Guidelines for Eco Tourism

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Env i ronmenta l and P lann ing Gu ide l i nes fo rTo u r i s m Devel o pment o n the No r th Wes t Cape

Environmental and PlanningGuidelines for Tourism Development

on the North West Cape

Environmental and PlanningGuidelines for Tourism Development

on the North West Cape

MAY 1999

Prepared for

Gascoyne Coast Planning Coordinating Committee

of the Western Australian Planning Commission

by

Department of Environmental Protection

and

M inistry for Planning

W E S T E R N A U S T R A L I A

Ministry for Planning

Department ofEnvironmental Protection

WESTERN AUSTRALIAN

PLANNING COMMISSION


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State of Western Australia

Published by the

Western Australian Planning Commission

Albert Facey House

469 Wellington Street

Perth, Western Australia 6000

Publi shed May 1999

ISBN 0 7309 9084 2

Internet: http://www.wa.gov.au/planningE-mail: [email protected]

Fax: (08) 9264 7566

Phone: (08) 9264 7777

TTY: (08) 9264 7535

Infoline 1800 626 477

Copies of this document are available in alternative formats on

application to the Disabilities Service Coordinator


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CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMM ARY VBACKGROUND 1

Select Committee on Cape Range National Park & Ningaloo Marine Park 1Gascoyne Coast Regional Strategy 1EPA Cape Range Position Statement 1Exmouth-Learmonth (North West Cape) Structure Plan 2

PURPOSE 3

APPLICATION 3

PRELIM INARY 3

GUIDING PRINCIPLES 3

Sustainability 3Interdependence 3Limits of Acceptable Change 3Precautionary Principle 3Cumulative Impacts 3High Conservation Areas 4Wilderness Values 4

ISSUES FOR PROPOSED TOURISM DEVELOPMENTS 4

1. LOCATION 42. DEVELOPMENT SCALE 63. WILDERNESS PROTECTION 74. FORESHORE SETBACK 95. MARINE INFRASTRUCTURE 116. WATER AVAILABILITY 127. CYCLONES, FLOODING AND DRAINAGE 148. SEWAGE TREATMENT 149. WASTE DISPOSAL 1610. ACCESS 1611. ENERGY GENERATION 18

12. CONSTRUCTION AND MANAGEMENT 19

APPROVALS PROCESS 21

13. ENVIRONMENTAL APPROVAL PROCESS 2214. PLANNING APPROVAL PROCESS 2315. CALM APPROVAL PROCESS 24

SUM M ARY M ATRIX 25

REFERENCES 32


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EXECUTIVE SUM M ARY

The west coast of the North West Cape is a

fragile coastal environment of national

significance, and its attraction lies in its

wilderness, beauty and relative isolation.

The development of major tourist

accommodation could detract from its

wilderness appeal.

It is not preferred for large-scale

development given its wilderness values,

and the lack of water resources, power

generation capacities, wastewater treatment

and disposal facilities and accessdifficulties. While new development should

take place in Exmouth or close to existing

infrastructure, a demand for wilderness

accommodation from ecotourists and

backpackers is acknowledged.

Accordingly the Environmental and

Planning Guidelines for Tourism

Development on the North West Cape

recommend low-impact/small-scale tour ism

development on the west coast. Theseincorporate standards for essential

infrastructure and type of development,

and are designed to protect the integri ty of

Cape Range and Ningaloo Marine Park. The

guidelines identify both environmental and

planning constraints and opportunities.

Proposals for tourism development will be

evaluated in accordance with the

guidelines.

There are opportunities in the Cape RangeNational Park for low-impact tourism and

for scientific research facilities based on

improving knowledge and appreciation of

the ecology and natural resources.

Management of these areas would be the

responsibility of CALM, which currently

provides a significant amount of

information about the local environment at

the Milyering Visitor Centre.

To ensure that the level of development can

be monitored over a period of time and that

it is environmentally sound and

sustainable, in the short to medium term

only two of the following sites may be

developed:

adjacent Ningaloo Homestead

Lefroy Bay

Winderbandi Point

Milyering; and

A site to be selected north of Cape

Range National Park

Proponents of development on any of

these sites should use these guidelines to

identify the environmental constraints andpossible management requirements for

any proposal prior to submitt ing a formal

application. However, it is likely that any

development on the Capes west coast

would require some form of

Environmental Protection Authority

assessment, given the sensitivity of the

area and the high public interest in its

protection. The level of development

should be monitored to ascertain its

impact on the environment.

This document contains policies and

guidelines for proposed tourism

development under the following

headings:

Location

Development Scale

Wilderness Protection

Foreshore Setback

Marine Infrastructure

Water Availability Cyclones, Flooding and Drainage

Sewage Treatment

Waste Disposal

Access

Energy Generation

Construction and Management

Details of the approvals process are also

outlined.


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Env i ronmenta l and P lann ing Gu ide l i nes fo rTo ur i s m Devel o pment o n the N o r th Wes t Cape

1

featur es or the ambience of the

surr ounding topography.

Recommendation 2:

There be no shor e based resor t

development on t he western side of Cape

Range, on coastal land abut t ing Ningaloo

Mar ine Park .

Recommendation 3:

The Min ister for the Envi ronment establish

a St rategy Group t o develop

envi ronmentally acceptable guidelines for

accommodat ion facili ti es, depicti ng

essent ial inf rast r uctur e, form and

headworks which, as a bott om l ine, protectthe integr it y of Cape Range and Ningaloo

Mar ine Park .

In 1996 the Western Australian

Government released a response to the

Select Committees report. In summary

this response supported the intent and

principle of the recommendations

identifi ed above. The response also

considered that the Gascoyne Coast

Planning Coordinating Committee provides

an appropriate mechanism to develop andformalise these guidelines, in the context

of the Gascoyne Coast Regional Strategy

(1996) and Exmouth-Learmonth (North

West Cape) St ructur e Plan (1998), rather

than forming a separate Strategy Group.

Gascoyne Coast Regional Strategy

In March 1996 the Government of Western

Australia released the Gascoyne Coast

Regional Strategy. The Gascoyne Coast

Regional Strategymade the followingrecommendation:

Ensure tour ism developments comply wit h

str ict envi ronmental cr it er ia designed to

protect the ter restr ial and marine

envi ronments and other development

condit ions outl ined in Section 3.3.4 of thi s

report.

EPA Cape Range Position Statement

In March 1998 the Environmental

Protection Authority (EPA) released a

BACKGROUND

Much has been written about the unique

conservation values of the Cape Rangeregion and the acceptability or otherwise oftouri sm development. Considerablediscussion and debate has occurredregarding the location, scale and design offuture tour ism developments. The SelectCommittee on Cape Range National Parkand Ningaloo Marine Park, WesternAustralian Governments response to theSelect Committees report, Gascoyne CoastRegional St rategy (1996), Exmouth-Learmon th (Nor th West Cape)Structure Plan(1998)and EPA Cape Range PositionStatement all cite and/or recommend theneed to prepare these guidelines. Moreimportantly they provide the backgroundreference and principles on which theseguidelines have been formulated and inthemselves provide a number of policystatements. The publ ication CoastalTour ism: A Manual for Sustainable Tour ism(Environment Australia, 1997) providesproponents with a good source ofadditional information.

