Guide to Sustainable Mountain Trailsnpshistory.com/publications/romo/trail-sketchbook-2012.pdf2012...

Guide to Sustainable Mountain Trails

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Trail Assessment, Planning & Design SketchbookTraining Workbook

MacGregor Falls Trail Rocky Mountain National Park

June 16-17, 2012

Rocky Mountain National Park - Headquarters Area

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Recreation Accessibility ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Sustainability ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Value Analysis / Choosing by Advantages ___________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Robin Winks Article ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Preservation / Conservation Literature ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Other ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

National Park Service FoundationsOrganic Act ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________National Park Service Management Policies ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Natural Resources Management Guidelines ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________National Park Service Green Parks Plan ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Wilderness _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________CCC - Era ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Rocky Mountain National Park Foundations

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Project Clearance Form _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Sign Plan ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Opportunities for Recreation Accessibiliy ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Appropriateness ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Other __________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Foundation Documents / Signifi cance / Purpose _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Trail Plan ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Wilderness Management Plan _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Backcountry Management Plan______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Interdisciplinary Team / Roles & Responsibilities

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Park Engineer ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Interpretation / Education ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ranger Division ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Park Planner ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Administration / Budget ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Other 1. __________ 2. __________ 3. ___________ 4. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Natural Resouce Specialist ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Cultural Resource Specialist ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Maintenance Foreman ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Maintenance Worker ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Trail Specialist ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Landscape Architect ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

MacGregor Falls Trail Project - Stakeholder Analysis

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Notes______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Stakeholder Interest Infl uence Information

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MacGregor Falls Trail Project - Background / Purpose / Goals

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Background ___________________________________________1. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Purpose _________________________________________________1. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Project Goals 1. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________4. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________6. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________7. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________8. Establish public / private partnership___________________________________________________________________________9. Prepare Grant Application & Attachments______________________________________________________________________10. Implement Sustainable Corridor _______________________________________________________________________________Other _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

USGS Topographic Base Map - MacGregor Falls Trail Vicinity

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Pitfalls to Avoid / Lessons Learned

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Pitfalls to Avoid1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Other ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Lessons Learned 1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Other___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Aerial View - MacGregor Falls Trail

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Geographic Context / Ecosystems & Climate / Users CharacteristicsGeographic Context ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ecosystems ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Climate ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________User Characteristics _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Primary Access Points ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Project Scope

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ASLA Policies / Choosing by AdvantagesASLA Policies 1 Environmental Ethics ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2 Research ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3 Environmental Sustainability_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4 Open Space __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5 Wildlife Habitat ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6 Wetlands ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7 National Parks _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8 Public Lands & Forests _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9 Visual Resources _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10 Water Quality & Conservation _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________11 Invasive Species ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Choosing by Advantages 1 Protect Park Resources_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2 Provide Educational & Interpretive Opportunities _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3 Improve Management Effi ciency & Sustainability ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4 Protect Employee & Public Health, Safety & Welfare ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5 Provide Other Advantages to the National Park System ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

GIS Export - Aspect Map

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GIS Export - Elevation Map

GIS Export - 40 Foot Contours Map

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GIS Export - Roads & Trails

GIS Exports - Prevailing Cross Slope Map

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GIS Exports - Soil Types

GIS Exports - Vegetation Map

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GIS Exports - Wildersness Map

Characteristic Landscape Qualities

Notes /Sketches

Notes /Sketches

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Notes / Sketches

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Site Analysis / Aesthetics / On-Site & Off -Site Views

Notes /Sketches

Notes /Sketches

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Notes / Sketches

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Appropriate Origins / Destinations / Corridor (Major) Control Points

Notes /Sketches

Notes /Sketches

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Notes / Sketches

Functional Alignment Options _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Aesthetic Alignment Options _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Network Analysis / Off -Site Connections / Boundary Constraints

Notes /Sketches

Notes /Sketches

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Notes / Sketches

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Educational / Interpretive Opportunities

Notes /Sketches

Notes /Sketches

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Notes / Sketches

Theme # 1 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Theme # 2 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Theme # 3__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________General Notes ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Alternative Framework # 1

