Guidance on Mainstreaming Disaster Risk...
Transcript of Guidance on Mainstreaming Disaster Risk...
"gwfyHktnGef;
tzHk; tay:yHk – taxGaxGa&m*guk aq;½HkBuD;? zsmyHkNrdKU? {&m0wDwdkif;a'oBuD;
("gwfyHk – usef;rma&;OD;pD;Xme) tzHk; atmufyHk – wGJzuf aus;vufusef;rma&;Xme? usHK'g;NrdKUe,f? {&m0wDwdkif;a'oBuD;
("gwfyHk – Mercy Malaysia)
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;EdkifajcavQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
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jrefrmEdkifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;EdkifajcavQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGiff;aygif;pyf aqmif&Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
em*pf tawGUtMuHKrsm;tay: tajccHí jyKpkygonf/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;EdkifajcavQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
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pum;csD;
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif (2008)ckESpfwGif wkdufcwfcJhonfh em*pfrkefwdkif;rSm tqdk;0g;qHk; obm0ab; jzpfygonf/ vlaygif; (84,537) a,muf toufqHk;½HI;cJh&NyD; (53,836) a,muf aysmufqHk;cJh&yg onf/ ysufpD;qHk;½IH;rIwefzdk;rSm tar&duefa':vm (4.1) bDvD,HcefU &Sdygonf/ toufarG; 0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;udk jyif;xefpGm xdcdkufysufpD;apcJhNyD; ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm aqmif&GufcJhaom zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIrsm;udk ysufjym;apcJhygonf/ xdkYaMumifh obm0ab;ESifh zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIwdkY\ tjyeftvSef qufpyfaeyHkudk tav;xm;vmapygonf/
odkYjzpfí jrefrmEdkifiHwGif obm0ab; avQmhcsa&; [DRR] rSm em*pfavab; jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; vkyfief; tm;vHk;wGif t"du jzpfygonf/ ,if;vkyfief;wGif em*pfrkefwdkif;vGefumvyl;wGJtuJjzwfrI [PONJA] tpD&ifcHpm? em*pfrkefwdkif;vGefumv jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;ESifh BudKwifjyifqifrI tpDtpOf [PONREP] ESifh oHk;yGifhqdkif A[dktzGJU [TCG] \ jyKvkyfaom yHkrSef jyefvnfoHk;oyfcsufrsm; yg0ifygonf/ xdkUtjyif EdkifiHawmftpdk;&\ obm0ab; pDrHcefUcGJa&;qkdif&m wnfNrJtrdefUonfvnf; BudKwifjyifqifa&;ESifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk t"duvkyfief;tjzpf owfrSwfygonf/
jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;ESifh zGHUNzdK;a&;udk pOfqufrjywfaqmif&Guf&mwGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½IH; EdkifajcavQmhcsa&; a&½Snfvkyfief;pOfudk xnfhoGif;jcif;jzifh cHEdkif&nf½SdrIudk jr§ifhwif&ef owfrSwf xm;ygonf/ EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u OD;aqmifaom jrefrmEdkifiH obm0ab; avsmhyg;a&; vkyfief;pDrHcsuf [MAPDRR] (2009-2015)onf BudKwifjyifqifa&;ESifh obm0ab; avsmhyg;a&; udk t"du vkyfief;tjzpf aqmif½GufNyD; zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&; vkyfief;pOfrsm;wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;vkyfief;rsm;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyfyg0ifvmapa&; tygt0if u@ (7)&yf yg0ifygonf/ obm0ab; avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyfa&;vkyfief;wpf&yftjzpf aqmif½Guf&mü tdk;tdrf? usef;rma&;? ynma&;ESifh tajccHtaqmuftOD u@rsm;udk OD;pm;ay;tjzpf þu@wGif owfrSwf aqmif½Gufygonf/
em*pfrkefwdkif;umvtwGif; EkdifiHawmftpdk;&? tmqD,H? ukvor*¾tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh tpdk;& r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf; tif*sDtdkrsm;onf &yf½GmtajcjyK obm0ab;avsmhyg;a&; tpDtpOf a&;qGJa&; vufpGJpmtkyf? ab;tEÅ&m,fcHEdkif&nf½Sdaom cdkvHI&mae&mrsm; wnfaqmuf&mwGif vuform;rsm;ESifh oHcsDoHauG; tvkyform;rsm;\ pGrf;aqmif&nfudk wnfaqmufay;jcif;? avab;cdkvHI&m ae&mrsm;tjzpfvnf; toHk;jyKEkdifaom trsdK;rsdK;toHk;jyKEkdifonfh pmoifausmif; rsm;ESifh aq;½Hkrsm; aqmufvkyfa&;? ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;ESifh q&mq&mrrsm;twGuf obm0 ab;usa&mufpOf aqmif&ef? a½Smif&efrsm; todynm pmpOfjyKpkjcif; tygt0if vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif½GufcJhygonf/
ta½SUawmiftm½SEdkifiHrsm;toif; (tmqD,H) onf obm0ab;avsmhyg;a&; odjrifem;vnfrI jr§ifhwif&ef? DRR obm0ab; avsmhyg;a&;qdkif&m Mum;0ifaqmif½GufrIrsm;udk ckdifrmap&efESifh jrefrmEdkifiH obm0ab; avsmhyg;a&; vkyfief;pDrHcsuf ueOD; taumiftxnfazmf aqmif½GufrIudk
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;EdkifajcavQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
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yHhydk;rIay;NyD; umv½Snf obm0ab;avsmhyg;a&; tajccHtkwfjrpf csEkdif&ef tdk;tdrfu@? usef;rma&;u@ESifh ynma&;u@ oHk;&yfwGif DRR udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Gufa&; vrf;ñTef a&;om;jyKpkEdkif&ef trsm;yg0ifaom wkdifyifaqG;aEG;onfh vkyfief;pOfudk pwif aqmif½GufcJhygonf/ þvkyfief;pOfudk jrefrmEkdifiHawmftpdk;&u OD;aqmifNyD; tmqD,HESifh ukvor*¾u yHhydk;rIay;vsuf ADPC u enf;ynm tultnD jznfhqnf;ay;ygonf/
]jrefrmEdkifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Gufa&;vrf;ñTef} udk vlrI0efxrf;? u,fq,fa&;ESifh jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&; 0efBuD;XmeESifh usef;rma&;0efBuD;XmewdkUu tmqD,H? ukvor*¾? ADPC wdkUESifh wGJzufí jyKpkygonf/ þvrf;ñTeffudk tzGJUtpnf;toD;oD;ESifh wdkifyifaqG;aEG;rIrsm; jyKvkyfNyD; a&;om;jyKpkxm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ vrf;ñTefcsuf tusOf;(rlMurf;)udk usef;rma&; vkyfief;tzGJUESifh wdkifyifaqG;aEG;í jyKpkcJhygonf/ ydkrdkus,fjyefUaom wkdifyifaqG;aEG;yGJudkvnf; usif;yNyD; twnfjyKcJhyg onf/ þvrf;ñTef a&;om;jyKpkaepOf tqifhtoD;oD;ü vlrI0efxrf;? u,fq,fa&;ESifh jyefvnf ae&mcsxm;a&; 0efBuD;XmeESifh usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xme? tmqD,H? WHO ESifh Merlin (usef;rma&; vkyfief;tzGJU)? ,ltif'DyD (DRR vkyfief;tkyfpk\ yl;wGJOuúX)? UNFPA, IOM, Save the Children,
jrefrmEdkifiH MuufajceDtoif;? jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; n§dEdIif;aygif;pyfrI A[dkXme (RCC)/ jrpf0uRef;ay: n§dEdIif;aygif;pyfrI tzGJU(DCU) ? MERCY Malaysia ESifh ADPC wdkU yg0ifonfh enf;ynm tpktzGJUu aqG;aEG;jcif;? jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfcJhygonf/ RCC/DCU ? usef;rma&;vkyfief;tzGJU yl;wGJ OuúXrsm;ESifh DRR vkyfief;tpktzGJU yl;wGJ OuúXwdkUonf vrf;ñTefrlMurf;udk oufqdkif&m vkyfief;tzGJU0if toD;oD;ESifh aqG;aEG;NyD; wdk;wuf aumif;rGefap&ef jyKjyifEdkifa&; rSwfcsufjyKcJhMuygonf/
vrf;ñTef\ e,fy,frSm t"dutm;jzifh jrefrmEdkifiH aus;vufa'orsm;½Sd usef;rma&;pepf jzpfygonf/ odkU&mwGif jrefrmwpfEkdifiHvHk;twGuf t"dyÜg,foufa&mufrIESifh oufqdkifrI&Sdaom udpö&yf tcsdKUudk vnf; azmfjyxm;ygonf/ vkyfief;e,fy,frSm ta&;ygNyD; us,fjyefYaomaMumifh NrdKUjyrsm;½Sd usef;rma&;Xmersm;ESifh usef;rma&;pepfqkdif&m tvm;wl vkyfief;rsm;ESifh tjcm;udpö&yfrsm;udk aemiftcgwGif qufvuf avhvm&ef vdktyfygonf/
]jrefrmEdkifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Gufa&;vrf;ñTef} wGif tydkif; (4) ydkif; yg0ifygonf/ ,if;wdkUrSm ed'gef;? obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk usef;rma&;u@wGif xnfhoGif; aygif;pyf aqmif½Guf&jcif; aMumif;usdK;azmfjycsuf? obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk usef;rma&;u@wGif xnfhoGif;aygif;pyfaqmif&GufykHESifh usef;rma&;u@twGuf pGrf;aqmif&nf&SdNyD; ydkrdkab;uif;vHkjcHKaom ywf0ef;usifzefwD;jcif;wdkU jzpfygonf/ vrf;ñTefwGif em*pfavab; usef;rma&;XmetaqmufttHkrsm; jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;? usef;rma&;pepf jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; pDrHudef;? usef;rma&; jyKpkapmifha½SmufrI 0efaqmifrI wdk;wufaumif;rGefapa&;ESifh MudKwif owday; jcif;ESifh wkHUjyefjcif; pepfrsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif½GufcJhaom tzGJUtpnf; toD;oD;\ aumif;rGefaom vkyfenf;vkyf[efrsm;udkvnf; Oyrmtjzpf xnfhoGif;azmfjyxm;ygonf/ tEÅ&m,fuif;aom aq;½Hk rsm; ppfaq;&ef tcsufrsm;pm&if; uJhodkUaom usef;rma&;u@ jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;qkdif&m
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;EdkifajcavQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
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tzGJUtpnf;toD;oD;u jyKpkxm;onfh enf;ynm pmtkyfpmwrf; tcsdKUudkvnf; &nfñTef;udk;um; aMumif; 0efcHxm;NyD; &nfñTef;csufrsm;udk ay;xm;ygonf/
oufqkdifaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tm;vHk;\ pkaygif; BudK;yrf;rI? wefzdk;½Sdaom tMuHjyKcsufrsm; ESifhyl;aygif;aqmif½Gufaom pdwf"mwfwdkUaMumifhomvQif þvrf;ñTefudk jyKpkEkdifjcif; jzpfygonf/ DRR
ESifh usef;rma&;u@qdkif&m tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? txl;ojzifh usef;rma&;u@wGif DRR udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyfaqmif½Gufaeaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tMum; taxGaxG em;vnfrIudk wdk;wuf jrifhrm;apvsuf tEÅ&m,fuif;½Sif;a&;ESifh obm0ab; avsmhyg;a&; ywf0ef;usifjzpfay:apa&; jr§ifhwifay;rnf jzpfygonf/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;EdkifajcavQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
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twdkaumuf a0g[m&rsm;pm&if;
ADPC Asian Disaster Preparedness Center
tm½Sa'o obm0ab; BudKwifjyifqifa&;Xme
AFXB International Association of Francis Xavier Bagnoud z&efppf qmAD,m; bm*Edk'f EkdifiHwumtoif;
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations ta½SUawmiftm½SEkdifiHrsm;toif; (tmqD,H)
DRR Disaster Risk Reduction obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;
EC European Commission
Oa&myaumfr½Sif EWARS Early Warning and Response System
MudKwif owday;jcif;ESifh wkHUjyefjcif; pepf FRC French Red Cross
jyifopfMuufajceDtoif; GFDRR Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery
obm0ab;avsmhyg;a&;ESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; urÇmwpf0Srf; tpDtrH HFL High Flood Level
a&vTrf;rdk;pOftjrifhqHk;a&rSwf IEC Information, education and communication (materials)
owif;tcsuftvuf? ynmay;ESifh qufoG,fajymqdkrI (pmapmif ypönf;rsm;) IFRC International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
EdkifiHwum MuufajceDESifh vjcrf;eD toif;rsm; tzGJUcsKyf INGO International Non-government Organization
EdkifiHwum tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf; IOM International Organization of Migration
EdkifiHwum a½TUajymif;oGm;vmolrsm;tzGJU MAPDRR Myanmar Action Plan on Disaster Risk Reduction
jrefrmEdkifiHobm0ab;avsmhyg;a&;vkyfief;pDrHcsuf MES Myanmar Engineering Society
jrefrmEdkifiH tif*sifeD,mtoif; MIMU Myanmar Information Management Unit
jrefrmEdkifiH owif;tcsuftvuf pDrHcefUcGJrI tzGJU MoH Ministry of Health
usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xme
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;EdkifajcavQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
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MRCS Myanmar Red Cross Society jrefrmEdkifiH MuufajceDtoif;
NDPCC Natural Disaster Preparedness Central Committee of Myanmar jrefrmEdkifiH trsdK;om;obm0ab;umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&; A[dkaumfrwD
NGO Non-government Organization tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJUtpnf; (tif*sDtdk)
PAHO Pan-American Health Organization tar&duwpfwdkufvHk;qdkif&m usef;rma&;tzGJU
PONJA Post-Nargis Joint Assessment em*pfrkefwdkif;vGefumvyl;wGJtuJjzwfrI
PONREPP Post-Nargis Recovery and Preparedness Plan em*pfrkefwdkif;vGefumvjyefvnfxlaxmifa&;ESifh BudKwifjyifqifrItpDtpOf
SOP Standard Operating Procedures pHowfrSwfxm;aom vkyfief;aqmif½Gufonfh vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;
TCG Tripartite Core Group oHk;yGifhqkdif A[dktzGJU
UN United Nations ukvor*¾
UNDP United Nations Development Programme ukvor*¾zGHUNzdK;rItpDtpOf
UNFPA United Nations Population Fund ukvor*¾vlOD;a& &efyHkaiGtzGJU
USD United States Dollar
tar&duefa':vm
WASH Water, sanitation and hygiene sector a&? ywf0ef;usifoefU½Sif;a&;ESifh wpfudk,f&nf oefU½Sif;a&; u@
WHO World Health Organization urÇmhusef;rma&;tzGJU
WHO-SEARO World Health Organization Regional Office for South-east Asia urÇmhusef;rma&;tzGJU ta½SUawmiftm½Sa'o½Hk;
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;EdkifajcavQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
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rmwdum
pum;csD; ....................................................................... 2
twdkaumuf a0g[m&rsm;pm&if; ................................................. 5
rmwdum ...................................................................... 7
pmpkrsm;pm&if; ................................................................. 9
tydkif; 1 - ed'gef; .................................................................................... 10
1-1 &nf½G,fcsuf ......................................................................... 11
1-2 OD;wnf&nf½G,folrsm; ................................................................. 11
1-3 yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&m ............................................................. 12
1-4 obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;qdkif&m a0g[m&rsm; .......................... 12
tydkif; 2 - obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½IH;EdkifajcavQmhcsa&;udk usef;rma&;u@wGif xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufjcif; aMumif;usdK;azmfjycsuf ................................................... 15
2-1 usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;rsm;aMumifh xdcdkufrIrsm; ................................ 16
2-2 usef;rma&;u@wGif MuHKawGU&wwfaom xdckdufcH&vG,frIrsm; ........................... 19 2-3 ydkrdktEÅ&m,fuif;½Sif;aom usef;rma&;pepf jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&; aMumif;usdK;
azmfjycsuf ........................................................................... 22 2-4 aus;vufa'orsm;wGif ydkrdktEÅ&m,fuif;½Sif;aom usef;rma&;pepfrsm; wnfaqmuf&ef
tcGifhtvrf;rsm; ..................................................................... 23 2-5 usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;avsmhyg;a&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Guf&mwGif
MuHKawGU&onfh tcuftcJpdefac:rIrsm; .................................................. 24
tydkif; 3 - obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk usef;rma&;u@wGif xnhfoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&GufykH ........................................................ 26
3-1 usef;rma&;aq;½Hkaq;cef;rsm;wnfaqmuf&mwGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Guf&ef pOf;pm;jcif; .............................. 28
3-2 usef;rma&;aq;½Hkaq;cef;rsm; tm;jznfhjyKjyif&mwGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyfaqmif½Gufjcif; ......................................... 35
3-3 ydkrdktEÅ&m,fuif;½Sif;aom usef;rma&;pepfjzpfap&ef pGrf;aqmif&nf wnfaqmufjcif; ....... 36
3-4 aus;vufusef;rma&;XmetwGuf obm0ab; BudKwifjyifqifa&;ESifh wHkUjyefa&; tpDtpOfrsm;udk jyKpkjcif; .............................................................. 40
3-5 usef;rma&;ESifhqufpyfonfh tjcm;u@rsm;wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhfoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Gufa&; ......................................... 43
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;EdkifajcavQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
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tydkif; 4 - usef;rma&;u@twGuf pGrf;aqmif&nf&SdNyD; ydkrdktEÅ&m,fuif;½Sif;aom ywf0ef;usif zefwD;jcif; .................................................................. 50
4-1 usef;rma&;u@zGHUNzdK;a&;pDrHudef;wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Gufjcif; ..................................................... 51
4-2 ydkrdkab;uif;vHkjcHKaom usef;rma&;XmetaqmufttHkrsm; aqmufvkyfjcif;qdkif&m EdkifiHawmftqifh vrf;nTefcsuf a&;qGJjcif; ............................................... 52
4-3 usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnhfoGif; aygif;pyfaqmif&Guf&ef pnf;½kH;vIHYaqmfjcif; .............................................. 53
4-4 &yf&Gmudk yg0ifaqmif&Gufapjcif; ....................................................... 53
4-5 aus;vufa'owGif tajccHusef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;\ vkyfief;uRrf;usifrI zGHUNzdK;a&; ulnDyhHydk;ay;jcif; ...................................................................... 54
4-6 BudKwifowday;jcif;ESifh wHkUjyefrIpepfrsm;udk vufawGUtokH;csjcif;rsm;tm; jr§ifhwifay;jcif; .... 55
4-7 vkyfief;e,fy,frsm;yg0ifaom uGef&uf wnfaqmufjcif;ESifh tm;aumif;apjcif; ............ 56
aemufqufwGJ 1 - em*pfqdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif; wHkUjyefrIESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifrI tusOf;csKyf .......... 58
aemufqufwGJ 2 - EdkifiHawmftpdk;& usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xmeqdkif&m aemufcHtcsuftvufrsm; ...... 63
aemufqufwGJ 3 - tEÅ&m,fuif;½Sif;aomaq;½Hk jzpfapa&;twGuf ppfaq;&eftcsufrsm;pm&if; ... 66
aemufqufwGJ 4 - ab;uif;vHkjcHKaom aq;½Hkjzpfapa&; pnf;½Hk;vHIUaqmf&mwGif tusdK;pD;yGm; yg0ifywfoufolrsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkU\ tcef;u@ ............................... 83
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;EdkifajcavQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 9 -
pmpkrsm;pm&if;
pmpk - 1 obm0ab;rsm;jzpfyGm;vmygu usef;rma&;taqmufttHkrsm;wGif usa&mufavh&Sdonfh tEÅ&m,frsm; ................................................... 21
pmpk - 2 ]ab;uif;vHkjcHKaom aq;½kHjzpfapa&;} t,ltqoabmw&m; xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&ef tcsufrsm;...................................................... 27
pmpk - 3 rav;&Sm;EdkifiH MERCY Malaysia tzGJU\ obm0ab; cHEkdif&nf½Sdaom aq;½kH'DZdkif;ykHpH ....................................................................... 32
pmpk - 4 ]obm0ab;rsm;rS ab;uif;vHkjcHKaomaq;½kH} qdkonfrSm tb,fenf; ............... 34
pmpk - 5 aq;½kHrsm;twGuf obm0ab; BudKwifjyifqifa&;ESifh wHkYjyefa&; pDrHcsuf a&;qGJa&; t"duvrf;ñTef rlrsm; ..................................................... 41
pmpk - 6 ta&;ay: tajctaewGif a&ESifhywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&; 0efaqmifrIrsm; ta&;ygykH ............................................................................ 44
pmpk - 7 ta&;ay:tajctaersm;ESifh obm0ab;rsm; usa&mufpOf a&ESifhpyfvsOf;í tajccHtnTef;udef;rsm; .............................................................. 46
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 10 -
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 11 -
1-1 &nf½G,fcsuf
]jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc
avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef} \ &nf½G,fcsufrSm atmufygtwdkif;
jzpfygonf/
usef;rma&;u@vkyfief;rsm;wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;
aqmif&Guf&ef ]vdktyfcsuf} udk tav;teuf azmfjy&ef?
