Guidebook- first draft

Beauregard-Keyes House Guide Book

By: Emeline Blevins

2015

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Table of Contents

Timeline ......................................................................................................................................................... 3

History of House .............................................................................................................................................. 6

Front Room ..................................................................................................................................................... 9

Hallway ....................................................................................................................................................... 11

Music Room / Front Parlor ............................................................................................................................. 12

Ballroom ...................................................................................................................................................... 13

Beauregard Bedroom .................................................................................................................................... 15

Louisiana Bedroom........................................................................................................................................ 16

Dining Room ................................................................................................................................................. 17

Back Gallery ................................................................................................................................................ 18

Beauregard Memorial Library ....................................................................................................................... 19

Mrs. Keyes’ Bedroom ...................................................................................................................................... 20

Mrs. Keyes’ Study .......................................................................................................................................... 21

Treasure Room .............................................................................................................................................. 22

Garden ......................................................................................................................................................... 23

Frances Parkinson (Wheeler) Keyes ................................................................................................................ 24

Pierre Gustave Toutant-Beauregard ............................................................................................................... 27

Engineering Work: .................................................................................................................................... 29

Architectural Information .............................................................................................................................. 31

General Info .............................................................................................................................................. 31

Architecture Style: .................................................................................................................................... 32

Wood ....................................................................................................................................................... 33

Decorative Elements .................................................................................................................................. 33

Floorplans Over Time ................................................................................................................................ 34

Museum Information ...................................................................................................................................... 37

Frequently Asked Questions ...................................................................................................................... 37

Common Misconceptions ........................................................................................................................... 39

Object Information ........................................................................................................................................ 41

Front Room ............................................................................................................................................... 41

Hallway ................................................................................................................................................... 48

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Music Room / Front Parlor ......................................................................................................................... 50

Ballroom .................................................................................................................................................. 54

Fans ...................................................................................................................................................... 55

Paintings ............................................................................................................................................... 56

Beauregard Bedroom ................................................................................................................................ 59

Louisiana Bedroom.................................................................................................................................... 64

Dining Room ............................................................................................................................................. 68

Beauregard Memorial Library ................................................................................................................... 70

Photographs .......................................................................................................................................... 73

Mrs. Keyes’ Bedroom .................................................................................................................................. 80

Small Sunroom ...................................................................................................................................... 82

Mrs. Keyes’ Study ...................................................................................................................................... 83

Mrs. Keyes’ Novels ................................................................................................................................. 85

Photographs + Misc. ............................................................................................................................... 87

Treasure Room .......................................................................................................................................... 94

Garden Guide ............................................................................................................................................... 95

Glossary ..................................................................................................................................................... 100

Sources ....................................................................................................................................................... 108

Tour Information + Objects ...................................................................................................................... 108

Frances Parkinson Keyes .......................................................................................................................... 110

PGT Beauregard ..................................................................................................................................... 110

Architectural Information ........................................................................................................................ 110

Glossary / Misc ....................................................................................................................................... 111

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Timeline 1718

• New Orleans was founded by the Le Moyne brothers traveled from French

Canada

1727

• The Ursuline Nuns build a convent and establish a school for girls

1762

• The Louisiana Territory was given to Spain in the Treaty of Fontainebleau after

the Seven Years War between France and England

1788

• A fire on Good Friday burns a most of the French Quarter

1794

• A second fire destroys most of the city

1803

• Louisiana Purchase

• The Louisiana Territory was given from Spain to France in the secret

Treaty of Ildefonso and then sold to the United States

1806

• Joseph Le Carpentier marries Blanche Modeste

1812

• Louisiana becomes the 18th state in the Union

• War of 1812

1815

• Battle of New Orleans

• Francois Correjolles, the architect of the BK House, fights in the battle

1818

• Pierre Gustave Toutant-Beauregard is born in St. Bernard Parish

1825

• The Ursuline convent is split up for Conde (now Chartres) to be put in

• Le Carpentier purchases the new lots for $6,000 (about 140K in today’s money)

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1826 - 1827

• The Beauregard-Keyes House is built

1828

• Louise Thelcide Le Carpentier marries Alonzo Morphy in the house

• They are the parents to Paul Morphy, famous chess player

1833

• Le Carpentier sells the house to Joseph Ami Merle

1837

• Merle purchases the entire property formerly owned by Le Carpentier and begins

to develop the garden

1841

• The property is auctioned off to Madame Josephine Laveau Trudeau, the widow

of Manuel Andry

1860

• Civil War begins with General PGT Beauregard capturing Ft. Sumter, SC

1865

• Civil War ends

• Madame Andry’s daughter sells the house to Dominique Lanata, a successful

grocer and land owner in New Orleans

1866

• PGT Beauregard rents the house from Lanata after he returns to New Orleans

1868

• Beauregard moves to 229 Royal Street, having lived in the Beauregard-Keyes

House for only 18 months

1885

• Frances Parkinson (Wheeler) Keyes is born in the James Monroe House on the

grounds of the University of Virginia

1893

• Beauregard dies at his house on Esplanade Avenue at the age of 75

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1904

• Pietro Giacona, a Sicilian wine and liquor merchant, purchases the house from the

Lanata family

1908

• On June 16th, Pietro and his son Corrado kill three members of the Mafia on the

back porch

• A fourth member escaped and died a few blocks away

• The family was charged but the case was never brought to trial

1926

• The house was sold and slated for demolition to be turned into a macaroni factory

when a group of ladies and General Allison Owen saved the house as a historic

site

1944

• Frances Parkinson Keyes moves into the second floor of the house and becomes a

tenant on the condition that she will restore the house

1950

• The Duke and Duchess of Windsor come to New Orleans for Mardi Gras and visit

Mrs. Keyes

1955

• The house is sold to the Keyes Foundation and she continues to live in and restore

the house

1970

• Mrs. Keyes dies on July 3rd, shortly before her 85th birthday

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History of House

History of the City pre 1826

The city of New Orleans was founded by the Le Moyne brothers in 1718. The city itself

was mainly the French Quarter, built on the natural high ground by the Mississippi River. The

bend in the river was convenient for defense of the city as well as a short distance to the lake via

St. John’s Bayou, which made trade and travel easier. The Ursuline Nuns were given the land

from Decatur to Royal Street in 1727, and the first cornerstone was laid in 1730. The Spanish

were given control of the territory in 1762. In 1788 and 1794, there were two fires that burnt a

majority of the city, prompting the Spanish to create new building/fire safety measures, resulting

in the architecture seen in the French Quarter today. In 1800, there was a secret treaty giving the

land back to France, and in 1803, Napoleon sold it to the United States. The Louisiana Purchase,

in addition to the Haitian Revolution, resulted in a great influx of immigrants to New Orleans,

prompting the creation of Chartres Street, then known as Conde. In the mid-1820s, the Convent

was split in half, with the lakeside portion being divided into 18 lots to be sold.

Le Carpentier Family

Joseph Essau Le Carpentier was a successful auctioneer in New Orleans, and in 1825

purchased the four of the newly organized lots for $6,000 ($140,000 in 2015). The area measured

125 x 150 on the corner of Conde (Chartres) and Ursuline. After an initial contract fell through,

the house began construction with a new design by Francois Correjolles (pronunciation) and

construction work done by James Lambert. A contract between Le Carpentier and Lambert states

that Le Carpentier must pay at his own cost for materials such as paint, oil, glass, locks, marble,

iron, etc. Only the wood would be provided by Lambert. The house was built as a living space

and to display the wealth of the Le Carpentier, and to further integrate the family into New

Orleans society. In 1829, the house was the site for the wedding of Louise Therese, their

daughter, and Michel Alonzo Morphy, an attorney and later a judge of the Louisiana Supreme

Court. Le Carpentier sold the side yard to the architect Correjolles, and the rest of the property

to John Merle on May 17th, 1833. Le Carpentier would live in various properties, but eventually

died in 1851 in what Wilson believes to be in a house a block above the BK House.

Merle Family

John Ami Merle was from a well-known Swiss family, and was the Swiss consulate for ten

years. After purchasing the house from Le Carpentier, he purchased the side lots from

Correjolles and his wife, Anais, developed the garden. In the 1840s, possibly due to the financial

panic of 1837, they auctioned off the house.

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Andry Family

The widow of Manuel Andry, Josephine Laveau Trudeau purchased the house on January

16th, 1841. Her husband was from a prominent Creole family, and owned a plantation upriver.

Their daughter, Adonai Andry, married L. Armand Garidel, a prominent auctioneer. The couple

moved in with Madame Andry, and inherited the house and garden after Madame Andry’s death

on September 2nd, 1849. After the Civil War ended in 1865, they sold the house and adjoining

lots to Dominique Lanata.

Lanata Family

Dominique Lanata was from a prominent family in Genoa, Italy. A successful grocery, he

lived at 9 Jefferson (Wilkinson) Street until his death in 1869, never living in the BK House. He

built a row of five two-story double houses in the Greek revival style on the river side part of

Chartres, between Nicholls and Barracks. It is during his ownership of the house that PGT

Beauregard lived on the property. From 1866 until 1868 PGT and his family lived on the

property, later moving to a house on Royal. After Dominique’s death, Angelo and Antoine

Lanata inherited the property and sometime during 1876 and 1885 added a gallery across the rear

of the house. In 1904 the Lanata family sold the house to the Giacona family.

Giacona Family

The Giacona family was from Palermo, Sicily. The purchaser, Corrado, came to the United States

with his father, Pietro, from Italy during a large influx of Italian immigrants who moved to New Orleans,

primarily to the French Quarter. They operated a wholesale liquor business in the house and used the

basement as a wine cellar. In 1908, the Giacona family killed the leaders of the Italian mafia early in the

morning after attempting to negotiate a peace. Pietro and Corrado were charged with murder but when

the case finally came to court in 1910, the charges were dismissed by the State. The family continued to

live in the house until 1925, when they sold it to Antonia Mannino, who intended to turn the lot into a

factory.

Beauregard Inc. + Keyes Foundation

Instead of demolition, the house was saved by a group interested in preserving the house,

including the New Orleans architect, General Allison Owen. They created the Beauregard House

Inc., intended to preserve and restore the house as a memorial. Grace King, a famed Louisiana

author was the first president of the association. Their efforts were not successful, and it was

used as a homeless shelter and by Alcoholics Anonymous. Civic groups also held meetings in the

building, and various surveys were made of the building. In 1944, while researching her novel

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The River Road, Frances Parkinson Keyes, wife of the late Senator Henry Keyes, rented the

upper floor of the house on the condition that she would work to restore the building. She would

live in the house during the winter, and in her later years lived there full time, converting the

back buildings into an apartment. With the help of Sam Wilson, a famed New Orleans architect,

the house was gradually restored to its 1826 state, with original wall colors and period

furniture. In 1955, it was sold to the Keyes Foundation so that Mrs. Keyes could continue her

restoration. In 1970, Mrs. Keyes died in the back bedroom, and the house became a full time

museum.

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Front Room

Date Construction Began: 1826

Owner: Joseph Le Carpentier

Architect: Francois Correjolles

Owners Succession: Le Carpentier > Merle > Andry > Lanata > Giacona > Beauregard Inc >

Keyes Foundation

Style: Federal + Greek revival + Creole Cottage

General Information: The land the house is on was originally owned by the Ursuline nuns,

but with the Louisiana Purchase and the influx of people coming to New Orleans, the city

decided to open Chartres, then called Conde, through the Convent property. The gardens were

divided into eighteen lots, and in 1825, Joseph Le Carpentier, a wealthy auctioneer who moved

to New Orleans after the Haitian Revolution, purchased four of the lots for $6,000 ($140,000).

The final plan for the house was designed by Francois Correjolles, a Creole born in Baltimore

who later moved to New Orleans. It is a raised Creole Cottage with Federalist influences. The

basement lifted the house to allow wind to enter from the river, and the attic allowed for

circulation. The central hall is very American, and each side of the house is essentially shotgun

style, with doors going straight back. Le Carpentier built the house to demonstrate his wealth to

further integrate himself into New Orleans society. The side garden was added later by Anais

Merle in the 1840s. In 1866, when he returned from the Civil War, PGT Beauregard lived here

for 18 months with his family, which is why the house is still here today. Local legend had

deemed this house the Beauregard House and that is was his ancestral home lived in for

generations. Regardless, it is because of his association that a group of ladies with the help of

General Allison Owen created the Beauregard House Inc. with intentions on a shrine to

Beauregard. They could never raise enough money to restore it, so it served as a meeting house,

homeless shelter, alcoholics anonymous, and during WWII, a pit stop for soldiers. In 1945,

Frances Parkinson Keyes, a well-traveled and wealthy New England novelist, rented the home

on the condition that she would restore it. This project would continue for the rest of her life, she

purchased the house in 1955 and died here in 1970.

Additional Fun Facts:

Fireplaces and mantle, mounding, and doors original to house

The wall colors are all original to the house – they had to go through a lot of paint

scrapings to find it (26-30 layers)

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Ceilings are about 14’

Rooms are about 25’ x 25’

Marble was shipped down from Pennsylvania – very expensive

Baseboards were painted to look like marble – it was too expensive to have all the

baseboards be marble, also it was suited for the time period

Renovations cost about 4.5 million in today’s money

Originally supposed to be a bedroom

When Mrs. Keyes first lived here this room was her writing space, but people began to

walk up the steps and peer in and take pictures so she moved to the back of the property

The painting above the mantle is by Boyd Cruise, first director of the HNOC

– It is the cover for FPK’s novel, Madame Castel’s Lodger

In the corner are signatures of Robert E. Lee, George Washington, and James Audubon

For more information on FPK: 24, PGT: 27, Architecture: 31, Objects: 41, Glossary

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Hallway

The hallway in the house is distinctly American, and shows the new influences in the city

as well as the wealth of Le Carpentier. Traditionally, one would have had guests enter the public

side of the home in a Creole Cottage style home, but the center hall was a new space within the

home. The carpet is a reproduction of what would have been there in the 1820s, and they were

strips sewn together to create the illusion of wall to wall carpeting. With guests entering the

home off of the street, the carpeting protected the wood floors and could be replaced over time.

The wallpaper is a reproduction of a palmetto design from the time period. Matching walls and

floors was not necessary, décor was chosen on what looked nice rather than what matched. The

front latch is not original to the home, and was added as extra protection in 1908.


The hall is 75’ x 8’

For Architecture: 31, Objects: 48

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Music Room / Front Parlor

This room is called the Music Room/Front Parlor. It is on the public side of the home

where guests would have been entertained. The pocket doors would have been able to close to

make a more intimate setting. The pocket doors no longer function due to the gradual shift of the

house towards the river. The square grand piano was Mrs. Keyes, it was made in Boston in the

1860s, and while very popular in their time, these types of pianos are rare nowadays. There is a

painting of Francois Correjolles, the architect of the house. He was very successful in New

Orleans, one of the first American born architects to become so. The fan in the corner in a case

was a gift from PGT to his first wife as an engagement present.


Square Grand Pianos cost around $800 in the 1860s, the equivalent to a small home- and

around $20,000 in today’s money

o Although it’s probably worth more due to the rarity of square grand pianos

The music on the piano was composed in honor of PGT

The bust of PGT was originally white but a child went wild with a marker and it was

painted black

The mirror is a Beauregard family piece

For Architecture: 31, Objects: 50, PGT: 27, Glossary

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Ballroom

This is the ballroom, although at the time it would have doubled as a dining room and a

ballroom. When the house was built, this was the largest room in the French Quarter.