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Alternative # 1 G = D / L

Control Points Summary

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Vertical Calcultations / Comparison


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Sustainability Assessment / Notes

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Station Cross Slope (%)

Profi le Grade

(%)

Aspect Soils Backslope Tread Width

Surface Rating Assessment Notes / Natural & Cultural Resource Impacts

Assessment Notes ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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New Trail Design Summary / Estimates

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Station Cross Slope Left (%)

Cross Slope Right (%)

Profi le Grade (%)

Azimuth Soils New Trail Design Notes / Mgt. Options

Estimates____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Google Earth Oblique Exports - 1

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Restoration

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Describe social considerations (using local materials, minimzing restrictive signage, budgetary constraints, aesthetics, inertia) of performing restoration activities _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Describe ecological consideration (reducing invasion by non-native species, erasing the abandoned trail corridor scars, restoring natural drainage patterns, etc.) of performing restoration activities _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Describe agency’s obligation to restrore impacted areas ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Describe benefi ts of performing restoration activities ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Describe limitations on restoration activities (social, ecological, political, etc.) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Off -site (imported) materials (mulch, seeds, lumber, erosion matting, transplants, etc.) needed? _________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Describe restoration variables to monitor over time _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What will happen if restoration is not accomplished on this site? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Describe recommended restoration treatments (plugs, check dams, seeding, willow cuttings, recontouing, closure, etc.) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Estimated quantity in linear feet or square yards (ball park estimate)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4-Step Restoration Actions Sequence (outline only)__________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What benefi t can salvaged native materials from trail construction be? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What benefi t can salvaged native materials (i.e.: mineral soil or stone) from restoration activities be in trail construction? ____ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Appalachian Mountain Club1998 The Complete Guide to Trail Building and Maintenance, 3rd

Edition. (Carl Demrow and David Salisbury). Boston, MA.

Appalachian Trail Conference2003 Appalachian Trail Fieldbook; Maintenance and Rehabilitation

Guidelines for Volunteers, 2nd Edition. Harpers Ferry, WV.2000 Appalachian Trail; Design, Construction, and Maintenance, 2nd

Edition. (William Birchard, Jr. and Robert Proudman). Harpers Ferry, WV. 1981 Trail Design, Construction and Maintenance. Harpers Ferry, WV.

Birkby, Robert C.2005 Lightly on the Land, The SCA Trail-Building and Maintenance

Manual, 2nd Edition. Seattle, WA: Mountaineers.

Bondurant, Julie and Laura Thompson et al.2009 Trail Planning for California Communities. Point Arena, CA: Solano Press Books.

Colorado Outdoor Training Initiative (COTI)2006 COTI Instructor’s Guide to Teaching Crew Leadership for Trails. Denver, CO.2004 Standard Terminology for Trails. Denver, CO.

Colorado State Forest Service1998 Colorado Forest Stewardship Guidelines to Protect Water Quality. Fort Collins, CO.

Countryside Commission1989 Footbridges in the Countryside, 2nd Edition. Scotland: Reiach Hall Blyth Partnership.

Duff y, Hugh, Kim Frederick & Lois Bachensky1991 Sustainable Mountain Trail Corridors. Denver, CO: Colorado State Trails Newsletter.

Gobster, Paul H. and R. Bruce Hull2000 Restoring Nature. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.

Griswold, Stephen1996 A Handbook on Trail Building and Maintenance – For National,

State and Local Natural Resource Managing Agencies. Sequoia Natural History Association: Sequoia National Park.

Hellmund Associates1998 Planning Trails with Wildlife in Mind: A Handbook for Trail

Planners. Denver, CO: Colorado State Parks.

LaGro, James A.2001 Site Analysis, Linking Program and Concept in Land Planning

and Design. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons.

Leopold, Aldo1966 Sand County Almanac. Oxford University Press.

Lewis, James G.2005 The Forest Service and The Greatest Good, A Centennial History. Durham, NC: Forest History Society.

Louv, Richard2005 Last Child in the Woods. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill.