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif txl;ojzihf aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc
avQmhcsa&;udk usef;rma&;u@wGif xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Gufa&;twGuf t"du csOf;uyfykH
rsm;udk azmfxkwf&ef? tpdk;&? ukvor*¾tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf;
(tif*sDtdk) rsm;ESifh em*pfrkefwdkif; jyefvnf xlaxmifa&;vkyfief;wGif tjcm;aom yg0ifaqmif&Guf
olrsm;\ aumif;rGefaom vkyfenf;vkyf[efrsm;? qef;opfwDxGifaom csOf;uyfykHrsm;ESifh &&SdchJaom
oifcef;pmrsm;tay: tajccHí aqmif&Guf&ef ?
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif ]ydkrdkab;uif;vHkjcHKaom usef;rma&;pepf} wnfaxmifEdkifa&;twGuf t"du
ta&;ygaom ]xdcdkufcH&vG,frIrsm;ESihf tcGifhtvrf;rsm;} udkazmfxkwf&ef
1-2 OD;wnf&nf½G,folrsm;
]jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc
avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef} udk t"du toHk;jyKolrsm;rSm usef;rma&;
u@ü obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;wGif yg0if
aom usef;rma&; 0efBuD;XmeESifh vlrI0efxrf; u,fq,fa&;ESifh jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&; 0efBuD;Xme
ponfh tpdk;&0efBuD;Xmersm;ESifh OD;pD;Xmersm;jzpfygonf/
ukvor*¾tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? (jynfwGif;ESifh EdkifiHwum) tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf; (tif*sDtdk) rsm;
ESihf jrefrmEdkifiHwGif usef;rma&;pepfudk obm0ab;'Pf ydkrdk cHEdkif&nf&Sdapa&;tm; t"duxm;
aqmif&Gufaeaom tjcm; tzGJUtpnf;rsm;twGufvnf; &nf&G,fygonf/ usef;rma&;u@wGif
obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&;IHEdkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Guf&ef tpdk;&? ukvor*¾
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;u tpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;ESifh vkyfief;tpDtpOf
csrSwfjcif;rsm; jyKvkyf&müvnf; vrf;nTefudk &nfnTef;pmapmifwpf&yftjzpf tokH;jyKEdkifygrnf/
xdkUtjyif þvrf;nGefonf vkyfief;taumiftxnfazmfaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;taejzifh rnfonf
wdkUudk vkyfaqmif&ef vdktyfaMumif;ESifh tvSL&Sifrsm;tm; vufawGUowif;tcsuftvufrsm;
jznfhqnf;ay;jyD; qkH;jzwfcsufcsEdkifa&;twGuf yhHydk;rIvnf; ay;Edkifygrnf/ þodkUjzihf ydkrdk tEÅ&m,f
uif;&Sif;aom usef;rma&;pepfwnfaxmif&ef xda&mufpGm yhHykd;rIay;a&;twGuf &efykHaiG jznfhqnf;
ay;jcif;qkdif&m r[mAsL[mrsm;udk jyKpkazmfxkwfEdkifygrnf/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 12 -
1-3 yg0ifonfhtaMumif;t&m
]jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc
avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef} onf -
usef;rma&;u@wGif taqmufttHkydkif;qdkif&m? taqmufttHkr[kwfaom taMumif;tcsuf
rsm;qdkif&mESifh vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIydkif;qdkif&mwdkUudk avhvmoHk;oyfNyD; obm0ab;aMumifh
qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&; DRR udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Gufjcif;tm; t"duxm;ygonf/
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif em*pfjyefvnfxlaxmifa&;umvtwGif; aqmif&GufchJaom vkyfief;rsm;omru
a'otwGif; tawGUtBuHKrsm;ay:wGif tajccHvsuf usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh
qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&; DRR udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Gufa&;twGuf csOf;uyfykHrsm;udk
tBuHjyKazmfjyygrnf/
NrdKUe,frS aus;&Gmtxd aus;vufESifh aus;vufteD;ywf0ef;usifa'orsm;wGif ydkrdk tEÅ&m,f
uif;&Sif;aom usef;rma&;pepfrsm; wnfaxmifa&;udk t"duxm;azmfjyygrnf/
ydkrdktEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;aom aq;½kHrsm;wnfaqmuf&eftwGuf nTefMum;csufrsm;udk azmfjyxm;rnf
r[kwfyg/ odkU&mwGif aq;½kHaqmufvkyfa&; vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm; a&;qGJjcif;? taumiftxnf
azmfjcif;wdkUwGif xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rnfh t"dutcsufrsm;udk azmfjyxm;ygrnf/
1-4 obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½IH;Ekdifajc avQmhcsa&;qdkif&m a0g[m&rsm;1
ab;tEÅ&m,f Disaster - qdkonfrSm ]]&yf½Gm odkUr[kwf vlUtzGJUtpnf; yHkrSefvnfywfrI
jyif;xefpGm ysufjym;jcif;jzpfNyD; xdcdkufaom &yf½Gm odkUr[kwf vlUtzGJUtpnf;onf udk,fydkif
t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk toHk;jyKí ajz½Sif;Edkifonfh pGrf;&nfxuf ausmfvGefí vlom;qdkif&m?
½kyf0w¬Kypönf;qkdif&m? pD;yGm;a&;ESifh obm0ywf0ef;usif qHk;½HI;rIrsm;ESifh xdcdkufrIrsm;
us,fus,fjyefUjyefU jzpfyGm;ygonf/}}
tEÅ&m,fusa&mufEdkifrI Risk - xdef;csKyfjcif;rjyKEdkifaom tEÅ&m,frsm;ESifh aumif;pGm xdef;csKyfEdkif
aom tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,frIrsm;? pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm; qHkawGU&mrS xGufay:vmjcif; jzpfyg
onf/
ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh qHk;½IH;Edkifajc Disaster Risk - owfrSwfxm;aom tem*wfumvwpfck
wGif &yf½Gm odkUr[kwf vlUtzGJUtpnf;wpfckwGif ab;tEÅ&m,f usa&mufjcif;aMumifh
jzpfyGm;vmEdkifaom b0aexdkifrIrsm;? usef;rma&;tqifhtwef;? toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;b
vrsm;? ydkifqkdifrI rsm;ESifh 0efaqmifrIrsm; qHk;½HI;rIjzpfonf/
xdcdkufcH&vG,frI Vulnerability - tEÅ&m,faMumifh &yf½Gm? pepf odkUr[kwf ydkifqkdifrI wpfckwGif
xdcdkufEdkifaom oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;ESifh tajctaersm;jzpfonf/ jzpfyGm;EdkifaMumif; od½Sdxm;
aom tEÅ&m,frsm;rS pmoifausmif;udk umuG,frxm;bJ tEÅ&m,fjzpfyGm;vmygu jzpfyGm;csdef
wm;qD;umuG,fa&;Xme 0ufbfqdkuf - http://www.preventionweb.net/english/professional/terminology/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 13 -
wGif xdcdkufysufpD;EkdifvQif ] xdcdkufcH&vG,frI } odkUr[kwf ]ckcHEkdifpGrf;enf;yg;rI} &Sdonf[k qdkyg
onf/
BudKwifjyifqifjcif; Preparedness - BudKwifjyifqifjcif;qkdonfrSm jzpfEkdifajc½Sdaom? jzpftHhqJqJ
odkUr[kwf vuf½SdjzpfyGm;aeaom tEÅ&m,frsm; odkUr[kwf tajctaersm;aMumifh xdcdkufrIrsm;udk
xda&mufpGm BudKwifcefUrSef;a&;? wkHUjyefa&;ESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;twGuf tpdk;&rsm;?
ynm&yfydkif; wHkUjyefvkyfief;aqmif½Gufa&;ESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? &yf½Gmrsm;
ESifh vlwpfOD;csif;u zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufap&ef wnfaqmufxm;aom todynmESifh pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;
jzpfygonf/
xdcdkufrIavsmhenf;apjcif; Mitigation - tEÅ&m,frsm;ESifh qufpyf ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;\ qdk;0g;
aom oufa&mufrIrsm;udk avsmhenf;apjcif; odkUr[kwf uefUowfjcif; vkyfief;pOf jzpfygonf/
wkHYjyefjcif; Response - wHkYjyefjcif;qdkonfrSm ab;tEÅ&m,f jzpfyGm;aepOf odkUr[kwf jzpfyGm;NyD;
vQif NyD;csif; toufu,f&ef? usef;rma&; xdcdkufrIrsm;udk avQmhcs&ef? trsm;jynfol tEÅ&m,f
uif;½Sif;a&; aqmif½Guf&efESifh ab;'Pfoifhjynfolrsm;\ tajccH toufarG;0rf;ausmif;
vdktyfcsufrsm;udk jznfhqnf;ay;&ef ta&;ay:0efaqmifrIrsm;ESifh trsm;jynfol\tultnDrsm;
yHhydk;ay;jcif; jzpfonf/
jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif; Recovery - ab;tEÅ&m,fusa&mufEdkifrI taMumif;tcsufrsm;udk
avsmhenf;usqif;apjcif; tygt0if ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh xdcdkufaom &yf½Gmrsm;\ ypönf;
ud&d,m taqmufttHkrsm;? toufarG;0rf;ausmif; vkyfief;rsm;ESifh b0aexdkifrI tajctae
rsm;udk jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;ESifh oifhawmfaomae&mrsm;wGif wdk;wufaumif;rGefapjcif;
jzpfonf/
obm0ab; avQmhcsa&; Disaster Risk Reduction - obm0ab; avQmhcsa&;onf
ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfay:apaom taMumif;rsm;udk qef;ppfavhvmNyD; xddef;csKyfEdkif&ef pepfwus
BudK;yrf;aqmif½Gufjcif;jzifh ab;tEÅ&m,f usa&mufEkdifrIrsm;udk avQmhcsonfh t,ltq
oabmw&m;ESifh vkyfenf;vkyf[efjzpfonf/ tEÅ&m,frsm;ESifh xdawGUEdkifrI avQmhcs jcif;?
vltrsm;ESifh ydkifqkdifypönf;rsm; xdcdkufvG,frI^umuG,fEdkifpGrf;enf;yg;rIudk avsmhenf;apjcif;?
ajrESifh obm0ywf0ef;usifudk tajrmftjrif½SdpGm pDrHcefUcGJjcif;? xdcdkufaom jzpf&yfrsm;twGuf
ydkrdk aumif;rGefpGm BudKwifjyifqifjcif;wdkU yg0ifonf/
taqmufttHkudk tm;jznfhjyifqifjcif; Retrofitting - vuf½SdtaqmufttHkrsm;udk tEÅ&m,f
rsm;aMumifh xdcdkufrItm; cHEdkif&nf½Sd&efESifh rxdcdkufap&ef tm;jznfhjcif; odkUr[kwf tqifhjr§ifhwif
jcif; jzpfonf/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 14 -
aygif;pnf;xnfhoGif; aqmif½Gufjcif; Mainstreaming - obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc
avQmhcsa&; e,fy,fwGif xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufjcif;qdkonfrSm vlUtzGJUtpnf;twGif;
tEÅ&m,fuif;½Sif;aom ywf0ef;usifudk jyKpkysdK;axmifEdkif&ef arQmfvifhvsuf zGHUNzdK;a&;rS tpjyKí
ynma&;? pdkufysdK;a&;txd bmom&yfe,fy,f toD;oD;wGif tEÅ&m,fjzpfyGm;EkdifrI avQmhcsa&;
t,ltqrsm;ESifh em;vnfoabmaygufrIrsm;udk aygif;pnf;xnfhoGif;aom vkyfenf;vkyf[efudk
&nfñTef;onfh r[mAsL[mjzpfonf/ þuJhodkY xnfhoGif;aygif;pyfaqmif½Gufjcif;wGif rl0g'
a&;qGJjcif;? okawoejyKvkyfjcif;? pnf;½Hk;vHIUaqmfjcif;? Oya'jyKjcif;? t&if;tjrpfrsm; cGJa0
owfrSwfay;jcif;ESifh vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;? pDrHcsufrsm; pDpOfa&;qGJjcif;? vkyfief;pdrHcsufrsm;
taumiftxnfazmfjcif;ESifh apmifhMunfhppfaq;jcif;ponfh vkyfief;rsm;tm;vHk;wGif obm0ab;
avQmhcsa&;qdkif&m ½IjrifyHkrsm;udk A[dktcsuftcsmae&mrS yg0ifapa&; vkyfaqmifjcif; jzpfonf/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 15 -
½
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 16 -
2-1 usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab; tEÅ&m,frsm;aMumifh xdcdkufrIrsm;
obm0ab;rsm;udk ]&yf&GmodkUr[kwf vlUtzGJUtpnf;onf udk,fydkift&if;tjrpfrsm;udk tokH;jyKvsuf
ajz&Sif; aqmif&GufEdkifpGrf;xuf ausmfvGefaom us,fjyefUonfh vlom;qkdif&m? ½kyf0w¬Kypönf;qdkif&m?
pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m odkUr[kwf obm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m qkH;½IH;rIrsm;ESifh xdcdkufrIrsm; jzpfapaom
&yf&Gm odkUr[kwf vlUtzGJUtpnf;\ vkyfief;vnfywfaqmif&GufrIudk jyif;xefpGm xdcdkufysufjym;
apjcif;} [k t"dyÜm,f azmfjyygonf/ obm0ab;rsm;tm;vkH;onf usef;rma&; taqmufttHkrsm;
odkUr[kwf Xmersm;udk ysufpD;apjcif; odkUr[kwf usef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;twGuf tEÅ&m,fjzpfapjcif;
aMumifh wdkuf½dkuf oufqdkifrI&Sdonfjzpfap? r&Sdonfjzpfap usef;rma&;qdkif&m pdk;&drfylyefrIrsm;udk
jzpfyGm;apygonf/ e,fajra'otwGif;wGif pm;eyf&du©mxkwfvkyfrI jywfawmufNyD; o,f,l
ydkUaqmifa&;cufcJEkdifjcif;? vrf;rsm;rSm tysuftpD;rsm; ydwfqdkUaeojzifh a0;vHaom a'orsm;odkU
tpm;tpmtultnDay;ydkU&ef cufcJjcif;wdkUaMumifh xdcdkufaom&yf&Gmrsm;twGuf tm[m&jynfh0rI
qdkif&m pdk;&drfylyefrIrsm;vnf; jrifhrm;ygonf/ tvm;wl a&m*grsm;onf uyfa&m*g toGifjzihf jzpfyGm;
vmrnfhtEÅ&m,f BuD;rm;NyD; 'kwd,tqifh ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; jyif;xefpGm jzpfyGm;vmEdkifjcif;aMumifh
oefU&Sif;aoma& &&Sda&;ESifh usef;rma&;ESifh nDnGwfaom ywf0ef;usif oefU&Sif;a&; tavhtusifhrsm;
usifhokH;a&;wdkUudk txl;OD;pm;ay; usef;rma&; udpö&yfrsm;tjzpf aqmif&Guf&ef jzpfygonf/ csufcsif;
u,fq,fa&;ESifh wHkUjyefa&;tqifhwGif pepfwus usef;rma&;jyKpkapmihfa&SmufrI aqmif&Gufay;jcif;
r&Sdygu jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; vkyfief;pOf aESmifhaES; MuefYMumwwfygonf/
wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif aq;½kHtaqmufttHkrsm;wGif xdcdkufysufpD;rI &Sdygu aq;½kH&Sd vlemrsm;ESifh
0efxrf;rsm; tm;vkH;twGuf BuD;rm;aomtEÅ&m,fjzpfapygonf/ xdcdkuf'Pf&m &&Sdolrsm;tm;
ta&;ay:0efaqmifrIrsm; jznfhqnf;ay;&ef e,fajrcHusef;rma&;tmPmydkif\ pGrf;aqmif&nfudk
avsmhenf;usqif;apygonf/ þodkUjzifh aemiftcg obm0ab;jzpfyGm;aomtcg aq;½kHrsm; ydkrdk
tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;ap&efESifh trsm;jynfol tEÅ&m,f uif;&Sif;a&;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGif
obm0ab;avsmhyg;ap&ef &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHjcif;jzifh taxGaxG usef;rma&;pepfrsm; ydkrdk tm;aumif;
vmNyD; rnfonfhobmab; usa&mufonfjzpfap ydkrdkvQifjrefpGm jyefvnfxlaxmifEdkif&ef
taxmuftul jyKygrnf/
xdkUtjyif obm0ab;aMumifh usef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm; toufqkH;½IH;jcif;? xdckduf'Pf&m&jcif;rsm;
jzpfyGm;ygu ta&;ay:tajctaewGif 0efaqmifrIrsm; jznfhqnf;ay;&mü rsm;pGm xdckdufygrnf/
vlOD;a&trsm;tjym;udk usef;rma&;0efxrf; tenf;i,fu wm0ef,l&aom zGHUNzdK;qJEdkifiHrsm;ESifh
zGHUNzdK;rIenf;yg;aom EdkifiHrsm;&Sd aus;vufa'orsm;wGif xdcdkufrI ydkrdkrsm;jym;ygrnf/ uRrf;usifaom
vlom;t&if;tjrpfrsm; qkH;½IH;ygu tpm;xdk;&ef tcsdef,l&rnfjzpfNyD; 0efxrf;tiftm; jyefvnf
jznfhwnf;&eftwGuf aiGaMu; t&if;tESD;vnf; trsm;tjym; vdktyfygrnf/ xdkUaMumifh ydkrdk
tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;aom usef;rma&;taqmufttHkrsm; wnfaqmufonfhtcsdefwGif pGrf;aqmif&nf
wnfaqmufjcif;ESifh usef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;\ odjrifem;vnfrI jr§ifhwifjcif;wdkYudk wpfygwnf;
aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh BudKwifjyifqifrIESifh Edk;Mum;rI ½SdvmNyD; wefzdk;&Sdaom vlUtoufrsm;udk u,fq,f
Edkifygrnf/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 17 -
2-1-1 jrefrmEdkifiHwGif jzpfyGm;aom obm0ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif ivsifvIyfjcif;? qlemrDa&vIdif;jzpfay:jcif;? qdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif; wdkufcwfjcif;?