Additionally, the blue paint on the walls was very unique due to the high cost of indigo. On the

original plans for the house this side was intended to be the bedrooms, but they changed their

minds so all the structural support is on the left side of the house while the side with heavy

furniture, dancing, and lots of movement has little. As a dining room it would have seated about

(25)? People. For balls the furniture would have been moved out to make room for dancing. To

the back right of the room is a kitchenette where servants (slaves) would have entered from the

courtyard to plate the food and then bring it to the table.

Paintings: The painting above the mantel is Beauregard when he was head of the Louisiana

Lottery, and the woman to the left is his first wife, Marie Antoinette Laure Villere Beauregard.

She was the daughter of the second governor of Lousiana. They had three children, Henri, Rene,

and Laure. Unfortunately, Laure died giving birth to their daughter, also named Laure. Laure

Beauregard Larendon (Laure 2) is shown across from her mother in the corner by the dining

room. She married Charles A. Larendon, and had two children, Lillian and Laure. Laure (2) died

giving birth to her daughter Laure (3). Lillian is shown on the right hand corner by the front

parlor and the hall. She died at age eight of diphtheria. Her sister Laure is shown across from her

and to the right of PGT. Laure (3) never married or had children, and became a good friend of

Mrs. Keyes, and it is because of this friendship we have so many Beauregard family pieces. The

three painting of Laure (2), Lillian, and Laure (3) all depict them wearing a bracelet made from

PGT’s military uniform. After a campaign/battle he would send a button home and they had it

gilded and made into a bracelet. The darkened painting is of Venice at night, but the artist used

bitumen which has darkened over time, but if the guests sit in the chairs they can see the objects

in the painting better.

PGT: 27, Paintings: 56-58, Glossary

Fans: Fans were popular as both a cooling device and a way to communicate (language of the

fan card). Mrs. Keyes began collecting fans when a family friend, Judge Towners was appointed

Governor of Puerto Rico, and he inspired her to purchase one when she visited. (1) The fan in the

case in the top center depicts Henry IV entering Paris, with two miniatures of Henry IV’s

mistresses on the side. It is mother or pearl, velvet, and heavily gilded, and the most valuable of

Mrs. Keyes’ collection. She found it in a pawnshop in Montevideo, Uruguay. (2) On the left is a

fan from Ecuador. It was a gift to a Senorita by a Spanish gentleman and, according to Mrs.

Keyes, was at a ball Simon Bolivar attended. (3) The lower center fan is a small delicate fan. (4)

On the right is a fan owned by Empress Charlotte (Carlota) of Mexico. Her husband, Emperor

Maximillian, established the monarchy in Mexico two years after Napoleon III invaded in an

attempt to establish French rule. The government was not recognized and in 1867, three years

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after declaring himself emperor, Maximillian was executed. After her husband’s death, Charlotte

had a mental breakdown and was declared insane. (5) On the wall by the kitchenette is a

Beauregard fan, and to the right of it (6) is a fan owned by Empress Eugenie of France, the wife

of Napoleon III.

See Fans: 55-56


The cost of blue paint was high due to the rareness of lapis lazuli and the high price of

indigo

The chandelier in the center of the room was from the church in Vermont that Mrs.

Keyes got married in

Attic was/is storage space although Mrs. Keyes converted it to living quarters for her

butler

Bitumen (pronounced bih chu men) is another word for asphalt an is a black substance

used for paving and waterproofing

When Mrs. Keyes first began to restore the property there was a wall dividing the two

rooms, although it was just off center

Objects: 54, Floorplans: 34

15

Beauregard Bedroom

The reason this room is called the Beauregard Bedroom is due to the number of

Beauregard family pieces in this room. The field trunks and mess kit in the corner were those

that Beauregard took with him to battle. On the desk is a picture of Laure, his granddaughter. In

the back corner is his pray dieu, a prayer stool for daily devotion, with embroidery by his

granddaughter. Beds would have been in the center of the room to allow airflow. With the heat

of the city in the summers, the windows and doors of the house would have been open to allow

air to circulate, and the beds would have caught the air best in the center of the room. Mosquito

netting would have come down from the top of the bed. In the 1800s, mosquitos were killers

with yellow fever and malaria running rampant in the city. There is also a picture of PGT’s

second wife, Marguerite “Caroline” Deslonde Beauregard. They were married in 1860, but due

to the Civil War they rarely saw each other as PGT was in the field, and New Orleans was under

Union control. She died in 1864 after a two year period of illness. Over 6,000 people attended

her funeral, and a steamship provided by Union General Nathaniel Banks took her body upriver

to her native parish. Beauregard had her tomb inscribed with the phrase “The Country came

before me”, believing those to be her words.


The washstand, dresser, porcelain, and possibly the desk are NOT Beauregard pieces

The cup on the washstand has a barrier for persons with mustaches

62% of the city is still Catholic

Caroline’s brother in law was John Slidell, a Louisiana senator and later an important

diplomat for the confederacy

o See Glossary for Slidell and Caroline

PGT: 27, Objects: 59

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Louisiana Bedroom

This is called the Louisiana Bedroom due to it containing primarily Louisiana made

furniture. When Mrs. Keyes lived in the main house, this was her bedroom. The bed is a four

poster bed with a roller on top for rolling the mattress flat in the morning. Mattress used to

contain a variety of things such as hay, feathers, horse hair, and Spanish moss. Understandably,

the beds would become misshapen by the morning, which is where the rolling pin comes in.

Because it was heavy and a two person job, the day bed was necessary for resting during the day.

For women, the heat, in addition to the layers of clothing and corsets, were fatiguing and a day

bed was a place to rest and relax in lieu of messing up the mattress. The dressing table in the

corner by the bathroom belonged to Caroline. The armoire in the opposite corner is a piece of

Louisiana furniture. It is unique because of the U.S. seal on the top. It has 18 stars, for Louisiana

was the 18th state, and the eagle is facing away from the olive branch, meaning the country was

at war. This war was the War of 1812, which is the war the Battle of New Orleans was fought for

in 1815. The cabinet in the corner is a bonnet cabinet for holding ladies bonnets, and the quilting

on the side is for hat pins. The christening set inside belonged to John Slidell, Caroline’s brother

in law.


Objects: 64, FPK: 24, War of 1812: Glossary

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Dining Room

The dining room was originally a back gallery that was enclosed by either the Merle or

Andry family (most likely the Andry). The floor slants because of this, as its original purpose

was for rainwater runoff. The room to the left was probably a garçonnière that was later turned

into a pantry when Mrs. Keyes built a kitchen off the main house. The table, chairs, and china

cabinet are French with a hunting motif. Various animals of the hunt are carved into the various

pieces. The two side tables are Peruvian, brought back from one of Mrs. Keyes’ trips.


- The cookbook on the china cabinet was written by Mrs. Keyes

- Objects: 68, Architecture: 31

18

Back Gallery

Giacona Murders: The Giacona family moved to New Orleans from Palermo Sicily in the

early 1900s, and purchased the house from the Lanata family. The early 1900s was a period

when there was a large Italian immigration to New Orleans, and a majority settled into the

French Quarter. This was due to the fact that the French Quarter had become something of a

slum, and housing was cheaper. With this immigration came the introduction of the “Mano

Nera” or the “Black Hand”, a system of threats and extortion used by the Mafia. The Giaconas

were wealthy wine and liquor merchants who owned a shop, and used the basement of the

property as a wine cellar. The crime syndicate repeatedly threatened violence against the

Giacona family and demanded ‘protection money’ from them which the Giaconas refused to pay.

The patriarch of the family, Pietro, invited four of the heads of the mafia over to negotiate a

peace. At 2:30 AM, violence erupted and three members of the mafia were killed

instantaneously, the fourth managed to escape and died several blocks away. Pietro said that one

of the members had made a threat on his son Corrado’s life, prompting the shooting. The next

month on July 27th, the house was shot at in retaliation, which is why the iron bar is installed.

The Giaconas were charged, but the case against them was dropped in 1910, for it was seen as a

‘public service’.

Courtyard Layout: The building to the left of the house was originally the carriage house

leading out to Ursuline Street, where Croissant d’Or is now. Mrs. Keyes converted it into her

secretary’s office. The back portion of the lot was the kitchen, and above it the slave quarters.

Fire was very dangerous, so kitchens were built as far from the house as possible. The flagstones

in the courtyard were originally in the kitchen, but were removed when Mrs. Keyes renovated

the back portion. The building to the right was storage and had a flat roof with stairs connecting

to the back gallery. In the top right corner of the property was the original outhouse. Mrs. Keyes

converted this portion into the Beauregard Memorial Library and, when she became arthritic and

could no longer use stairs, her bedroom. In the 1800s this courtyard would have been used as a

vegetable garden, laundry, and workspace.


Architecture: 31, Giaconas: Glossary

19

Beauregard Memorial Library

The Beauregard Memorial Library was originally a storage space, renovated into a

library. The space now is used for temporary exhibitions. The fireplace mantle was brought

down from New England by Mrs. Keyes, and the fireplace installed especially for this mantle.

The dollhouse by the door was a wedding present for Mrs. Keyes from her husband’s niece. As

previously mentioned, Mrs. Keyes was an avid collector of dolls. At Christmas, the dollhouse

was brought up to the main house and Mrs. Keyes would invite the neighborhood children over

for a tea party, something the house still does today. Mrs. Keyes was a well-known novelist, and

she was an editor at Good Housekeeping, interviewing many famous people as well as traveling

the world. Some of those people were Mussolini, Kaiser Wilhelm, Pope Pius, Mary Pickford,

Lon Chaney Sr., Grace Coolidge, among many others. In 1950, the Duke and Duchess of

Windsor came to New Orleans for Mardi Gras, and the only private home they went to was Mrs.

Keyes. They had Brocato’s gelato on the back gallery, and later her famed mint juleps. Although

raised a protestant, Mrs. Keyes had a fascination with Catholic saints, and converted to

Catholicism later in life. She often stayed in convents during her travels to research for her

writing, and the tree next to the mantle is the family tree of Jesus from Adam and Eve to Jesus

Christ.


Objects: 70, Photographs: 73-79, FPK: 27

20

Mrs. Keyes’ Bedroom

As mentioned earlier, in her later years Mrs. Keyes had difficult moving around and

could no longer climb the stairs to and from the house. As a solution, she converted this area into

her bedroom. The injury came from a misdiagnosis and mistreatment of an earlier injury, and

pain was constant throughout her life. She had buzzers installed next to her bed so that she could

call her servants. It was in this room that she died on July 3rd, 1970, shortly before her 85th

birthday. Her dog Lucky died here a week later. On the wall are pictures of her three sons,

Henry, John, and Charles, and some of her grandsons. Various catholic statues are scattered

about. On the wall near her bed is the French Legion of Honor ‘National de la Legion

d’Honneur’, given to her by the French government in recognition of her novel, Came a

Cavalier, set in France from the end of WWI to WWII. She was awarded the ‘Chevalier’

distinction, which is the lowest of the five ranks, but is rare given she is not a French citizen, nor

is she in the military. The patio off in the corner was originally open air, where Mrs. Keyes

would sit and relax, but has since been enclosed to preserve the tile. The tiles are hand painted

from Barcelona, Spain and each tile is unique.


The Legion of Honor was created by Napoleon in 1802

o It is awarded for ‘Excellent civil or military conduct

delivered, upon official investigation’

Her dog Lucky was a Cocker Spaniel

FPK: 24, Objects: 80

21

Mrs. Keyes’ Study

This room was Mrs. Keyes’ study. When you first enter, there is a cabinet with the

‘Royal Dolls’ including Mary Queen of Scots, Queen Elizabeth II?, and various dolls. The table

has a few of her novels, and the two most famous are Dinner at Antoine’s and Crescent

Carnival. Dinner at Antoine’s is a murder mystery that takes place at Antoine’s Restaurant, the

oldest continually family owned restaurant in the United States. Crescent Carnival chronicles

several generations of a family during Mardi Gras. Throughout the room are various family

photos, and on one of the shelves is all of her 51 Novels. The portrait above the mantle is

Pendleton Hogan, he was a friend of Mrs. Keyes she met in Washington D.C., and he wrote a

short biography of her. When he was visiting New Orleans she invited him over for lunch, told

him she was going on a trip and asked him to stay in her house. Came for lunch, stayed for a

year. She wrote all of her novels by hand, and her secretary would go into the next room and

type it. On the desk is the manuscript for Chess Player, a novel on Paul Morphy. Paul Morphy’s

grandfather was Joseph Le Carpentier, who built the house, and it was his mother who got

married here. She would often work late into the night writing, and it paid off for she became the

third best-selling author in the U.S.


The picture on the desk is of her scolding a school teacher. FPK did not like her picture

taken and one time when a school group came to visit, a student took her picture, and

then another one when FPJ was scolding the teacher for allowing it to happen.

There is a bottle on the right side of the bookshelf that FPK christened a ship with

The elephant was given to FPK by Grace Coolidge when she heard that FPK had been

trying to gain support for some cause

o The donkey was a response by a democratic friend who saw her receive the

elephant

FPK was friends with Eleanor Roosevelt, and like Eleanor, renounced her membership to

the DAR when they refused to let Marion Anderson perform at Constitution Hall

FPK: 24, Objects: 83, Photographs: 87, Novels: 85

22

Treasure Room

Originally the carriageway, one can see the brick walls where the doors used to be. Later

it was used as the secretary’s office and it is currently home to some of the veilleuses in Mrs.

Keyes’ collection. Mrs. Keyes has the second largest collection that we know of. The largest is a

private collector in Tennessee. The staircase is from a house in the garden district that was being

torn down, and Mrs. Keyes saved it from becoming scrap. It leads nowhere, but it is pretty.


Objects: 94

23

Garden

The garden was built on the side lot of the property by the Merle family. John Merle

bought the house itself in 1832, but Le Carpentier had sold the side portion to the architect

Correjolles. In May, 1833, Merle gradually began buying pieces of the lot from Correjolles. In

February, 1837, Merle purchased the remaining lot and owned the entire property that Le

Carpentier had bought from the nuns in 1825. From the 1830s until the 1860s, the garden was

developed and maintained by the Merle, and later the Andry family. When the Andry family sold

the house to the Lanata family, the side portion was sold as four lots to Jean Michel. In 1866,

Michel sold three of the corner lots to the wife of Julius A. Boulenger, and it is she who most

likely constructed the two story building on top of the garden. The buildings were commercial

buildings with a courtyard between the two structures. After Madame Boulenger, it traded hands

several times, being a dry goods business and a shirt factory. In 1896, the shirt factory, with its

smokestack, expanded, with both buildings becoming two stories, and removing a portion of the

courtyard for a warehouse. In 1906 they were sold by the estate to Auguste Marchal and Dr.

Joseph Elliott. At one point, a third story was added to the building adjacent to the Beauregard

house.

By the 1940s, it was being used as a candy factory, and it was at this time that Mrs.

Keyes first leased the Beauregard-Keyes House. While restoring the house, Mrs. Keyes began

negotiations with the owners of the factory, and in 1952 the property was exchanged with Mrs.