Select Commi ttee on Cape Range NationalPark & Ningaloo Marine Park

In 1995 the Select Committee on CapeRange National Park and Ningaloo MarinePark released its fi rst report. The reportchose to draw together aspects relating totourism because it was considered anissue bearing part icular significance. Indelivering its findings, the Committeeendeavoured to make recommendationsthat will provide for sustainable use and

development of these parks. In total theCommittee made 24 recommendations.

The first three recommendations are

directly relevant to these guidelines:

Recommendation 1:

Any accommodation facili t ies in Cape

Range National Park must be consistent

w it h conservation management str ategies

for the ter restr ial and marine

envi ronment, so that constr uction and

operation acti vit ies do not impact

adversely upon signifi cant envi ronmental


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To ensure the conservation and

preservation of land with

environmental value.

To ensure the protection of

groundwater as part of the human and

subterranean environment.

To retain the wilderness value of the

fragile environment of the west coast

which is of national significance.

With respect to tourism development

the objective is:

Encourage major tourist development

such as hotels, motels, resorts, to locatewithin the Exmouth townsite at a scale

and design in accordance with the (yet

to be prepared) townscape and

landscape plans for Exmouth.

The Structure Plan makes specific

references to the style, number and

location of tourism developments

appropriate for the west side of Cape range,

that is:

Support a limited amount of

development, preferably in the form of

wilderness lodge style accommodation

(ie. low-impact accommodation) in

order to retain the wilderness values of

the west coast. Other forms of tourism

development will be considered only

where it is demonstrated that i t wil l

protect the wilderness values and

environmental sensitivities of the west

coast.

Limit the development of tourism

accommodation in the short to medium

term to two of the following general

locations: Milyering, Lefroy Bay,

Winderabandi, Ningaloo, in addition to a

site north of Yardie Creek of fered to the

preferred developer of the resort at the

Exmouth Marina in accordance with

Cabinets decision.

Preliminary Position Statement on the Cape

Range Province. This Position Statement

provides a number of principles for the

protection of the Cape Range Province.Like the Select Committees report,

Government Response and the Gascoyne

Coast Regional Strategy, the EPAs

Statement provides a consistent vision for

the region, for example:

The Cape Range Province should be

managed according to sound ecologically

sustainable development and biodiversit y

prot ection pr inciples [...]. (Principle 1)

From the envi ronmental perspective, t here

should be no major development perm it ted

on t he west side of Cape Range [...] Planni ng

Unit s 2 and 3 in the Exmout h-Learmonth

St ructu re Plan Nort h West Cape [...] .

Resident ial development should be confi ned

to the exi sting townsite. [...] Alt hough it

may be appropr iat e to establi sh some low

key, high quali t y ecolodge[/]w ilder ness

lodge/campi ng tour ism areas on the west

coast. (Pri nciple 10)

Al l development pr oposals should take

account of t he above pr inciples, and, if

pur sued, should be subject t o envi ronmental

impact assessment . This should include,

int er alia, consideration of alternat ive sites

for the development out side the Cape Range

Province, detai led considerati on of on-sit e

and off -site impacts of t he development , as

well as the cumulati ve eff ect of all proposed

development s in t he area on envi ronmental

values and ecological processes.

(Pr inciple 11)

Exmouth-Learmonth (North West Cape)

Structure Plan

In April 1998 the Western Australian

Planning Commission released the

Exmouth-Learmonth (North West Cape)

Structure Plan (1998). The Structure Plan

contained a number of relevant majorobjectives. These include:


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PURPOSEThe purpose of these Guidelines is to :

1). provide state agencies, localgovernment, community and

proponents with clear guidance

regarding tour ism development;

2). delineate limi ts of acceptable change

which wi ll ensure the wilderness

experience remains available; and

3). preserve, enhance and protect the

environment.

APPLICATIONThese Guidelines are primarily intended to

address small-scale/low-impact tourism

developments (ie wilderness or ecolodges)

on the North West Cape from the Exmouth

Gulf to Coral Bay excluding developments

within the designated town sites of

Exmouth and Coral Bay/Mauds Landing.

PRELIMINARYThe North West Cape is a fragile natural

area and is the home of unique marine and

terrestrial species which could be

irretrievably damaged by insensit ive or ad-

hoc development. This fragile natural area,

its flora and fauna, ruggedness and sense

of wilderness are also the bases of a

growing, economically important nature

based tourism industry and the area is

designated as a zone of opportunity in the

States Nature Based Tourism Strategy. Thesustainabili ty of the tourism industry and

the natural area on which it depends will

involve careful planning, management and

sympathetic development.

Pressure for substantial developments has

intensified in recent years due to the

growth in tour ism. The coast is already

subject to a variety of developments

including roads, camping sites (formal and

informal), toilets, car parks, boat ramps,

moorings, interpretation centres,

observation structures, accommodation,

signs, shelters, paths, picnic areas and the

like.

GUIDING PRINCIPLESEcologi cally Sustainable Developm ent

Is the using, conserving and enhancing the

communitys resources so that ecological

processes, on which life depends, are

maintained and the total quality of li fe ,

now and in the future, can be increased.

Interdependence

Ecological processes include both physical

and biological systems, which are strongly

interconnected. Impacting or managing

one part of the environment may impact

on other parts.

Limits of Acceptable Change

The limits of acceptable change are defined

as the degree of change a system can

accommodate or buffer while stil l

sustaining or returning to its desiredcharacteristics. The limits may be defined

by environmental, social or economic

concerns. What is acceptable or

appropriate is determined by consultation

with governments and communities, as

well as by legislation and regulations. The

limits of acceptable change establish the

maximum level of alteration for a

resource that society is prepared to accept.

Precautionary Principle

Where there are threats of serious or

irreversible environmental damage, lack of

full scientific certainty should not be used

as a reason to postpone measures to

prevent environmental degradation. The

precautionary principle should be used as

a tool to underpin decision-making.

Cumulative Impacts

The demand for and subsequent provision

of tourism or recreational development


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Policies

1. Proposed tourism developments should be located consistent with the Gascoyne Coast

Regional Strategy(1996), Exmouth-Learmonth (North West Cape) Structure Plan (1998) and

Cape Range National Park Management Plan(1987).

2. Until more baseline environmental information is available and within an appropriate

planning context only two of the following general locations should be developed for small-

scale and low-im pact tourism developments; Milyering, Lefroy Bay, Winderabandi, Ningaloo

and a site north of Cape Range National Park.

3. Camping on the North West Cape should be restricted to designated andmanaged camp sites.

Guideline

1. Proposed tourism developments should be located to ensure:

a). an appropriate distance from areas of cultural significance or heritage

value is maintained;

b). stable ground conditions exist for access, building construction and

visitor and management use patterns;

c). soil types are suitable for and capable of development;

d). buildings & infrastructure are located to ensure they are not subject to

inundation and/or storm surge;

e). insect breeding sites such as those of mosquitoes and biting midges are

avoided;

f). risks and hazards to visitors are m inimised;

g). locations of declared rare or priority flora and fauna species are a voided

or protected, and disturbance to important breeding or feeding areas is

minimised; and

h). where possible the potential for further e xpansion or upgrading can be

accommodated without significant impact on the environment.