rkefwdkif;'Da&wufjcif;? a&vTrf;rdk;jcif;? rD;avmifjcif;? ajrNydKjcif;? awmrD;avmifjcif;ESifh rdk;acgifa&&Sm;
jcif;wdkU tygt0if obm0ab; tEÅ&m,ftrsKd;rsKd; jzpfyGm;avh&Sdygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiH urf;½dk;wef;
e,fajra'orsm;rSm qdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif;rsm;? rkefwdkif;'Da&wufjcif;rsm;? qlemrDa&vIdif;rsm; jzpfyGm;avh
&SdNyD; EdkifiH\ tpdwftydkif;trsm;tjym;rSm ivsifvIyfjcif;ESifh rD;avmifjcif;wdkU jzpfyGm;rnfh tEÅ&m,f
&Sdygonf/ rkd;&Gmjcif;aMumifh a&vTrf;rdk;jcif;rSm EdkifiHwpf0ef; rMumcP jzpfyGm;avh&Sdygonf/ EdkifiH
\ awmifay:a'orsm;rSm ajrNydKjcif;rsm; jzpfEkdifygonf/ tv,fydkif;a'orsm;rSm rdk;acgifa&&Sm;rI
MuHKawGU&wwfygonf/
2-1-2 em*pfqdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif;ESifh rkefwdkif;aMumifhxdcdkufrIrsm;
em*pfrkefwdkif;onf tqihf(3)&Sdaom qdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif;jzpfNyD; (2008)ckESpf? arv (2)&ufESifh
(3)&ufwdkUwGif jrefrmEdkifiHodkU 0ifa&mufwdkufcwfchJygonf/ &efukefNrdKU taemufawmifbuf
uDvdkrDwm(250)cefUtuGm {&m0wDwdkif;wGif ukef;wGif;ydkif;odkU pwif0ifa&mufcJhygonf/ rkefwdkif;
\ avwdkufcwfrIEIef;rSm wpfem&DvQif uDvdkrDwm (200) txd&SdNyD; rdk;onf;xefpGm &GmoGef; ygonf/
jrpf0uRef;ay:a'owGif xdckdufysufpD;rI tjyif;xefqkH; jzpfygonf/ avjyif;wdkufjcif;ESifh rkefwdkif;'Da&
(12)ay^ (3.6)rDwmtxd wufjcif;aMumifh xdcdkufysufpD;rI ydkrdkrsm;jym;ygonf/ toufqkH;½IH;ol
(84,537)OD; &SdNyD; (53,836)OD; aysmufqkH;í ydkifqdkifypönf; xdckdufysufpD;rI wefzdk; tar&duefa':vm
(4.1)bDvD,HcefU ½SdchJygonf/ avab;oifh NrdKUe,frsm;wGif aexkdifMuaom vlOD;a& (7.35)oef;cefU
teuf jyif;xefpGm xdcdkuf'Pf&m½Sdol (2.4) oef;cefU ½Sdygonf/ {&m0wDwdkif;ESifh
&efukefwdkif;wdkUwGif NrdKUe,f (37) NrdKUe,fü xdcdkufysufpD;rI rsm;jym;chJygonf/
2-1-3 em*pfrkefwdkif;aMumifh usef;rma&;u@wGif jzpfyGm;aomxdcdkufrIESifhqkH;½IH;rI
em*pfqdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif;aMumihf {&m0wDwdkif;twGif; usef;rma&;u@wGif xdckdufysufpD;rI
rsm;jym;chJygonf/ em*pfqdkifuvkef;rwdkufcwfrDtcsdefu ckwif (100)? ckwif (50) ESifh (16) ckwifqhH
aq;½kHrsm;? wdkif;a'oBuD;^a'ocGJtqifh usef;rma&;Xmersm;ESifh aq;ynm oifwef;ausmif;rsm;
tygt0if usef;rma&;Xme (1,217) ck &Sdygonf/ 2 ,if;wdkUwGif em*pfrkefwdkif; vGefumv yl;wGJ
tuJjzwfrI (PONJA) tpD&ifcHpmt& xdckdufaom NrdKUe,frsm;&Sd usef;rma&;Xme (75%)rSm
xdcdkufysufpD;chJygonf/ xdcdkufysufpD;rItrsm;pkrSm jrpf0uRef;ay: atmufydkif;wGif jzpfyGm;chJygonf/
ysufpD;oGm;aom taqmufttHkrsm; tm;vkH;vdkvdkonf tajcpdkufaq;cef;rsm;? aus;vufusef;rma&;
Xmersm;ESifh XmecGJrsm; tygt0if tajccHusef;rma&; taqmufttHkrsm; jzpfygonf/ aiGaMu;yrmP
tm;jzifh ,if;taqmufttHkrsm;\ xdckdufysufpD;rI wefzdk;rSm NrdKUMuD;rsm;&Sd aq;½kHrsm;wGif jzpfyGm;aom
xdckdufysufpD;rI yrmPavmuf rrsm;jym;aomfvnf; aus;vufjynfol vlxktaejzifh usef;rma&;
0efaqmifrIrsm; &,ltokH;jyKEdkifrItay:wGif rsm;pGm xdcdkufrI&Sdygonf/
Myanmar Live After Nargis (2009) Chachavalpongpun and Thuzar .
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 18 -
usef;rma&;u@wGif pkpkaygif;xdcdkuf ysufpD;rIESifh qkH;½IH;rI usyf (19) bDvD,HcefU&Sdonf[k cefUrSef;
ygonf/ xdckdufysufpD;rI\ (3)ykH (2)ykHcefUrSm jynfolydkifu@wGif jzpfNyD;? (3)ykH (1)ykHrSm yk*¾vdu
u@wGif jzpfygonf/ usef;rma&;0efaqmifrI jznfhqnf;ay;jcif; txl;ojzihf umuG,faq;xdk;
jcif;ESifh ul;pufa&m*grsm;ukojcif;? usef;rma&;jyKpkapmihfa&SmufrI 0efaqmifrIrsm;? rD;zGm;jcif;twGuf
usef;rma&; jyKpkapmifha&SmufrI 0efaqmifrIrsm;ESifh aq;0g;rsm; &&SdEdkifrIvnf; ododomom
usqif;chJygonf/
PONJA wGif ppfwrf;aumuf,lchJaom tdrfaxmifpk (65%) ausmfwdkUu (2008)ckESpf? ZGefv
tapmydkif;wGif tdrfaxmifpk0ifrsm;tMum;ü usef;rma&;jyóemrsm; jzpfyGm;cJhonf[k qdkygonf/
trsm;qkH; jzpfyGm;aom a&m*grsm;rSm tat;rdjcif; (39%)? zsm;emjcif; (37%)ESifh 0rf;ysuf
0rf;avQmjcif; (34%) wdkU jzpfygonf/ ppfwrf;aumuf,lcJhaom tdrfaxmifpkrsm;teuf (23%) u
rkefwdkif;aMumihf tdrfaxmifpk0ifrsm;tMum; pdwfusef;rma&; jyóemrsm; jzpfyGm;onf[k qdkygonf/
xdkodkYjzpfyGm;rIrSm NrdKUe,fwpfckESifhwpfck uGJjym;jcm;em;NyD; &mckdifEIef;tm;jzifh (6%)rS (51%)txd
&Sdygonf/
aetdrfrsm;ESifhtwl ywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&; tpDtrHrsm;vnf; ysufpD;oGm;jcif;aMumifh wGif;tdrfom
tokH;jyKaom tdrfaxmifpktcsKd;tpm;rSm (77%)rS (60%)odkU usqif; oGm;ygonf/ xkdUaMumifh
tpmtdrftlvrf;aMumif;a&m*grsm; wdk;yGm;vmrnfh tEÅ&m,f&Sdonf[k ,lqygonf/ uGif;jyifwGif
tnpftaMu;pGefUjcif;? a&ay:tdrfomrsm; tokH;jyKjcif;? tdrfomusif;wl;í tokH;jyKjcif;uhJodkUaom
ywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&;ESifh rnDñGwfonfh tnpftaMu;pGefUaom tavhtusihfrsm;rSm (23%)rS
(40%)txd wdk;jrifhchJygonf/ a&ay:tdrfomrsm; tokH;jyKrIrSm (3%)rS (7%)txd jrifhwufchJyg
onf/ jrpfa&udk aomufa&tjzpf tokH;jyKrIvnf; rsm;jym;vmNyD; qyfjymtokH;jyKrI enf;yg;jcif;
aMumihf (2008)ckESpf? ZGefv aemufydkif;wGif usef;rma&;qdkif&m pdk;&drfylyefzG,f&m txl;ojzifh
jzpfay:chJygonf/ (2008)ckESpf? atmufwdkbmvESifh Edk0ifbmvwGif ppfwrf;aumuf,lchJaom
em*pfrkefwdkif;vGef umvydkif;tvdkuf qef;ppfokH;oyfcsuf trSwfpOf(1) t& tcsKdUaom
NrdKUe,frsm;wGif uav;oli,frsm; 0rf;ysuf0rf;avQm jzpfyGm;aMumif; awGU&Sd&NyD; jzpfyGm;rIEIef;rSm
e,fajra'otvdkuf rsm;pGmuGJjym;jcm;em;ygonf/ tzsm;a&m*g jzpfyGm;rI rsm;rSmrl tcsKdUa'orsm;wGif
trsm;tjym; pkí jzpfyGm;ygonf/ odkU&mwGif em*pfrkefwdkif;aMumifh xdcdkufaom e,fajra'orsm;ü
usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xme\ OD;aqmifrIjzihf oufqdkifaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tm;vkH;u tvsiftjref
BudK;yrf;tm;xkwf aqmif&GufchJjcif;aMumifh a&rSwqifh ul;pufjyefUyGm;aom a&m*grsm;udk uyfa&m*g
tqihf rjzpfyGm;ap&eftwGuf atmifjrifpGm wm;qD;EkdifchJygonf/
a,bk,stm;jzihf &efukefwdkif;ESifh {&m0wDwdkif;wdkUwGif usef;rma&;u@ xdcdkufqkH;½IH;rI cefUrSef;csuf
rsm;udk atmufazmfjyygZ,m; 1-1 wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 19 -
Z,m; 1-1 &efukefwdkif;ESifh {&m0wDwdkif;wdkUwGif usef;rma&;u@xdcdkufqkH;½IH;rIcefUrSef;csufrsm;
jynfolydkif
(usyfoef;aygif;)
yk*¾vdu
(usyfoef;aygif;)
pkpkaygif;
(usyfoef;aygif;)
xdcdkufrI 11,545 1,236 12,781
qkH;½IH;rI 1,141 4,971 6,113
xdcdkufrIESifhqkH;½IH;rI 12,686 6,208 18,894
&nfnTef;csuf - PONJA
2-2 usef;rma&;u@wGif MuHKawGU&wwfaom xdcdkufcH&vG,frIrsm;
usef;rma&;u@wGif xdckdufrIESifh qkH;½IH;rIrSm taMumif;tcsufwpfckwnf;aMumifh r[kwfbJ
taMumif;tcsuf trsm;tjym;aMumifh jzpfyGm;EdkifNyD; t"dutaMumif;tcsufrsm;rSm atmufygwdkU
jzpfygonf/
usef;rma&;Xme taqmufttHkrsm; rwnfaqmufrDtcsdefwGif wnfaqmufrnfhae&mudk
BudKwifí tuJjzwf okH;oyfjcif;
a,bk,stm;jzihf jrefrmEdkifiHwGif usef;rma&;Xme taqmufttHkrsm; wnfaqmufrnfhae&mudk
tuJjzwfcsufjyKvkyfonfh tavhtx enf;yg;ygonf/ xdkaMumifh tpDtpOfa&;qGJ&mü
wnfaqmufrnfh ae&m\ obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh ab;tEÅ&m,f usa&mufEdkifrIrsm;udk rsm;pGm
xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;Ekdifjcif; r&Sdyg/ azmfxkwf&½Sdaom taMumif;&if;rsm;rSm bwf*suf tuefUtowf
&Sdjcif;? obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh obm0ab;aMumihf qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;qdkif&m udpö&yfrsm;?
¤if;wdkU\tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;udk em;vnfoabmaygufrI enf;yg;jcif;wdkU jzpfygonf/ tusKd;quf
tm;jzifh e,fajra'ow0dkufwGif jzpfyGm;Edkifaom ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;taMumif; rod&SdMubJ
usef;rma&;taqmufttHk 'DZdkif;ykHpHxkwf&mwGif ab;tEÅ&m,f cHEdkif&nf&Sdaprnfh oGifjyif
vu©Pmrsm; wpfygwnf; xnhfoGif;Edkifonfh tcGifhtvrf;udkyg vufvGwfqHk;½HI; &ygonf/
aus;vufa'orsm;wGif aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;topfwpf&yf taumiftxnfazmfrnfqdkygu
obm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m oufa&mufrIudk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&ef txl;ta&;BuD;ygonf/
aus;vufa'orsm;rSm vlOD;a&xlxyfaom NrdKUjye,fajra'orsm;ESifh rwlnDbJ uGif;jyif
ae&mvGwf trsm;tjym;&SdNyD; ESpfouf&mae&mudk a&G;cs,fEdkifygonf/ odkU&mwGif obm0
ywf0ef;usifESifh ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;tMum; odrfarGUaom [efcsufnDrIudk rxdcdkufapa&; owdjyK
&ef vdktyfygonf/ umuG,fapmifha&Smufxm;aom opfawme,fajra'orsm;wGif wnfaqmuf
jcif; okdUr[kwf ordkif;wpfavQmuf ,cifu tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,fchJaomfvnf; pepfwus
rSwfwrf;rxm;&Sdaom ae&mwGif aqmufvkyfjcif;rsm;aMumifh xdckdufysufpD;rI rsm;jym; Edkifygonf/
xdkaMumifh aqmufvkyfrnfhae&mudk pepfwus tuJjzwfNyD; aus;vuf jynfolvlxktwGuf
ydkrdktEÅ&m,f uif;&Sif;aom jyKpkapmifha&SmufrI? 0efaqmifrIrsm; jznfhqnf;ay;&ef &nfoeffí
usef;rma&;taqmufttHkrsm; wnfaqmuf&mwGif aqmufvkyfrnfhae&mtm; pepfwus
tuJjzwfcsufudk rjzpfrae xnfhoGif;aqmif&Gufoifhygonf/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 20 -
ab;tEÅ&m,fcHEdkif&nf&Sdaom taqmufttHk 'DZkdif;ykHpHrsm;udk toHk;jyKjcif;
usef;rma&;Xme taqmufttHkrsm;tm; rlvaqmufvkyfpOfuyif ab;tEÅ&m,ftrsKd;rsKd;udk
cHEdkif&nf&Sdonfh aqmufvkyfa&; pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;udk pepfwus rusihfokH;aomtcgwGif
taqmufttHkydkif; cdkifrmrIudk xdcdkufrnfjzpfygonf/ þodkUjzihf taqmufttHkrsm;rSm
obm0ab;rsm;'Pfukd rcHEdkifbJ jzpfwwfygonf/ ,if;pHcsdefpHnTef; oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;twdkif;
xnhfoGif;wnfaqmufygu ukefusp&dwfrSm ododomom rsm;jym;vmvdrfhrnf[k rSm;,Gif;,lq
jcif;rsm;vnf; wpfcgwpf&Hxuf &Sdygonf/ pifppf þuJhodkUowdjyKwnfaqmufjcif;ESifh ykHrSefjyKjyif
xdef;odrf;jcif;udk wGJzufaqmif&Gufygu obm0ab; usa&mufNyD;aemuf taqmufttHkrsm;
tm; jyifqifp&dwf? jyefvnf aqmufvkyf&aom p&dwfrsm;xuf rsm;pGmydkí oufomEdkifygonf/
xkdUtjyif e,fajra'otwGif; xGuf&Sdaom opf? tkwf odkUr[kwf oJESifh ausmufp&pfwdkUudk
t*Fawtpm; tokH;jyKjcif; uJhodkUaom e,fajra'owGif;rS t&nftaoG;jrifhrm;aom ypönf;rsm;
udk tokH;jyKjcif;ESifh e,fajra'owGif;rS tvkyform;rsm;udk ac:,ltokH;jyKjcif;jzifh o,f,l
ydkUaqmifa&; ukefusp&dwfrsm; ododomom avsmhenf; usqif;oGm;NyD; pkpkaygif; ukefusp&dwfrsm;
ydkrdk avsmhenf;oGm;Edkifygonf/ xkdUaMumifh ,if;odkUaom obm0ab;'Pf cHEdkif&nf&Sdonfh 'DZdkif;
ykHpHrsm;udk wnfaqmufjcif;\ pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;udk vltrsm; od&Sdap&eftwGuf
owif;jzefUjzL;ay;&ef vdktyfygonf/ usef;rma&;Xme taqmufttHkrsm; aqmufvkyf&mwGif
obm0ab; cHEdkif&nf&Sdaom 'DZdkif;ykHpHrsm;udk tokH;jyKa&;twGuf qkH;jzwfcsufcsrSwfolrsm;xHrS
axmufcHrIrsm;&&Sd&efvnf; vdktyfygonf/
aq;½kHrsm;twGuf obm0ab;BudKwifjyifqifa&; tpDtpOfrsm;
&efukefaq;½kHBuD;uhJodkUaom aq;½kHBuD;rsm;rSvGJí aus;vufusef;rma&;Xmersm;wGif obm0ab;
twGuf BudKwifjyifqifrI&Sda&; tpDtpOfa&;qGJonfh tavhtx enf;yg;ygonf/ usef;rma&;
XmerSm rnfrQyifao;i,fapumrl BudKwifjyifqifonfh tpDtpOfxm;&Sdygu obm0ab;
jzpfyGm;NyD;aemuf vGefpGm½IyfaxG;aeaom tcsdefrSmyif z½dkz&JjzpfrI avsmhenf;usqif;oGm;NyD;
pepfwus aqmif&GufEdkifrnfjzpfygonf/ xdkUtjyif usef;rma&;jyKpkapmifha&Smuf&ef vdktyfcsuf
BuD;rm;aeaom tcsdefwGif usef;rma&;jyKpkapmifha&Smufonfh 0efaqmifrIrsm; jywfawmufrI
tenf;yg;qkH; jzpfygrnf/
obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;qdkif&m udpö&yfrsm;udk odjrifem;vnfrI
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xmeonf vlrI0efxrf; u,fq,fa&;ESifh jyefvnfae&m csxm;
a&; 0efBuD;XmeESifh yl;aygif;í obm0ab;avsmhyg;a&;qdkif&m oifwef;rsm;udk 0efxrf;rsm;tm;
ydkUcsvsuf &Sdaomfvnf; ,if;oifwef;tpDtpOfrsm;wGif wufa&mufMuol trsm;pkrSm trsKd;om;
tqifh 0efxrf;rsm; jzpfygonf/ jynfe,f?wdkif;a'oMuD;ESifh jrdKUe,ftqifh&Sd usef;rma&;Xmersm;
rSm obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;qdkif&m taMumif;t&me,fy,fudk &if;ESD;
uRrf;0ifrI enf;yg;ygonf/ &v'ftm;jzihf ¤if;wkdU\ aeUpOf ykHrSefvkyfief;rsm;wGif obm0ab;
aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Gufaejcif; r&Sdyg/ ydkrdk tEÅ&m,f
uif;&Sif;aom usef;rma&;Xmersm;jzpfygu usef;rma&;jyKpk apmifha&SmufrI? 0efaqmifrIrsm; ydkrdkí
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 21 -
aqmif&GufEdkifrnf[lonfh qufpyfrIudk owdrrlrdbJ &SdMuygonf/ obm0ab;rsm; jzpfyGm; onfh
tcsdefumvrsm;wGif e,fajrcHusef;rma&; t&m&Sdrsm;rSm obm0ab;aMumifh xdckdufcH&aom
&yf&Gmrsm;ESifh OD;pGmxdawGUMu&ygonf/ xdkUaMumifh NrdKUe,fusef;rma&;t&m&Sdrsm;tm; obm0ab;
aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;ESifhpyfvsOf;í odjrifem;vnfrI jr§ifhwifjcif;jzifh &yf&Gmrsm;twGuf
wefzdk;rjzwfEdkifaom tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm; &&SdEdkifygonf/
pmpk - 1
ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;jzpfyGm;vmygu usef;rma&;taqmufttHkrsm;wGif usa&mufavh&Sdonfh tEÅ&m,frsm;
1/ taqmufttHkrsm; - aq;½kHrsm;\ obm0ab;'Pf cHEdkifpGrf;onf taqmufttHkrsm;\
wnfae&mESifh owfrSwfcsufrsm; txl;ojzifh 'DZdkif;ESifhywfoufonfh owfrSwfcsufrsm;? tokH;jyKaom
ypönf;rsm;\ cHEdkif&nf&SdrIESifh ½kyfydkif;qdkif&m xdcdkufcH&vG,frIwdkUtay: rlwnfygonf/ ao;i,faom
tpdwftydkif;yifjzpfapumrl taqmufttHkydkif; odkUr[kwf Adokumydkif; tpdwftydkif;wpfckck NydKusjcif;
odkUr[kwf usKd;yhJjcif; jzpfyGm;ygu aiGaMu;ukefusp&dwfrsm;? vlrsm;twGuf xdckdufqkH;½IH;rIrsm;
jzpfyGm;Edkifygonf/
2/ vlemrsm; - usef;rma&;Xmersm;onf aeUpOf (24)em&D zGifhvSpfí 0efaqmifrI ay;Edkifaom pGrf;&nf\
(50%)rQ vkyfief;aqmif&Guf&avh&Sdygonf/ obm0ab; wpfpkHwpf&m usa&mufygu vlem
ta&twGuf wdk;yGm;vmNyD; ¤if;wdkU\ xdcdkufcH&vG,frItqifhvnf; jrifhrm;vmygrnf/ ykHrSefaq;0g;
ukorIvdktyfcsufESifh ta&;ay:tajctaeaMumifh ay:aygufvmaom vdktyfcsufwdkUudk jynfhrDatmif
raqmif&GufEkdifaomaMumifh apmifhqdkif;ae&aom vlemrsm;vnf; ydkrkdrsm;jym;vmygrnf/ aq;½kH aq;cef;
taqmufttHkrsm; xdcdkufysufpD;jcif;? tcsdKUtydkif;rsm;udk tEÅ&m,fuif;&modkU ajymif;a&TUxm;&jcif;
odkUr[kwf ysufpD;aejcif;wdkUaMumifh vlemrsm;tm; 0efaqmifrIay;&mwGif avsmhenf;usqif;jcif;
udkvnf; &ifqdkifMu&ygonf/
3/ aq;½kH&Sdukwifrsm; - obm0ab;usa&mufNyD;aemuf xdckduf'Pf&m&½Sdvmaom ta&;ay:vlem
rsm;jym;NyD; aq;½kHwGif ukwifvGwf ykdrdkenf;yg;vmygrnf/
4/ aq;0g;ukorIESifh yhHydk;rI 0efxrf;rsm; - aq;0g;ukorI odkUr[kwf yhHydk;rIay;aom 0efxrf;rsm; qkH;½IH;&
jcif;aMumifh xdcdkuf'Pf&m&olrsm;udk jyKpkapmihfa&Smuf&mwGif t[efYtwm;rsm;pGm jzpfyGm;aMumif;
azmfjy&efyif vdkrnfr[kwfyg/ wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif wHkUjyefEdkifrIpGrf;&nf rqkH;½IH;ap&ef jyifyrS
aq;0efxrf;rsm;udk acwå,m,D tokH;jyK&ygrnf/ þodkUjzifh pD;yGm;a&; 0efxkyf0efydk; ydkrdkrsm;jym; vmyg
rnf/ wpfcgwpf&H txl;uk q&m0efwpfOD; toufqkH;½IH;&ygu EdkifiHtwGuf obm0ab;aMumifh
jzpfyGm;onfh enf;ynmqdkif&m xdckdufrI rsm;jym;Edkifygonf/
5/ ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;ESifh taqmufttHkrsm; - wpfcgwpf&H taqmufttHkydkif;r[kwfaom tpdwftydkif;
rsm; (Oyrm- ypönf;ud&d,m? y&dabm*? Adokumydkif; oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;ESifh aq;0g;ypönf;rsm;)
xdckdufysufpD;jcif;onf tvGefrsm;jym;NyD; taqmufttHkydkif; xdckdufysufpD;rI ukefusp&dwfxuf
ausmfvGefEkdifygonf/ xdcdkufysufpD;rIrSm aiGaMu;yrmPtm;jzifh rrsm;jym;onhfwdkif aq;½kHydwf&onf
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 22 -
txd jzpfEkdifygonf/
6/ r½Sdrjzpf vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh 0efaqmifrIrsm; - aq;½kHrsm;onf vkyfief;aqmif&GufEdkif&eftwGuf t"du
ta&;ygaom 0efaqmifrIrsm;ESifh tjcm;tajccH0efaqmifrIrsm;udk tm;udk;tm;xm; jyK&ygonf/ Oyrm-
vQyfppf"mwftm;? a&ESifh ywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&;? qufoG,fa&;vrf;aMumif;rsm;? qufoG,fa&;?