Keyes’ friend and head of the Keyes Foundation, Willis G. Wilmot, for another property. He

then gave the property to Mrs. Keyes who in turn transferred the title of the property over to the

Keyes Foundation. A meeting of the Vieux Carre Commission in August 1954, whose minutes

were recorded by General L. Kemper Williams, founder of the Historic New Orleans

Collections, moved to allow the demolition of the buildings for a garden. The former walls were

used as the garden wall, with small iron grilled openings on Ursulines and Chartres for public

viewing. There were plans for a two story pavilion that was eventually abandoned.

From Ann Masson’s Garden Guide: “ In 1972, The Garden Study Club of New Orleans donated

the triple-arch, wrought-iron trellis designed to suggest the larger one seen on the 1865 plan…

Plants surviving from earlier efforts have been retained, and their names are underlined on the

following plant list. New materials were selected to reflect the taste of New Orleanians during

the mid-19th century when the Merles and the widow Andry enjoyed their parterre.”


There is a plaque to Veronica Hornblower, one of Mrs. Keyes’ secretaries who died while

the garden was being constructed

There is a plaque saved from the Girod Street Cemetary of Anais Phillipon, the wife of

John Merle, who built the original garden

Garden Guide: 95

24

Frances Parkinson (Wheeler) Keyes

Birth: July 21st, 1895

At BK House: 1945 - 1970

Death: July 3rd, 1970

Frances Parkinson Keyes, born Frances Parkinson Wheeler on July 21st, 1885, was a

prolific woman in her time. Her father John Wheeler was a classics professor at the University of

Virginia (UVA), and her mother was a widowed socialite from New York. Named after her

paternal grandmother, she was born in the Monroe house on the grounds of UVA. Two years

after her birth, her father died. From her mother’s first marriage, Frances had a half-brother

James Underhill whom she adored. Shortly before her fourth birthday, her mother married again.

It was not successful due to the husband’s infidelities and, according to Frances, her mother’s

disagreeable personality. At age nine, Louise divorced her husband and took Frances to Paris. On

the voyage over she recollects leaving her doll Violet on the bed, and taking Caroll out to see the

statue of liberty. In Europe she would learn to speak French and German, and was an avid reader.

Upon their return to America, she was enrolled in school in Boston where she excelled despite

numerous health problems.

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When she was around fifteen, Henry “Harry” Wilder Keyes, a family friend, began to

court her. Two years later he proposed. The engagement was to be kept secret so she could

remain in school. Initially, his family was not receptive due to their dislike of her mother, the

belief that Henry had courted Louise Wheeler first as well as her multiple marriages, and the age

difference between Frances and Henry (he was 23 years older). Her brother James, who already

had a falling out with their mother, was also unreceptive to the match. After attending school for

another year, and not attending college, her mother took her to Europe until the engagement was

announced. This was difficult for both Frances and Henry, and it was decided that their

engagement was to be announced the following April. On June 8th, 1904 she married Henry.

After their marriage, she had three children, Henry (1905-1983), John (1907 – 1983), and Francis

“Peter” (1912-1981). Despite continual struggles with illness, Frances raised and educated her

children to the best of her abilities. In 1916, Harry was elected governor of New Hampshire, and

although sick with sepsis, she went to Concord for the inauguration, though she could not attend.

During Harry’s governorship from 1917-1919, Frances would often travel and give speeches for

him, earning the nickname ‘Lieutenant Governor’.

In 1919, Harry ran for state senator, and was elected. The older sons would enroll in

Harvard, and Harry, Frances, and Peter would move to Washington D.C. The capitol was a

myriad of luncheons and social callings, which Frances excelled at. While still in New

Hampshire, she had published the novel The Old Gray Homestead. Frances advocated for public

policy, giving speeches for a bill regarding medical care for women and children, as well as

legislature for the restoration of Arlington. She published another novel, The Career of David

Noble, and began to write for Good Housekeeping. In the summer of 1923, Good Housekeeping

sponsored a trip for Frances and Henry to travel Europe. There she interviewed Mussolini and

his wife, was introduced at the Court of St. James, met Alphonso XIII of Spain, as well as many

other European dignitaries. In 1924, she attended and reported on the 1924 Democratic

Convention, the longest convention in political history with over 103 votes, and a strong Klan

influence.

In the mid-20s, Frances and her sons would travel to Panama and “The Orient”. In

Panama, she med the president at the time, Rodolfo Chiari. They then traveled to California and

then to Japan. In Japan, Frances met Shidzue Kato, a 20th Century Japanesse feminist, Princess

Higashi Fushimi, among many others. She traveled to China, Korea, Singapore, Indonesia, and

the Philippines. She also traveled to Egypt and Jerusalem, among many other places. In Greece

she met General Pangalos shortly before he was overthrown in a coup. After a brief interlude in

Washington, Frances and Henry returned to the continent for a religious continent, and traveled

to Rome to meet Pope Pius XI. After returning to America to cover the various party conventions

for the 1928 elections, she again headed out to Spain, Portugal, Venezuela, Uruguay, Brazil, and

many more in South America. In Puerto Rico, she was introduced to the idea of fan collecting,

and it was there her collection began.

Throughout this time she continued writing, what she considered, in addition to

motherhood, her calling. Although there was some struggle in the years of the Great Depression.

Regardless, at some points she was earning more than Harry. In 1935, Frances resigned from her

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role as associate editor of Good Housekeeping, and in 1937, became an editor of the DAR

Magazine. The two groups clashed, and she resigned after the DAR refused to allow Marion

Anderson to sing at Constitution Hall. Frances, like the first lady Eleanor Roosevelt, resigned

their memberships in protest. Harry served three terms as senator, retiring in 1937 to the family

home, Pine Grove Farm, and died there a year later. Frances’s mother Louise died in 1939.

She continued to publish many of her novels, as well as travel, and in 1942, made her

way down to Louisiana and restored a mansion near Baton Rouge. In New Orleans, she rented

and then purchased the building now known as the Beauregard-Keyes House, and restored the

building. In 1950, she entertained the Duke and Duchess of Windsor on the back gallery.

Because of a back injury in her twenties, she wore a steel back brace, but in her later years found

it difficult to walk, and write. She died in the Beauregard-Keyes House on July 21st, 1970.

Fun Facts:

Harry enjoyed her novel The Career of David Noble

She published 51 works

o Her last one, All Flags Flying, an autobiography from marriage onwards, was

published after her death by her sons

Had an honorary degree from George Washington University

Awarded the French Legion of Honor for the novel Came a Cavalier

Made a Dame of the order of Isabel by Francisco Franco in 1958

Robert E. Lee was one of her favorite historical figures

Knew/met many famous people including

o FDR and Eleanor Roosevelt

o Calvin and Grace Coolidge

o Warren and Florence Harding

o William McKinley and Ida Saxton McKinley

o H.G. Wells

o Phoebe Hearst, mother of William Randolph Hearst

o Mussolini

o Kaiser Wilhelm

o King Alphonso XIII

o William Jennings Bryan

o Harold Lloyd

o Mary Pickford

o Duke and Duchess of Windsor

See Glossary for more family, Novels: 85

27

Pierre Gustave Toutant-Beauregard

Birth: May 28th, 1818

Time at BK House: 1866-1868

Death: February 20th, 1893

Pierre Gustave Toutant-Beauregard (PGT) was born May 28th, 1818 in St. Bernard’s

Parish on the “Contreras” Plantation. He was from a French Creole family, his mother’s family

descending from Italian nobility who immigrated to France, then Louisiana, and his father’s

family was of French and Welsh origins. Both parents were descendants of those who founded

St. Bernard parish generation earlier. The third of seven children, PGT was raised speaking only

French on a sugar plantation. When he was eleven he was sent to a school in New York where he

learned English.

Starting in 1834 attended the United States Military Academy (Westpoint), and studied

engineering. It was here that he removed the hyphen from Toutant-Beauregard, and he would

also drop the Pierre, typically signing his name G.T. Beauregard. Due to his French origins and

love of Napoleon Bonaparte, PGT was nicknamed “Little Napoleon” and “Little Creole” by his

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classmates. When he graduated in 1838, he was second out of forty-five students. Upon

graduation he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the corps of engineers.

In 1841, he married the sister of his good friend Charles Villere, Marie Antoinette Laure

Villere. They would live for some time on her family’s plantation, Magnolia, which is downriver

from New Orleans in Plaquemines Parish. They later moved into a home on St. Louis Street, and

would have two sons, Rene and Henri. He was sent to the Mexican-American War as a

Lieutenant and an engineer. He served alongside his future commander, Robert E. Lee, then a

captain. After the war ended he worked in Louisiana on levees and forts. His wife Laure died in

childbirth giving birth to his daughter, also named Laure, in 1850. In 1860 he married Caroline

Deslondes, whose brother in law was Louisiana senator John Slidell. He was appointed

superintendent of engineering in 1853, a position he held until 1860. He ran for mayor in 1858,

and was unsuccessful. In January 1861, he was appointed superintendent of WestPoint. He

assumed the position on the 23rd, and five days later due to his status as a secessionist, he

resigned his post. Louisiana had seceded from the union on January 26th, 1861.

Upon his return to Louisiana from New York, he found that Braxton Bragg was

appointed the head of the Louisiana forces. Instead, Beauregard was appointed Brigadier General

in March, the first confederate officer to be promoted, and was placed in charge of the defenses

of Charleston. There on April 12th he would order the first shots fired in the Civil War on Ft.

Sumter, then under the control of his former instructor and good friend Major Robert Anderson.

Anderson surrendered on April 14th.

On July 21st was the First Battle of Bull Run/Manassas. Beauregard and General Joseph

Johnston defeated McDowell, a former classmate of Beauregard’s. While some dispute who

made the majority of the tactical decisions, victory and credit was given to Beauregard. On July

23rd, Johnston recommended that Beauregard be made a full general and he was, with the date of

his promotion being recorded as the date of the battle (July 21st). After the battle he advocated

for a change of the battle standard from the confederate stars and bars to a new flag, which is

now known as the ‘Confederate Flag’. The old stars and bars was easily confused with the Union

stars and stripes, which led to friendly fire during the battle.

Despite this victory, Beauregard had strained relations with higher ranking members of

the government, most notably President Jefferson Davis. After a proposed plan for the invasion

of Maryland was rebuffed, he requested a reassignment to New Orleans, which was rejected.

Because of this friction he was transferred to the Army of Tennessee under the command of

General Albert Johnston and his Army of Mississippi in March 1862. They then launched the

Battle of Shiloh against Ulysses S. Grant. Johnston was mortally wounded, and Beauregard

assumed control of the Western Army. As night fell he called off the attack, believing Grant to

be nearly defeated, and would return in the morning. This decision was and still is extremely

controversial for Civil War historians. The next afternoon, General Buell arrived to aide Grant,

and overwhelmed Confederate forces. They retreated to Corinth, and then to Tupelo. While at

Corinth they were under siege from Buell, and lost many men due to death from disease. When

he later retreated, there was again controversy over his decision to leave the railroad junction

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without a battle. Afterwards he went on medical leave without permission, and Davis replaced

him with General Braxton Bragg.

When he recovered, Davis refused to give him his old position, and instead assigned him

to Charleston for the coastal defense of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. He was innovate

with his use of naval warfare, and successfully defended Charleston from union naval attacks.

While visiting Florida, he received news that his wife, Caroline, had died in Union occupied

New Orleans. She had been seriously ill for two years, and over 6000 people attended her

funeral. Throughout the rest of 1864, he would successfully defend confederate supply lines

from union forces, and to his great credit was the second battle of Petersburg, holding out against

an overwhelming force from Grant.

Davis appointed him the head of the Western Department, which had little to do, and

with uncooperative subordinates, Beauregard had difficult accomplishing much of anything.

Eventually, due to his poor health, Beauregard reluctantly accepted a replacement for his

position. By that time however, Sherman had begun his march, and in April he surrendered to

Sherman. Upon returning to New Orleans, he swore an oath of loyalty to the United States in

front of the mayor in September of 1865, and was officially pardoned on July 4th, 1868.

After the war he lived in the Beauregard-Keyes house for a brief period. He was

appointed the president of the New Orleans railroad, which included the New Orleans and

Carrolton Street Railway. While living in the house, his children, a sister and her family, and a

sister-in-law and her family also lived in the house. In 1877 he was appointed a supervisor of the

Louisiana Lottery with former confederate general Jubal Early. He was courted by the armies of

Egypt, Romania, and Brazil, but rejected them all. He also wrote several accounts of various

battles, even getting into a series of counter arguments between himself and Jefferson Davis.

Beauregard was unique among Confederate generals for his support of freed slaves after the civil

war, and advocated for their civil and voting rights.

After his daughter’s marriage to Charles Larendon, the couple lived with Beauregard in

New Orleans. PGT did not like his son-in-law Charles, and after the death of his daughter Laure,

he had his granddaughters Lillian and Laure (also called Doucette) live with him. People would

often comment on seeing the general walking around town with the two children. Beauregard

died in his sleep on February 29th, 1893, and Confederate general Kirby smith served as chief

mourner. He left an estate of around 150,000 (3.8 million), to be divided amongst his two sons

and his granddaughter, Laure. Part of Laure’s bequest was furniture and the family portraits,

which is why we have them at the BK house today.

Engineering Work: After graduating Westpoint in July, 1838, he was appointed a Second

Lieutenant in the Corps of Engineers. One of his first assignments was assistant engineer in the

reconstruction of Ft. Adams, in Narraganset Bay, Rhode Island, from 1838 until 1839. A

majority of his work would be in the gulf region, working on defense and fortifications on the

Mississippi and surrounding areas. These projects included a survey of Barataria Bay, repairs of

Ft. Jackson on the Mississippi, maintenance of the Tower Dupre, defenses of the eastern passes

30

of New Orleans. In 1844, he was in Maryland working on the reconstruction of Ft. McHenry

when he left for the Mexican-American War, where he would work with defense,

reconnaissance, and sieges. After the war he would oversee construction and repairs at Ft. Gaines

in Mobile, Fts. St. Philip and Jackson in Louisiana, and Ft. Livingston in Louisiana. At most of

these fort constructions he was the Superintending Engineer.

Beauregard was on the Board of Engineers for improvements of the Delta of the

Mississippi, and he worked on the construction of two harbors on Lake Pontchartrain, and

oversaw the opening of the southwest pass into the Mississippi. He was also on the Board of

Engineers for the defenses of the Gulf Frontier of Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas, and worked

on the protection of Ft. McRee, Florida.

In the city of New Orleans, before the Civil War, he was an engineer for the Customs

House, the Marine Hospital and Quarantine Warehouses, as well as overseeing the drainage of

the city. After the war he would become superintendent of the New Orleans and Carrollton Street

Railways, a system of railways connecting New Orleans to surrounding neighborhoods. A great

proponent of the railways, he invented a system of overhead cables for pulling the streetcars,

instead of steam engines or horses, but it was not adopted, although similar systems began to be

used a century afterwards. Beauregard, while in charge, reverted back to horse drawn streetcars

rather than steam engines to reduce the noise and complaints of sparks hitting ladies’ dresses.

Later on, he was elected Commissioner of Public Works.