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Policies

4. Subject to environmental and planning approval resort styledevelopment proposals should be confined to Exmouth, Carnarvon andthe gazetted townsite at Mauds Landing/Coral Bay.

5. Proposed tourism developments outside these town sites should be

small- scale, low-im pact and high quality wilderness or ecolodge

developments.

2. DEVELOPM ENT SCALE

It is considered that major tourist

accommodation should not be developed

on the west coast of North West Cape. The

west coast is a fragile coastal environment

and its attraction is its wilderness values

and scenic beauty. The development of

major tourism accommodation would

detract from its wi lderness appeal. The

type of development envisaged for the west

coast is generally a small-scale and low-

impact accommodation, such as wi lderness

or ecolodge style which;

is development that has regard to long-range envi ronmental and natur al resource

conservation and symbioses wit h human

communi ti es. In providing facil it ies and

acti vit ies for visit ors, special care must be

taken not to dest roy the ver y resources or

quali t ies they came to exper ience. In t he

ideal sit uat ion , if development is necessary

it would be constr ucted of natur al

sustainable mater ials, generate it s own

energy fr om r enewable resour ces such as

solar or w ind, and manage it s own waste.

It should not physically alter or have a

visual impact on the exi sting natural

envi ronment (The Ecotour ism Society,

1995).

There is a demand for wilderness

accommodation and small -scale and low-

impact tourism facil ities which should be

met, although all the standards envisagedby the Ecotourism Society may not always

be achievable. From a planning

perspective, it is more appropriate that

major (large-scale or high-impact) tourist

development occur within the Exmouth

townsite or at Coral Bay/Mauds Landing

which:

are physically capable and suitable for

development;

do not abut a sensitive marineenvironment; and

have the available infrastructure ie.

roads, air transport, communications,

boat harbour, community facilities,

water, sewerage and power.

Given the development on the east coast of

the Cape incorporating the Exmouth boat

harbour and associated marina residential

development, it is appropriate that further

development be focused on that area. It isalso appropriate that the west coast be

retained largely in its natural state and its

features preserved to cater predominantly

for day use visitation and suitable small-

scale and low-impact environmentally

sensit ive tourism accommodation

development.


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3. W ILDERNESS PROTECTION

The wilderness values of the region are

outstanding. Despite historic pastoral

grazing the landform and vegetation

reinforce the unspoilt, natural and remote

values of the area and its incredible natural

beauty. The landform is dominated by

Cape Range. The Range is flanked by

highly eroded limestone terraces, drainage

lines and gorges adjacent to red alluvial

fans and f lats, fol lowed by a relatively

narrow strip of aeolian white dunes

adjacent to the beach. Vegetation is

relatively uniform and low lying, rangingbetween 0.5 and 1.5 metres, apart from

isolated stands of taller trees.

The nature of the landform and vegetation

contributes to a visual landscape which is

highly sensit ive to changes. Already minor

tracks, small telecommunication towers on

the Cape Range and gravel pits are highly

visible when viewed from Yardie Creek

Road.

While the Milyering Visitors Centre, which

is only one storey, is designed, constructed

and landscaped sympathetically it is highly

visible from a considerable distance. Even

essential standard roads signs indicating

speed, direction and hazards have

landscape impact. Notwithstanding this,

most of the major and minor sites (eg. low

lying areas or dune swales) provide some

opportuni ty to minimise the visual impact

of development.

Policies

6. To retain the wilderness values of the west coast only a limited amount of

development should be supported, in the form of small- scale/low-im pact

wilde rness/ecolodge style accomm odation. This should located consistent with

Section 1 (l ocation).

7. Proposed tourism developments should demonstrate an understanding of and be

sympathetic with the l andform, visual context and resources, views and general

landscape values of a particular site and how it is likely to impact on the

perception of the areas wilderness values.

Guidelines

2. Building structures should preferably not exceed 1 storey or 5 metres. Buildings

up to 2 storeys or 8 m etres ma y be considered, i n certain areas, provided the

proponent demonstrates that the impact would not be significantly greater than an

equivalent single storey building.

3. Proponents should prepare a visual resource management plan, which should

address:


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a). the existing landform, vegetation, prominent features and viewsheds (to

and from the proposed site);

b). contour information at a minimum of one metre intervals; and

c). how the development proposal wil l impact on wilderness landscape

values using physical or computer generated three dime nsional m odels.

4. The proposed tourism development should be designed, constructed and

operated to ensure:

a). only local ly indigenous vegetation is propagated for screening,

windbreaks, rehabilitation and landscaping;

b) . weeds are moni tored and eradicated where appropriate;

c). minimal change is made to landform (cut and fi l l) and topography to

accommodate buildings and infrastructure;

d). disturbance or loss of natural vegetation is minimised or avoided;

e). local sources of gravel , stone and earth are used, subject to

environmental approval;

f). architectural style, landscape design and construction materials reflect

local elements (eg. landform);

g). Impacts on visually prominent areas such as headlands, cliffs and ridges

are avoided;

h). materials with muted or recessive colours and low reflective qualities that

closely complem ent the setting are used;

i) . noise pollution is m inim ise d;

j ) . l ighting which may impact on nocturnal animals is minimised;

k). services including electrici ty l ines are located below ground (where

practical) provided the environmental impact is less than that of above

ground infrastructure; a nd

l) . isolated structures, such as car parks, toi let blocks, towers and storage

areas blend into the natural setting with appropriate selection of

materia ls and with locally endemic vegetation.


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4. FORESHORE SETBACK

The North West Cape has diverse land

forms and natural systems and the coastal

zone differs from place to place. Due to

this diversity, set backs for development

within the coastal zone should be defined

following consideration of the natural

processes in specific areas. For example,

some areas have extensive mobile dunes

while others have rocky foreshores. Some

areas have drainage systems which affect

mangroves and others have coastal plains

which are subject to t idal or runoff

inundation. Some areas are importantnatural fauna habitats whi le others have

high recreational values.

The coastal zone is dynamic and changes

over time. The coast is subject to erosion

or accretion due to natural processes

and/or as a result of human and animal

activi ty. For example, dunes can be mobile

as a result of natural processes or can

become mobile as a result of vegetation

removal. Therefore, on one hand,developments could be affected by dune

mobil ity whi le on the other, they could

affect vegetation and cause dune mobility.

The major and minor tourism sites

identified in the Gascoyne Coast Regional

Strategy (1996)are significantly different

and without considering a specific

development proposal it is problematic and

simplistic to provide a prescriptive

guideline regarding development setback.

For example, locating buildings off the

foredunes and on the rangeland terraces

(hard limestone) may provide an

appropriate setback, but may impact

adversely on landscape values and/or

subterranean fauna.

Policies

8. Development should be set back from the coast based on natural process

constraints.