pGefUypfypönf; pDrHcefUcGJjcif;ESifh pGefUypfjcif;wdkU jzpfygonf/ usef;rma&;Xmersm; tm;vkH;wGif jyifytay:
rDScdk&jcif; r&Sdaom ta&;ay:okH; 0efaqmifrIrsm;udk tNrJwap t&efxm;&SdMuonf r[kwfyg/
obm0ab;aMumifh tcsKdUaom 0efaqmifrIrsm; ysufpD;aomtcgwGif aq;½kHwpfckvkH;\ vkyfief;
aqmif&GufEdkifrIudk xdckdufEdkifygonf/
&nfnTef;csuf - Protecting New Health Facilities from Natural Disasters: Guidelines for the Promotion of Disaster
Mitigation (2003) Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO).
2-3 ydkrdktEÅ&m,fuif;½Sif;aom usef;rma&;pepf jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&; aMumif;usdK;azmfjycsuf
usef;rma&;Xme taqmufttHkrsm;onf &yf&GmwGif ta&;ygaom taqmufttHkrsm; jzpfonf
[k ,lqygonf/ usef;rma&;0efaqmifrIrsm;udk jznfhqnf;ay;½kHrQru &yf½Gm\ cHEkdif&nf&SdrIudk
jyefvnfí wnfaqmufay;ygonf/ xdkUaMumifh usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;
Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk rjzpfrae xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfygonf/
usef;rma&;u@wGif umv&Snf obm0ab;avsmhyg;a&;twGuf aqmif&Gufjcif;
tEÅ&m,fydkrdkuif;&Sif;aom aqmufvkyfa&;enf;vrf;onf usef;rma&;XmetaqmufttHkrsm;
aqmufvkyfonfh ukefusp&dwfudk wdk;jrifhapEdkifaomfvnf; ukefusp&dwfESifh EdIif;pmvQif
umv&SnfwGif xda&mufrI&Sdjcif;aMumifh oGif;tm;pkrsm;udk taumif;qkH; toHk;jyKjcif; jzpfygonf/ WHO avhvmcsuf wpfckt& tEÅ&m,f enf;yg;oufomaprIudk &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHjcif;jzifh aq;½kH
\ taqmufttHkydkif; cdkifrmrIudk wdk;wufatmif vkyfaqmifxm;ygu pkpkaygif; aqmufvkyf a&;
ukefusp&dwfrsm;rSm (1%)rS (2%) xuf ydkrdkí rukefusonfudk awGU&Sd&ygonf/3
rlvtpDtpOfwGif ryg0ifonfh xyfrH jznfhpGufaqmufvkyfjcif;aMumifh r&nf&G,fbJ tEÅ&m,f
usa&mufrI rsm;jym;vmEdkifojzifh ,if;odkU xyfrHjznfhpGufaqmifvkyfrIrsm;udk rjyKvkyfjcif;?
wenf;tm;jzifh tEÅ&m,frsm;udk jyefvnfí zefwD;rdapEkdifonfh jznfhpGufaqmifvkyfrIrsm;udk
a½Smif½Sm;jcif;/
jynfolUb@m oHk;pGJ&rIudk avQmhcsjcif;? jrefrmEdkifiHwGif EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u usef;rma&;Xme
taqmufttHkrsm;udk pDrHtkyfcsKyfygonf/ xdkUaMumifh usef;rma&;Xmersm;tay: xdcdkufrIonf
vlxk\ tvkyfvkyfEdkifonfh pGrf;&nfudkom xdckdufjcif;r[kwfbJ ¤if;wdkUudk jyefvnfjyifqif&onfh
ukefusp&dwfaMumifh jynfolUb@mtm; avsmhenf;apygonf/
obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&; tpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;ESifh vkyfief;tpDtpOf
aqmif&Guf&mwGif tcsdefMumjrifhrS wpfcg jzpfyGm;wwfonfh ab;rsm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;jcif;
Disaster Risk Reduction and Preparedness for Health Facilities, World Health Organisation, Japan.
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 23 -
&moDOwktajymif;tvJaMumifh aemiftcgwGif rdk;av0oESifh a&vTrf;rdk;rI ab;rsm; jyif;xef
vmEdkifjcif;udk xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;NyD; ydkrdkaumif;rGefatmif BudKwifjyifqifxm;jcif;
ta&;ay:tajctaersm;wGif aq;½kHrsm;onf vkyfief;aqmif&GufEdkifrI qufvufxdef;odrf;
xm;Edkif&ef pDpOfjcif;
2-4 aus;vufa'orsm;wGif ydkrdktEÅ&m,fuif;½Sif;aom usef;rma&;pepfrsm; wnfaqmuf&ef
tcGifhtvrf;rsm;
obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;qdkif&m t&Sdeft[kef
em*pfrkefwdkif; jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;vkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmifNyD;p jzpfaomaMumifh tusKd;pD;yGm; yg0if
ywfoufolrsm;\ odjrifem;vnfrI jrihfrm;NyD; tav;teuf wm0ef,laqmif&GufrIrsm;vnf;
&Sdygonf/ ,if;tcsufudk tokH;jyKí usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc
avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Gufa&;twGuf tm;aumif;aom rl0g'ESifh r[mAsL[m
tpDtrHrsm;udk aqmif&Gufoifhygonf/ em*pfrkefwdkif; jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;rwdkifrD ESpfumv
rsm;pGmuyif EdkifiHwumESifh jynfwGif; tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh eD;uyfpGm yl;aygif;
aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonfudk Munfhjcif;tm;jzifh umvMumjrihfpGmuyif usef;rma&;0efBuD;XmexHrS yhHydk;rI
&SdaMumif; odjrifEdkifygonf/ obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnhfoGif;aygif;pyf
aqmif&Gufa&; BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrIrsm;wGif trsdK;om;obm0ab; umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&; A[dk
aumfrwDuhJodkUaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ axmufcHrI&&Sda&;udk pnf;½kH;vIHUaqmfjcif;jzifh EdkifiHtwGif;
usef;rma&; jyKpkapmifha&SmufrIpepfrsm; wdk;wufaumif;rGefap&ef aqmif&Guf&mwGif aiGaMu;yhHydk;rIESifh
tmPmydkifrsm;xHrS axmufcHrIwdkUudk &&SdEdkifygonf/
nd§EdIif;aygif;pyfaqmif&GufrIwdk;jr§ifhjcif;
usef;rma&;0efBuD;XmeESifh vkyfief;qufoG,faqmif&Gufaom tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf
em*pfrkefwdkif; rwdkifrDuyif qufpyfaqmif&GufrIrsm;&SdNyD; tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tMum; ,kHMunfpdwfcsrIudk
wnfaqmufNyD;jzpfaomaMumifh em*pfrkefwdkif; jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; usef;rma&;u@ vkyfief;rsm;rSm
xda&mufNyD; vkyfief;aqmif&GufrItay: wm0efcHí vkyfaqmifEdkifchJygonf/ em*pfrkefwdkif; jyefvnf
xlaxmifa&; umvtwGif;wGif pwifwnfaxmifchJaom MudKwifowday;jcif;ESifh wHkUjyefjcif;pepf
EWARS onf tcsuftvufrsm; rQa0&ef wm0ef,l aqmif&GufMuaom tpdk;&r[kwfaom
tzGJUtpnf;rsm; tm;vkH;twGuf owif;ESifh tcsuftvuf &&Sd&m wpfckwnf;aom t&if;tjrpf
jzpfvmygonf/ xkdUtjyif usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xmeonf usef;rma&; tpktzGJU tpnf;ta0;rsm;odkY
wufa&mufNyD; tpktzGJUvkyfief;rsm;udk w&m;0if axmufcH yhHydk;rIay;jcif;aMumifh uGif;qif;vkyfief;
tqifh nd§EdIif;aygif;pyfaqmif&Gufa&; tpDtrHrsm;udk ulnDyhHydk;EdkifchJygonf/ em*pfqdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif;
jyefvnf xlaxmifa&;umvtwGif; &&SdchJaom ydkrdkjrifhrm;onhf nd§EdIif;aygif;pyfaqmif&GufrI
tay:wGif tajccHvsuf usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;ESifh
zGHUNzdK;a&; ynm&Sifrsm;\ yl;aygif;yg0ifaqmif&GufrIjzifh ydkrkdjrifhrm;aom vkyfief;rsm;udk taumif
txnf azmfEdkifygrnf/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 24 -
aemufxyft&if;tjrpfrsm;udk &,ltokH;jyKEdkifjcif;
em*pfrkefwdkif;wdkufcwfNyD;aemufydkif;wGif EdkifiHwumrS yhHydk;rIrsm; ydkrdk&&Sdvmonfh t"du tusKd;aus;Zl;
wpf&yfrSm tcsKdUaom tvSL&Sifrsm;u rl0g'csrSwfNyD; u,fq,fa&;ESifh wHkUjyefa&; &efykHaiGxJrS
&mcdkifEIef;owfrSwfNyD; obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;twGuf tokH;jyKjcif;jzpfygonf/
usef;rma&;? BudKwifjyifqifa&;ESifh tEÅ&m,fenf;yg;oufomapa&;? obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc
avQmhcsa&;wdkYudk aqmif&Guf&eftwGuf þ&efykHaiGrS toHk;jyKEdkifygonf/ xdkUtjyif EdkifiHwGif;
&&SdEdkifaom enf;ynmqdkif&m t&if;tjrpfrsm;? Oyrm- ta&;ay: jynfolYusef;rma&;ESifh obm0ab;
avsmhyg;a&;ponfwdkUqdkif&m EdkifiHwumuRrf;usifolrsm; &Sdaejcif;onfvnf; ydkrdktEÅ&m,f uif;&Sif;
aom aq;½kHrsm; jzpfapa&; t,ltqrsm;udk jr§ifhwifay;Edkifygonf/
2-5 usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf
aqmif½Guf&mwGif MuHKawGU&onfh pdefac:rIrsm;
obm0ab;aMumifhqHk;&HI;EdkifajcavQmhcsa&;ESifh tajccHusef;rma&;vkyfief;rsm;udk odjrifem;vnfrI
ydkrdkaumif;rGefapjcif;
ta&;wBuD;ajz&Sif;aqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfaom pdefac:rI(2)&yfrSm usef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;taejzifh
obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyfaqmif&Gufjcif;\ tusKd;aus;Zl;
rsm;udk em;vnfoabmaygufrI wdk;wufaumif;rGefap&efESifh obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc
avQmhcsa&;ESifh zGHUNzdK;a&; vkyfief;aqmif&Gufolrsm;taejzifh tajccHusef;rma&;vkyfief; vdktyfcsuf
rsm;udk ydkrdkí em;vnfoabmayguf&ef wdkYjzpfygonf/ ta&;ay: vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk
t[efUtwm; rjzpfap&ef usef;rma&; jyKpkapmifha&SmufrI taqmufttHkrsm;\ vkyfief;aqmif&GufrI
ydkif; cdkifrmrIESifh taqmufttHkydkif; cdkifrmrI ESpf&yfpvkH;udk aqmufvkyfa&;u@taejzifh nDwlnDrQ
tav;teufxm; aqmif&Gufoifhygonf/ xdkUaMumifh obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnhfoGif;aygif;pyf raqmif&GufrD aqmufvkyfa&; tpDtpOfa&;qGJolrsm;ESifh obm0ab;aMumifh
qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;qdkif&m uRrf;usifolrsm;onf usef;rma&;Xme taqmufttHkwpfck\ tajccH
vkdtyfcsufrsm;udk od&SdNyD; usef;rma&;taqmufttHkwpfck 'DZdkif;ykHpHxkwfonfhtqifhrSmyif ,if;udpö
rsm;udk xnfhoGif;Edkif&ef ta&;BuD;ygonf/
usef;rma&;Xmersm;twGuf ukefusp&dwfjrifhrm;jcif;
usef;rma&;Xmersm;udk aqmufvkyf&mwGif EdkifiHwum pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;ESifhtnD aqmufvkyfrnfqdkygu
omreftm;jzifh ukefusp&dwf rsm;jym;ygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif bwf*suftuefUtowfrsm;aMumifh
xdkukefusp&dwfrsm;udk uscH&ef rvkHavmufrIrsm; jzpfyGm;vmEdkifygonf/ t&nftaoG;xuf
ta&twGufudk t"duxm;&jcif;aMumifh ukefusp&dwf rsm;jym;aom taqmufttHk tenf;i,f
aqmufvkyfjcif;xuf ukefusp&dwfenf;yg;aom taqmufttHk trsm;tjym; aqmufvkyf&ef
jzpfEkdifajc ydkrdkrsm;jym;ygonf/ odkU&mwGif obm0ab;'Pf cHEdkifonfh oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;udk *½kjyKí
xnhfoGif;xm;&SdNyD; e,fajra'owGif;rS ypönf;rsm;ESifh tvkyform;rsm;udk tokH;jyKjcif;jzifh cdkifrmaom
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 25 -
usef;rma&; taqmufttHkrsm; wnfaqmuf&onfh ukefusp&dwfrsm;udk avQmhcsEdkifrnfhtjyif
e,fajra'owGif; pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk wpfygwnf; tm;ay;&m a&mufygonf/
usef;rma&;ESifhqufpyfaeonfh tjcm;u@rsm;udk xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;jcif;
usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyfjcif;tm;
jr§ifhwifaqmif&Guf&mü t"duxm;&rnfh vkyfief;rSm usef;rma&;Xmersm; (taqmufttHkrsm;)onf
ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; jzpfyGm;vmonfhtcgwGif ydkrdkí cHEdkif&nf&Sd&ef odkUr[kwf ta&;ay: tajctae
rsm;twGuf BudKwifjyifqif&mwGif usef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;tm; taxmuftuljyK&ef jzpfygonf/
tjcm;aom usef;rma&;ESifh qufpyfaeonfh u@rsm; Oyrm- tm[m&jynfh0rI? a&ESifh ywf0ef;usif
oefU&Sif;a&;wdkUESifh csdwfqufrIrsm;udk wpfcgwpf&H tm½kHjyKrI enf;yg;wwfygonf/ obm0ab;
usa&mufaom tajctaewGif tqdkygu@rsm;twGuf tcsdefrD ajz&Sif;aqmif&Gufjcif;r&Sdygu
odkUr[kwf vspfvsL½Ixm;ygu qifhyGm; usef;rma&;qdkif&m ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; jzpfyGm;vmEdkifygonf/
xdkUaMumifh obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Gufonfh
vkyfief;tpDtpOf tm;vkH;wGif tqdkygu@rsm; tEÅ&m,f uif;&Sif;a&;? usef;rma&;ESifhpyfvsOf;í
obm0ab;'Pfudk cHEdkif&nf&Sdapa&; pDpOfaqmif&Guf&ygrnf/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 26 -
½
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 27 -
obm0ab;rsm;jzpfyGm;vQif zGHUNzdK;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk xdcdkufaMumif; aocsmpGm od&Sdem;vnfMuNyD;
jzpfygonf/ zGHUNzdK;a&; atmifjrifrIrsm; qkH;½IH;&½HkrQru zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&; vkyfief;opfrsm;twGuf
toHk;jyKrnfh t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk obm0ab; wHkUjyefrIESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;twGuf vTJajymif;
tokH;jyK&ojzifh zGHUNzdK;a&;tcGifhtvrf;rsm; qkH;½IH;&ygonf/ xdkUtjyif pepfwustpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;
r½SdbJ zGHUNzdK;a&;vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&Gufjcif;aMumifh xdcdkufcH&vG,frIudk jrifhrm;apNyD; ydkrdkí
tEÅ&m,fjzpfapEkdifygonf/ obm0ab;jzpfyGm;aepOftwGif; usef;rma&;0efaqmifrIrsm; ysufjym;
ygu qifhyGm;ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; jzpfyGm;vmEdkifjcif;aMumifh obm0ab;wHkUjyefrIESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifrI
wGif usef;rma&;u@onf t"du ta&;BuD;ygonf/
atmufazmfjyyg tpDtrHrsm;udk aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh
qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk aygif;pnf;xnfhoGif;jcif;aMumifh aemiftcgwGif toufqkH;½IH;rIESifh
ydkifqdkifypönf; ysufpD;qkH;½IH;rIwdkU avsmhenf;usqif;ap&ef wm;qD;umuG,fEdkifygonf/
usef;rma&;u@taqmufttHkrsm;udk obm0ab;'PfcHEdkif&nf&Sdaom oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;
xnhfoGif; aqmufvkyfjcif;ESifh tm;jznfhwyfqifjyKjyifjcif;
a&? ywf0ef;usif oefU&Sif;a&;ESifh wpfudk,f&nfoefU&Sif;a&; qdkif&mrsm;udk aqmufvkyf&mwGif
ab;'Pf cHEdkif&nf&Sda&;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;jcif;
pGrf;aqmif&nfwnfaqmufjcif;ESifh odjrifem;vnfrIjr§ifhwifjcif;
aq;½kHrsm;wGif BudKwifjyifqifa&; tpDtpOfrsm;a&;qGJxm;jcif;
u@tm;vkH;wGif &yf&GmtwGif;&Sd xdcdkufcH&tvG,fqkH; tkyfpkrsm;jzpfaom uav;oli,frsm;?