Fun Facts:

Spoke only French until his teens

Was around 5’7’’

Loved Napoleon

o The military school he attended before West Point was operated by two former

Napoleonic soldiers

o He was able to read the French on the interpretations and explanations on

Napoleonic battle plans, giving him a better understanding than his

contemporaries

For more family information see Glossary

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Architectural Information

Date Built: 1826-1827

Style: Raised Creole Cottage / Federal Style / Greek revival

Owner: Joseph Le Carpentier

Architect: Francois Correjolles

Builder: James Lambert

General Info: Built in 1826, the Beauregard-Keyes House was designed by architect Francois

Correjolles, and constructed by James Lambert. Built on land originally owned by the Ursuline

Nuns, the property is 4 lots, measuring 125 ft along Chartres, and 150 ft along Ursulines. After

an initial design fell through, Le Carpentier obtained a new contract with Correjolles. His

original design had a raised cottage, with the bedrooms on the right side of the house, dining

room on the left, and no central doorway. The back gallery was between the kitchenette and the

garconniere, and had stairs to the courtyard. His elevation plan had only one stairway on the

front gallery, on the right, with a wooden railing, and three basement doors.

First Front Elevation Plan

Materials for construction were to be provided, at his own cost, by Le Carpentier. The

wood would be provided by Lambert. There has been no contract found regarding the brickwork

and plastering, but it is assumed to have been done by Ogier and Williams. Between the time of

the initial drawings by Correjolles and the building contract, several changed were made. One

32

was the centering of the front gallery, and the two stairs on either side. A front door on the center

hallway was added, and the two sides of the house were switched, dining room/ballroom on

right, bedrooms on the left. The last change would be done after the foundation was built, for the

support for the house was done on the left side to support the weight of frequent movement of

people and furniture, so the right side of the house was weak, leading to its collapse in early

2015. There was a doorway built under the fireplace of the ballroom, and no support underneath.

Now there are steel beams to support it.

The outbuildings were separate from the house. The building on the back edge of the

property that runs parallel to Chartres was originally the kitchen, with slave quarters upstairs. As

seen in the plan, the center of the back was a kitchen, and above and to the sides were rooms.

The outhouse was off in the right corner of the property. The carriageway was added later, and

had connected to Ursuline Street. At one point the owners sold it and it was Brocato’s then

Croissant d’Or. The building on the right that is now the Beauregard library and Mrs. Keyes’

bedroom was added later and was storage space. Originally, it was a flat roof with stairs going

from the slave quarters to the roof, and then the roof to the back gallery. When Mrs. Keyes

moved in, the flagstones that were in the kitchen and storage were moved into the courtyard.

The side portion of the lot on the corner of Chartres and Ursuline was developed into a

garden by the Merle family. Although buildings were built on top of the garden, Mrs. Keyes

restored it when she obtained the property. In the 1850s or 60s, the Andry family enclosed the

back gallery for a dining room, and later in the 1870s or 80s, the current back gallery was added

during the Lanata tenure. In the 40s, Mrs. Keyes added a kitchen to the corner of the main house,

and converted the attic into rooms for her butler. The attic was always used for storage and living

space, and the basement was at various times room for storage, a wine cellar, and living space.

Architecture Style: The Beauregard Keyes House is a combination of Federal, Greek

revival, and Creole Cottage. Federal architecture was prominent in the United States from the

1780s until the 1830s. It corresponds with the Federalist Period in American history, when the

Federalist Party was prominent, and their idolization of the values and aesthetics of ancient

Greece and Rome was worked into the architecture. Typical features of Federal architecture

include symmetrical floorplans incorporating windows on the front façade, and raised

foundations. Decoratively, intricate plaster medallions and moldings, iron railings, as well as

wood painted to look like marble are also found in Federal architecture. Greek revival is very

similar to the Federal style, but with more ornate decorations. Ionic columns and large friezes

feature in Greek revival, the pocket doors being an example of this. The rest of the style is in line

with Federal and the emphasis on symmetry, and a strange ornate simplicity in design.

Creole Cottages were built from the late 1700s to the mid-1800s. There are many

variations on the style with different decorative aspects, and in the 1830s, center halls were

added to the creole cottages. There are four rooms on each side, with two cabinets (cab ee nay) at

the back on either side of a gallery. If there was an attic, stairs were placed in one of the cabinets.

In the BKH this is in the cabinet off of the ballroom. Because of his American education and

33

French Creole background, the architect Francois Correjolles was innovative in his combination

of these two styles. The style would begin to show up more in New Orleans in the 1830s.

Wood: The wood in the house is a combination of cypress and pine. The structure itself is made

of cypress. Cypress was readily available due to the cypress swamps that used to encompass the

lakeside portion of the city. It is also water and bug resistant, making it a good material in the

humid climate. However, cypress has a high oil content, making it extremely flammable, which

led to the great fires of 1788 and 1794. While the floors are made of the house are made of

cypress, the porches are made of pine.

Decorative Elements: The fireplaces are made of marble, imported from Pennsylvania. The

cypress baseboards are painted to look like marble. The plasterwork is all original to the house.

Plaster in the 1820s is typically composed of lime or oyster shells, sand, water, and horsehair.

Horsehair acted as a bonding agent to keep the plaster from cracking. The ironwork is a

combination of cast and wrought iron. Cast iron is iron that has been melted and poured into a

mold to create the shape, which is why the ornate details are cast iron. Wrought iron is iron

heated up and worked with tools to create the shape, therefore the simpler pieces are wrought

iron.

Library Plaster Ironwork Details

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Floorplans Over Time

Floorplan for the house that was later annulled (1825)

Floorplan that was used with some changes such as the sides of the houses being switched (1826)

35

Lot division between Francois Correjolles and John Merle (1833)

Floorplan showing the enclosed back gallery, the parterre garden, a small grove in the back courtyard, as

well as the slave quarters, outhouse, and carriageway opening onto Ursulines (c. 1867)

36

Basement (1934)

Principle floor plan (1934)

37

Museum Information

Hours: Monday-Saturday, 10 am – 3 pm

Tours are on the hour every hour – typically 35 minutes to an hour depending on the tour guide and group

Cost:

$10 a person

$9 for seniors and students

$4 for children

Free for military

Photographs are allowed - no flash

Can sit in the FRONT ROOM ONLY, otherwise no touching

No open food or drink

Close night latch in between tours

There are public bathrooms in the Louisiana Bedroom, the Butler’s Pantry, and in the corner of Mrs.

Keyes’ study

We do host weddings and other events, and if asked, direct guests to contact the director through the BK

house email: bkeyeshouse.gmail.com

Frequently Asked Questions

When was the house built?

- Construction began in August 1826, and was probably completed by February, 1827.

What color was the house originally?

- According to a survey done of the property in 1934, the colors of the house originally

was a deep pink or red. It was then ochre, and later a gray color before the current yellow.

Why is it so high up?

- The raised basement was common with French creole architecture, not so much the

Spanish you see in the FQ. It raised the house up to catch the wind from the river, which

was very important in pre-AC days.

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How much did renovations cost?

- Renovations were around $300,000 in the 1940s, and would cost around 4.5 million

today.

What did the nuns use the property for?

- The nuns used the land for recreation and gardens.

Where did Beauregard live/for how long?

- Beauregard lived here with his family for around 18 months from 1866 to 1868. For

location see common misconceptions.

What did Mrs. Keyes’ husband do?

- Henry Wilder Keyes was a one term governor, three term senator from New Hampshire.

Why did Beauregard join the Army of Tennessee instead of Louisiana?

- Beauregard initially wanted to join the Louisiana Army, but the head general position

was given to General Braxton Bragg. Beauregard was deeply offended, and instead

joined the Army of Tennessee.

Are there any ghosts?

- Not officially. Each docent may have their own experience they can share, but there has

been no official ghost reporting, although at least five people, a cat, and one dog have

died on the property that we know of: FPK, 3 Mafia, the butler’s wife, Caroline the cat,

and Lucky the dog.

Why cypress?

- Cypress was a readily available wood. The lakeside portion of the city was cypress

swamps, making it an easily accessible building material. It is also water resistant and,

depending on who you talk to, bug resistant. It burns very quickly, but the accessibility

and water resistance are more important for long term use in this city.

What is diphtheria?

- Diphtheria is a bacterial infection that can now be prevented by a vaccine. It caused the

throat to swell, making it difficult to breathe or swallow. It was first recorded by

Hippocrates in the fifth century BCE, and is most common among children.

39

Common Misconceptions

“This and that is original to the house”

- None of the furniture is original to the house. Architecturally, the floors are original

cypress, and the moldings are original, as are the fireplaces in the main house and the

wall colors. The doors and transoms are also original. The carpet, wallpaper, and

baseboards are reproductions and recreations of what would have been there in the 1820s.

The night latch is also not original, but was added in the early 1900s.

“The Daughters of the American Revolution / Daughters of the Confederacy saved the house”

- While ladies of these organizations may have come together to save the property in the

20s, there is no definitive proof it was either group specifically. The only known figure

was General Allison Owen, who purchased the house for the Beauregard Inc.

“Le Carpentier was a slave trader”

- JLC was an auctioneer, and slaves were often included in these auctions as part of an

estate, but he was not exclusively a slave auctioneer.

“All the furniture in the Beauregard Bedroom are Beauregard family pieces except …”

- The bed, armoire, pray dieu, red velvet chair, sofa, night stand, picture of Laure on desk,

field trunks and kit, and the pictures of PGT and Laure are all Beauregard family pieces.

- An alternative statement is “A majority of the furniture are Beauregard family pieces” or

something to that effect

“The (so and so) enclosed the back gallery for a dining room” “(So and so) added the new back

gallery”

- It is most likely that Andry family enclosed the back gallery for a dining room.

Unfortunately, we don’t have any floorplans from the Merle to the Andry families, but a

plan dated October 7th, 1865 has the back gallery enclosed. I believe it was the Andry’s

due to their 24 year residence in the house. The new back gallery was probably added by

the Lanata family, for the family owned the property from 1865 until 1904, and had

plenty of funds to add the gallery.

“Beauregard lived in the back apartment in what was the slave quarters”

- Beauregard rented the entire property, and he and his sons are listed as living on the

property. In an interview given by his son Rene in 1908, he remembers living on the

property with his father and siblings, as well as two of his aunts and their children. One

of the aunts was Beauregard’s sister, and the other was his sister-in-law. While he could

40

have stayed in the house, while everybody was living there it seems likely that he and his

sons would have stayed in the back. There is no definitive proof of any of this, but it

seems within character for him to have given up the space for his sisters and their

children.

- The reason he stayed in the back portion was not because he was destitute, poor, or trying

to get back on his feet. Although he was recuperating from the Civil War, he was already

working for the railroad, and would be appointed president the year he would leave the

Beauregard Keyes House. However, I do not know the financial situation of Beauregard,

but I assume that since he could finance renting the entire property and feed and support

numerous family members, he must have been doing somewhat okay.

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Object Information

Front Room

Object Origin Date Material Accession Number

Fun Facts Photo

Chandelier French 1870 - 1880

1972.1.59 A Matches one in Music Room

Easel French 1850 Walnut 1972.1.107 Victorian style

FPK memorabilia

French Corner Cabinet

French 1850 Oak 1972.1.5.2

French Library Table

French 1860 Walnut 1972.1.366

ANTIQUE Magazine in 1962 per Keyes' conference table from Banque Populaire de la Louisiana

42

Vases (2) French 1883 Porcelain 1977.1.1 A,B Pair of Sevres

Book Cases - Ornate (2)

French 1865 - 1870

Walnut

Given to Mrs. Keyes by Herman Deutsch, historian and local editor. Pet otters chewed off the corners – Contains fans, books, apothecary jars, and veilleuses.

Book Case American 1870 - 1880

Walnut 1972.1.105 Contains the foreign editions of FPK’s books

Book Cases (2)

1972.111 A,B

43

Large Bowl

George Washington Signature and Sample

1972.1.443

Considered valuable for it has both his signature and a sample of his writing

Robert E Lee Signature

1972.1.442

Robert E. Lee was one of Mrs. Keyes’ favorite historical figures. She worked for the restoration of his home in Arlington.

James Audubon Signature

1972.1.444

Audubon was a frequent New Orleans visitor and resident between 1821 and 1837. Zoo is named after him.

Samuel Wilson Jr. Portrait

American

Oil on canvas

"Wilson was born in New Orleans in 1911. He entered Tulane University’s School of Architecture in 1927 at the age of sixteen. Was an important architect in

44

regards to the preservation of the Keyes House.

PGT Family Tree

1972.1.719

PGT Portraits (4)

Framed on shelf - 1972.1.416

Post and Lintel

Louisiana $20

1863 Confederate $20

45

White Fan Spanish 1920 1972.1.418.76

Made by M. Eitee

Wedding Dress Doll (1 L-R)

French 1870 1972.1.714.162

Doll in wedding dress, one of the most valuable in the collection

Doll (2 L-R) German 1860 - 1890

1972.1.714.182

Doll (3 L-R) 1972.1.714.60

Vodoo Doll (4 L-R)

Louisiana 1972.1.714.139

Holds a gris-gris in her hand

Nun Doll (5 L-R)

1972.1.714.62

Nun of the Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart - Cabrini

46

Carol Doll (6 L-R)

1891 or earlier

1972.1.714.167

Given to FPK when she was 5, traveled with her everywhere and had her own trunk. Possibly Jumeau

Doll (7 L-R)

Louisiana 1890s 1972.1.714.134

Doll Violet (8 L-R)

French 1895 or earlier

1972.1.714.166

Jumeau doll, bought for FPK by her mother on her first trip to Paris at age 9

Doll (9 L-R) 1880s 1972.1.714.121

China doll with a German(?) head and an American body

Doll (10 L-R)

1972.1.714.183

Victorian style day dress

47

Doll (11 L-R)

German 1972.1.714.161

Apothecary Jars (7)

1972.1.119.1 /.2 / .3 / .4

Mardi Gras Parade Bulletin (1)

American 1892 Photolithograph

1975.1.4

The Daily Picayune: Krewe of Proteus Edition, 1894, "Shah Nameh, the Epic of the Kings”

Mardi Gras Parade Bulletin (2)

American 1894 Photolithograph

1975.1.3

Mystik Krewe of Comus Edition, 1892, “Nippon, The Land of the Rising Sun”

Beauregard-Keyes House in 1866

American 1961 Watercolor on Paper

1972.1.4

Boyd Cruise painting - First commissioner of the Vieux Carre and head of the HNOC. Worth $30k

Bust of PGT

American Copper Alloy

48

Hallway


Fun Facts Photo

Night Latch

New Orleans

1900s

Iron

Not original to house – added around the time the Giacona family were here

Tall Case Clock

Dutch 1799 - 1830

1972.1.97

Gift from FPK's mother in law. Bought in Amstedam in 1883. Done by Klaas Johan Driese Grouw

Red Sofa French 1850 - 1860

Oak Said to have come from "Uncle Sam's Plantation"

Tilting Tea Kettle

1870 - 1880

Pewter and Silver

1990.3.1 Engraved with flowers, birds, and the name "Fannie"

Pedestal (with tilting tea kettle)

1800s Mahogany 1990.2.3 "Louisiana Landmarks Society"

Table (under Venice painting)

1972.1.79

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Venice Grand Canal

American 1878 Oil on canvas

Personal collection of FPK

Sheep Herder and Flock

19th Century

Oil on canvas

Mountain Scene

American 19th Century

Pastel on board

Small Table (under Sheep Herder) (Marble Top)

Marble and Wood

1987.2.3

Purchased from Catholic Society of Religion and Literary Education

Curio (Vitrine)

French 1880 - 1890

Mahogany 1972.1.51

Louis XVI Neo-Classic Revival Contains:

(7) Hat Pins Jewels

Embroidered Handkerchiefs

Eyeglasses

(3) Small veilleuses

Prussian Glass

50

Music Room / Front Parlor


Fun Facts Photo

Chandelier

French

1850 1972.1.59 B

Mantel Mirror

1840 - 1850

Beauregard Heirloom

Candelsticks and Candelabra (3)

French 1700 Bronze-Marble

1972.1.47 AB / 1972.1.47.2

Framed Music (2)

Spanish 1830 Goat Skin 1972.1.424

Gregorian Chant

Marble Top Table

1890 Mahogany 1972.1.60

Sofa American 1850 Mahogany

51

Chairs (2) French 1861 - 1869

Walnut Sleepy Hollow Style

Sheet Music

New Orleans

1860

OUR

TRIUMPH AT

MANASSAS,

FANTAISIE

MAZURKA…

DEDICATED

TO

CONFEDERAT

E GUARDS. -

A LA

MEMOIRE DE

MADAM G.T.

