GUIDELINESFor PCB Design

GUIDELINES

PCB DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR HIGH FREQUENCY1.

CONDUCTED EMISSIONS TEST EQUIPMENT AND REDUCTION GUIDELINES2.

GUIDELINES FOR DESIGNING SOLAR POWERED EMBEDDED SYSTEMS3.

AN OVERVIEW OF HIGH SPEED PCB DESIGN GUIDELINES4.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STRIPLINE AND MICROSTRIP5.

PCB Design guidelines for High frequency

GUIDELINES

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Guidelines for High-Frequency Circuits

• 5G - Telecommunication companies are looking to move from today’s 4G/LTE speeds and latency to the faster 5G.

• ADAS Radar - One technology that’s already here is radar for ADAS enabled vehicles.

Latest evolutions in PCB design are being driven by two emerging technologies, 5G networks and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS)

GUIDELINES

Material and Physical Guidelines

• Very Low Dielectric Constant (Dk) - Dk losses increase proportionally with frequency.

• Very Little Soldermask - Most soldermasks have high absorption, allowing them to gorge on water, which has a Dkof 70.

• Very Smooth Copper -Copper needs to be as smooth as possible on these boards. Rough copper will give current a longer path, increasing resistive losses.

• Laminate Thickness - To select the right kind of laminate, its important to select the right laminate thickness.

• Transmission Line Characteristics -Microstrip, Stripline, and Grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW).

GUIDELINES

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Conducted Emissions Test equipment and reduction Guidelines

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Conducted Emissions Test Equipment and Reduction Guidelines

Benefits of Pre-Compliance Testing - Pre-compliance equipment is expensive, but not as costly as repeat certification testing

• Typical Pre-Compliance Equipment includes:

1. Spectrum Analyzer (Required2. Software (Required) 3. Line Impedance Stabilization Network (LISN)4. Pre-Amplifier (Optional

Failure at the last stage costs a lot in both time and money and it can be avoided by preparing with the right equipment and doing some pre-compliance testing.

GUIDELINES

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Guidelines for Designing Solar Powered embedded systems

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Variables of solar power embedded systems

•Solar Panels - Monocrystalline is the preferred choice of solar panels since it is more efficient than polycrystalline or thin-film, and it performs well in hot weather.•Battery Capacity - Environmental factors can result in your solar panel not receiving any sunlight for days or weeks. •Sunlight Exposure – Sunlight is required for generating electricity.•Blockage and Dust - The efficiency of a solar panel can be drastically reduced if a small part of it is blocked by dust, shadows or a fallen leaf. •Power Intensive Module - Certain applications require power intensive modules like thermal printers, WiFi or a GSM module.•Firmware Architecture - Right firmware structure helps solar powered embedded system lasting for weeks instead of days in cloudy weather.•Power Efficient Hardware Design - A good strategy is to provide a separate power channel to logics and peripheral ICs that are controlled by the microcontroller.

GUIDELINES

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An Overview of High speed PCB Design guidelines

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High Speed PCB Design Guidelines

•Schematic considerations •Board materials and stack-up requirements for high speed•High speed placement strategies•Understanding stripline and microstrip•Crosstalk, impedance control, and parallelism considerations•Routing topologies and best routing practices•Differential pair and trace length routing•Trace length tuning•Simulators

When a printed circuit board is intended to operate at frequencies high enough to significantly degrade circuit performance, that design is considered to be high speed. Variables to consider for high speed designs include:

GUIDELINES

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Stripline vs Microstrip

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Stripline vs Microstrip

• Microstrip. Transmission lines that are routed on the external layers .• Edge-Coupled Microstrip. This technique is used for routing differential

pairs.• Embedded Microstrip. There is another layer of dielectric above the

transmission line. • Symmetric Stripline. Transmission lines that are routed on internal layers

(between two ground planes) are considered to be symmetric stripline.• Asymmetric Stripline. This model accounts for the transmission line trace

that is not balanced precisely between the two planes.• Edge-Coupled Stripline. This technique is used for routing internal layer

differential pairs.• Broadside-Coupled Stripline. Instead of side by side, the pairs are stacked

on top of each other. The model is similar as for edge-coupled stripline.

Stripline and microstrip are methods of routing high speed transmission lines on PCB. Stripline is a transmission line trace surrounded by dielectric material suspended between two ground planes on internal layers of a PCB. Microstrip routing is a transmission line trace routed on an external layer of the board. The following are some examples:

GUIDELINES

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GUIDELINES

GUIDELINES

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