trsKd;orD;rsm;? oufBuD;&G,ftkdrsm;? ½kyfydkif;ESifhpdwfydkif; roefrpGrf;olrsm;\ vdktyfcsufrsm;udk
xnfhoGif; pOf;pm;&ygrnf/
pmpk – 2
]ab;uif;vHkjcHKaom aq;½kHjzpfapa&;} t,ltqoabmw&m;qdkif&m xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&ef
tcsufrsm;
(u) tajccHtaqmuftOD½Iaxmifh
vlUtoufrsm;? &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm;? vkyfief; aqmif&GufEdkifrIwdkUudk umuG,fapmihfa&SmufrItqifh
tm; wdk;jr§ifhay;jcif;jzifh xdcdkufcHvG,frIudk avsmhenf;usqif;apjcif;
taqmufttHktopfrsm;wGif tEÅ&m,fusa&mufEdkifrI enf;yg;oufomapa&; vdkufem
aqmif&Gufjcif;?
&Sd&if;taqmufttHkrsm;udk tm;jznfhwyfqifjyKjyif&mwGif aiGaMu;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI rsm;jym;Edkifyg
onf/ odkU&mwGif tEÅ&m,frsm;udkvspfvsL½Ixm;jcif;aMumifh jzpfay:vmEdkifonfh aiGaMu;qHk;½IH;rI?
toufqkH;½IH;rI? vlrIa&;qdkif&mjyefvnfxlaxmifrIwdkUrSm ydkrdkrsm;jym;Edkifygonf/
(c) vkyfief;aqmif&GufrI½Iaxmifh
tEÅ&m,frsm;udk enf;yg;oufomapjcif;ESifh tEÅ&m,fjzpfyGm;rIudk xdef;csKyfjcif;twGuf BudKwif
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 28 -
jyifqifNyD;jzpfjcif;
ta&;ay:tajctaersm;aMumifh aemufxyf0efaqmifrIrsm; rarQmfvifhbJ vdktyfvQif pepfwus
xda&mufpGm wHkUjyef&ef toifhjzpfjcif;?
(*) jynfolY usef;rma&;t& t"dyÜm,foufa&mufrIrsm;
• aq;0g;ukorIESifh wm;qD;umuG,fa&;qdkif&m 0efaqmifrIrsm;ay;jcif;
• jynfolYusef;rma&;twGuf "gwfcGJcef;rsm; zGifhvSpfxm;&Sday;jcif;
• a&m*g&SmazGjcif;? wm;qD;umuG,fjcif;ESifh xdef;csKyfjcif;udk taxmuftuljyKjcif;
• ul;pufwwfaoma&m*grsm;udk MudKwifowday;jcif;
• jynfolYusef;rma&;ynmay;onfh t&if;tjrpfXmejzpfjcif;
• okawoeXmersm;jzpfjcif;
(C) vlrIa&;-EdkifiHa&;t& t"dyÜm,foufa&mufrIrsm;
• aq;½kHrsm;onf aumif;rGefaom aq;0g;ukorIudk jznfhqnf;ay;½kHrQru tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,f
aom vlemrsm;\ tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&;udkvnf; aqmif&Gufay;&ef vlxku arQmfvifhygonf/
• aq;½kHrsm;odkY tm;udk;wBuD; a&mufvmMuaom vlemrsm;rSm wpfaeYvQif (24)em&DywfvHk;
&SdaeMurnf jzpfygonf/ aq;½kHysufpD;ygu pdwfcHpm;rIydkif;qdkif&m xdcdkufrIaMumifh pdwf"mwf
usqif;jcif;? rvkHNcHKrIESifh vlrIa&; rwnfrNidrfrIrsm; jzpfyGm;vmEdkifygonf/
(i) pD;yGm;a&;t& t"dyÜm,foufa&mufrIrsm;
• tqifhjrihfaq;½kHwpf½kH zGifhvSpfaqmif&Guf&ef &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI trsm;tjym; vdktyfygonf/ aq;½kH
ysufpD;oGm;ygu vlUtzGJUtpnf;twGuf pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m 0efxkyf0efydk;BuD;wpf&yf jzpfapygonf/
• aq;½kHaq;cef;trsm;pkwGif taqmufttHkydkif;r[kwfaom tpdwftydkif;rsm;\ ukefusp&dwfrSm
taqmufttHktwGuf ukefusp&dwfxuf rsm;jym;ygonf/
• aq;½kHysufpD;oGm;ygu uGif;qif;aq;½kHrsm;uhJodkUaom ,m,Daq;½kHaq;cef;rsm;jzifh
tpm;xdk;Edkifrnf r[kwfyg/
• aq;0g;ukorI 0efaqmifrIrsm; r&Sdygu pD;yGm;a&;ESifh tjcm;vkyfief;rsm; jyefvnfxlaxmifonfh
vkyfief;pOfudk xdckdufygrnf/
t&if;tjrpf - avhusihfoifwef; oifcef;pmpk 1 - tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;aom aq;½kHrsm;t,ltq? WHO
3-1 usef;rma&;aq;½Hkaq;cef;rsm; wnfaqmuf&mwGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc
avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyfaqmif&Guf&ef pOf;pm;jcif;
t&nftaoG;jrihfrm;aom usef;rma&;jyKpkapmihfa&SmufrIrSm tvGefta&;BuD;ygonf/ tajccH
usef;rma&;ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;ESifh uRrf;usifaom vlUpGrf;tm;t&if;tjrpfrsm; xm;&Sd&eftwGuf cdkifrm
aom taqmufttHkr&SdbJ t&nftaoG;jrihfrm;aom usef;rma&;jyKpkapmihfa&SmufrIudk jznfhqnf;
ay;&ef jzpfEkdifrnfr[kwfyg/ xkdUaMumihf usef;rma&;taqmufttHkrsm; aqmufvkyf&mü obm0
ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;EdkifajcavQmhcsa&;qdkif&m tpdwftydkif;rsm;udk xnhfoGif;aqmufvkyf&ef vdktyf
ygonf/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 29 -
3-1-1 taqmufttHkwnfae&m^ aqmufvkyfrnfhae&m tuJjzwfjcif;
aus;vufa'orsm;wGif usef;rma&;qdkif&mtaqmufttHk aqmufvkyf&ef aemufqkH;qkH;jzwfcsuf
rcsrD taumif;qkH;&v'frsm; &&SdEdkif&ef pmtkyfpmwrf; rSwfwrf;rsm; zwf½IavhvmNyD; okawoe
jyKvkyfjcif;ESifh uGif;qif;ppfwrf; aumuf,ljcif;rsm;udk aygif;pyfaqmif&Gufí tqdkjyKxm;aom
ae&ma'o? jzpfyGm;Edkifaom ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;ESifh xdcdkufcH&vG,frIrsm;udk twdtus azmfxkwf&ef
ta&;BuD; ygonf/ taqmufttHk aqmufvkyf&ef ae&ma&G;cs,f&mü t"du xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rnfh
tcsuftcsKdUrSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpfygonf/
a&vTrf;rdk;wwfaom e,fajra'owGif tjrifhqkH;wufonfha&rSwf Highest Plinth Level udk
azmfxkwfNyD; xdka&rSwfxuf ydkrdkjrihfonhfae&mudk a&G;cs,f&ygrnf/ odkUr[kwf xdka&rSwfxuf
jrihfaom tkwfckHay:wGif taqmufttHkudk wnfaqmuf&ygrnf/
ajrvTm\ blrdaA'ydkif; oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&ygrnf/ txl;ojzifh ajrvTm
trsKd;tpm;? tpdk"mwfyg0ifrI ponfwdkUjzpfygonf/
ivsifvIyfavh&Sdaom e,fajra'owGif jywfa&GUaMumtxuf odkUr[kwf jywfa&GUaMumteD;wGif
usef;rma&;Xme taqmufttHkrsm;udk aqmufvkyfjcif;tm; a&Smif&Sm;&ygrnf/
taqmufttHkudk awmifxlxyfaom e,fajra'owGif aqmufvkyfrnfqdkygu awmifapmif;
NydKusjcif;^ajrNydKjcif; ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk a&Smif&Sm;Edkif&eftwGuf awmifapmif;\ wnfNidrfrIudk
xnhfoGif; pOf;pm;&ygrnf/
urf;½dk;wef;a'orsm;jzpfygu ,cifjzpfyGm;chJaom qlemrDa&vdIif;ESifh rkefwdkif;'Da& tjrihfqkH;
wufcJhzl;onfh tjrifhudk xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;&ygrnf/
ywf0ef;usife,fajra'orsm;\ ajrrsufESmoGifjyifESihf opfawmaygufa&mufrIwdkUudk xnfhoGif;
pOf;pm;&ygrnf/ ywf0ef;usifwGif opfawmxlxyfpGm aygufa&mufaeygu avumtjzpf
umuG,fay;EkdifNyD; jrpf0Srf;rsm;rSm ajyjypfpGm avQmqif;aeygu uawmhozG,f avwdkufEIef;udk
wdk;jrifhapEdkifygonf/
teD;tem; ywf0ef;usifwGif "mwkaA'ypönf;? rD;avmifvG,faomypönf; odkUr[kwf ab;
tEÅ&m,f jzpfyGm;Edkifaom ypönf;rsm; odkavSmifxm;&Sdjcif; uJhodkUaom pufrIenf;ynmydkif;qdkif&m
ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; jzpfyGm;Edkifonfh tvm;tvmudk pl;prf;avhvm&ygrnf/ aq;½kHwGif
rvdktyfaom aemufxyftEÅ&m,frsm; rusa&mufap&ef teD;tem;wGif vQyfppf"mwftm;xkwf
puf½kH? pufrIZkefwdkU ½Sdr½Sdudkvnf; xnfhoGif; pOf;pm;&ygrnf/
NcHKikHíazmfjy&ygu usef;rma&;taqmufttHktopf aqmufvkyf&efae&ma&G;cs,f&mwGif usef;rma&;
0efaqmifrIrsm; jznfhqnf;ay;EdkifrIESifh vdktyfcsuf? ukefusp&dwfESifh EIdif;pmvQif xda&mufrI½Sda&;
wdkUudk rlwnfí tEÅ&m,f uif;&Sif;a&;ESifh usa&mufavh&Sdaom ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;? xdckdufcH&
EdkifrItqifh? oGm;a&muf&ef vG,fulrIwdkUudk aygif;pyfcsdefxdk;í pOf;pm;&ygrnf/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 30 -
3-1-2 obm0ab;'PfcHEdkif&nf&Sdaom oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm; aygif;pnf;xnfhoGif;jcif;
]aq;½kH\ t"duvkyfief;aqmif&Guf&rnfhae&mrsm;ESifh tpdwftydkif;rsm;udk aqmufvkyf&mwGif OD;wnf
&nf&G,faom vkyfief;aqmif&GufEdkifrI tjrifhqkH;tqifh\ (3)ykH (2)ykHudk qufvuf vkyfaqmifEdkifap
&ef pDrHxm;oifhaMumif; (qdkvdkonfrSm vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIydkif;udk umuG,fapmifha&SmufrI &Sdapa&;)?
usef;rma&;Xme taqmufttHkopfrsm;udk aqmufvkyf&mü tenf;qkH;tm;jzifh touftEÅ&m,f
rjzpfapa&; yxrtqifhumuG,fapmihfa&SmufrI jynfhrD&rnfjzpfaMumif;} PAHO/WHO u
tBuHjyKxm;ygonf/4
owfrSwfxm;aom tEÅ&m,fusa&mufrI tqifhudk ckcHumuG,fEdkifonfh
taqmufttHk tao;pdwftcsufrsm;udk 'DZdkif;ykHpHwGif yg0ifap&ef jzpfygonf/ atmufygtwdkif;
aqmufvkyf&ef txl;tBuHjyKygonf/
• ab;tEÅ&m,fwpfck odkUr[kwf ESpfckudkomvQif cHEdkif&nf&Sdap&ef &nf&G,fí 'DZkdif;ykHpH
xkwfrnfhtpm; ab;tEÅ&m,ftrsm;tjym;udk cHEdkif&nf&Sdaprnfh oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;tm;
tokH;jyKí aqmufvkyfoifhygonf/ tajccHoGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;rSm eH&Hrsm; tm;aumif;jcif;?
wdkifrsm;udk ab;bufa'gufrsm;jzifh csKyfxm;jcif;? acgifrkd;rsm; tm;aumif;ap&eftwGuf
xkwf?avQmuf?'dkif;vTm;rsm;udk tm;jznfhay;xm;jcif;? jywif;aygufrsm;? wHcg;rsm;uhJodkUaom
taygufrsm; ywfvnfwGif tm;jznfhxm;jcif;? tkwfjrpfcdkifrmapjcif; (ajrvTmtrsKd;tpm;?
taqmufttHktwGif; xm;½Sdrnfh 0ef? tav;csdefwdkUtay:wGif rlwnfí tkwfjrpf
\ teufudk wGufcsuf&ygrnf)? tm;jznfhxm;aom wdkifrsm;ESifh wef;rsm;? cdkifrmaom
tqufrsm; (txl;ojzihf wdkifrsm;ESifh wef;rsm; awGUqkH&mwGif cdkifrm&ef vdktyfygonf)
jzpfygonf/
• a&ESifh oefU&Sif;a&; tpDtrHrsm; aqmufvkyf&mwGifvnf; ab;tEÅ&m,fcHEdkif&nf&Sdaom
'DZdkif;ykHpHrsm;udk taxGaxGtaqmufttHk aqmufvkyfonfh 'DZdkif;ykHpH\ wpfpdwfwpfa'o
tjzpf tokH;jyK&ygrnf/
• &moDOwktajymif;tvJudk &ifqdkifEdkif&ef xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;í aqmufvkyf&ygrnf/ Oyrm
rdk;a& cH,lpkaqmif;onfh tpDtrHrsm;? tjcm;a&G;cs,fEdkifaom pGrf;tif (aepGrf;tifESifh
avpGrf;tif)? t&if;tjrpfrsm;ESifh av0ifavxGuf aumif;apaom 'DZdkif;rsm;uJhodkUaom
obm0ywf0ef;usifudk rxdcdkufapaom tjcm;oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;udk xnfhoGif;
aqmufvkyfjcif; jzpfygonf/
• e,fajra'otwGif;rS &&Sdaom aqmufvkyfa&;ypönf;rsm;ESifh uRrf;usifolrsm;udk tokH;jyKjcif;
jzihfvnf; e,fajrcHpD;yGm;a&;udk jyefvnftm;aumif;vmapEkdifygonf/ odkU&mwGif rvdktyfbJ
tEÅ&m,frsm; jyefvnfray:aygufap&ef tokH;jyKaom t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk *½kwpdkuf
t&nftaoG; ppfaq;&ygrnf/ e,fajra'owGif;rS t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk tvGeftuRH xkwf,l
okH;pJGjcif; r&Sd&efvnf; owdjyK&ygrnf/
Guidelines for vulnerability reduction in the design of new health facilities (2004) World Health Organization (WHO), Pan-
American Health Organization (PAHO) and Provention Consortium, the World Bank Group.