BEAUREGARD

- G.T.

Beauregard’s

Triumphal

March.

BEAUREGARD

’S GRAND

POLKA

MILITIAIRE.

Piano American - Boston

1860 - 1870

Rosewood 1972.1.52 Ivory keys

Piano Stool 1820 1972.1.53 See above

Butler's Secretary

Louisiana 1830 Mahogany 1972.1.106

Contains: 1. (5)

Plates 2. Pitcher

(from 1850)

52

Sewing Table

1810 Mahogany 1987.2.1

Now has small calling card plate with PGT

Tea Box English Mahogany and Hollywood

1981.2.2

Ornate Table with bust

American 1800s Mahogany

Portrait of Francois Correjolles

American 1860 or later

Oil on canvas

Charles Octavius Cole is the painter. Info on Correjolles, see page

Bust of PGT

American

Done by Perelli, a famed Italian artist who immigrated to New Orleans. He has done busts for numerous figures including Lee, Dante, Jackson, and Gottschalk which is at HNOC

Corner Table

Louisiana 1850s Mahogany

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Embroidered Chairs (2)

French 1850 Walnut Beauregard family piece

Fan with Country Scene

1972.1.418.87

A gift from PGT to his first wife, Laure

Fan with Birds

1972.1.418.59

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Ballroom


Fun Facts Photo

Chandelier American 1870

From the church where FPK got married in Newbury, VT.

Small Silver Bowl

Silver

Small round lamp

1972.1.178

Marble top table

American 1870 Walnut 1972.1.115 Renaissance Revival

See above

Mirror

Glass Case with fans

Table Under Laure II

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Red Chairs (8)

Fans

Object Origin Date Accession Number

Fun Facts Photo

White Fan with Henry IV (1)

Possibly French

1972.1.418.58

Shows Henry IV conquering, bought in a pawn shop in Montevideo, most valuable in the collection

Fan with idyllic scene (2)

Possibly Spanish

1822 1972.1.418.79

Given as a gift from a Spanish suitor to an Ecuadorian woman. Supposedly commented upon by Bolívar at a ball. See Mrs. Keyes' article in Good Housekeeping

Small ornate fan (3)

1890 1972.1.418.50 Very small, ribbon painted on

Fan with lute player and picnic (4)

Possibly Mexican

1800s 1972.1.418.76

Belonged to Empress Carlota of Mexico - Her husband Maximilian

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conspired with Napoleon III to overtake Mexico. Lasted two years before captured. This war was where Cinco de Mayo happened.

Fan belonging to Eugenie

Possibly French

1890 1972.1.418.85

Belonged to Empress Eugenie, her husband was Napoleon III of France.

Fan belonging to PGT

1972.1.418.86 Gift from PGT's granddaughter

Paintings For more information on Beauregard see pg 27

Painting Location Date Origin / Artist

Fun Fact Photo

Portrait of PGT (1818 -1893)

Above Mantle

1880s New Orleans, Artist Unknown

During his time as commissioner of the Louisiana Lottery

Marie Antoinette Laure Villere Beauregard (Laure 1) (1823 – 1850)

Left of PGT

Probably before 1850

New Orleans,

First wife of PGT and the sister of his best friend. They had three children together, she died giving birth to their daughter Laure.

57

Laure Beauregard Larendon (Laure 2) (1850 – 1884)

Across from Laure 1, Right of Harbor Scene

1880s New Orleans,

Married Charles Larendon, had two daughters. A favorite of her father, she was nicknamed “Doucette”. She is wearing a cameo bracelet and one made of PGTs buttons She died giving birth to her daughter Laure in 1884.

Lilian Beauregard Larendon (1881 – 1888)

Left of Harbor Scene

1888 New Orleans

Died at age 7 of diphtheria. She is wearing the same PGT button bracelet.

Laure Beauregard Larendon (Laure 3) (1884 – 1971)

Right of PGT

1904 New Orleans

Second daughter of Laure 2, this Laure never married or had children. She, like her mother and sister, was a favorite of PGT, and people would often see him walking about with her and her sister. A contemporary of Mrs. Keyes, she donated a

58

lot of furniture to the house, as well as the paintings that were left to her in PGT’s will.

Harbor Scene at Night

Across from PGT

1877 Painted with bitumen or gunpowder, which has been gradually darkening over time

59

Beauregard Bedroom


Fun Facts Photo

Fall Front Desk

Holland 1700 Walnut

Once belonged to Christopher Somes, Churchill's son in law Misc. Items:

- Velvet Box (72.1.734)

- Tobacco Jar (72.1.748)

- Eyeglasses

- (3) Small photos

Small Jewelry Box (on desk)

Tortoise Shell

1972.1.62

Large Jewelry Box (on desk)

Tortoise Shell

Whale Oil Lamp (2) (on desk)

Spanish 17th Cen.

Brass 1972.1.69 AB

Given to FPK by nuns of Avila, Spain.

Small photo of Laure Larendon (on desk)

American 1800s 1972.1.452

Laure Beauregard Larendon as a young girl (Laure 2)

60

Red Velvet Chair

1850 - 1870

Sleepy Hollow Style. Beauregard family piece.

Shaving Stand

1870 Walnut 1972.1.154

Keyes family piece. Renaissance Revival Misc Items:

- Blue Box (French, 1850, 1981.2.1)

- Cup (1972.1.740A)

- Mustache Cup

Mirror said to be broken while filming Mandingo

Clock American

Cups (4) White China

1972.1.740 B-E

See above

Spittoon

PGT would supposedly use a spittoon while at the dinner table

1/2 Tester Bed

New Orleans

1865 - 1868

Rosewood 1972.1.121

Beauregard family piece

61

Dresser Walnut 1972.1.130

Renaissance Revival - Gift to FPK from her grand daughter Misc objects:

Green Glassware (French) (79.1.8 etc.)

Pitcher and Bowl (Austrian 1870) (89.1.1 AB)

Wardrobe New Orleans

1850 - 1860

Rosewood 1972.1.131

Beauregard family piece - Modified Louis XVI revival style

Veilleuse Porcelain 1972.1.258.3

Nightstand New Orleans

1860 Mahogany

Prie Dieu American 1850 Rosewood 1972.1.122

Laure B. Larendon did the needlework Has Rosary and Bible supposedly belonging to PGT

62

Cross Olive Wood

1979.2.2

Found in between walls of French Quarter home - Stamped with Jerusalem on back

Ladies Sofa

1850s

Beauregard family piece - matches chairs in music room

Laure Villere

American 1880s or earlier

Painted photograph

PGT American 1880s Lithograph

Madonna and Child

Spanish 19th Century

Oil on canvas

Copy of the original by Bartelome Estaban Murillo

Studies of buttonwood trees at Albano near Rome, from nature

American 1852 Oil on canvas

1972.1.716

Tree with Travelers on a Road

American 1849 Oil on board

63

PGT Photo of portrait at Louisiana State Museum

Caroline See Glossary

Christ traveling

64

Louisiana Bedroom

Objects Origin Date Material Accession Number

Fun Facts Photo

Day Bed New Orleans

1850 Mahogany 1972.1.99

Beauregard family piece - possibly one he had with him in the field

Four Poster Bed with Tester

New Orleans

1830 Mahogany 1972.1.152A-E

Wood came from central America – custom made for PGT

Armoire New Orleans

1812 Cherry and Cypress

1972.1.134

Circa 1812 - around the time Louisiana became the 18th state, hence the 18 stars - also when the country was at war because the eagle was facing away from the olive branch

Sewing Table

American 1865 - 1870

Walnut FPK used this as a writing desk

Doll in Case 1972.1.714.177

Case: 1972.1.257

65

Doll on Bed German 1870 - 1880

1972.1.714.160

Doll (L)

Doll (R)

Shirt (2)

Wardrobe

Chair American 1840 - 1860

Mother of Pearl

1981.1.1

66

Dressing Table

Continental – Dutch or French

1850 1972.1.148

Supposedly Caroline Beauregard's

- Austrian Porcelain from 1896, 1989.4.1 A-F

Contemplatin - Delia Maria

Italian 19th Cen.

Oil on canvas

Likeness of Delia Maria, the grandmother of FPK – She was visiting Italy and loved the painting so much that she got the artist to do another one with her head on it

Bust Portrait of a Gentleman

American 19th Cen.

Oil on canvas

Said to be an ancestor of FPK

Portrait of Woman

American

Said to be the grandmother of Senator Henry Keyes - possibly a copy of an earlier painting

Painting of a woman

67

Bonnet Cabinet

1830 Walnut

Gift from FPK Mother in law – Contains a doll, a book, and a Carafe Set (Christening Set), French, 1850-60, White Opaline, 1972.1.149.4 – believed to be John Slidell’s

68

Dining Room

Objects Origin Date Accession Number Fun Facts Photo

Chandelier French 1870

Given to FPK by grandson of Martha Robinson - all came from Uncle Sam Plantation

Table French 1860

Given to FPK by grandson of Martha Robinson - all came from Uncle Sam Plantation - Symbolize the hunt

Chairs (6) French 1860


China Cabinet

French 1860


Console Tables (2)

Peruvian 1920

Spanish colonial style - not period but some of FPK's favorite pieces

Silhouettes (4)

1975.1.2.1/.2/.3/.4

Back Left Corner - Henry Clay / Back Right Corner - Dixon Lewis / Front

69

Right Corner - Daniel Webster / Front Left Corner - Forsythe

FPK Cookbook

A mix of New England and Southern Recipes

Dessert Service - (3) Stands (10) Plates

English 1860 1981.1.1.1 A-G Came from Penrhyn Castle in Wales

Plate Stand

1972.1.94 Plates: 1972.1.689 / 1981.3.6.1 / ?

70

Beauregard Memorial Library

Objects Origin Date Material Accession Number

Fun Facts Photo

Dollhouse Early 1900s

A gift to Mrs. Keyes on her wedding in 1904

Corner Cabinet

French 1850 Oak 1972.1.5.1

Matches one in front parlor – Very broken DON’T touch

Bust of PGT After Civil

War Plaster 1972.1.23 Gift from

Laure Larendon – done after the civil war because he is in civilian clothes and has age lines

Bookcase 1972.1.2 A-L

Believed to be Spanish from Uncle Sam’s Plantation

Bookcase 1972.1.6

71

Bookcase 1972.1.98 A-I

Bookcase

Bookcase 1972.1.241 Thought to be

Peruvian – actually Mexican

Bookcase 1972.1.A

Bookcase 1972.1.240

Bookcase 1972.1.B

Table 1970.1.10

72

Table 1972.?1.11

Table 1972.1.100

Chair From Uncle

Sam’s Plantation

Screen Uncle Sam’s

Plantation

Family Tree of Christ

Family tree of the Virgin Mary beginning with Adam and Eve continuing to Mary and then to baby Jesus. It was a gift from the Spanish royal family, we have a certificate signed by them authenticating it.

73

Architectural Plans

See Architecture for more info

Photographs

Photograph Accession Number

Location Fun Facts Photo

PGT Corner Cabinet – Bottom

Photo of Beauregard in later life. The inscription on the back is a note “To Henry T. Beauregard with the kind wishes of his father – G.T. Beauregard – New Orleans, 1883”

Generalissimo Rafael Leonidas Trujillo – President of Dominican Republic

1972.1.832 Corner Cabinet – Top

Nicknamed “El Jefe”, Trujillo ruled the Dominican Republic from 1930 until his assassination in 1961. Although he only officially served as president from 1930-38 and 1942-52, the interim periods he controlled the government through various figureheads. This period of time is considered one of the bloodiest in Latin American history with the known deaths of over 50,000 people. Although his regime was considered one of the most stable in DR history, the downside was no civil liberties and constant human rights violations. He was a friend of Mrs. Keyes.

Infanta Isabel

1972.1.620 Right Frame – Top Left

A popular member of the Spanish royal family, the Infanta Isabel was the aunt of Alphonso XIII. She was heiress presumptive due to her younger brother’s poor health, and was married young, and then widowed at 20.

74

Benito Mussolini

1972.1.635 Right Frame – Top Center

Italian Dictator from 1922 until 1943. In the early 1920s, Mrs. Keyes interviewed him on behalf of Good Housekeeping, and would be the only one to interview his wife Rachele until the 70s. This is discussed in Mrs. Keyes’ autobiography, All Flags Flying

Victoria Eugenie

1972.1.627 Right Frame – Top Right

Victoria Eugenie was the granddaughter of Queen Victoria, and she was the wife of Alonso XIII of Spain. Mrs. Keyes interviewed her in the 1920s, noting that she was very regal and elegant.

Kaiser Wilhelm II

1972.1.630 Right Frame – Center Left

The final German Emperor, Wilhelm II was the eldest grandson of Queen Victoria, and ruled from 1888-1918. After WWI, he abdicated his throne and lived in exile. One of his arms is shorter than the other due to a traumatic birth, and so in photographs he is often posing to hide the disability. He is the cousin of Victoria Eugenie. He was a big fan of Mrs. Keyes’ novels, and she visited their home in the 1930s.

Hermine Ruess of Greiz, wife of Kaiser Wilhelm

1972.1.629 Right Frame – Center Right

The second wife of Kaiser Wilhelm II, they met when he invited her son over to visit. Both had recently been widowed, and married soon after despite objections from his children and monarchists.

General Oscar Carmona

1972.1.624 Right Frame – Bottom Left

General Carmona was the President of Portugal from 1926 until 1951. He was active in the May 28th Revolution to overthrow the old regime, and then participated in the coup to make him president. He instituted a constitution giving him dictatorial powers,

75

although his prime minister, Salazar, held most of the power.

Madame Jeanne Alexandre Millerand

1972.1.619 Right Frame – Bottom Center

Wife of Alexandre Millerand, the President of France from 1920 – 1924. She was well known for her support of tradition, and she forbid her children from listening to modern music, or participating in the trends of the 20s.

Alphonse XIII 1972.1.628 Right Frame

– Bottom Right

King of Spain, and husband of Victoria Eugenie. He ruled Spain from 1886 until 1931. Due to lack of popular support, he and his family fled Spain in 1931. He retained his title until 1941, when he abdicated in favor of his son. Mrs. Keyes’ interviewed him and his family in the early 20s for Good Housekeeping.

