

Mining

Hunting


Community Land

Private Land

State Land

Hunting by locals

Hunting

Eco-Tourism

Wildlife Tourism

Adventure Tourism

?Hunting Tourism

Tourism

Market

Sun–Beach

T.

Business T.

Nature T.

Cultural T.

Rural T.

Wellness T.



� hunting is an original form of using a natural renewable resource – game,

� hunting is a tool for wildlife management,

� hunting can be a leisure-time activity and is one element out of a special touristic supply,

� hunting tourism is a market segment within the wider tourism market,

� therefore, hunting tourism has to be seen as a complex land use strategy.

Note:Note:



2.2.

The market of hunting tourism



The DemandThe Demand

Different Options for a hunting trip:

� „specific“ species� certain destination� timeframe� personal desires� trophy size + quality � willingness to pay

Number

?

Number

?

hunting

trip

hunting

trip

hunting

tourist

hunting

tourist

Demand SupplyDestinationDestinationHomelandHomeland



The SupplyThe Supply

Offered by:� Private landowners

� Tourism industry

� Hunting –corporations

� Communities

hunting

trip

hunting

trip

hunting

tourist

hunting

tourist

Demand Supply



hunting

trip

hunting

trip

hunting

tourist

hunting

tourist

Trans-portation

Destination

Accom-modation

Food andBeverage

LocalMobility

Hunting Activity

Trans-portation

Destination

Accom-modation

Food andBeverage

LocalMobility

Hunting Activity

Demand Supply

Elements of the hunting tripElements of the hunting trip



The marketThe market

tour operatorstour operators

� Forest- and Wildlife services

� Communities

� Land owners

� Safari companies

(professionals)

travel agentstravel agents

hunting-trip provider

hunting

tourist

hunting

tourist

Demand Supply

� numbers of companies change almost annually

(not main source of income)

Trans-portation

Destination

Accom-modation

Food andBeverage

LocalMobility

Hunting Activity

Trans-portation

Destination

Accom-modation

Food andBeverage

LocalMobility

Hunting Activity



The arrangements of a hunting tripThe arrangements of a hunting trip

specific desire

individual

desire

hunting

arrangement

?

hunting

tourist

hunting

touristtour operatorstour operatorstravel agentstravel agents

Demand Supply

existing offers

Trans-portation

Destination

Accom-modation

Food andBeverage

LocalMobility

Hunting Activity

Trans-portation

Destination

Accom-modation

Food andBeverage

LocalMobility

Hunting Activity



� no trustworthy data available,

� supply is strongly influenced by the variable desires of the costumers,

� the design of a hunting trip depends on the tour operators and travel agents,

� the tourism providers decide on the extent of the local benefits, the cash flow and added value,

� The business is not always managed by professionals,

� high number of various stakeholders,

� the market is not transparent.

Note:Note:



3.3.

Impacts, risks and benefits



• Tourism is seen as a non-consumptive use of a natural resource.

• Besides its positive impacts, tourism also has the capacity of causing damage to the environment and society if not well managed.

The impacts of hunting:The impacts of hunting:

The impacts of tourism:The impacts of tourism:

• Hunting is a consumptive use of a natural resource – it directly impacts wildlife populations.

• If done the wrong way, it causes disturbance, disrupts normal behavior and potentially affects mortality and reproductive success of game.

Two areas of concern:Two areas of concern:



Hunting tourism as a tool for financing of protected areas e.g. Selous Game ReserveHunting tourism as a tool for financing of protected areas e.g. Selous Game Reserve

� Hunting was developed as a tool for wildlife management.

� Revenue led to almost a self financing of the Selous Game Reserve.

� Revenue afforded anti poaching campaigns.

� Awareness building took place – poaching decreased.

� Increasing of wildlife population in the Game Reserve.

2001 Hunting Tourism Photo-Tourism Sum Tourism

Number (n) 482 4.802 5.284

Revenue ($) 3.612.000 299.000 3.911.000

Revenue/ Tourist ($/n) 7.512 62

Revenue for the state ($) 1.801.000 -

Revenue for the Selous ($) 1.811.000 299.000 2.110.000

Proportion (%) 86 14 100



� Combining tourism and hunting results in a win-win-situation and produces synergetic effects.

� hunting tourism is a small-scale tourism but can offer a number of outstanding monetary, ecological and socio-cultural benefits to rural areas world wide.

� hunting tourism builds awareness at local communities.

� hunting tourism increases the value of wildlife.

� hunting tourism can be one tool for conservation „use it or loose it“.

� nevertheless, we need to take action in order to avoid risks and negative effects.

Note:Note:



4.4.

How to make hunting tourism more sustainable?



..“ADDIS ABABA“Principles and Guidelines for the Sustainable Use of Biodiversity

Guidelines on Biodiversity and Tourism Development

Sustainable Use

1992

2002

2004

2007

Use of Resources

Use of Biodiversity Tourism

Hunting -Tourism

The concept of “Sustainable Development“

Principles and Guidelines for

Sustainable Hunting Tourism



� supportive & linked governance at all levels, (Stakeholder involvement),

� adaptive management using science, monitoring, local knowledge and timely feedbacks,

� empowerment & accountability of local users (particulary Indigenous communities),

� equitable sharing of benefits for local people,

� transparency & international co-operation,

� public awareness of the benefits,

� financing of conservation,

� Educational training for hunting tour operators.

Essential Guidelines:Essential Guidelines:



Initiatives regarding sustainable hunting

Premium Hunting(Conservancies)Namibia

European Sustainable Hunting Initiative

IUCN ESUSGWISPERGuidelinesFor Sustainable Hunting

Addis Ababa

Principles &

Guidelines (AAPG)

IUCN-ZSL Symposium on Recreational Hunting

“Hunting Tourism:A Red Rag?”

Conservation Hunting Best Practice Manual

Sustainable

Hunting

Tourism

Programme

European Charter on Hunting & Biodiversity

SustainableMigratory Bird

Hunting in the MTCGlobal:

Professional Hunting Association (PHASA)



1. Respect limitations of destination(minimise environmental and cultural impacts)

2. Support the local economy

3. Environmental-friendly operation of the company

4. Contribute actively to conservation

5. Promote the joy of discovery, knowledge and respect (educational + quality criteria)

6. Quality management, including safety measures

Criteria of Nature‘s Best

(www.naturensbasta.com)

Criteria of Nature‘s Best

(www.naturensbasta.com)



Problems on national levelProblems on national level

�Corruption

�Weak wildlife legislation and enforcement (Poaching)

�Lack of cooperation

�No benefits for local communities

�Lack of intersectoral management

�Lack of international cooperation



CIC's Programme Sustainable Hunting Tourism

CIC's Programme Sustainable Hunting Tourism

� Development of principles, guidelines� Development of criteria and indicators � Implementation of pilot projects,

dialogues, round tables etc. in order to test and create best practices & ownership

� Development of codes of conduct and/ or certification options

� PR campaign

� global� regional� regional

� global

� global


Ecotourism and its Impact on Wildlife – GEC 07 Oslo26

Eco-Tourism

AdventureTourism

WildlifeTourism

Tourism

Market

Sun–Beach

T.

Business T.

Nature T.

Cultural T.

Rural T.

Wellness T.


Community Land

Private Land

State Land



Forestry

Fishing

Agriculture

Mining

Hunting

Hunting by locals

Hunting Tourism?



Thank you for your

sustained attention!



Hunting /Eco - HuntingHunting /

Eco - Hunting„catch and release“ /

catch and use„catch and release“ /

catch and use

Guidelines for Sustainable Hunting and Fishing as Part of Tourism Activities....

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