Marion, Jeff rey L.2006 Assessing and Understanding Trail Degradation: Results from Big

South Fork National River and Recreation Area. Blacksburg, VA: United State Geological Survey.

Miller, Char and Rebecca Staebler 1999 The Greatest Good – 100 Years of Forestry in America. Bethesda, MD: Society of American Foresters.

More Tools (Updated June 2012)

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Moore, Roger, Vicki LaFarge and Charles L. Tracy1992 Organizing Outdoor Volunteers, 2nd Edition. Boston, MA: Appalachian Mountain Club.

National Park Service2012 Sustainability of NPS Backcountry Trails - Minimizing Resource

Impacts. Denver, CO.2007 Guide to Sustainable Mountain Trails: Assessment, Planning

and Design Sketchbook. Denver, CO.2006 Management Policies, Guide to Managing the National Park

System. Washington, D.C.2006 Natural Resource Management Reference Manual # 77. Washington, D.C. 2003 Open Space, Protecting Open Space: Tools and Techniques. Austin, TX.1993 Visual Quality of the Built Environments in National Parks.

Denver, CO.1993 Guiding Principles of Sustainable Design. National Park Service: Denver Service Center. Denver, CO.1991 NPS Natural Resources Management Guideline – NPS 77.

Washington, D.C.1937 Construction of Trails, CCC Project Training Series No. 7.

Washington, D.C.: National Park Service for the Civilian Conservation Corps.

Olmsted, Frederick Law1993 Yosemite and the Mariposa Grove: A Preliminary Report, 1865. Yosemite National Park, CA.

Parker, Troy Scott2004 Natural Surface Trails by Design. Boulder, CO: Natureshape.

Parks Canada1978 Trails Manual. Ottawa, Canada.

Pennsylvania State Trails Program1980 Non-Motorized Trails / An Introduction to Planning and

Development. Harrisburg, PA.

Proudman, Robert D. and Reuben Rajala1981 AMC Appalachian Mountain Club Field Guide to Trail Building

and Maintenance, 2nd Edition. Boston, MA.

Schmid, Jim Bibliographies for Trails and Greenways. http://www.americantrails.org/resources/info/bibliog.html (accessed 2/7/2007).

Trapp, Suzanne, Michael Gross and Ron Zimmerman1991 Signs, Trails, and Wayside Exhibits. Stevens Points, WI: University of Wisconsin-SP Foundation Press, Inc.

University Libraries Forest Library. Trail Planning, Construction, and Maintenance. http://forestry.lib.umn.edu/bib/trls.phtml (accessed 2/8/2007).

U.S.D.A. Forest Service2011 A Comprehensive Framework for Off -Highway Vehicle Trail

Management. Missoula, MT. 2007 Equestrian Design Guidebook for Trails, Trailheads, and

Campgrounds. Missoula, MT.2004 Trail Construction and Maintenance Notebook, 2004 Edition. Missoula, MT.1995 Landscape Aesthetics, A Handbook for Scenery Management. Washington, D.C.1994 Forest Service Manual, 2600-Wildlife, Fish and Sensitive Plant

Habitat Management. Region 2.1987 National Forest Landscape Management, Volume 2, Chapter 8:

Recreation. Agriculture Handbook No. 666. Washington, D.C.1984 Trail Construction Manual. Washington, D.C.1986 Standard Specifi cations for Construction of Trails (Publication

Number EM 7720-102). Washington, D.C.1972 Forest Landscape Management Volume 1. Washington, D.C.1935 Forest Trail Handbook. Washington, D.C.1923 Trail Construction on the National Forests. Washington, D.C.1915 Trail Construction on the National Forests. Washington, D.C.

Vogel, Charles1982 Trails Manual, 2nd Edition. Sylmar, CA: Equestrian Trails.

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Volunteers for Outdoor Colorado

Colorado Outdoor Stewardship InitiativeRocky Mountiain National Park

Hugh Duff y, National Park ServiceDanny Basch, Rocky Mountain National ParkKevin Dowell, Rocky Mountain National ParkMatt Martinez, Volunteers for Outdoor Colorado

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