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 31 -
;rma&;0efBuD;Xmeonf aq;½kH? usef;rma&;Xme? aus;vufusef;rma&; XmeESifh wGJzufaus;vuf
usef;rma&;XmewdkUtwGuf pHowfrSwffcsufrsm;ESifh 'DZdkif;ykHpHrsm; owfrSwf xm;&SdNyD;jzpfygonf/
atmufwGif 'DZdkif;yHkrsm;udk azmfjyxm;ygonf/
nmbufab;rS jrif&yHk
a½SUbufrS jrif&yHk
jzwfydkif;yHk u-u
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 32 -
pmpk - 3
rav;&Sm;EdkifiH MERCY Malaysia tzGJU\ ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; cHEkdif&nf½Sdaom aq;½kH'DZdkif;ykHpH
rav;&Sm;EdkifiHrS MERCY Malaysia tzGJUonf usef;rma&;0efBuD;XmeESifh yl;aygif;í {&m0wDwdkif;
½Sd qdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif;aMumihf xdcdkufcH&aom e,fajra'orsm;wGif wGJzufaus;vufusef;rma&;
Xmewpfckudk 'DZdkif;ykHpHxkwf aqmufvkyfchJygonf/ ,if;taqmufttHkwGif ivsif? qdkifuvkef;
rkefwdkif;ESifh a&vTrf;rdk;jcif; ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; avQmhcsa&;twGuf tpdwftydkif;rsm; yg0ifygonf/
taqmufttHk\ t"duoGifjyifvu©PmrSm qdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif;ESifh ivsif'PfcHEdkif&nf&Sda&;twGuf
(16) rDvDrDwmtxl&Sd tm;jznfhpwD;wdkifrsm; xnfhoGif;xm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ ydkrdkícHEdkif&nf&Sd
ap&eftwGuf axmifhcsKd;í csKyfxm;aom a'gufrsm; wyfqifxm;ygonf/ taqmufttHk
ywfvnfwGif pvyfjym;wpfydkif; trdk;udk rdk;xm;ygonf/ þodkUjzifh vQyfwpfjyufa&vTrf;rdk;onfhtcg
wGif tqdkygtrdk;üvltrsm; cdkvIHEdkifrnfjzpfNyD; rdk;a&vnf; pkaqmif;Edkifygrnf/
&nfñTef;csuf - Contract Document for Reconstruction of 16-bed Hospital in Kyone Da Village, Dadeye,
Ayeyarwaddy (2009) MERCY Malaysia.
tvm;wlyif aq;½Hk\ aq;0g;ukorI tpdwftydkif;rsm; tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&;udkvnf; tm½kHpdkuf
&ygrnf/ Oyrm- taqmufttHk Adokumydkif;qdkif&mtpdwftydkif;rsm; (tav;csdef o,faqmif&jcif;
r½Sdaom eH&Hrsm;? Murf;cif;rsm;? rsufESmusufrsm;? tjcm;tcif;rsm; odkUr[kwf tacsmowf aqmif&Guf
rIrsm;)? ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;ESifh taqmufttHkwGif; wyfqifypönf;rsm; (vQyfppfpufypönf;pepfrsm;?
jzwfydkif;yHk u-u
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 33 -
aq;0g; ukorIESifh vufawGUprf;oyfcef;okH;ypönf;rsm;? y&dabm*rsm;)? 0efaqmifrIrsm; odkUr[kwf
ta&;ygaom ay;oGif;rI vrf;aMumif;rsm;jzpfygonf/ aq;½kHrsm; jzpfygu taqmufttHk
\ pkpkaygif;ukefusp&dwf (80%) eD;yg;rSm aq;0g;ukorIqkdif&m tpdwftydkif;rsm;twGuf ukefusjcif;
jzpfygonf/ taqmufttHk\ vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIydkif;qdkif&m tpdwftydkif;rsm; ysufpD;jcif;aMumifh
xdckdufrIrSm trsKd;rsKd;jzpfEdkifygonf/ Oyrm- aq;0g;ukorI ypönf;ud&d,mrsm; ysufpD;jcif;aMumifh
ta&;ay:jyKpkukorI vdktyfaecsdefwGif jyKpkukorIray;Edkifojzifh vkyfief;aqmif&GufrI pGrf;aqmif&nf
qkH;½IH;Ekdifygonf/ vkyfief;aqmif&GufrI tpdwftydkif;rsm; xdcdkufrIaMumifh qifhuJjzpfay:vmonfh
oufa&mufrIrsm;onfvnf; ta&;BuD;ygonf/ Oyrm- cef;r vloGm;vrf;ae&mtwGif; odkUr[kwf
vltrsm; jyifyodkUxGufonfh vrf;aMumif;rsm;twGif;wGif tysuftpD;rsm; jyKwfusí ydwfqdkUaejcif;?
rD;avmifjcif; odkUr[kwf aygufuGJjcif;? a&ydkuf? rdv’mydkufrsm;aygufjcif;wkdU jzpfygonf/ tenf;i,frQ
xdckdufysufpD;jcif;onfyifvQif xdckdufcH&aom ae&mrsm;w0dkuf&Sd oefYpifaom tajctaersm;udk
xdckdufysufpD;apNyD; ta&;ay:vlemrsm;udk tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifygonf/
xkdUaMumifh vkyfief;aqmif&GufrItydkif;rsm;twGuf txl;ojzifh aus;vufusef;rma&;Xmersm;wGif
xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;&ef vdktyfaom t"dutcsufrsm;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfygonf/
ta&;ay:tajctae jzpfyGm;vmygu 0efaqmifrIrsm;udk csufcsif;wdk;csJUEdkifaprnfh oGifjyif
vu©Pmrsm; xnfhoGif;xm;jcif; Oyrm- vloGm;vrf;rsm;? avQmufvrf;rsm;udk trdk;rsm;
xnhfoGif;aqmufvkyfxm;Edkifygonf/ þodkUaqmufvkyfxm;jcif;jzifh ta&;ay:tajctae
pDrHcefYcJGrI odkUr[kwf vltrsm;tjym; toufqkH;½IH; xdckduf'Pf&m&&SdrIwdkYudk pDrHcefUcGJ&ef
ae&mrsm;tjzpf tvsiftjref ajymif;vJtokH;jyKEdkifrnf jzpfygonf/
aqmufvkyfrnfh taqmufttHk 'DZdkif;ykHpHrsm; a&;qGJ&mwGif xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rnfh
tcsufrsm;onf aus;vuftajctaeESifh NrdKUjytajctaewGif uGJjym;jcm;em;Edkifygonf/
Oyrm aus;vuf a'orsm;wGif jyifyvlemXmersm;udk ykHpHxkwfa&;qGJ&mü q&m0efjyo&ef
MumjrifhcsdefrSm em&Dtenf;i,frQyif jzpfaomfvnf; vlemrsm;rSm a0;vHaom ae&ma'orsm;rS
vma&muf&NyD; ntdyfnae aexkdif&ef vdktyfEdkifaMumif; xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rnf jzpfygonf/
NrdKUjya'orsm;wGifrl vlemrsm;rSm rdrdwdkYaetdrfrsm;rSvma&mufjcif;jzpfí ukoNyD;pD;aomtcg
wGif aetdrfodkU jyefEdkifMuygonf/ tvm;wl aus;vufusef;rma&; taqmufttHkrsm;
'DZdkif;ykHpHxkwf&mü vufawGUvkyfief;aqmif&GufrItydkif;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&ef vdktyfyg
onf/
½kyfydkif;? vlrIa&;ydkif;ESifh usm;-r tcef;u@ vdktyfcsufudkvnf; jznfhqnf;aqmif&Gufay;
&ygrnf/ (½kyfydkif;vdktyfcsufrsm; jznfhqnf;ay;jcif;qdkonfrSm roefrpGrf;aom vlemrsm;
twGuf avQmapmufrsm;xm;&Sday;jcif;? vlrIa&;ydkif;vdktyfcsufrsm; jznfhqnf;ay;jcif;qdkonf
rSm apmifhqdkif;onfhtcef;rsm;udk us,fus,f0ef;0ef;xm;&Sday;jcif;ponfwdkU jzpfygonf/)
ypönf;ud&d,mESifh y&dabm*rsm; avQmusjcif;aMumifh xdcdkufrdNyD; 'kwd,tqifh ab;
tEÅ&m,frsm; jzpfyGm;vmEdkifojzifh ¤if;wdkUudk cdkifchHpGm csdwfwG,fxm;&ef vdktyfygonf/
aq;0g;rsm;ESifhypönf;ud&d,mrsm;? *sifea&wmrsm; uhJodkUaom vQyfppf"mwftm;xkwfpufrsm;
twGuf xm;&Sd&efae&mrsm; vdktyfcsufudk pOf;pm;&ygrnf/ ¤if;wdkYudk oD;oefUae&mwGif
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 34 -
xm;&Sdjcif;jzifh cef;rrsm;twGif; avQmufvrf;aumf&pf'grsm;ü rvdktyfbJ ydwfqdkUraebJ
aygufuGJí aemufxyfxdcdkuftEÅ&m,f jzpfapEdkifaomypönf;rsm;ESifh xdawGUrIudk avQmhcs
Edkifrnf jzpfygonf/ xdkUtjyif a0;vHaom aus;vufa'orsm;wGif aq;ESifh aq;ypönf;rsm;
jyefvnf jznfhwif;ay;&ef &ufESifhcsDí MumjrihfEdkifjcif;aMumifh tajccHaq;0g;rsm;ESifh tjcm;
ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;udk pkaqmif;xm;&ygrnf/ odkUrSom ta&;ay:tajctaersm;wGif aq;ESifh
aq;ypönf;rsm; jznfhwif;ray;EdkifrD 0efaqmifrIrsm;udk qufvufjznfhqnf;ay;Edkifygrnf/
obm0ab;rsm; jzpfyGm;ygu tjcm;e,fajra'orsm;rS t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk csufcsif;EdI;aqmf
Edkifa&;twGuf aus;vuftaqmufttHkrsm;wGif ta&;ay: qufoG,fa&; pepfrsm;
(orm;½dk;us w,fvDzkef;vkdif;rsm;ay:wGif tm;xm;jcif;rjyKaom vufudkifzkef;rsm; odkUr[kwf
N*dKvfwkzkef;rsm;) wyfqifxm;&Sd&ef txl;ojzifh vdktyfygonf/
usef;rma&;taqmufttHkrsm; aqmufvkyf&mwGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;
qdkif&m xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;&rnfh tcsufrsm;udk aumif;pGmaygif;pnf;yg0ifap&eftwGuf apmihfMunhf
ppfaq;onfh c&D;pOfrsm; ykHrSefjyKvkyf&ef ta&;BuD;ygonf/ em*pfqdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif; jyefvnf
xlaxmifa&;rS&&Sdaom oifcef;pmrsm;t& usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xme\ cGifhjyKcsufjzifh taqmufttHk
rsm; aqmufvkyf&mwGif pwifcsdefrS NyD;qkH;csdeftxd oufqdkif&mtzGJUtpnf;rsm;u t"du
BuD;Muyfaqmif&Gufygonf/ em*pfqdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif; jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;wGif rav;&Sm;EdkifiHrS
MERCY Malaysia tzGJU\ aq;½kHaqmufvkyfonfh pDrHcsufü apmifhMunfhppfaq;aom tpktzGJU
rsm;wGif NrKdUe,ftmPmydkifrsm;udkyg xnfhoGif;zGJUpnf;xm;ygonf/ þodkUaqmif&Gufjcif;jzihf
t&nftaoG;udk xdef;csKyfEdkif½Hkomru &yf&Gm\ vufcHrIudkyg &&Sdygonf/
pmpk – 4
]obm0ab;rsm;rS ab;uif;vHkjcHKaomaq;½kH} qdkonfrSm tb,fenf;/
]]aq;½kH}} qdkonfrSm t&G,ftpm; tBuD;tao;ra&G; NrdKUjy odkUr[kwf aus;vufa'owGif wnf½Sd
onfh acwfrDtqifhjrifh aq;0g;ukorIXme odkUr[kwf tajccHjyKpkapmifha&SmufrIXmersm; ponfjzifh
usef;rma&;Xme tm;vkH; yg0ifygonf/ atmufygtcsuftvufrsm;ESifh udkufnDaom aq;½kHonf
obm0ab;rsm; jzpfyGm;aomtcg tEÅ&m,fuif;rnf jzpfygonf/
obm0ab;rsm;jzpfyGm;aomtcgwGif ysufpD;NydKusjcif;r&Sd/ xkdUaMumihf vlemrsm;ESifh
0efxrf;rsm; toufqkH;½IH;jcif; odkUr[kwf xdcdkuf'Pf&m&jcif;r&Sdyg/
ta&;ay: 0efaqmifrIrsm; tvdktyfqkH;tcsdefwGif jznfhqnf;ay;EdkifNyD; vkyfief;rsm;udk
qufvuf aqmif&GufEdkifygonf/
arQmfrSef;rxm;aom udpö&yfrsm;twGuf tpDtpOfa&;qGJxm;ygonf/ aumif;pGm avhusihf
oifwef; ay;xm;aom usef;rma&;vkyfom;tiftm;pk&Sdygonf/ ta&;ay: tajctaersm;
wGif jzpfyGm;vmonfh usef;rma&;qdkif&m tusKd;qufrsm;udk udkifwG,fajz&Sif;&ef toifh&SdNyD;
udkifwG,fajz&Sif;EdkifpGrf;vnf; &Sdygonf/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 35 -
ajymif;vJrIudk jzpfapEdkifonfh vkyfief;tqifh (10) &yf
1/ obm0ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;onf usef;rma&;ESifh qufpyfaom jyóemrsm;jzpfaMumif;ESifh
usef;rma&;0efaqmifrIrsm; qufvufí aqmif&Gufay;&rnfjzpfaMumif; todtrSwfjyKjcif;
2/ aq;½kHrsm;udk tpDtpOfa&;qGJNyD; 'DZdkif;ykHpHxkwfonfhtqifhrS tpjyKí ueOD;uyif obm0
ab;'PfcHEdkif&nf&Sdap&ef pDpOfjcif;
3/ tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;aom aqmufvkyfa&;pnf;rsOf;rsm;ESifh owfrSwfpHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;udk
rlMurf;a&;qGJí Oya'jyKNyD; vdkufemap&ef ta&;,laqmif&Gufjcif;
4/ tajccHtEÅ&m,frsm;udk azmfxkwfjcif;jzifh &Sd&if;usef;rma&; 0efaqmifrIrsm;tay: tEÅ&m,f
usa&mufvG,frI enf;yg;apjcif;
5/ trsKd;om;tqifh qkH;jzwfcsufcsrSwfolrsm;tMum;wGif odjrifem;vnfrIjr§ifhwifjcif;
6/ aq;½kHta&;ay:tpDtpOfESifh arQmfrSef;rxm;aomudpö&yfrsm;twGuf tpDtpOf
a&;qGJxm;&Sdjcif;
7/ ta&;ay:tajctae usef;rma&;vkdtyfcsufrsm;udk udkifwG,fajz&Sif;Edkif&eftwGuf
usef;rma&;vkyfom;tiftm;pkudk avhusihfxm;jcif;
8/ aoG;vSLbPfrsm;? vufawGUprf;oyfcef;rsm;? ypönf;rsm;odkavSmifonfh *dka'gifrsm;?
qufoG,fa&;tajccH taqmuftODponfh usef;rma&;0efaqmifrI uGef&ufwpfckvkH;udk
umuG,fapmifha&Smufjcif;
9/ ta&;ygaom usef;rma&;Xme taqmufttHkrsm;udk umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&ef
rnfodkUaqmif&GufEkdifaMumif; avhvmxm;&Sdjcif;
10/ obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;wGif &yf&Gmrsm;udk wGef;tm;ay;aom ae&mrS
yg0ifaqmif&Gufapjcif;
&nfnTef;csuf - Hospitals Safe from Disasters: Reduce Risk, Protect Health Facilities, Save Lives. World Health
Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia (WHO-SEARO)
3-2 usef;rma&;aq;½Hk^aq;cef;rsm;udk tm;jznfhjyKjyif&mwGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc
avQmhcsa&;tm; xnfhoGif;aygif;pyfaqmif½Gufjcif;
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif &Sd&if;usef;rma&;Xme taqmufttHktrsm;pkrSm aqmufvkyfcJhpOfu obm0ab;
tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&; pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;udk xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;rI enf;yg;ygonf/ xkdUaMumihf usef;rma&;
Xme taqmufttHkrsm;\ taqmufttHkydkif;ESifh vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIydkif;wdkYwGif tEÅ&m,f uif;&Sif;
ap&eftwGuf &Sd&if;aus;vuftaqmufttHkrsm;udk aemiftcgwGif ab;tEÅ&m,f usa&mufEdkifrI
enf;yg;EdkiforQ enf;yg;apa&; tm;jznfhwyfqifjyKjyif&ef vdktyfygonf/ yxraqmif&Guf&rnfh
vkyfief;rSm tEÅ&m,fusa&mufEdkifrItqifhrsm; azmfxkwfEdkifa&;twGuf aphpyfaocsmpGm tuJjzwf&ef
jzpfygonf/ usef;rma&;taqmufttHk 'DZdkif;ykHpHxkwfonfh uRrf;usifolrsm;? tif*sifeD,mrsm;?
Adokumrsm;ESihf aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfom;rsm;? ta&;ay:tajctae usef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;
yg0ifaom tpktzGJUu tuJjzwfcsufudk aqmif&Guf&ef jzpfygonf/ ,if;tpktzGJUtaejzifh
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 36 -
taqmufttHkydkif; csdKU,Gif;tm;enf;csufrsm;udk azmfxkwf&efomru taqmufttHkydkif;r[kwfaom
vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIydkif; csdKU,Gif;csufrsm;udkvnf; t"duxm;í azmfxkwf&ygrnf/ aemufqkH;&v'f
rsm;wGif ajz&Sif;aqmif&Guf&rnfh e,fy,frsm;udk xif&Sm;pGm azmfjy&ygrnf/
vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh tEÅ&m,frsm;udk azmfxkwfNyD;pD;onfESifhwNydKifeuf tao;pdwfjyifqifa&;ESifh
tm;jznfhwyfqifjyKjyifa&;tpDtpOfrsm;udk arQmfrSef;bwf*sufESifhtwl a&;qGJ&ygrnf/ tydkif; (3-1-2)
wGif aqG;aEG;xm;aomtpdwftydkif;rsm;udkvnf; tokH;jyKEdkifygrnf/ taqmufttHkrSm vkH;0NydKusrnfh
tEÅ&m,f &Sdaeonf[k tuJjzwfcsuf &&Sdygu ,if;taqmufttHkudk jyifqifaqmufvkyfjcif;jzifh
tEÅ&m,frsm; ydkrdkMuHKawGU&rnfhtjyif aiGaMu;vdktyfcsufvnf; ydkrdkrsm;jym;Edkifygonf/ ,if;odkUaom
tajctaersm;wGif tptqkH; jyefvnfwnfaqmufoifhaMumif; tBuHjyKygonf/
a'gufrsm; tydkwyfqifjcif; odkUr[kwf eH&Hrsm;? acgifrdk;rsm;ESifh tqufrsm;udk tm;jznfhjcif; odkUr[kwf
tjcm;tif*sifeD,mvkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmifjcif;uJhodkUaom tm;jznfhwyfqif jyKjyifjcif;twGuf
ukefusp&dwfrsm;rSm tajctaeay:rlwnfí uGJjym;jcm;em;Edkifygonf/ okdU&mwGif þuJhodkYaqmif&Guf
jcif;onf usef;rma&;Xme taqmufttHk tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&;ESifh ta&;ay:tajctaewGif
usef;rma&; jyKpkapmifha&SmufrIpepfrsm; vkHNcHKrSK&Sda&;twGuf vdktyfaom &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI jzpfEdkif
ygonf/5
&&SdEdkifaom aiGaMu;t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk axmufqí EdkifiHwpf0ef;vkH;&Sd aus;vuf
usef;rma&;Xmersm; tm;vkH;udk tm;jznfhwyfqifjyKjyif&ef rjzpfEdkifygu obm0ab; trsm;qkH;
usa&mufwwfaom e,fajra'orsm;&Sd a&G;cs,fxm;aom usef;rma&;Xmersm;\ ta&;ay:cGJpdwf
ukorI tcef;rsm;uhJodkUaom ta&;BuD;qkH;tydkif;rsm;udk OD;pm;ay;&ygrnf/
3-3 ydkrdktEÅ&m,fuif;½Sif;aom usef;rma&;pepfjzpfap&ef pGrf;aqmif&nf wnfaqmufjcif;
obm0ab;'Pfudk ydkrdkcHEdkif&nf&Sdaom usef;rma&;pepfwnfaqmuf&ef BudK;yrf;tm;xkwf&mü
pGrf;aqmif&nf wnfaqmufa&; t"duvkyfief; (3)&yfudk pDpOfaqmif&GufEdkifygonf/
3-3-1 aqmufvkyfa&;u@ vkyfom;rsm;? ynm&Sifrsm;ESifh pDrHudef;a&;qGJolrsm;twGuf
pGrf;aqmif&nf wnfaqmufjcif;
aqmufvkyfa&;u@wGif vkyfom;rsm;udk pGrf;aqmif&nfwnfaqmuf&mü atmufygwdkUudk xnfhoGif;
pOf;pm;&ygrnf/
1/ aq;½kHrsm;\ vkyfief;aqmif&GufrI vkyfief;ydkif; txl;ojzifh aq;½Hk½Sd XmetoD;oD;ESifh aq;½Hk
u ay;tyfaom ukorIESifh 0efaqmifrIrsm;tMum; nd§EdIif;aygif;pyfaqmif&GufrIESifh pyfvsOf;í
tif*sifeD,mrsm;ESifh Adokumrsm;\ odjrifem;vnfrIudk jr§ifhwif&ef vdktyfygonf/ odkUrSom
ynm&Sifrsm;onf usef;rma&;taqmufttHkrsm;udk 'DZdkif;ykHpHxkwf&mwGif aq;0g;ukorI
vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIudk taxmuftuljyKonfh 'DZdkif;yHkpHrsm; azmfxkwfEdkifygrnf/
How to safeguard health facilities, WHO.