Cardinal Emmanuel Celestin Suhard

1972.1.616 Center Frame – Top Left

A French cardinal of the Catholic Church, he was the Archbishop of Paris from 1940 until his death in 1949.

Pope Pius XII 1972.1.615 Center

Frame – Top Center

Pope Pius was pope from 1939 until his death in 1958. During WWII he staunchly opposed the Nazi movement and contributed to resistance causes throughout Europe.

Dr. Isidro Ayora

1972.1.631 Center Frame – Top Right

Isidro Ayora was the president (dictator) of Ecuador from 1926 until 1931. After turmoil following the July Revolution, he was appointed president. With a strong military backing, he faced little opposition. After the great depression, economic unrest, and rising influence of the socialist party, he stepped down (due to a coup) in 1931.

76

Augusto B. Leguía

1972.1.640 Center Frame – Center Left

He was twice president of Peru from 1908-1912 and then 1919-1930. In 1919 he overthrew the constitution and instated his own which while liberal and progressive, he ignored in favor of a dictatorial style of rule characterized by censorship of the press, exile of opponents, amongst other acts. Although he modernized Peru, the great depression created financial problems he could not easily deal with, and he was overthrown in a coup in 1930.

Lon Chaney 1972.1.637 Center Frame – Center

Known as “The Man of a Thousand Faces”, Lon Chaney was a famous silent film actor, most well-known for his horror films such as Phantom of the Opera and Hunchback of Notre Dame. He often did his own makeup for the films. His son, Lon Chaney Jr., would go on to star in many horror films.

Mary Pickford

1972.1.640 Center Frame – Center Right

Called “America’s Sweetheart”, Mary Pickford was a famous silent film actress, staring in 52 features throughout her career. With the decline of silent films, she retired from acting and lived at Pickfair, her estate. Mrs. Keyes’ was a close friend and one of the few people allowed to visit her there. The estate, during her marriage to Douglas Fairbanks, hosted many notable people such as Albert Einstein, Amelia Earhart, F. Scott Fitzgerald among many others.

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Duke and Duchess of Windsor

1972.1.639 Center Frame – Bottom Center

The Duke and Duchess of Windsor were friends of Mrs. Keyes’ and visited her during their trip to New Orleans in 1950. The duke was formerly Edward VIII, who abdicated the throne after a year to marry Wallis Simpson, an American divorcee. They settled in France after their marriage, and he was briefly governor in the Caribbean during WWII. They were also probably Nazi sympathizers.

Grace Coolidge

1972.1.632 Center Frame – Bottom Right

Wife of president Calvin Coolidge, Grace was a personal friend of Mrs. Keyes. She gifted Mrs. Keyes the wooden elephant seen in the library.

Emilio Aguinaldo and daughter

1972.1.623 Left Frame – Top Left

The first president of the Philippines, he fought against the Spanish and the Americans for the Philippine’s independence. He lost the title in 1901 when it became a territory of the United States. Eventually the Philippines gained independence in 1934, and he ran unsuccessfully for president. He lost to Manuel Quezon.

First Lady Aurora Quezon

1972.1.617 Left Frame – Top Center

Aurora Quezon was the wife of president Manuel Quezon of the Philippines. She was extremely popular with the people, supporting humanitarian efforts and women’s suffrage. During WWII, she and her family fled to the U.S. After her husband’s death, she returned to the Philippines where she was assassinated in 1949 by

78

insurgents on her way to open a hospital.

General Juan Vincente Gomez

1972.1.626 Left Frame – Top Right

President and de facto ruler of Venezuela from 1908 until his death in 1935. Although there were a few years where he was not officially president, he still governed from his home in Maracay. Although he instituted many social reforms, he is criticized for the personal wealth he gained from the modernization and introduction of oil, as well as the lack of educational reforms and democratization.

Dr. CC Wu 1972.1.625 Left Frame – Center Left

Chinese minister to the United States – had lunch with Mrs. Keyes which she discusses in her novel, All Flags Flying.

President Quezon

1972.1.618 Left Frame - Center

Manuel was the first president of the Commonwealth, and the second president of the Philippines. He served from 1935 until 1944. He worked to help the rural poor, built up the military, and established the national language. During WWII he went into exile with the impending Japanese invasion, and died of tuberculosis in New York.

Captain Arnold Hudson

1972.1.622 Left Frame – Center Right

Colonial governor of the Falklands.

79

General Chang Tso Lin

1972.1.633 Left Frame – Bottom Left

Known to the American Press as General Chang Tso Lin, Zhang Zuolin was a Chinese Warlord who invaded China Proper in 1924, and seized power in 1926. His rule was brief and his regime collapsed in 1928, and he was killed by a bomb in June 1928.

General Sun Yat-sen

1972.1.634 Left Frame – Bottom Center

A Chinese revolutionary, Sun Yat-sen was the founder and first president of the Republic of China. Instrumental in overthrowing the Qing Dynasty in 1911/12, he was the first president and then de-facto ruler until his death in 1925. Although much of his early political work was done in exile, he had goals to revive and modernize China which he eventually put into motion after the revolution.

Duan Qirui (Tuan Chi-jui)

1972.1.621 Left Frame – Bottom Right

Chinese War Lord – Duan Qirui was a Chinese politician ad general, and arguably one of the most powerful men in China in the 1920s. After the death of the President Yuan Shikai in 1916, he pressured another politician to become president, while he served as Premier and essentially held complete power in China, essentially a dictator. Though he tried to play both sides as there was continuing political unrest in China, he was eventually ousted and died in exile in Shanghai.

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Mrs. Keyes’ Bedroom

Objects Material Accession Number

Fun Facts Photo

Bed Wood 1972.1.166.4 Victorian lines

Crutches 1972.1.212

AB In her later years, Mrs. Keyes needed crutches due to a misdiagnosed and mistreated back injury she sustained as a youth.

Cabinet Wood 1972.1.8 Two chests on top one another – originally a bread safe

Small Dresser Wood and

Marble 1972.1.160 Contains: Picture

of her dog Lucky, who died a week later – Crucifix – Lamp – Small porcelain objects – Box: 1972.1.789

Large Dresser Wood and Marble

1972.1.166.2 Contains: Cushions and hat pins – small religious figures – small box

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Small Cabinet Wood and Marble

1972.1.166.1 On top is a veilleuse and the light would have shown through the heart of Christ.

Trunk Wood 1972.1.153 Intricately carved

Nighstand Wood and

Marble 1972.1.166.3 Contains: Bible –

Rosary – Lamp – Prayer Book – Religious objects

Mirror Wood 1972.1.159

French Legion of Honor / Came a Cavalier / Photograph

Mrs. Keyes was awarded the French Legion of Honor for her novel, Came a Cavalier. It is one of the highest awards a person can get from the government, and it is something few Americans receive. The honor was created by Napoleon, and there five levels of this award.

Photographs of her children + grandchildren

Top L > R Henry, John, Peter Bottom L > R Sons of Peter

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Figurines on windowsill

.25-.28: Terracotta

L > R 1972.1.27, 1972.1.28.A, 1972.1.36, 1972.1.28.B, 1972.1.25, 1972.1.26

Small Sunroom

Object Material Accession Fun Facts Photo

Rocking Chair

Has on it the book “The Heritage”, and some eye glasses

Table

Serving Set Silver,

Porcelain Contains:

Two cups and saucers, teapot and creamer, silver tray

See above

Table + Fan Table: 1972.1.291

Porcelain

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Mrs. Keyes’ Study

Objects Origin Accession Number

Fun Facts Photo

Case of Dolls Contains the “Royal Dolls” – this includes Mary Queen of Scots, Catherine Medici, Queen Elizabeth II, among others

Table with books Peru 1972.1.244 On top are the books by

Mrs. Keyes on Louisiana – See “Novels” for more info

Table with Dinner at Antoine’s

See “Novels” for more info

Small chest of drawers

1972.1.191 On top is a picture of Mrs. Keyes at a party celebrating one of her books

(2) Chairs

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Small Table 1972.1.202 On top is a small set of china, and the novel Joy Street – for more info see “Novels”

(2) Desks First Desk:

Second Desk: 1972.1.214

On top: lamp (matches one in bedroom), telephone, handwritten Chess Players, photograph of Mrs. Keyes scolding a teacher, photograph of Mrs. Keyes and a her dog, and other misc objects

(2) Lecturns Big One:

1972.1.314?

(2) Chairs First Chair:

1972.1.??4 Second Chair: 1972.1.213

Typewriter and Stand

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Mrs. Keyes’ Novels Taken from a list compiled by Olivia Wassmer

Book Date Published

Fun Facts

The Old Grey Homestead

1919 Later called Sylvia Cary - Takes place in New England, and was FPK’s first novel

The Career of David Noble

1921 Set in a village similar to the two in which FPK spent her early life

Letters From a Senator’s Wife

1924 Letters written by FPK

Queen Anne’s Lace 1930 Story of a young woman going to Washington from a New England village, two chapters are based on FPK’s life

Silver Seas and Golden Cities

1931 Record of a journey in Spain, Portugal, and nine South American Republics, taken from FPK’s travels

Lady Blanche Farm 1931 Another novel set in New England, based on FPK’s youth

Senator Marlowe’s Daughter

1933 A romance of an American girl in the royal and diplomatic life in the capitals of Europe, New England, and Washington.

The Safe Bridge 1934 The story of a girl banished from Scotland, and struggling to untangle her love affairs in the Connecticut Valley in the early nineteenth century

The Happy Wanderer

1935 The collected verse of FPK

Honor Bright 1936 Story of American politicians in the 1890s

Written in Heaven 1937 Life of Therese of Lisieux – Reissued as Therese: Saint of Little Way

Capital Kaleidoscope

1937 Sum of FPK’s reminiscences on Washington society from 1919-1937

Parts Unknown 1938 About U.S. ambassadors abroad

The Great Tradition 1939 A sequel to Senator Marlowe’s Daughter – reveals the clash between American and European ways of life

Along a Little Way 1940 Story of FPK’s conversion to Catholicism

The Sublime Shepherdess

1940 Life of Bernadette Soubirous – Reissued as Bernadette of Lourdes

Fielding’s Folly 1940 A New England heiress’ struggle to keep the love of her southern husband

The Grace of Guadalupe

1941 Story of the apparitions of Our Lady of Guadalupe to Juan Diego

All That Glitters 1941 Lives of four women who search for happiness in Washington in the 20’s to the 40’s

Crescent Carnival 1942 Story of four generations of New Orleans women and their loves – also of Mardi Gras and New Orleans

Also the Hills 1943 Set in New England and Washington

The River Road 1945 Chronicles a Louisiana sugar plantation situated on River Road between New Orleans and Baton Rouge

Came a Cavalier 1947 A romance set in Normandy spanning the two world wars

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Once on Esplanade 1947 Takes place on Esplanade Avenue – a cycle between two Creole weddings

Dinner at Antoine’s 1948 A murder mystery that takes place at Antoine’s restaurant – most of the novel was written at the BK house

All This is Louisiana 1950 Illustrated story book of Louisiana

The Cost of a Best Seller

1950 Autobiography of the price paid by a famous writer

Joy Street 1950 Two sides of Beacon Hill in Boston

Steamboat Gothic 1952 Takes place at the San Francisco plantation on the River Road

The Royal Box 1954 Suspense story in London in 1951

The Frances Parkinson Keyes Cookbook

1955 Culinary memoir that tells of FPK’s life as a hostess and traveler

Saint Anne: Grandmother of Our Savior

1955 Life of St. Anne

Blue Camellia 1957 Set in the pioneer times of Crowley, Louisiana in the 1800s and the building of rice empires

The Land of Stones and Saints

1957 Stories of five saintly Spaniards in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries

Victorine 1958 Continuation of Blue Camellia – set in the 1920s

Station Wagon in Spain

1959 Light-hearted mystery story set in twentieth century Spain with a serious New Englander as the main character

Mother Cabrini: Missionary to the World

1959 Written after the canonization of other Cabrini, where FPK was present

Frances Parkinson Keyes’ Christmas Gift

1959 Vignettes written to her friends for Christmas

The Third Mystic of Avila

1960 The self-revelation of Maria Villa, a sixteenth century Spanish nun

Roses in December 1960 Autobiography of FPK from life up to her marriage

The Chess Players 1960 Life of Paul Morphy, chess prodigy and champion from New Orleans

The Rose and the Lily

1961 The lives and times of two South American saints, Rose of Lima and Mariana of Jesus

Restless Lady and Other Stories

1961 True to life short stories of Washington, Virginia, New England, and New Orleans

Madame Castel’s Lodger

1962 Story of PGT, opens at the BK house at the close of the Civil War

A Treasury of Favorite Poems

1963 Anthology of poems

Three Ways of Love 1963 Lives of three great Italian saints; Agnes of Rome, Frances of Rome, and Catherine of Siena

The Explorer 1964 Set in 1950s Washington and Virginia, with the exploration in Peru

Tongues of Fire 1966 Stories of Christian missionaries

I the King 1966 Story of Philip IV of Spain and the women in his life

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The Heritage 1968 Ireland in the 1880s – the last novel completed before her death

All Flags Flying 1972 Reminiscences of FPK from her marriage onward – was incomplete with her death in July, 1970 – her son Henry briefly concluded and published it

Photographs + Misc.

Photograph Date Accession Number

Fun Facts Photo

Captain Jonathan Hunt Smith

Civil War Era

1972.1.833 Capt. Smith and regiment – Mrs. Keyes’ great grandfather

1972.1.33?

Family Photos Photos of Delia

Marie (L), Delia Marie and her father(C), and Delia Marie again (R) The daguerreotypes are in the desk in the Beauregard Bedroom

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Mrs. Keyes and Mary Pickford at Pickfair

Mary Pickford, the silent film actress, was very particular about who would visit her at her home, especially in her later years, and Mrs. Keyes was one of those few people.

Warren G. Harding Photo of Warren Harding signing some documents relating to WWI – although very popular when he died, Harding’s reputation has been heavily scrutinized since. Mrs. Keyes, however, remained a loyal supporter of Harding and his reputation.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

The note says “To Mrs. Keyes from her friend – Franklin Roosevelt” - This is a unique autograph because FDR signed it himself, rather than a secretary

FDR

Pendleton Hogan Sketch of Pendleton,

good friend of Mrs. Keyes

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Mrs. Keyes and family

Pine Grove Farm, North Haverhill, New Hampshire

The family home of Harry Keyes, it is shaped like a large H – Mrs. Keyes planted the flower garden not long after her marriage.

Mrs. Keyes’ sons

Pendleton Hogan A good friend of Mrs.

Keyes who wrote the brief biography “Lunch with Mrs. Keyes” after he stayed in her house.

Mrs. Keyes and a granddaughter

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Henry Wilder Keyes Mrs. Keyes’ husband “Harry”, he was a Harvard educated athlete who was a one term governor and three term senator from New Hampshire.

Mrs. Keyes at the Court of St. James

While writing for Good Housekeeping, Mrs. Keyes was presented at the Court of St. James. Although she dislikes England in general due to the weather, she recalled the experience at court fondly.