9. Development should provide for appropriately managed public access to the

foreshore.

Guidelines

5. An appropriate setback between the development and the line of permanentvegetation should:

a). incorporate the primary and secondary dunes (where they exist);

b). address the stability (accretion/erosion) of the dune and beach system

(beach sand cycle);

c). address inundation (eg. on alluvial flood plains and drainage lines), including

from extreme natural events (eg. cyclone, storm surge or tsunami ) a nd long

term changes in sea level;


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d). protect dunes, beaches and near shore waters which provide breeding,nesting or feeding areas for significant fauna; and

e). set back development from visually prominent sites such as headlands,

cliffs, beaches and other locations which are a focus of attention or in major

viewsheds from other important locations.

6. The land within the foreshore setback should be maintained and managed to

conserve terrestrial, intertidal and near shore natural (physical and

biological), landscape and cultural features through the preparation and

implem entation of a foreshore ma nagement plan, which should ensure:

a). signage, bollards, rubbish bins and smal l structures (water tanks or toilet

blocks) within the foreshore reserve have a very low visual im pact and are of

a form ( colour, materia ls and size) consistent with the ame nity and character

of the area;

b). foreshore access roads and carparks are sensitive to environmental

constraints, minim ising cut and fill a nd vegetation removal, and following

natural contours;

c). pedestrian access is the principal form of access through the foreshore

reserve (where one exists) a nd paths direct people awa y from

environmentally sensitive areas;

d). four wheel drive, off road vehicles and motor bikes are not be permi tted on

the beach or within the foreshore reserve, except for approved boat

launching facilities; and

e). stabilisation, re habilitation, revegetation and landscaping of the foreshore

setback is undertaken using locally endemic plant species.


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5. M ARINE INFRASTRUCTURE

Direct marine impacts mainly arise due to

water-based activities (eg. boating) and

generally have a localised impact, such as

damage caused by anchor chains, the

depletion of fish stocks through overfishing

and the removal of corals and shells.

Indirect marine impacts (eg. increased

turbidity, habitat disturbance and bilge

discharge) are usually more difficult to

control where large numbers of

recreational boat enthusiasts have access to

coral reefs. There is also an increased risk

of contamination due to fuel spills andinappropriate rubbish disposal.

Marinas, canals and jetties have the

potential to cause significant

environmental impact, at the time of

construction and on an ongoing basis. Thisinfrastructure is not considered to be

consistent with the wilderness values of

the area and the intent of low key

wi lderness/ecolodge developments.

Demand exists to provide boat launching

facil ities for recreational f ishing or diving

activit ies, but management plans should

ensure uncontrolled access by vehicles and

the accumulation of boats on the beach

does not occur.

Policies

10. Ma rina and canal developments will be considered only in the designated

town sites of Exmouth and Coral Bay/Mauds Landing.

11. Ma rine structures (ie small jetties) will be considered only if they are

consistent with the Ningaloo Marine Park Management Plan (1989).

12. Boat launching facilities may be allowed provided they are consistent with

the Ningaloo Marine Park Management Plan (1989) and a strategic facilities

plan and assessed by the EPA.

13. Dredging of sand or removal of coral to provide boating passage (eg. blasting)

will not be permi tted.


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to very saline, varies in temperature from

10%C to 100%C and is corrosive. It

requires substantial treatment usually

involving desalination, cooling, softeningand removal of iron to attain potable water

quality.

Water availabili ty also constitutes a

significant environmental constraint.

Pumping of fresh or brackish water which

overl ies saline water can cause saltwater

intrusion to the surface. Recharge of the

shallow aquifer may occur only after

intense or long rainfall and in some years

this may not occur at all . Subterranean

fauna, part icularly stygofauna, may also be

impacted by changes in groundwater levels,

quality and salinity due to groundwater

extraction. Waste water from the

desalinisation and/or treatment of saline

groundwater, corrosive artesian

groundwater or sea water may be highly

saline, alkaline, acidic or contain heavy

metals and minerals, and therefore cause

impacts to the environment if dischargedto it. Evaporation or inf il tration ponds and

ocean outfall pipes, if visible, are likely to

impact on wilderness values.

Clearly the issue of water availabil ity needs

to be considered in the context of the

water required by a specif ic development

proposal, the available water resources,

proposed effluent treatment and recycling

and specific site circumstances.

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6. WATER AVAILABILITY

Water availability has been recognised as

one of the most significant constraints tothe development of the region. The

climate of the North West Cape ranges

from hot, arid conditions at the tip of Cape

Range in the north to warm semi-arid

conditions around Carnarvon in the south.

During January and February each year the

maximum daily temperature regularly

reaches 45%C.

Rainfall in the region averages 300

mill imetres annually wi th peak falls in bothsummer and winter. The sources of rain

include tropical cyclones, the incursion of

warm moist air from the Kimberley Region

and mid-latitude depressions.

Groundwater occurs either as superficial or

confined groundwater. Supplies of fresh

unconfined groundwater are generally

restricted to the vicinity of the major rivers

or in elevated areas such as the Cape

Range. In the case of the Cape Range, fresh

or brackish groundwater usually overlies

very saline groundwater. Conf ined or

artesian groundwater is under pressure and

rises when intercepted by a bore or may

naturally flow to the surface via springs.

Artesian groundwater occurs throughout

most of the region and may be as much as

900 metres below the surface in coastal

areas such as Coral Bay where alternativesources of groundwater are not generally

available. Artesian groundwater is brackish


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7. CYCLONES, FLOODING AND

DRAINAGE

The North West Cape is subject to frequentcyclones which cause strong winds, storm

surge, and tsunamis leading to inundation

of the coastal zone. More frequently,

flooding of the coastal plain occurs as a

result of the combination of rain, high tides

and low lying land. If sea levels rise, as

predicted (IPCC 1996), the coastal zone

may be subject to additional and increasing

inundation. Therefore, development sites

will require careful selection to avoidadverse impacts from cyclones and

flooding. Decision making authori ties

must carefully assess and respond to

development proposals to avoid liability for

loss or damage to developments.

14

8. SEWAGE TREATM ENT

Sewage treatment presents a considerable

environmental constraint to development.

Conventional septic systems involve the

leaching of nutrients and other pol lutants

which may impact on subterranean fauna,

ground and marine water quality and coral

ecosystems. Unlike fresh water wetlands

Policies

19. Land forms and topography should not be substantially altered to deal with

potential flooding.

20. Developments should not be located in areas subject to inundation.

21. Developments should be constructed to withstand the effects of cyclones.

Guideline

8. Development proposals should:

a). consider innovative pavement solutions as an alternative to bitumen and

concrete to decrease the amount of stormwater run-off;

b). ensure buildings and infrastructure are located based on criteria derived

from historical flooding data or best estimates;

c). be constructed to withstand the effects of cyclones; and

d). incorporate water sensitive design principles and features into overall

design of buildings, hard surfaces, landscaped are as a nd stormwater drainage.

the marine environment is sensitive to

nitrogen rather than phosphorus. In

addition, coral reef systems are very low in

nutrients and small increases can result in

a signif icant ecosystem response (Grigg and

Dollar, 1993). Alternative treatment units

(eg. Ecomax or Biocycle) for secondary and

post secondary treatment still produce


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15

effluent containing nutrients, metals and

sludge which require disposal. Evaporative

or digestion ponds may produce odour, be

highly visible and represent a risk to theenvironment if containment mechanisms

(eg. plastic or clay lining) fail. Tertiary

treatment of sewage is likely to be

uneconomic, given the anticipated scale of

development and current technology

(Baker, pers com).