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 37 -
2/ taqmufttHkrsm;\ vkyfief;aqmif&GufrItydkif;udkvnf; wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif xnhfoGif;
pOf;pm;jyD; ab;'PftrsKd;rsKd;cHEdkif&nf&Sdaprnfh oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;udk aq;½kH'DZdkif;rsm;wGif
xnfhoGif;aqmufvkyf&ef tif*sifeD,mrsm;ESifh Adokumrsm;tm; ynmay;jcif;? xdkuJhodkU
aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh aemiftcgwGif ydkrkdoifhawmfNyD; ab;uif;vHkjcHKaom aq;½kHaqmufvkyf&ef
ae&mrsm; a&G;cs,fjcif;ESifhywfoufí NrdKUjyESifh zGHUNzdK;a&;pDrHudef; a&;qGJolrsm;tm; ynmay;NyD;
jzpfygrnf/
3/ txl;ojzifh vuform;rsm;ESifh yef;&Hrsm; uJhodkUaom e,fajra'owGif;rS aqmufvkyfa&;
vkyfief; vkyfudkifolrsm;udk avhusihfoifwef;ay;jcif;? vkyfief;aqmif&Gufonfhae&mwGifyif
vufawGUoifMum;ay;jcif;ESifh ydkrdkab;uif;vHkjcHKaom aqmufvkyfa&;enf;vrf;rsm;\ ta&;
ygykH oabmw&m;ydkif;udk oif,ljcif;wdkUudk aygif;pyfaqmif&Guf&ef jzpfygonf/
usef;rma&;vkyfom;rsm; pGrf;aqmif&nfwnfaqmufjcif;
usef;rma&;vkyfom;rsm;tm; obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&; udpö&yfrsm;qdkif&m
todynm jr§ifhwifay;jcif;tm;jzifh ydkrdkítoifhjzpfaom vkyfom;tiftm; &&Sda&;udk yhHydk;ay;Ekdifyg
rnf/ þodkYjzifh ,if;vkyfom;rsm;onf ydkrdkab;uif;vHk;jcHKaomaq;½kHrsm;qdkif&m t,ltq\ wpfpdwf
wpfa'otjzpf obm0ab;avsmhyg;a&;qdkif&m tcef;u@rsm;udk em;vnfoabmaygufNyD;
a&SUqufaqmif&GufEdkifonfhpGrf;&nfESifh qE&Sdaprnf jzpfygonf/ obm0ab;rsm;ESifh ta&;ay:
tajctaersm;twGuf BudKwifjyifqifa&;ESifh wHkUjyefa&;qdkif&m pGrf;aqmif&nf jr§ifhwif&ef
q&m0efrsm;? olemjyKrsm;? om;zGm;q&mrrsm;? jynfolYusef;rma&;vkyfief; aqmif&Gufolrsm;?
apwemh0efxrf;rsm;tygt0if usef;rma&; jyKpkapmifha&SmufrI vkyfom;rsm;tm;vkH; yg0if&ygrnf/
pGrf;aqmif&nfwnfaqmufonfh tpDtpOfrsm;wGif enf;ynmuRrf;usifrI trsKd;rsKd;ESifh vkyfief;
aqmif&GufrI uRrf;usifrIwdkU yg0if&ef vdktyfygonf/ usef;rma&;jyKpkapmifha&SmufrI 0efxrf;rsm;
teuf aus;vufa'orsm;wGif olemjyKrsm;ESihf om;zGm;q&mrrsm;onf ta&twGuftm;jzihf
trsm;qkH;jzpfNyD; usef;rma&; 0efaqmifrItrsKd;rsKd; jznfhqnf;ay;&ef a&SUwef;rS aqmif&GufEdkifygonf/
usef;rma&; jyKpkapmifha&SmufrI vkyfom;rsm;tm; avhusifhoifwef;ay;oifhaom taMumif;t&m
rsm;udk atmufygtwdkif; tBuHjyKazmfjyygonf/
jynfolrsm;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&;ESifh taxGaxG tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefUcGJrI
pDrHudef;a&;qGJonfhvkyfief;pOf? axmufyhHa&;ESifh ydkUaqmifa&; pDpOfxm;½Sdjcif;? pHowfrSwfxm;
aom obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&; vkyfief;aqmif&Gufonfh vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;
rsm;? t&if;tjrpfrsm; enf;yg;aepOf odkUr[kwf xdcdkufysufpD;aepOf vkyfief;aqmif&Gufjcif;?
tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;&modkU a&TUajymif;jcif;ESifh ½kyftavmif;rsm;udk oN*ØK[fjcif;? ta&;ay:
tajctaersm;wGif xda&mufaom acgif;aqmifrIay;a&;rlrsm;? obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc
avQmhcsa&;ESifh usef;rma&;qdkif&m yhHydk;rIay;a&; tpDtrHrsm; vkyfief;aqmif&GufEdkifrI (tusKd;
pD;yGm; yg0ifywfoufol toD;oD;\ tcef;u@rsm;ESifh wm0efrsm;ponf) tygt0if ta&;ay:
tajctaetwGuf BudKwifjyifqifjcif;
usef;rma&;jyKpkapmifha&SmufrItpDtrHrsm; jyKjyifxdef;odrf;jcif;
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
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usef;rma&; vdktyfcsufrsm;udk tvsiftjref tuJjzwfjcif;? ul;pufa&m*g jzpfyGm;Edkifajc
apmifhMunfhppfaq; azmfxkwfjcif;ESifh oifhawmfaom xdef;csKyfa&;tpDtrHrsm; csrSwfusifhoHk;jcif;
uJhodkUaom usef;rma&;tEÅ&m,frsm;ESifh tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&; udpö&yfrsm;udk azmfxkwfjcif;
MudKwif owday;onfh owif;tcsuftvuf &&Sda&;ESifh wHkUjyefaqmif½GufyHk
ta&;ay:tajctaersm;wGif rSwfwrf;wifjcif;? tpD&ifcHwifjyjcif;ESifh rSwfwrf;rSwf&m xm;&Sd
jcif; rlrsm;
pdwfvlrIa&;ydkif; wHkUjyefrIrsm;ESifh ESpfodrfhaqG;aEG;ynmay;jcif;tygt0if ukoyhHydk;ay;jcif;
a&ESifhywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&;tygt0if usef;rma&;ESifh nDñGwfaom ywf0ef;usif jzpfapjcif;
aq;½kHrsm;toifhtaetxm;&Sdjcif;
tm[m&jynfh0a&;vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;
aoqkH;olrsm;? aysmufqkH;olrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í pDrHcefUcGJjcif;
t&if;tjrpfrsm;&,ltokH;jyKEdkifjcif;ESifh
SPHERE pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;
em*pfrkefwdkif;rwdkufcwfrDuyif usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xmeu wm0ef,laqmif&Gufaeaom rSwfom;zG,f
&m pGrf;aqmif&nf wnfaqmufa&; vkyfief;wpf&yfrSm usef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;tm; obm0ab;
aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;qdkif&m tajccH oifwef;ay;jcif; jzpfygonf/ ¤if;oifwef;udk vlrI
0efxrf;? u,fq,fa&;ESifh jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&; 0efBuD;Xme\ tultnDjzifh aqmif&Gufygonf/
odkU&mwGif bwf*suf tuefUtowf&Sdjcif;aMumifh oifwef;rsm;udk awmif;qdkcsuft&om ydkUcsygonf/
rav;&Sm;EdkifiH MERCY Malaysia tzGJU? Cesvi ? urÇmhusef;rma&;tzGJU (WHO) ? Merlin ? Care
Myanmar ? Malteser International ? Amara uhJodkUaom EdkifiHwum rdwfzuftzGJUtpnf;rsm;
\ yhHydk;rIjzifh a&&Snfvkyfief; tpDtpOfwpf&yfudk aqmif&Gufoifhygonf/ usef;rma&;0efBuD;XmeESifh
rdwfzuftzGJUtpnf;rsm;tMum; em*pfjyefvnfxlaxmifa&; umvtwGif; tquftoG,frsm;
tm;aumif;vmchJjcif;aMumifh EdkifiHwum enf;ynmydkif; uRrf;usifrIrsm;udk ydkrdkí &,ltokH;jyKEdkifNyD;
EdkifiHtwGif;&Sd usef;rma&; vkyfom;rsm;tm; tusKd;aus;Zl; jzpfxGef;apEdkifygonf/
pdwfvlrIa&;ydkif; yhHydk;rIudpö&yfESifhpyfvsOf;í jrefrmEdkifiHMuufajceDtoif; (MRCS) onf pdwfvlrIa&;
ydkif; jyKpkapmifha&SmufrIqdkif&m MuufajceD0efxrf;rsm;ESifh MuufajceDapwemh0efxrf;rsm;twGuf
tzGJUtpnf;twGif; oifwef;ay;&mwGif OD;aqmifyg0ifaqmif&GufchJygonf/ xdkUtjyif UNDP onf
Action Aid tzGJUESifh yl;aygif;vsuf jyif;xefpGmxdcdkufcHpm;&rI udpö&yfudk udkifwG,fajz&Sif;jcif;qdkif&m
oifwef;udk bkef;awmfBuD;rsm;? oDv&Sifrsm;? q&m? q&mrrsm;ESifh tjcm;&yf&GmtwGif; OD;aqmif
yk*¾dKvfrsm;? udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tm; ydkYcsEdkifa&; aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdygonf/ UNDP \ ]em*pfqdkifuvkef;
rkefwdkif; apmpD;pGm jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;tpDtpOf} t& NrdKUe,f (5)NrdKUe,frS vli,f (60)wdkUtm;
pdppfí pdwfvlrIa&;ydkif;qdkif&m yhHydk;rIay;a&; enf;vrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef;ay;chJygonf/
þvkyfief;aMumifh NrdKUe,f(5)NrdKUe,f&Sd aus;&Gm(156)&GmwGif tusKd;aus;Zl;jzpfxGef;chJygonf/ xkdUtjyif
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 39 -
pdwfvlrIa&;ydkif;yhHydk;rI owif;tcsuftvufrsm; jznfhqnf;ay;aom owif;tcsuftvufXmersm;
udk aus;&Gm (30)wdkUwGif prf;oyfzGifhvSpfchJygonf/6
odjrifem;vnfrI jr§ifhwifa&;vkyfief;rsm;jzifh trsm;jynfol\ pGrf;aqmif&nfudk wnfaqmufay;jcif;
obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;qdkif&mESifh ta&;ay: tajctaersm;wGif usef;rma&;
udpö&yfrsm;qdkif&m e,fajrcH &yf&Gmrsm;\ pGrf;aqmif&nf tm;aumif;apa&; aqmif&Guf&mü ¤if;wdkU
tm; vufiif;jyóemrsm;udk ajz&Sif;a&;twGuf tultnDay;&efudkom t"duxm;í aqmif&Guf&ef
r[kwfbJ &yf&GmzGHUNzdK;a&;twGuf umv&Snf arQmfrSef;csufxm;&Sd&efvnf; vdktyfygonf/ &yf&Gmrsm;
taejzifhvnf; rdrdwdkU\ vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;taMumif; ydkrdkod&Sdvmrnfom
jzpfygonf/ trsm;jynfol odjrifem;vnfa&; vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;udk *½kwpdkuf pDpOfaqmif&Gufjcif;
jzifh OD;wnf&nf&G,folrsm;xH odapvdkonfh tcsuftvufrsm; a&muf½Sdapa&;twGuf atmuf
azmfjyyg OD;wnfcsufrsm;jzifh aqmif&Guf&ygrnf/
&yf&Gmjynfolvlxkonf odjrifem;vnfNyD; Edk;Mum;rI&Sdygu ¤if;wdkYonf usef;rma&; 0efaqmif
rIrsm;udk t&nftaoG;xdef;csKyf&mwGif yg0ifEdkifap&ef
ydkrdkaumif;rGefaom wpfudk,f&nfoefU&Sif;a&; b0aexkdifrIyHkpH jzpfay:vmapa&;twGuf
oabmxm;rsm; ajymif;vJvmap&ef
txl;ojzifh aus;vufa'o tajctaersm;wGif jynfolvlxktm; atmufygwdkUudk od&Sdem;vnf
apoifhygonf/
usef;rma&;ESifh nDnGwfaom pm;aomufyHk tavhtusifhrsm;
tajccHwpfudk,f&nfusef;rma&;tavhtusihfrsm;
ul;pufwwfaom a&m*grsm;qdkif&m tajccHtcsuftvufrsm;ESifh ¤if;wdkUudk ab;jzpfyGm;csdef
wGif a&Smif&Sm;ykH
tavmif;rsm; udkifwG,fjcif;ESifh pyfvsOf;í tajccHtodynm (wHkUjyefrI odkUr[kwf u,fq,f
a&; vkyfief;BuD;rsm; pwifraqmif&GufEdkifrD tavmif;rsm;udk z,f&Sm;&ef jzpfygonf/)
em*pfwHkUjyefrIESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifrItqifhrsm;wGif owif;tcsuftvuf? ynmay;a&;ESifh
qufoG,fajymqdka&; (IEC) pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;pGmudk jyKpkí us,fus,fjyefUjyefU jzefUa0chJNyD; jzpfyg
onf/ bmom&yfe,fy,frsm;rSm ul;pufwwfaom a&m*grsm;qdkif&m owif;tcsuftvufrsm;?
usef;rma&;ESifh nDnGwfaom a&aomufjcif;ESifh ywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&;? obm0ab; trsKd;rsKd;ESifh
pyfvsOf;onfh tajccH ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&; tcsuftvufrsm; yg0ifygonf/ &Sd&if;vkyfief;rsm;udk
EdkifiH\ tjcm;a'orsm;odkUvnf; wdk;csJUEkdifygonf/ ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfyGm;avh&Sdaom e,fajra'orsm;
udk a&G;cs,fvsuf prf;oyfvkyfief;rsm;udk OD;pGmaqmif&GufEdkifygonf/ odkU&mwGif vuf&Sd IEC pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;udk e,fajra'ovdktyfcsufrsm;? obm0ab;tEÅ&m,f\ oabmobm0wdkUtay:
rlwnfí jyefvnfjyifqif&ef vdktyfEdkifaMumif; owdjyK&ygrnf/ xdkaMumifh prf;oyfvkyfief;
Community Driven Recovery: Cyclone Nargis One Year On (2009) United Nations Development Programme.
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 40 -
aqmif&Gufrnfh e,fajropf\a'owGif; vdktyfcsufrsm;udk owfrSwfqkH;jzwfEdkif&efESifh &Sd&if;
todynmtajccHudk azmfxkwfEkdif&ef yPmravhvmcsuf jyKvkyf&ygrnf/ usef;rma&;0efBuD;XmeESifh
rdwfzufjzpfonfh tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;wGif trsm;jynfol odjrifem;vnfrI jr§ifhwifa&;
vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&Gufonfh tawGUtBuHKrsm;pGm &SdESifhNyD;jzpfygonf/ trsKd;om;tqihf pme,fZif;?
a&'D,dk? ½kyfjrifoHMum;? rD'D,mwdkUudkvnf; tokH;jyKEdkifygonf/ usef;rma&;0efBuD;XmeESifh rdwfzuf
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tMum; yl;aygif;vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;onf jynfolvlxkxHodkU xda&mufpGm a&muf&Sd
Edkifygonf/
3-4 aus;vufusef;rma&;XmetwGuf obm0ab; BudKwifjyifqifa&;ESifh wHkUjyefa&;
tpDtpOfrsm;udk jyKpkjcif;
obm0ab;usa&mufNyD;aemuf aus;vufusef;rma&;Xmersm; acsmarGUpGm vkyfief;vnfywf
aqmif&GufEdkif&eftwGuf obm0ab;rsm; BudKwifjyifqifa&;ESifh wHkUjyefa&;tpDtpOf a&;qGJjcif;rSm
yxrajcvSrf;jzpfygonf/ xdkuJhodkY tpDtpOfxm;&Sdjcif;jzifh ta&;ay:ukorI vdktyfaeoltm;vkH;
twGuf vQifjrefxda&mufaom aq;0g;jyKpkukorI? apmihfa&SmufrIrsm;udk aqmif&Gufay;Edkifygrnf/
obm0ab;aMumifh a&m*gjzpfyGm;jcif;? toufaoqkH;jcif;wdkUudkvnf; enf;EdkiforQ enf;yg;aprnf
jzpfygonf/
txl;ojzihf aus;vufa'orsm;wGif usef;rma&;Xme BudKwifjyifqifa&;pDrHcsufudk &yf&Gm
obm0ab; BudKwifjyifqifa&;tpDtpOfrsm;ESifh nd§EdIif;aygif;pyfí odkUr[kwf csdwfqufí
aqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfygonf/ usef;rma&;XmeESifh 0efaqmifrIrsm;tay:wGif jynfolvlxkuomvQif
rSDcdkae&jcif;r[kwfbJ aus;vufusef;rma&;Xmersm;ü &&SdEdkifaom vlUpGrf;tm;t&if;tjrpfrsm;
tuefUtowf&Sdjcif;aMumifh usef;rma&;Xme tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&;? ab;jzpfyGm;onfh tajctaewGif
vkyfief;vnfywf aqmif&GufEkdifa&;twGuf usef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;uvnf; jynfolvlxktay:wGif
tm;udk;tm;xm;jyK&rnf jzpfygonf/ obm0ab;usa&mufNyD;aemuf usef;rma&;Xme jyifqifjcif;
uhJodkUaom vkyfief;rsm;twGufvnf; &yf&GmvlxkxH tultnD awmif;cH&rnf jzpfygonf/ þodkYjzihf
usef;rma&;Xme BudKwifjyifqifa&;tpDtpOf a&;qGJ&mü &yf&GmvlxkESifh usef;rma&;XmewdkY
tjyeftvSef rSDcdktm;xm;a&;udk xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;&ygrnf/
azmfjyyg vkyfief;rsm;aqmif&Guf&mü vkyfaqmifEdkifonfh tqifhrsm;udk atmufwGif tao;pdwf
tBuHjyK azmfjyxm;ygonf/
3-4-1 pDrHcsufa&;qGJa&;aumfrwD^tpktzGJU^taxmuftuljyK vkyfief;tzGJU zGJUpnf;jcif;
obm0ab; BudKwifjyifqifa&;ESifh wHkUjyefa&; pDrHcsuf aumfrwD^tpktzGJU^vkyfief;tzGJUudk zGJUpnf;
&ef vdktyfygonf/ usef;rma&;XmetBuD;tuJESifh tjcm;aom ta&;ygonfh yk*¾dKvfrsm;? olemjyKtkyf?