James Monroe House - UVA

The building in which Mrs. Keyes was born while her father was a professor of classics at UVA

Mrs. Keyes granddaughter - Gretta

Daughter of Henry Keyes – Photo as queen of a krewe in Lafayette

Mrs. Keyes and grandchild

91

Church in Newbury, Vermont

The church where Mrs. Keyes got married, and where the chandelier in the ball room comes from

Henry Keyes Jr. and daughter

Mrs. Keyes and grandchildren

Grandchildren

Francis “Peter” Keyes

John Keyes

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Henry Wilder Keyes Jr.

Mrs. Keyes and a grandchild

Delia Marie and mother, grandmother, great grandmother, and great-great grandmother

Delia Marie is the small child seated on her mother’s lap

John Wheeler Mrs. Keyes’ father as

a young man while at school – age 15

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Debut Ball

Debut Ball

Granddaughter as Queen of Krewe in Lafayette

Christmas Card

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Treasure Room

Objects Material Accession Number

Fun Facts Photo

Staircase Iron 1972.1.246 The staircase was being taken out of a house scheduled for demolition, and Mrs. Keyes decided to save it and install it in the carriage house, although it serves no practical use.

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Garden Guide

Guide Compiled by Ann Masson, May 2015

ANNUALS AND PERENNIALS

Aspidistra, Cast-Iron Plant (Aspidistra elatior or A. lurida)

Japan, Lily family, NO, prob. by 1860

Black-eyed Susan, Gloriosa Daisy (Rudbeckia hirta)

Annual, Aster family, yellow flower with black center in summer, butterfly attractant, Native American

medicinal uses, Maryland state flower, US 1847

Gaura, Bee Blossom (Gaura lindheimeri)

North American native, Onagraceae family, O. enothera (1753), Gaura mutabilis or O. anomala (1795 or

97), pink and white flowers on tall stems, introduced into English gardens in 1851

Farfugium, Leopard Plant (Farfugium japonicum) also known as Ligularia (Ligularia tussilaginea)

Orient, Aster family, perennial, yellow flowers summer and fall, 1859 Boston, Farfugium Grande: "deep

green leaves spotted with yellow," 1861, Norwich: "that beautiful plant, the Farfugium Grande, the handsomest of

all hardy plants"

Maidenhair Fern (Adiantum cappilus veneris)

NO by 1850s

Salvia, Sage (Salvia splendens)

Blue spikes, summer and fall, attracts bees and butterflies, NO by 1842, 1826 description: "a magnificent

Mexican plant"

Stokes' Aster (Stokesia laevis)

LA native, Herbaceous perennial, May to July bloom, bluish-purple flowers

Verbena (Verbena hybrids)

Blooms purple spring to fall, NO 1848

Violets (Viola odorata)

Spring and fall flowering light purple, NO by early 18th, Garden of the Ursulines

VINES

Asian Jasmine (Trachelospermum asiaticum)

China, Dogbane family, evergreen, no bloom

Confederate Jasmine, Star Jasmine (Trachelospermum jasminoides)

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China, Japan, Dogbane family, evergreen, white flowering late spring, NO by 1850

Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)

East Asia, Japan, evergreen, flowers white turning to yellow, spring to fall, fragrant, NO by 1838

BULBS & RHIZOMES

Butterfly Ginger (Hedychium coronarium)

Asian tropics, Ginger family, very fragrant white with yellow blooms summer-fall, poss. in NO before

1860

Crinum

Amaryllis family, Old and New World, tropical or semi-tropical, summer flowers, fragrant

C. amabile purplish-pink flowers, NO by 1849

C. purpureum, large purple flowers, 1855 NO description

C. americanum, Swamp Lily, native, white flowers

Daylily (Hemerocallis)

Perennial, Lily family, more than 40,000 cultivars

Most hybrids descendants of:

Hamerocallis Fulva (Orange Daylily, Tawny Daylily, Tiger Daylily)

H. lilioasphodelus and H. fulva (Lemon Lily, Yellow)

Both introduced into American gardens from England 17th c,

Each bloom lasts one day, attracts hummingbirds, NO "yellow day lily" in 1838

Iris

Louisiana Iris (Iris Pseudacorus), tall, yellow spring blooms

Butterfly Lilies (Dietes iridioides), S. Africa, Iris family, summer blooms white with yellow and bluish spots, US

1866

Spider Lilies or Naked Ladies (Lycoris radiata)

China and Japan, Amaryllis family, melon-red and yellow autumn blooms before leaves appear, dormant in

winter, traditional NO gardens

St. Joseph Lily (Hippeastrum hybrids)

SA, Amaryllis family, reddish-orange and white spring bloom, NO 1799

Snowflakes (Leucojum vernum)

Amaryllis family, blooms early spring, NO by 1850

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TREES

Calamondia (X citrofortunella microcarpa)

Similar to citrus trees in use 1833-1863

Crape Myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica)

China, deciduous, summer flowering, NO by 1800

Loquat, Japanese Plum (Eriobotrya japonica)

Japan, China, Rose family, evergreen, fall flower, spring fruit, NO by 1800

Parsley Hawthorne (Crataegus marshallii)

LA native, Rose family, tiny, pinkish white flowers in spring, red berries in winter

Pomegranate (Punica Granatum)

Europe, Asia, semi-evergreen, summer flowers, winter fruit, NO by 1731, Garden of the Ursulines

SHRUBS

Angel's Trumpet (Datura arborea)

Ecuador, Nightshade family, double white blooms spring thru first frost, night fragrance, NO by 1840

Azalea (Rhododendron Indicas)

Asia, Heath family, evergreen, pink blooms late winter, NO 1830s, variety unknown

Boxwood, Common Box (Buxus sempervirens)

Europe, evergreen, NO by 1800

Butterfly Bush (Buddleia Davidii)

Asian tropics, semi-evergreen, purple flower spikes summer to autumn, attracts hummingbirds,

butterflies, fragrant, From the Margie Jenkins Azalea Garden, NO by 1859

Camellia (Camellia japonica) [listed front to back of garden]

Governor Mouton, dark pink with white splotches, peony-form, 18th c ?

Chandleri Elegans, deep pink touched with white, 1831 by Alfred Chandler of England, NO by1843

Debutante, light pink, peony-type, early 1900s, Charleston

Louisiana Peppermint, most likely "Mrs. Abby Wilder," dark pink and white stripe, NO by 1843

Daijoken, white informal double blooms

Camellia (Camellia Sasanqua)

Snow-on-the-Mountain, white winter blooms, Sasanqua in

NO 1830s

Gardenia, Cape Jasmine (Gardenia jasminoides)

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China, Madder family, evergreen, white flowers May-June, fragrant, NO before 1800

Japanese Honeysuckle, (Weigela florida)

E. Asia, Honeysuckle family, deciduous, rose-colored flowers, spring until autumn, NO by 1845

Oak-leaf Hydrangea (Hydrangea Quercifolia)

LA native, deciduous, white blossoms April-June, discovered in 1776 by Wm. Bartram, in English gardens

1803

Nandina, Heavenly Bamboo (Nandina domesica)

Asia, Barberry family, evergreen, white spring flowers, red berries in winter, NO by 1830

Oleander (Nerium oleander)

Mediterranean to Japan, Dogbane family, evergreen, blooms white spring and early summer, NO by 1800

Pittosporum (Pittosporum Tobira variegata)

China, Japan, evergreen, NO by 1830

Sweet Shrub (Calycanthus floridus)

SE US, deciduous, spring flowering, fragrant leaves and reddish-brown flowers, from the Margie Jenkins

Azalea Garden, NO by 1859

Rose of Sharon, Althea 'Minerva' (Hibiscus syiancus)

Asia, Mallow family, deciduous, July to October bloom, single lavender with red throat, butterfly

attractant, from the Margie Jenkins Azalea Garden, NO by 1800, 1824 description:"althea, with its lilac small rose-

like blossoms"

Rose of Sharon, Althea 'Aphrodite' (Hibiscus syiancus)

Asia, Mallow family, deciduous, July to October bloom, single rosy pink blooms, butterfly attractant, from

the Margie Jenkins Azalea Garden, NO by 1800

Sweet Olive, Tea Olive (Osmanthus fragrans)

Asia, Olive family, evergreen, fall and spring bloom, tiny, fragrant white flowers, NO before 1800

Shoe Button Spirea, Bridal Wreath, (Spiraea prunifolia)

NA native, Rose family, deciduous, early to mid-spring bloom, before leaves appear, from the Margie

Jenkins Azalea Garden, NO by 1855 (this cultivar mentioned by name)

ROSES

Banksia Rose, Lady Bank's Rose (Rosa banksiae)

Climber, small, profuse blooms, lightly scented, early spring flowering, white arrived in England from

China in 1807, yellow in 1825, NO by 1826

Old Blush Rose

China or Bengal rose, continuous pink blooming, NO 1752

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Pink Tea Rose

Name unknown, possibly Duchesse de Brabant, NO 1857

Iceberg Floribunda Roses

Continuous white blooming, 1958

ORNAMENTS

Fountain, American cast iron, mid-19th c, replacing damaged fountain, 2008, in memory of R. J. Dykes III and

Frank W. Masson

Iron Gates & Grilles, 1954, Hinderer's Iron Works

Marble Plaque, in memory of Veronica Hornblower, a devoted secretary to Mrs. Keyes

Marble Grave Marker, Anais Phillipon (Mrs. John A. Merle), salvaged from the destroyed Girod Street Cemetery

Copper Lanterns, C. 1970, Bevolo Gas and Electric Lights

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Glossary

Andry Family – In 1841, the BK house was purchased by Madame Josephine Laveau Trudea (?

– 1849). She was the daughter of Charles Trudeau, the surveyor for the Spanish Empire in New

Orleans, the designer of Lafayette Square, and the mayor of New Orleans in 1812. Her sister,

Celestine, married General Wilkinson, the famed traitor to the United States. Josephine was the

second wife of Bernard Noel “Manuel” Andry (1758 – 1839). Andry was a prominent military

figure in Louisiana, and it was on his plantation that he German Coast Uprising of 1811 began,

with an attack on him and the death of his youngest son, Gilbert. His first wife died in 1814, and

he married Josephine sometime after. Two years after his death, Josephine purchased the house

and lived here with her daughter, Adonai Andry (c. 1821 – 1869), and her son in law L. Armand

Garidel. Both mother and daughter continued to improve the garden that was planted by Anais

Merle. Josephine lived here until her death in 1849. Adonai and Garidel continued to live in the

house until 1865, where the property was divided up and sold to the Lanata family. The couple

moved to Chartres and then Marigny, where Adonai died in 1869.

Antoine’s Restaurant – Antoine’s Restaurant was founded in 1840 by the Alcitore family, and

is the oldest continually family run restaurant in America. It was here Oysters Rockefeller were

created, and the recipe is still a secret. Mrs. Keyes’ novel, A Dinner at Antoine’s, took place in

the 1840 Room.

Henri “Henry” Beauregard – (1845 – 1915) Henri Toutant Beauregard was the second child of

PGT and Laure Villere. Although he was still too young at the beginning of the Civil War, he

served on his father’s staff. Afterwards, he lived with his father in the BK house. He owned a

rice plantation for some time, and then moved to San Diego to work in real estate. In 1889 he

married Marie Antoinette Harney from St. Louis, and they lived on a plantation in St. Bernard

parish raising livestock. He also worked briefly as a manager of an oil company in Texas. He

died in 1915 and was buried with his mother in Metairie Cemetery.

Rene Beauregard – (1843 – 1910) Rene Beauregard was the first child of PGT and Laure

Villere. He attended LSU until the outbreak of the Civil War and worked his way up to a captain,

and at the end of the war was promoted to a major. In 1876, he passed the bar, and married Alice

Cenas in 1878. The couple had six children, one son and five daughters. He worked as a judge at

the court of appeals, and as an advisor on various political campaigns. He died in 1910.

Black Hand – Black Hand is a name for extortion methods by the mafia. Often, the threatening

letters would be signed with a ‘black hand’, a hand in a warning gesture drawn in black ink. The

New Orleans Crime Family used these methods, resulting in the death of the chief of police in

1891, as well as numerous other crimes. The Giacona family, who owned the house, resisted the

extortion and in retaliation, killed four members in 1908. The New Orleans Crime Family

continued until 2007, and it is possible it still carries on today.

Francois Correjolles – (1795 – 1864) Francois Edouard Correjolles was born in Baltimore,

Maryland in 1795 to Francois Correjolles and Maria Cecile Grelet. His parents had fled St.

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Domingue around 1794, and moved to Baltimore. In 1794, Fort Dauphine, where his parents

were residing, had been captured by Spanish forces and African allies, led by Jean-Francois and

Biassou. On July 7th, 1794, the fort was invaded and all whites massacred, so the Correjolles

must have fled then if not before. After his birth in Baltimore the family went to Cuba, and then

to New Orleans in 1809. Francois and his older brother participated in the Battle of New Orleans,

and attended the 34th anniversary of the battle in 1849. Before his drawings of the BKH, there are

no known examples of his work, or any information on his architectural training. Afterwards, he

designed a two story house for Mr. Charles Zenon Derbigny. Correjolles also did work on the

Castillon house, as well as repairs to the Pontalba Building, and building two houses for Baron

de Pontalba. Between 1828 and 1834, he and a local building partner signed contracts for over

twenty five buildings. After difficulties with a contract in 1839, no other building contracts have

been found. In 1831, he married Victoire Celanie Pascal. One of the signers of their lengthy

marriage contract was Joseph Le Carpentier. He owned several lots of land, as well as five slaves

worth about 2,350 in 1831 (62,376.57 in 2015). Included was a two-story house he was giving

his bride as a gift. He lived in this two story house on Burgundy. He died in July 2nd, 1864,

leaving his wife and seven children.

Creole – Creole is from the Spanish word “Creolis”. It defines a person as one who is born in the

“New World” whose parents are originally from Europe. In Louisiana, that means a person of

French or Spanish descent, whose families came from Europe. Many owners of the house were

Creole, including the Le Carpentiers, the Andrys, and Beauregard.

Boyd Cruise – (1909 – 1988) Born in Mississippi and raised in Louisiana, Cruise was a

significant figure in New Orleans due to his contributions to preservation of the French Quarter.

Supported by the WPA, Cruise did a series of watercolors of the French Quarter based on

photographs by Sam Wilson. With his watercolors he did copious amounts of research into the

buildings, and became known for his architectural and preservation knowledge. The founders of

the Historic New Orleans Collection made him a curator and cataloger of their art collection. His

final painting in 1962 was of the Beauregard-Keyes House, done for his friend Frances

Parkinson Keyes. He was also the director of the Vieux Carre Survey, and when the HNOC was

established, he was the first director.

Jefferson Davis – (1808 – 1889) Jefferson Davis was the president of the Confederate States of

America. Born in Kentucky, he was raised on cotton plantations in Alabama and Mississippi. He

graduated a lieutenant from West Point and served as a colonel in the Mexican American War.

Under President Franklin Pierce, he served as Secretary of War. He was also a democratic

senator from Mississippi, and owned a cotton plantation with more than a hundred slaves. After

the Civil War broke out he was appointed provisional, and then official president of the

Confederacy. After the war ended he was arrested for treason but never brought to trial. He

wrought his memoirs, The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government. Davis and Beauregard

never got along and after the war they published accounts that refuted each other. Davis died in

1889 after catching a cold while traveling in Louisiana.