Policies

22. Appropriate m anagement and monitoring should be established to ensure

criteria are met and there are contingency plans for cases of infrastructure

failure or where criteria is exceeded.

23. Sewage treatment infrastructure should produce negligible odour and be

appropriately separated from tourist accommodation.

Guidelines

9. Best practice enclosed treatment plants will be considered for approval

where:

a). an integrated and sustainable approach is adopted to minimise water

use and maxim ise recycling;

b). treated sewage will contain a maximum of 2.5g/m3 total nitrogen, 1g/m 3

total phosphorus, 5g/m 3 biological oxygen demand, 5g/m 3 suspended

solids and 100 thermotolerant coliforms; and

c). treated sewage will be disposed via trickle irrigation to natural vegetation

(not within 100 metres of beaches or wetla nds) ra ther than disposal to

the marine environment, groundwater via injection or evaporation ponds.

10. Screened solids and sludge should be transported to an appropriate

licensed landfill.

11. Organic fertilisers may be used when derived from the development

proposal itself (eg. toilet compost) rather than inorganic fertiliser, subject

to Health Department requireme nts.

12. Sewerage treatment and disposal systems should incorporate fauna

exclusion strategies or ma ke provision for fauna ma nagement.


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9. WASTE DISPOSAL

Landfil l sites in remote areas are normally

unlined, uncovered and infrequentlymaintained (Mantle, pers com). This may

result in odour, pollutants leaching into

groundwater and rubbish dispersal from

strong onshore winds. The location of a

landfill site adjacent to tourism

development has the potential to impactwi lderness value and tourism amenity.

16

10. ACCESS

Apart from the 45 kilometres of coastline

within the Cape Range National Park from

Vlamingh Head to Yardie Creek, the

remaining 320 ki lometres along the west

coast has limi ted management. Most of

this area is contained within leases and is

frequently accessed by visitors travelling in

four wheel drive vehicles and caravans

seeking a coastal holiday experience,

adventure and/or solitude. Theestablishment of indiscriminate tracks to

the coast leading to squatter shacks,

accommodation at pastoral stations and

fishing, diving and camping spots, is

causing loss of vegetation and subsequent

dune destabilisation. This is compounded

by inappropriate rubbish disposal,

increased fire risk from camp fires and

degradation to native vegetation from

firewood collection.

Policy

24. Organic and green waste should be collected, composted and

appropriately stored for use as mulch, soil improver or

fertili ser. Organic waste not used for this purpose and all inorganic

waste should be transported to a licensed landfill facility.

Guideline

13. Development proposals should prepare and implement a waste

managem ent program which minimises wa ste production and

maxim ises use, re use and recycling.

The provision of a formed road from CoralBay towards Yardie Creek and linking to

Learmonth would provide the opportuni ty

for traffic to avoid traversing the National

Park, thus reducing the number of road

kills of native animals. The proposed

tourism development sites should be sited

well away from the coast with spur roads

from the main north-south coastal road

providing access to appropr iate

destinations. This strategy has been highly

successful in Cape Range National Park by

minimising indiscreet and uncontrolled

beach access, usually by 4WD vehicles.

The spur roads would also need to be

formed to remove the necessity for vehicle

operators to create new tracks when

existing ones become boggy.

Providing access to a part icular tour ism site

may have significant environmental


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17

implications beyond its direct construction

impacts. It would not be responsible to

subject the coastal zone to increased use

prior to development of supportinginfrastructure. Furthermore, the quality of

recreational experiences offered to the

public may be substandard. It is imperative

that development be coordinated so that

when access to the Park accommodates a

larger user group, services, environmental

protection measures and tourism

infrastructure are available to ensure their

experience is catered for and managed.

Yardie Creek is one of the main features of

the Cape Range National Park, for its

wildlife conservation, aesthetic, cultural

(Aboriginal) and nature based tourism

values. The issue of a crossing for Yardie

Creek has been discussed for some time.The provision of the Learmonth/Yardie

Creek/Coral Bay road linkage would reduce

the pressure for a permanent bridge, which

would signif icantly detract from the

amenity of the area and the current visitor

experience of the naturalness, quietness

and solitude of Yardie Creek. On balance

the construction of a flexible sacrificial

crossing near the mouth of the Creek

would be more aesthetically and

environmentally acceptable.

Policies

25. Access to and from tourism developments on the western side of CapeRange should be via a formed road from Vlamingh Head to Coral Bay.

26. The planning and construction of access roads, supporting manageme nt (eg.

carparks, signage, track closures, spur roads and rubbish collection) andproposed tourism developments should be integrated and coordinated.

27. The crossing at Yardie Creek should be via a flexible structure at the Creekmouth that can function as a sacrificial crossing, rather than a l arge al lweather crossing.

28. The construction of a crossing of Yardie Creek and any roads south of YardieCreek should be referred to the EPA for environmental impact assessment.

29. Development proposals should emphasise a nd prioritise walking and hikingexperiences, rather than vehicle tours.

Guidelines

14. Roads, tracks and paths should be aligned and constructed to minimisedisruption of native fauna movement patterns.

15. In fragile environments boardwalks and fenced walkways should be

provided.


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19

g). isolate heat generating functions such as kitchens and laundries from

living areas;

h). control exposure to wind through building orientation and configuration,number and position of wall and roof openings and relationship togradient and vegetation;

i). provide shaded outdoor living areas such as porches and decks;

j). use suitable micro-climates for warm winter sites and cool summersites;

k). incorporate features to minimise energy use; and

l). avoid the use of energy-intensive, environmentally damaging, waste-producing and/or hazardous materials.

12. CONSTRUCTION AND MANAGEMENT

The following factors should be

incorporated in the planning and

implementation phases of the proposed

development, through an environmental

management system (ISO 14000 series,

1997) to minimise impacts and achieve a

more sustainable development.

Guidelines

17. Construction practices should ensure minimal site disruption.

18. Proponents should develop on-site guidelines or controls for contractors,specifying appropriate construction practices.

19. Proponents should provide briefing or training sessions for all contractorsand their employees, specifying the desired practices and the consequencesof non-compliance.

20. Contractors should provide a performance bond or deposit which can beused to repair a ny environmental damage inconsistent with an environmentalmanagement plan.

21. Environmental objectives and criteria should be documented.


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20

22. Monitoring and evaluation systems should be prepared and implemented.

23. Regular environmental audits should be undertaken.

24. Staff training and environmental e ducation programs should be established.

25. Interaction between tourists and physical and/or cultural environmentsshould be documented and managed (eg. visitor information and educationfacilities).