Caroline Deslondes – (1831 – 1864) Marguerite Caroline Deslondes was the second wife of

PGT Beauregard. From a wealthy Creole family, Caroline was one of four daughters and several

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sons. Her older sister, Mathilde, the reported beauty of the family, married John Slidell. Caroline

married PGT in 1860, and they lived briefly together in her home until he went first to West

Point and then to fight in the Civil War. Always a sickly woman, she became seriously ill in

1862, and she died in 1864. The newspapers in the city reported her condition was aggravated by

the absence of her husband and his betrayal of the Union. As a result, 6000 people attended her

funeral, and the Union general sent her body upriver to be buried at her family’s plantation.

Garçonnière – A french word meaning bachelor pad. Often when the boys of the family reached

their teenage years, they lived in a garconniere on the property, which were rooms separated

from the rest of the house for the young men.

Giacona Family – In the 1900s, the Giacona family immigrated to New Orleans from Palermo,

Sicily. They were wholesale wine merchants, and possibly running an illegal tax free liquor

business. The patriarch, Pietro and his son Corrado and the family lived in the house. They killed

four members of the Black Hand on the back gallery. They were charged but never brought to

trial. After Pietro’s death the house was in the name of his wife, and she and Corrado sold it in

1925.

Good Housekeeping – Good Housekeeping is a magazine for women that began in 1885 in

Holyoke, Massachusetts. In 1911, it was bought by the Hearst Corporation, and achieved a

circulation of over a million, even during the Great Depression. In the 20s and 30s, it made triple

what the other magazines by the Hearst Corporation were making. Mrs. Keyes wrote for Good

Housekeeping in the 20s and 30s, and was known for her traveling letters and her series, “Letters

from a Senator’s Wife”.

Haitian Revolution – (1791 – 1804) The Haitain Revolution took place from 1791 until 1804 in

the French colony of Saint-Domingue. It was a slave revolt that resulted in liberation for the

slaves on the island. Although various countries tried to intervene, they were unsuccessful. It

began when slaves were freed in French Proper during the French Revolution, but not in the

colonies. In 1804, it became an independent country under the leadership of Dessalines. Also in

1804, Dessalines ordered a massacre of the remaining white population on the island, resulting in

the death of 3000 to 5000 people. The first owner of the BK house, Le Carpentier, had fled from

Haiti with his family. The architect Correjolles’ parents had left Haiti, and he was born in

Baltimore shortly after. The Haitian Revolution resulted in an influx of sugar planters and slaves

to the Louisiana territory, resulting in the growth of the transcontinental slave trade in the United

States, as more work was needed for the sugar plantations.

Pendleton Hogan – (1907 – 1993) Pendleton Hogan was an author who was a friend of Mrs.

Keyes. After WWII he stayed in her house in New Orleans, and wrote a brief biography of her

called ‘Lunch with Mrs. Keyes’

Harry Wilder Keyes – (1859 – 1938) Henry “Harry” Wilder Keyes was a one term governor

and there term senator of New Hampshire. His family was an old family from New England,

with ancestors having fought in the American Revolution. Henry Keyes, his father, was a

politician from Vermont. At Harvard, he was an excellent student and an athlete, and graduated

in 1887. He served in the New Hampshire legislature before running for governor, and also ran

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the family business that included railroads and banking, as well as livestock breeding. He helped

introduce the Holstein-Friesian Cow to America, which is the stereotypical dairy cow. During

the summer of 1904, he married Frances Wheeler, and they had three children. In 1916 he ran for

governor of New Hampshire, and served from 1917-1919. Afterwards he ran for senator of New

Hampshire, and served for three terms until 1937 when he retired, and he died the next year.

Henry Keyes Jr. – (1905 - 1983) The oldest son of Frances and Harry, Henry was born the year

after his parents wedding. He traveled with his mother on her trips to Europe, South America,

Asia, and Africa. Like his father, he attended Harvard. He became a lawyer in Boston and

married Betty Louise Main in Denver shortly before his father’s death.

John Keyes – (1907 - 1983) John Parkinson Keyes was the second child of Frances and Harry.

Like the rest of the men in his family, he attended Harvard, and later served as a lieutenant in the

navy during WWII. In 1945, he married Alice Curley, a lieutenant of the army in London. His

mother, unfortunately, could not attend the wedding.

Peter Keyes – (1912 – 1981) Francis “Peter” Keyes was the third son of Frances and Harry. The

favorite of Frances, he spent his childhood with his parents in D.C. Peter also attended Harvard,

graduating in 1936, and went with his mother on a brief tour of the Caribbean. He married

Louise McNeil in 1937, and began teaching at the Westminster School, eventually becoming

headmaster of the school and later president in 1970.

James Lambert – (1782 - ?) James Lambert was a local builder in New Orleans in the 1820s.

He worked on the BK house provided that Le Carpentier provided all the materials for building.

His family was from New England, but he moved to New Orleans and married a woman named

Eliza Leslie.

Krewe – A krewe is an organization that puts on a parade or a ball during Carnival season. The

word is believed to originate with the Mistick Krewe of Comus, the oldest continual Krewe in

New Orleans.

Lanata Family – The Lanata family owned the house from 1865 until 1904. The patriarch,

Dominique Lanata, was a member of a prominent family in Genoa, Italy. By 1842, he had

established a successful grocery business on Wilkinson Street where he lived until his death in

1869. Two other family members were also successful grocers, and one was the consul of

Sardinia. Lanata had a row of two story Greek revival houses built on Chartres Street down river

from the BK House, and are still standing today. He died in 1869 with an estate of $715,128.48

(a little above 12 million in 2015) not including other investments and businesses. The most

important tenant of the house while they owned it was PGT Beauregard and his family after the

civil war. One of the Lanatas lived in the house in 1870, but by 1886 had moved to Esplanade. In

1904 they sold the house to the Giacona family.

Laure Beauregard Larendon – (1850 – 1884) Laure was the daughter of PGT Beauregard,

Laure was doted upon by her father. With her marriage to Charles Larendon, an officer from

South Carolina, in 1876, the couple continued to live with her father. She had two daughters,

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Lillian and Laure. Lillian was born in 1881, and Laure was born in 1884. Laure Beauregard

Larendon died a day after giving birth to her daughter Laure.

Laure Larendon – (1884 – 1971) Laure Larendon was the granddaughter of PGT Beauregard.

Like her mother, Laure and her sister Lillian were doted upon by their grandfather. She and her

sister would live primarily with aunts and their grandfather. After PGT’s death in 1893, she was

bequeathed some of his estate including furniture and the family paintings. She never married or

had children, but there was supposedly a great love in her life. A contemporary of Mrs. Keyes,

they became good friends when Mrs. Keyes moved to New Orleans, and it is because of this

friendship that we have the Beauregard furniture and paintings.

Lillian Larendon – (1881-1888) The first daughter of Laure and Charles Larendon, Lillian was

reportedly a sweet and contemplative child. Both she and her sister were adored by their

grandfather, and were often seen around town with him. At age seven, she contracted diphtheria,

an infection that was often fatal. She is buried next to her mother in Metarie Cemetary.

Joseph Le Carpentier – (c. 1788 – 1851) Joseph Essau Le Carpentier was born in St.

Domingue, Haiti in 1788. He was one of at least six children born to Charles Innocent Le

Carpentier and his wife, Thérèze Druillet, wealthy Creole planters. In 1789, their cotton

plantation was valued at around 20,000 francs (possibly about half a million today). After the

Haitian Revolution began, the family fled going first to Cuba and then to New Orleans, with

Joseph being the first to arrive in the city. He married Blanche Modeste, daughter of a wealthy

Creole family, and they had four children. Joseph was a very successful auctioneer, and in 1840

auctioned off 62 slaves for the Haydel family, making a profit of over $50,000 (around 1.5

million today). His daughter, Thelcide, married in the house. After living there from 1827 until

1833, he lived in various places in the French Quarter. He died in 1851 at the “advanced age of

79 years”, a well-respected figure of the community.

Robert E. Lee – (1807 – 1870) Robert Edward Lee was born in Westmoreland County, Virginia.

His father was a famed military figure, Henry “Lighthorse” Lee. He was sent to the United States

Military Academy at West Point, and graduated second in his class. Out of the 2,000 possible

points to earn at the Academy, Lee is still ranked second. He served in the Mexican American

War, and was the commanding officer for Beauregard. Although he opposed the succession of

the southern states, and considered the Confederacy an anarchy, he joined the army of Northern

Virginia. Lee was also in favor of abolition before and during the Civil War, and his wife

operated an illegal school to educate slaves. Although the confederacy lost the war, Lee was

highly regarded in both the north and the south as an intermediary. After the war he was

appointed the president of Washington and Lee in Lexington, VA (the Lee was added

afterwards), and remained until his death in 1870. His wife, Mary Custis, survived him by three

years.

Louisiana Purchase – In 1803, the United States purchased the Louisiana Territory from

France. The U.S. paid around fifty million francs (around eleven million today). From 1762 until

1800, Spain had control of the territory, but with the secret treaty of Ildefonso the land was given

back to France. The U.S. really wanted the port of New Orleans given its strategic location.

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However Napoleon had given up his dream for an American empire with the loss of Haiti during

the Haitian Revolution. In November 1803, the transition from Spain to France was announced,

and a month later in December, the transfer from France to the U.S. was announced. The

territory included lands in 15 U.S. states and parts of Canada.

Merle Family – The Merle family owned the house from 1833 – 1841. John Ami Merle was a

member of the Merle d’ Aubigne family of Geneva, Switzerland. He was very active in Swiss

society in New Orleans, and was named consul to New Orleans. Due to financial difficulties of

his firm, he auctioned off “seventeen parcels of real estate, forty-six slaves, and various stocks

surrendered by them to their creditors.” In 1847, Mrs. Anais Merle died. In 1848, it is possible

that John Merle returned to Switzerland with his children.

Paul Morphy – (1837 – 1844) Born to Alonzo Morphy and Louise Thelcide Le Carpentier, Paul

Morphy was a world renowned chess player during his youth. He picked up the game while

watching his father and uncle play, and by age nine was considered the best player in the city. He

graduated from college in 1854, and earned an A.M. degree in 1855. In 1857, he graduated from

University of Louisiana (now Tulane) with a law degree, but was too young to practice law, so

he began to play chess. He traveled the world playing chess, and rarely lost. Considered the

world champion, he met many prominent figures, and even had a private audience with Queen

Victoria. After returning home, he retired from chess and attempted to practice law. With his law

firm failing to take off, he lived a life of leisure due to his family fortune, but refused to play or

speak of chess. He died in July of 1884 of a stroke brought on by entering a cold bath after a long

walk in the heat.

General Allison Owen – (1869 – 1851) General Allison Owen was born in New Orleans in

1869 to a prominent New Orleans family of bankers, merchants, and magistrates. He attended

Tulane in preparation for MIT, where he studied architecture. In 1896 he married Blanche

Poitier, and they had four children. During WWI, he rose through the ranks to a colonel, and

later a general. Owen was involved with many organizations including the Round Table Club,

the Pickwick Club, Louisiana Historical Society, and the Knights of Columbus. He was an

influential architect in the city, and contributed to the purchasing of the BK House in the 1920s

for preservation.

Parterre Garden – A formal garden that originated in 15th century France. It used small hedges

arranged in symmetrical geometric patterns, and compartmentalizes various flowers or shrubs

within the hedges. There are also small pathways between the hedges.

John Slidell – (1793 – 1871) John Slidell was a prominent politician from Louisiana during the

antebellum and civil war. Originally from New York, he graduated from Columbia and moved to

Louisiana as a young man. He practiced law in New Orleans beginning in 1819, and became

district attorney and served in the Louisiana House of Representatives. He was elected to the

United States Senate in 1853, and was a pro-Southern rights, and advocated for the acquisition of

Cuba, and the repeal of the Missouri Compromise. After Louisiana’s succession, he was a

diplomat for the confederacy and was sent to England and France to secure support and

recognition of the confederacy. He was successful, and after the Civil War remained in Europe,

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living in Paris and dying on the Isle of Wight in 1871. His wife, Mathilde, was the sister of

Caroline Deslondes, the second wife of PGT Beauregard. It was with John Slidell’s influence

that PGT was appointed superintendent of West Point. The city of Slidell in St. Tammany Parish

is named after him.

Swiss Consulate – The Swiss Consulate in New Orleans began in 1829, and in 1830 the Consul

was recognized by President Andrew Jackson. The Swiss were among the first to arrive in New

Orleans. John Merle, the second owner of the house, was the second Swiss Consul from 1838-

1848. In addition to the Swiss Consulate, the Swiss Benevolent Society began in 1855, and

continues today. Board member and volunteer, John Geister III is the Honorary Swiss Consul

since 1985.

Veillueses – Veillueses are French tea lights and teapots, with the light going in the bottom, and

an teapot on top. Typically very ornamental, veillueses are a valuable collectable, and Mrs.

Keyes has the second largest known collection. The largest is owned by a private collector in

Tennessee.

Marie Antoinette Laure Villere Beauregard – (1823 – 1850) Laure Villere was the first wife

pf PGT Beauregard. She was the daughter of Jules-Gabriel Villere, a wealthy plantation owner

and the son of Jacques Phillipe Villere, the second governor of Louisiana. In 1841 Laure married

PGT, and they had three children. She died in 1850 giving birth to their daughter, also named

Laure. All three were born on the upper Magnolia Plantation in Plaquemines Parish, Laure’s

family home.

War of 1812 – (1812 – 1815) The War of 1812 was fought between the United States and Great

Britain. It began because of the impressment of American sailors, the attacks on American ships,

and Great Britain’s refusal to acknowledge the American policy of free and neutral trade. One of

the slogans of the war was “Free trade and sailor’s rights”. The war was fought in the northern

Unites States with a failed invasion of Canada, the Atlantic Ocean, and at the end in the southern

United States. Although peace had been negotiated in late 1814, the treaty was not ratified and in

January 1815, the Battle of New Orleans was fought when British forces attempted to take the

city. The architect of the house, Francois Correjolles, and his older brother fought in the battle.

The peace was ratified shortly after, although this battle often leads to the perception that the

United States won a war that was otherwise a stalemate. It also brought Andrew Jackson into the

public eye as the “Hero of New Orleans”.

United States Military Academy – Founded in 1802, the United States Military Academy at

West Point, NY, it was the first military academy in the United States. Although it had

difficulties in its early years, in 1817, Colonel Sylvanus Thayer reorganized the academy by

setting the academic and military standards, and emphasized the honor system. It has produced

many notable military figures including PGT Beauregard, Ulysses S. Grant, Douglas MacArthur,

Dwight D. Eisenhower, among many others.

Samuel Wilson Jr. – (1911 – 1993) Sam Wilson was a New Orleans architect who was born in

the city and raised in the Carrolton area. He was an architect and historian, and worked to restore

historic buildings around the city. Besides the BK House he also worked on the Hermann-Grima

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and Gallier Houses and the Cabildo. He helped create a Louisiana Architecture class at Tulane,

and also created the Louisiana Landmarks Society.

108

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Frances Parkinson Keyes




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111

Glossary / Misc




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12. Keyes, Frances Parkinson. Roses in December. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1960.

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15. Meyer, Manuella. "Colonial Latin America." Class Lecture, University of Richmond, Fall

Semester, 2014.

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Semester, 2015.








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Guidebook- first draft

Presentations & Public Speaking

Transcript of Guidebook- first draft