26. Minimal use and disposal of chemical cleaning products should beencouraged. Where disposal is unavoidable, l ow-impact products should besought.

27. Construction and decoration materia ls should not produce or release harmfulchemicals during or after manufacture.

28. Proponents should prepare and adopt a product purchasing policy whichmaxim ises use, reuse a nd recycling.

29. Proponents should provide education for visitors on wildlife, cultural

resources, historic and natural features.


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21

APPROVALS PROCESS

Any proposed tourism development will be

required to seek approval from three keyagencies in most cases:

environmental approval under the

Environmental Protect ion Act (1986)

following assessment by the EPA as

required;

planning approval under the Town

Planning and Development Act (1928)

from local government and in some

cases the Western Australian Planning

Commission; and

for sites on CALM estate including

Ningaloo Marine Park approval from

the National Parks and Nature

Conservation Author ity (NPNCA) and/or

Marine Parks and Reserves Authority

(MPRA) through CALM under the

Conservati on and Land Management

Act (1985).

Tourism developments on pastoral leases

are managed by DOLA and the Pastoral

Board. Low key accommodation (use of

shearers quarters) or camping sites may be

incorporated as a sub-lease to an existing

pastoral lease, where approval is soughtfrom the Pastoral Board. More signi ficant

development proposals requiring access,

specific tourism buildings and facilities

may be accommodated by a separate lease.

In this case a medium term (10-20 years)

lease is issued by DOLA and may be subject

to public offer. Irrespective of the type of

lease, DOLA refers applications to various

government agencies for comment.

The tenure, vesting and zoning of land,

variations in planning schemes and

management plans and the type of

development proposal will determine the

development approval required. Despite

variations it is important that touri sm

developments are considered in a

coordinated, orderly and consistent way

thereby ensuring the objectives and

intended outcomes of these Guidelines, the

Gascoyne Coast Regional Strategy (1996)and

the Exmout h-Learmonth (North West Cape)Str uctur e Plan (1998)are achieved.

Guidelines

30. Prior to lodging an application for development proponents should liaise

with the Department of Conservation and Land Ma nagement, Department of

Environmental Protection, Ministry for Planning and local government.


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multiple developments at a particular site

and along the coast generally There is a

well recognised need for more information

collected and stored in a form (eg.geographic information system) which

assists sound environmental and planning

decisions.

All development proposals should be

referred under Part IV of the Environmental

Protecti on Act (1986)to the Environmental

Protection Authori ty.

Policy

33. All development proposals should be referred to the EPA and be subject toenvironmental impact a ssessment.

Guideline

31. Proponents should preferably provide a high level of information to the EPA upfrontor as part of the assessment, at the time of referral. The remainder should be provided

as part of any environmental review document, should a formal assessment by the EPAbe required. This information should include:

a). a detailed description of the development proposal including site andlandscape appraisal, ultimate development scenario, project design,access arrangements, construction, m anageme nt and operation (seeseparate guidelines);

b). a detailed description of the existing, physical, biological, landscape andcultural environment, which should go beyond desktop studies to includedetailed field investigations of flora, fauna (terrestrial, marine and

subterranean, declared rare and priority species, biodiversity, geology andgeomorphology, hydrology, ecological processes and systems,landscape, drainage, flooding and Aboriginal cultural heritagesignificance;

c). an assessment of construction, visual, indirect, ongoing, off-site andcumulative impacts of the development proposal, and its supportinginfrastructure;

d). an assessment of alternatives and justification of the development proposalselected;

22

13. ENVIRONMENTAL APPROVAL

PROCESS

Any environmental assessment wi ll be

dependent on provision of adequate data to

allow a decision to be made. A key issue

for assessment wi ll be the potential

cumulative impact that the development

will have on the environment.

Cumulative impact assessment needs to

consider the total impact from both


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23

e). information which demonstrates, with a high degree of scientific confidence,

that anticipated environmental im pacts can be m anaged;

f). a commitment to and description of an environmental management system whichintegrates the construction and operation of the development proposal withenvironmental managem ent criteria and objectives, and demonstrates progressiveimprovement; and

g). a monitoring program and contingency plans in case environmental criteria orobjectives are not met.

14. PLANNING APPROVAL PROCESS

At a State and regional level the State

Planning Strategy (1997), Gascoyne Coast

Regional St rategy (1996)and the Exmouth-

Learmon th (Nor th West Cape) Structu re Plan

(1998)provide the basis for future

planning. Statutory planning control at a

local level is achieved through local

government town planning schemes (TPS),

and subdivision and development controls.The Shire of Carnarvon has a TPS which

covers the entire district. Under this TPS

almost all coastal land is zoned Rural. In

the Shire of Exmouth coastal land within

the National Park is zoned as Recreation

and Open Space, Commonwealth facilities

as Public Purposes and land bounded by

Jurabi Point, North West Cape and Charles

Knife Road as Resource Management.

Tourism development is a permitted use on

land zoned Rural, under the Shire ofCarnarvon TPS, while the Shire of Exmouth

has a separate Tourism zone.

Policies

34. Development of tourism sites should proceed in accordance with therelevant planning approval processes consistent with the State Pla nningStrategy (1997 ), Gascoyne Coast Regional Strategy (19 96) , Exmouth-Learmonth (North West Cape) Structure Plan ( 199 8) and relevant Town

Planning Scheme .

35. Where a tourism site is likely to accommodate a number of developmentproposals or where expansion is likely, a structure plan should be preparedto provide for integrated and logical development.


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by CALM and approved by the both the

NPNCA and Minister for the Environment.

All development proposals wi thin CALM

managed areas should be in accordance

with a CALM management plan and most

developments will require approval from

the NPNCA and the Minister for the

Environment.

24

15. NATURE CONSERVATION APPROVAL

PROCESS

The majori ty of the North West Cape isCrown land vested (or jointl y vested) in the

NPNCA or leased for pastoral purposes.

Developments on Crown land vested in the

NPNCA are managed by CALM and subject

to the relevant management plan prepared

Policy

36. All development proposals within CALM m anaged areas should be in

accordance with the a pproved CALM managem ent plan for that area.


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LOCATION

1. Proposed tourism developments should be located consistent with theGascoyne Coast Regional Strategy, Exmouth-Learmonth (North WestCape) Structure Plan and Cape Range National Park Management Plan.

2. Until more baseline environmental information is available and withinan appropriate planning context only two of the following generallocations should be developed for small-scale and low-impact tourismdevelopments; Milyering, Lefroy Bay, Wi nderabandi, Ningaloo and asite north of Cape Range National Park.

3. Camping on the North West Cape should be restricted to designated andmanaged camp sites.

SUMM ARY MATRIX

I S S U E S F O R P R O P O S E D T O U R I S M D E V E L O P M E N T S

DEVELOPM ENT SCALE

4. Subject to environmental and planning approval resort style

development proposals should be confined to Exmouth, Carnarvon andthe gazetted townsite at Mauds Landing/Coral Bay.

5. Proposed tourism developments outside these town sites should besmall- scale, low- impact and high quality wilderness or ecolodgedevelopments.

POLICIES GUIDELINES

36. Proposed tourism developments should be located to ensure:

a). an appropriate distance from areas of cultural significance orheritage value is mai ntained;

b). stable ground conditions exist for access, building construction andvisitor and management use patterns;

c). soil types are suitable for and capable of development;

d). buildings & infrastructure are located to ensure they are not subjectto inundation and/or storm surge;

e). insect breeding sites such as those of mosquitoes and biting midgesare avoided;

f). risks and hazards to visitors are minimised;

g). locations of declared rare or priority flora and fauna species areavoided or protected, and disturbance to important breeding orfeeding areas is minimised; and

h). where possible the potential for further expansion or upgrading canbe accommodated without significant impact on the environment.


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26

37. Building structures should preferably not exceed 1 storey or 5 metres.Buildings up to 2 storeys or 8 metres may be considered, in certainareas, provided the proponent demonstrates that the impact would not be

significantly greater than an equivalent single storey building.

38. Proponents should prepare a visual resource management plan, whichshould address:

a). the existing landform, vegetation, prominent features andviewsheds (to and from the proposed site);

b). contour information at a minimum of one metre intervals; and

c). how the development proposal will impact on wilderness landscapevalues using physical or computer generated three dimensionalmodels.

4. The proposed tourism development should be designed, constructed andoperated to ensure:

a). only locally indigenous vegetation is propagated for screening,windbreaks, rehabilitation and landscaping;

b). weeds are monitored and eradicated where appropriate;

c). minimal change is made to landform (cut and fill) and topographyto accommodate buildings and infrastructure;

d). disturbance or loss of natural vegetation is minimised or avoided;

e). local sources of gravel, stone and earth are used, subject toenvironmental approval;

f). architectural style, landscape design and construction materialsreflect local el ements (eg. landform);

g). Impacts on visually prominent areas such as headlands, cliffs andridges are avoided;

h). materials with muted or recessive colours and low reflectivequalities that closely complement the setting are used;

i). noise pollution is minimised;

j). lighting which may impact on nocturnal animals is minimised;

k). services including electricity lines are located below ground (wherepractical) provided the environmental impact is less than that ofabove ground infrastructure; and

l). isolated structures, such as car parks, toilet blocks, towers andstorage areas blend into the natural setting with appropriateselection of m aterials and wi th locally endemic vegetation.

WILDERNESS PROTECTION

6. To retain the wilderness values of the west coast only a limited amount

of development should be supported, in the form of small-scale/low-impact wilderness/ecolodge style accommodation. This should locatedconsistent with Section 1 (location).

7. Proposed tourism developments should demonstrate an understandingof and be sympathetic with the landform, visual context and resources,views and general landscape values of a particular site and how it islikely to impact on the perception of the areas wilderness values.

POLICIES GUIDELINES


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27

M ARINE I NFRASTRUCTURE

10. Marina and canal developments will be considered only in thedesignated town sites of Exmouth and Coral Bay/Mauds Landing.

11. Marine structures (ie small jetties) will be considered only if they areconsistent with the Ningaloo Marine Park Management Plan.

12. Boat launching facilities may be allowed provided they are consistentwith the Ningaloo Marine Park M anagement Plan and a strategicfacilities plan and assessed by the EPA.

13. Dredging of sand or removal of coral to provide boating passage (eg.blasting) wi ll not be permitted.

5. An appropriate setback between the development and the line ofpermanent vegetation should:

a). incorporate the primary and secondary dunes (where they exist);

b). address the stability (accretion/erosion) of the dune and beachsystem (beach sand cycle);

c). address inundation (eg. on alluvial flood plains and drainagelines), including from extreme natural events (eg. cyclone, stormsurge or tsunami) and long term changes in sea level;

d). protect dunes, beaches and near shore waters which providebreeding, nesting or feeding areas for significant fauna; and

e). set back development from visually prominent sites such asheadlands, cliffs, beaches and other locations which are a focus ofattention or in major viewsheds from other important locations.

6. The land within the foreshore setback should be maintained andmanaged to conserve terrestrial, intertidal and near shore natural

(physical and biological), landscape and cultural features through thepreparation and implem entation of a foreshore m anagement plan,which should ensure:

a). signage, bollards, rubbish bins and small structures (water tanksor toilet blocks) within the foreshore reserve have a very low visualimpact and are of a form (colour, materials and size) consistentwith the amenity and character of the area;

b). foreshore access roads and carparks are sensitive toenvironmental constraints, minimising cut and fill and vegetationremoval, and following natural contours;

c). pedestrian access is the principal form of access through theforeshore reserve (where one exists) and paths direct people awayfrom environmentally sensitive areas;

d). four wheel drive, off road vehicles and motor bikes are not to be

permitted on the beach or within the foreshore reserve, except forapproved boat launching facilities; and

e). stabilisation, rehabilitation, revegetation and landscaping of theforeshore setback is undertaken using locally endemic plantspecies.

FORESHORE SETBACK

8. Development should be set back from the coast based on

natural process constraints.

9. Development should provide for appropriately managed publicaccess to the foreshore.

POLICIES GUIDELINES


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28

9. Best practice enclosed treatment plants will be consideredfor approval where:

a). an integrated and sustainable approach is adopted tominimise wa ter use and maximise recycling;

b). treated sewage will contain a maximum of 2.5g/m3

total nitrogen, 1g/m3 total phosphorus, 5g/m3

biological oxygen demand, 5g/m3 suspended solids and100 thermotolerant coliforms; and

c). treated sewage will be disposed via trickle irrigation to

natural vegetation (not within 100 metres of beaches orwetlands) rather than disposal to the marineenvironment, groundwater via injection or evaporationponds.

10. Screened solids and sludge should be transported to anappropriate l icensed landfill.

11. Organic fertilisers may be used when derived from thedevelopment proposal itself (eg. toilet compost) rather thaninorganic fertiliser, subject to Health Departmentrequirements.

12. Sewerage treatment and disposal systems shouldincorporate fauna exclusion strategies or make provision forfauna management.

CYCLONES, FLOODING AND DRAINAGE

19. Land forms and topography should not be substantially altered to dealwith potential flooding.

20. Developments should not be located in areas subject to inundation.

21. Developments should be constructed to withstand the effects ofcyclones.

SEWAGE TREATMENT

22. Appropriate management and monitoring should beestablished to ensure criteria are met and there arecontingency plans for cases of infrastructure failure or wherecriteria is exceeded.

23. Sewage treatment infrastructure should produce negligibleodour and be appropriately separated from touristaccommodation.

8. Development proposals should:

a). consider innovative pavement solutions as analternative to bitumen and concrete to decrease theamount of stormwater run-off;

b). ensure buildings and infrastructure are located basedon criteria derived from historical flooding data or bestestimates; and

c). be constructed to withstand the effects of cyclones; and

d). incorporate water sensitive design principles andfeatures into overall design of buildings, hard surfaces,

landscaped areas and stormwater drainage.

WATER AVAILABILITY

14. The disposal of waste water from desalinisation or the treatment of

artesian water to the marine environment may be considered providedthe site selection for infrastructure minimises impact on theenvironment and there is no suitable alternative or complementarywater source. Disposal to the terrestrial environment may beconsidered, provided surface and ground water quality and quantityare maintained such that existing and potential uses, includingecosystem functioning are protected.

15. The scale of development and future expansion should be cognisant ofthe availability and sustainability of safe and reliable water sources.

16. Extraction of shallow unconfined groundwater must be sustainable,without impacting on dependent ecosystems or physical processes.

17. Development proponents should endeavour to obtain water from avariety of sustainable sources, with collection of rainwater being apriority.

18. Development proponents should locate visible water supply andstorage facilities sensitively within the landscape.

7. Water conservation strategies (eg. composting toilets, grey water andstormwater re-use and low flow shower roses) should be incorporatedin development proposals.

POLICIES GUIDELINES


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29

13. Development proposals should prepare and implement awaste management program which minimises wasteproduction and maximises use, reuse and recycling.

ACCESS

25. Access to and from tourism developments on the westernside of Cape Range should be via a formed road fromVlamingh Head to Coral Bay.

26. The planning and construction of access roads, supporting

management (eg. carparks, signage, track closures, spurroads and rubbish collection) and proposed tourismdevelopments should be integrated and coordinated.

27. The crossing at Yardie Creek should be via a flexiblestructure at the Creek mouth that can function as a sacrificialcrossing, rather than a large all weather crossing.

28. The construction of a crossing of Yardie Creek and any roadssouth of Yardie Creek should be referred to the EPA forenvironmental impact assessment.

29. Development proposals should emphasise and prioritisewalking and hiking experiences, rather than vehicle tours.

14. Roads, tracks and paths should be aligned and constructed tominimise disruption of native fauna movement patterns.

15. In fragile environments boardwalks and fenced walkways should beprovided.

WASTE DISPOSAL

24. Organic and green waste should be collected, composted

and appropriately stored for use as mulch, soil improver orfertili ser. Organic waste not used for this purpose and allinorganic waste should be transported to a licensed landfillfacility.

16. Proponents should ensure that development proposals:

a). have the capacity to generate their own power;

b). use northern solar orientation for passive heating and cooling;

c). minimise solid enclosure and thermal mass;

d). maximise roof ventilation;

e). use elongated or segmented floor plans to minimise internal heatgain and maximise exposure for ventilation;

f). separate rooms and functions with covered breezewaysto maximise wall shading and induce ventilation;

g). isolate heat generating functions such as kitchens and

laundries from living areas;

h). control exposure to wind through building orientationand configuration, number and position of wall and roofopenings and relationship to gradient and vegetation;

i). provide shaded outdoor living areas such as porchesand decks;

j). use suitable micro-climates for warm winter sites andcool summer sites;

k). incorporate features to minimise energy use; and

l). avoid the use of energy-intensive, environmentallydamaging, waste- producing and/or hazardous materials.

ENERGY GENERATION

30. Proposed low-impact tourism developments should employalternative/renewable energy sources where possible.

31. The commercial sale of fuel should occur in Exmouth,Carnarvon, Coral Bay/Mauds Landing and MinilyaRoadhouse.

32. Diesel or gas powered generators should only be used inemergency situations.

POLICIES GUIDELINES


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30

17. Construction practices should ensure minimal site disruption.

18. Proponents should develop on-site guidelines or controls for

contractors, specifying appropriate construction practices.

19. Proponents should provide briefing or training sessions for allcontractors and their employees, specifying the desired practicesand the consequences of non-compliance.

20. Contractors should provide a performance bond or deposit whichcan be used to repair any environmental damage inconsistent withan environmental management plan.

21. Environmental objectives and criteria should be documented.

22. Monitoring and evaluation systems should be prepared andimplemented.

23. Regular environmental audits should be undertaken.

24. Staff training and environmental education programs should beestablished.

25. Interaction between tourists and physical and/or culturalenvironments should be documented and managed (eg. visitorinformation and education facilities).

26. Minimal use and disposal of chemical cleaning products should beencouraged. Where disposal is unavoidable, low-impactproducts should be sought.

27. Construction and decoration materials should not produce orrelease harmful chemicals during or after manufacture.

28. Proponents should prepare and adopt a product purchasing policywhich maximises use, reuse and recycling.

29. Proponents should provide education for visitors on wildlife,

cultural resources, historic and natural features.

CONSTRUCTION AND MANAGEMENT

POLICIES GUIDELINES


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31

APPROVALS PROCESS

30. Prior to lodging an application for development proponents shouldliaise with the Department of Conservation and Land Management,Department of Environmental Protection, Ministry for Planning andlocal government.

31. Proponents should preferably provide a high level of information tothe EPA upfront or as part of the assessment, at the time ofreferral. The remainder should be provided as part of anyenvironmental review document, should a formal assessment bythe EPA be required. This information should include:

a). a detailed description of the development proposal includingsite and landscape appraisal, ultimate development scenario,project design, access arrangements, construction,

management and operation (see separate guidelines);

b). a detailed description of the existing, physical, biological,landscape and cultural environment, which should gobeyond desktop studies to include detailed fieldinvestigations of flora, fauna (terrestrial, marine andsubterranean, declared rare and priority species,biodiversity, geology and geomorphology, hydrology,ecological processes and systems, landscape, drainage,flooding and Aboriginal cultural heritage significance;

c). an assessment of construction, visual, indirect, ongoing,off-site and cumulative impacts of the developmentproposal, and its supporting infrastructure;

d). an assessment of alternatives and justification of thedevelopment proposal selected;

e). information which demonstrates, with a high degree ofscientific confidence, that anticipated environmentalimpacts can be managed;

f). a commitment to and description of an environmentalmanagement system which integrates the constructionand operation of the development proposal withenvironmental m anagement criteria and objectives, anddemonstrates progressive improvement; and

g). a monitoring program and contingency plans in caseenvironmental criteria or objectives are not met.

ENVIRONMENTAL APPROVAL PROCESS

32. All development proposals should be referred to the EPA and besubject to environmental impact assessment.

PLANNING APPROVAL PROCESS

33. Development of tourism sites should proceed in accordancewith the relevant planning approval processes consistent withthe State Planning Strategy, Gascoyne Coast Regional Strategy,Exmouth-Learmonth (North West Cape) Structure Plan andrelevant Town Planning Scheme.

34. Where a tourism site is likely to accommodate a number ofdevelopment proposals or where expansion is likely, astructure plan should be prepared to provide for integrated andlogical development.

NATURE CONSERVATION APPROVAL PROCESS

35. All development proposals within CALM managed areas shouldbe in accordance with the approved CALM management plan for

that area.


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32

REFERENCES

Australian Tourism Industry Association, 1990. Environmental Guidelines for Tour ist

Developments.

Brian J OBrien & Associates Pty. Ltd, 1989. The Eco Ethics of Tour ism Development .

Western Australian Tourism Commission and Environmental Protection Authori ty,

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Guidelines for Eco Tourism

Documents

Transcript of Guidelines for Eco Tourism