ta&;ygaom q&m0efrsm;^txl;ukq&m0efrsm;tm; aumfrwD^tpktzGJU^taxmuftuljyKvkyfief;
tzGJUwGif yg0if&ef zdwfMum;&ygrnf/ &yf&GmrS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;onfvnf; aumfrwD^tpktzGJU^
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 41 -
taxmuftuljyKtzGJUwGif yg0if&ygrnf/ txl;ojzifh e,fajra'otwGif; obm0ab;aMumifh
qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;qdkif&mvkyfief;rsm; odkUr[kwf qufpyfvkyfief;rsm;udk wm0ef,lolrsm;
yg0ifoifhygonf/ aumfrwD^ tpktzGJU^ taxmuftuljyKvkyfief;tzGJU\ t"duwm0efrSm tydkif;
(3-5-2)wGif azmfjyxm;aomtcsuftvufrsm;tay: tajccHí pDrHcsufrlMurf;a&;qGJ&ef jzpfygonf/
pmpk - 5
aq;½kHrsm;twGuf obm0ab; BudKwifjyifqifa&;ESifh wHkYjyefa&; pDrHcsuf a&;qGJa&; t"duvrf;ñTef
rlrsm;
BudKwifcefUrSef;Edkifjcif; - aq;½kH\ obm0ab;pDrHcsufwGif BudKwifcefUrSef;Edkifaom pDrH
cefUcGJrI uGif;qufyg&Sd&rnf jzpfygonf/
½dk;&Sif;jcif;ESifh uspfvspfjynfhpHkjcif; - tpDtpOfrSm ½dk;&Sif;NyD; vufawGU vkyfaqmifEdkif&ygrnf/
ajymif;vJjyifqif&ef vG,fuljcif; - pDrHcsufrSm obm0ab;trsKd;rsKd;twGuf ykHpHtrsKd;rsKd;?
tydkif;u@trsKd;rsKd;wGif vkyfaqmifEdkif&ygrnf/
BudKwifarQmfrSef;jcif; - aq;½kH\ pDrHcsufrsm;tm;vkH;wGif tqkd;qkH; jzpf&yftajctaeudk
xnhfoGif; pOf;pm;vsuf a&;qGJ&ygrnf/
a'otqifh obm0ab; usef;rma&;pDrHcsuf\ wpdwfwa'otjzpf yg0ifjcif; - aq;½kH
wpf½kHonf pDrHcsufrsm;udk oD;jcm;a&;qGJEdkifaom tzGJUtpnf;wpfck r[kwfyg/ odkYygí
pepfwus taumiftxnfazmfEdkif&eftwGuf a'otqifh? wdkif;a'oBuD;^ jynfe,f^
c½dkif^NrdKUe,f pDrHcsufrsm;ESifh aygif;pyfaqmif&Guf&ygrnf/
3-4-2 obm0ab; BudKwifjyifqifa&;ESifh wHkUjyefa&;pDrHcsuf a&;qGJjcif; 7
obm0ab;BudKwifjyifqifa&;ESifh wHkUjyefa&;pDrHcsuf\ ta&;ygaom tpdwftydkif;rsm;udk
atmufwGif tusOf;tm;jzifh azmfjyxm;ygonf/
pDrHcsuf\ &nf&G,fcsuf
o ta&;ay:vkyfief;rsm;ESifh wHkUjyefrItwGuf pHowfrSwfxm;aom vkyfief;aqmif&Gufonfh
vkyfxkH;vkyfenf; (SOP) rsm; azmfxkwfí 0efxrf;rsm;? vlemrsm;? {nfhonfrsm;ESifh &yf&Gm
tay: oufa&mufrI &SdEdkifonfh a'owGif;ESifh a'ojyify obm0ab;tajctae
ESpf&yfpvkH;udk wHkUjyef&ef
o obm0ab;jzpfyGm;onfhtajctaewGif vlyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;csif;ESifh tzGJUrsm;\ wm0efrsm;udk
&Sif;vif;pGm owfrSwfxm;&ef
tajctaersm;ESifh,lqcsufrsm;wGif ta&;ay:tajctae jzpfEkdifajc trsKd;rsKd;qdkif&m owif;
tcsuftvufrsm; yg0ifygonf/ Oyrm- vlaoqkH;rI? xdcdkuf'Pf&m&&SdrI rsm;jym;aom
Hospital Disaster Plan, Wisconsin Department of Health Services.
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 42 -
obm0ab;BuD;rsm;? aoqkH;rI? xdcdkuf'Pf&m&&SdrIenf;yg;aom obm0ab;? tzGJUtpnf;
&yf&GmtwGif; jzpfyGm;aom ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; Oyrm- usef;rma&;XmewGif rD;avmifjcif;wdkU
jzpfygonf/ aq;½kHteD;ywf0ef;usifwGif jzpfyGm;Edkifaom ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;qdkif&m owif;
tcsuftvufrsm;udkvnf; tusOf;rQ azmfjyxm;Edkifygonf/
aqmif&GufrIvrf;aMumif;rsm;rSm tqifhtoD;oD;wGif wm0efcHaqmif½Gufrnfholrsm;udk
owfrSwfazmfjyygonf/ Z,m;ykHpHjzihf azmfjyxm;ygu taumif;qkH;jzpfygonf/
pHowfrSwfxm;aom vkyfief;aqmif&Gufonfh vrf;nTefcsufrsm;wGif atmufygwdkUtwdkif;
tkyfpkcGJí pHowfrSwfxm;aom vkyfief;aqmif&Gufonfh vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;udk xnhfoGif;
azmfjy&ygrnf/
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tao;pdwf azmfjy&ygrnf/ owif;tcsuftvufrsm; acsmarGUpGm pD;qif;Edkif&eftwGuf
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pOf;pm;&rnfh tcsufrsm;rSm aq;½kHaq;cef;twGif; qufoG,fajymqdka&;ESifh aq;½Hk
aq;cef;jyify qufoG,fa&;wdkU jzpfygonf/ aq;½kHaq;cef;twGif; qufoG,fajymqdka&;
qdkonfhrSm XmewpfckESifh wpfcktMum; qufoG,fajymqdkrI jzpfygonf/ (XmewpfckrS
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ar;jref;vmrIrsm;udk ajzMum;&ef jzpfygonf/ (0efxrf;rsm; rtm;vyfygu &yf&GmtwGif;rS
wwfuRrf;em;vnfolwpfOD;udk tultnDawmif;cHí jyifyESifhqufoG,fa&;udk aqmif&Guf
ay;apEkdifygonf/) þtydkif;wGif usef;rma&;Xmersm;ESifh &yf&Gmvlxk^Xmeqdkif&m
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azmfjyxm;Edkifygonf/
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jcif; - vlyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;csif;twGuf tao;pdwfvkyfief;wm0ef twdtus (txl;ojzifh
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aqmifwGif jyif;xefpGm xdckduf'Pf&m&aom vlemrsm;udk ukoay;jcif; (vlemrSwfykHwif
jcif;? OD;pm;ay;&rnhfolrsm;? ,cifaq;rSwfwrf;rsm;udk &,lEkdifykH? rSwfwrf;topfrsm;
xm;&SdykH ponf)? tavmif;rsm;udk udkifwG,fjcif; (rSwfykHwifjcif;? rnfolrnf0gjzpfaMumif;
azmfxkwfjcif;ponf)/ xdkUtjyif þtydkif;wGif aq;½kH? aq;cef;twGif;ESifh tjyifrS
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t&if;tjrpf jyifqifpkaqmif;&mwGif teD;qkH; usef;rma&;tmPmydkif½kH;ESifh qufoG,f
jcif;? tultnD awmif;cHjcif;wkdUudk ydkrkdí t"duxm; azmfjyoifhygonf/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
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o tEÅ&m,fuif;&modkU ajymif;a&TUa&; tpDtpOf - taqmufttHk xdckdufysufpD;ygu
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tzGJU) ESifh pDrHcsufaqmif&Gufrnfh tcsdefZ,m;? tcsdefumvowfrSwfí pDrHcsufudk jyefvnf
jyifqif&ef wm0ef,lrnfholrsm; (pDrHcsufa&;qGJa&; aumfrwD^tpktzGJU^taxmuftuljyK
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jzpfygonf/
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pDrHcsuf&Sdygu xnhfoGif;xm;Edkifygonf/ taqmufttHk\ tcef;zGJUpnf;ykH? ywf0ef;usifa'orsm;jy
ajrykHESifh owfrSwfxm;aom tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;onfh e,fajrrsm;udk xnhfoGif;azmfjy&ygrnf/ ,if;
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taqmufttHktwGif; rD;ab;umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&; tpDtrHrsm; jzpfygonf/ taMumif;rSm
rD;ab;onf jrefrmEdkifiHwGif &yf&Gmrsm;ü tjzpftrsm;qkH; ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;ü yg0ifjcif;aMumifh
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xm;aom pHowfrSwfxm;onfh vkyfief;aqmif&Gufa&; vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;wGif yg0ifEdkifygonf/
3-5 usef;rma&;ESifhqufpyfonfh tjcm;u@rsm;wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc
avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Gufa&;
3-5-1 a&ay;a0jcif;? ywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&;ESifh wpfudk,f&nfoefU&Sif;a&; WASH
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif aus;vufjynfolvlxkonf rdrdwdkYaexkdif&mae&mteD;&Sd a&t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk rSDcdk
tm;xm;Mu&ygonf/ Oyrm- aus;&Gma&uef odkUr[kwf jrpfacsmif;rsm;jzpfygonf/ aus;&Gmrsm;wGif
trsKd;orD;rsm;ESifh rdef;uav;rsm; t"duyg0ifaom vltrsm;tjym;onf rdom;pktwGuf a&udk
a0;uGmaomae&mrS oGm;a&mufpkaqmif; cyf,l&ojzifh tcsdefrsm;pGm ukefygonf/ tEÅ&m,f
ruif;onfh oefU&Sif;a&;tavhtusifhrsm;jzpfaom pD;qif;aeonfh a&twGif;odkU tnpftaMu;rsm;
pGefUypfjcif; tygt0if taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;aMumifh ,if;a&t&if;tjrpfrsm;rSm tvG,fwul npfnrf;
Edkifygonf/ a&ESifh ywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&;pepfrsm; ysufpD;jcif;aMumifh ¤if;wdkYESifh oufqdkifaom
0efaqmifrIrsm; jywfawmufNyD;^ obm0ab;jzpfyGm;ygu tEÅ&m,fonf ydkrdkBuD;rm;vmygonf/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
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onf/ ,m,DcdkvHI&mae&mrsm;ESifh pcef;rsm;wGif vlrsm;vGef;jcif;onf rMumcPjzpfyGm;avh&Sdonfh
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rlvuyif xdcdkufcH&vG,faom tajctaersm;onf touftEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifonftxd qkd;&Gm;vmEdkif
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pmpk - 6
ta&;ay: tajctaewGif a&ESifh ywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&; 0efaqmifrIrsm; ta&;ygykH
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twGuf txl;ta&;BuD;ygonf/
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jyKpkapmihfa&SmufrI t&nftaoG;onf avsmhenf;vmrnf jzpfygonf/
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jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
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- 45 -
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rsm; xkwfvkyf&ef pOfqufrjywf a&&&Sd&ef vdktyfygonf/
&nfnTef;csuf - The Challenge in Disaster Reduction for the Water and Sanitation Sector: Improving Quality of
Life By Reducing Vulnerabilities (2006) PAHO. UNISDR, UNICEF and IFRC.
tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;aom aomufokH;a&ESifh ywf0ef;usif oefU&Sif;a&; tpDtrHrsm;udk tNrJwap
tvkHtavmuf &&SdEdkifap&ef aqmif&Guf&mü atmufygtcsufrsm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;oifhygonf/
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rsm; aqmufvkyf&mwGif a&odkavSmifuefrsm; odkUr[kwf ywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&; tpDtrH
rsm;ü obm0ab;'Pf cHEdkif&nf&Sdaponfh oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;udk xnhfoGif;aqmufvkyf
&ygrnf/ Oyrm- a&vTrf;rdk;wwfaom e,fajra'orsm;wGif npfnrf;rIrjzpfap&efESifh ysufpD;
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aqmufvkyfjcif; ponfwkdU jzpfygonf/
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zkH;tkyfxm;aom tdrfomrsm; aqmufvkyfa&;ESifh ywfoufí &yf&Gm\ odjrifem;vnfrIudk
jr§ifhwifay;jcif;? obm0ywf0ef;usifudk rxdcdkufapbJ Mum&SnftoHk;jyKEdkifaom a&pkaqmif;
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pepfrsm; (aus;&GmtwGif;wGif a&jzefUa0&eftwGuf yvyfpwpfydkufrsm;tpm; 0g;udk
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aqmufvkyfNyD;pD;aom a&odkavSmifa&; tpDtrHrsm;? odkavSmifuefrsm;ü tzkH;ttkyfrsm;
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xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 46 -
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wGif owfrSwfazmfjyxm;aom a&ESifhywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&; taxmuftulypönf;rsm;
twGuf tedrfhqkH;jynfhrD&rnfh pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;udk ,m,D0efaqmifrI jznfhqnf;ay;olrsm;
(t"dutm;jzifh tif*sDtdkrsm; odkUr[kwf ukvor*¾ tzGJUtpnf;rsm;) u twdtus
vdkufem&ef vdktyfygonf/
trsm;jynfol odjrifem;vnfrI jr§ifhwifa&;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;? &yf&GmtwGif;wGif ynmay;a&;
vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm; vkyfaqmifjcif;? aqmufvkyfNyD; taqmufttHkrsm;udk jyKjyifxdef;odrf;
onfh tavhtxudk jr§ifhwifay;jcif;
WASH pDrHcsufrsm; pDpOfjcif;ESifh vufawGUtaumiftxnfazmfjcif;? &yf&GmrS wuf<upGm
yg0ifvmapa&; tm;ay;jcif;wdkY jzpfygonf/
usef;rma&;u@wGif em*pfjyefvnfxlaxmifa&; aqmif&Guf&mü apmihfMunfhppfaq;aompepf
aumif;rGefjcif;? tcsdefrDvkyfief;aqmif&Gufjcif;rsm;udk [efcsufnD aygif;pyfaqmif&GufEdkifjcif;aMumifh
avab;jzpfyGm;NyD;aemuf a&m*gjzpfyGm;rI BuD;BuD;rm;rm;r&SdapbJ umuG,fwm;qD;Edkifygonf/
usef;rma&; jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;tzGJUudk usef;rma&;0efBuD;XmeESifh urÇmhusef;rma&;tzGJU WHO
wdkUu yl;aygif;í OD;aqmifchJNyD; MudKwif owday;jcif;ESifh wHkUjyefjcif;pepf (EWARS) udk pwifusihfokH;
chJygonf/ ,if;pepfjzifh avab;aMumifh xdcdkufaom e,fajra'orsm;wGif a&rSwqifh ul;puf
jyefUyGm;aom a&m*grsm; jzpfyGm;jcif;r&Sdap&ef atmifjrifpGm wm;qD;umuG,fEdkifchJygonf/ MudKwif
owday;jcif;ESifh wHkUjyefjcif;pepf (EWARS) ESifhpyfvsOf;í aemufxyftcsuftvufrsm;udk
aemufqufwGJ (1) wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/
pmpk – 7
ta&;ay:tajctaersm;ESifh obm0ab;rsm; usa&mufpOf a&ESifhpyfvsOf;í tajccHtnTef;udef;rsm;
a&&&SdEdkifrIESifh &&SdonfhyrmP
aomufokH;&ef? tpm;tpmcsufjyKwf&ef? wpfudk,f&nf oefU&Sif;a&;ESifh tdrfwGif;oefU&Sif;a&;wdkY
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 47 -
aqmif&Guf&eftwGuf ysrf;rQvdktyfaoma&yrmP – aeUpOf wpfOD;vQif (15) vDwm
usef;rma&;Xmersm;wGif a&vdktyfcsuf- vlemwpfOD;vQif wpfaeU vDwm (40) rS (60) txd
a&cyf,l&onfhae&mESifh aetdrftMum; rydkvGefoihfaom trsm;qkH;tuGmta0; rDwm (500)
a&cyf,lEdkifaomae&mrsm;udk jyKjyifxdef;odrf;rI &Sd&ygrnf/ odkUrSom tNrJwapvkHavmufaom
a&yrmP &½SdEkdifygrnf/
a&t&nftaoG;
ta&;ay: tajctaewGif a&t&if;tjrpftopfrsm;udk tokH;jyK&ef vdktyfygonf/ a& (100)
rDvDvDwmwGif zDu,fudkvdkif (fecal coli) ac: rpifwGifygaom bufwD;&D;,m; a&m*gydk; (10)
aumif xuf rydkoihfyg/
a&ydkufjzifh oG,f,laom a&wGif uvdk½dk'f t<uif;tusef yg0ifrIEIef;rSm (1) vDwmvQif (0.2)
rDvD*&rf rS (0.4) rDvD*&rf omvQif &Sdoifhygonf/ a&\aemufusdrIrSm (5) NTU xuf
avsmhenf; oifhygonf/
a&wGif aysmf0ifvsufyg&Sdaom tpdkiftcJ pkpkaygif;rSm (1) vDwmvQif (1000) rDvD*&rf xuf
rydkvGefoihfyg/
&nfnTef;csuf - SPHERE vlom;csif;pmema&; y#dnmOfESifh obm0ab;wHkUjyefrIqdkif&m tedrhfqkH; jynhfrD&rnfh
pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;? a&ay;a0rIqdkif&m pHcsdefpHEIef; (1) - a&&½SdEdkifrIESifh &&SdEdkifonfh a&yrmPrsm;
3-5-2 pm;eyf&du©mzlvkHrIESifh tm[m&jynfh0rI
SPHERE vufpGJpmtkyfwGif azmfjyxm;onfhtwdkif; pm;eyf&du©m&&SdEdkifrIESifh vkHavmufaom tm[m&
jynfh0rI tqifhtwef;udk xdef;odrf;xm;&SdrIwdkUonf obm0ab;jzpfyGm;csdefü vltrsm; touf
&SifoefEdkif&eftwGuf ta&;ygaom tvSnfhtajymif;jzpfaponfhtcsufrsm; jzpfygonf/ EdkifiHawmf
twGuf pm;eyf&du©m trsm;qHk; xkwfvkyfay;&m aus;vufa'orsm;wGif obm0ab;\ xdcdkufrI
aMumifh pufrIukefxkwfvkyfrIpGrf;&nf trsm;tjym;ysufpD;NyD; us,fus,fjyefUjyefU *,uf½dkufEdkifygonf/
odkU&mwGif pm;eyf&du©m rzlvkHrIjyóemrsm;onf rsm;aomtm;jzifh taMumif;tcsuf trsKd;rsKd;
aygif;pyfí jzpfyGm;aMumif; todtrSwfjyK&efvdktyfygonf/ pm;eyf&du©m trsKd;tpm; pHkvifpGm
r&&SdEdkifrI odkUr[kwf jywfvyfrI? 0ifaiGr&SdrIESifh usef;rma&;ESifh nDnGwfaom tpm;tpm pm;okH;onfh
tavhtusihf r&SdrI? vlxktwGuf tm[m&jynhf0aom pm;eyf&du©m tvkHtavmuf &&SdEdkifrItay:
MoZmoufa&mufrI&Sdaom ydkrdkus,fjyefUonfh trsdK;om;tqifh pD;yGm;a&;ESifh vlrIa&;? EdkifiHa&;
taMumif;tcsufrsm;aMumifh jzpfygonf/8
obm0ab;usa&mufNyD;aemuf tcsdefumvrsm;wGif xdcdkufcH&aom &yf&Gmrsm;onf tajccHpD;yGm;a&;
vkyfief;rsm; jyefvnfvkyfaqmifEdkif&efESifh ykHrSefjyefvnfjzpfap&ef BudK;yrf;aqmif&GufMu&rnf
jzpfaomaMumifh tm[m&csKdUwhJrIonf pdk;&drfylyefzG,f&m taumif;qkH; udpö&yfrsm;wGif wpfck
82004 ckESpfxkwf SPHERE vufpGJpmtkyf
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 48 -
tygt0if jzpfygonf/ wpfcgwpf&H tm[m&jynfh0aom tpm;tpm r&&SdEdkifjcif;? &&SdEdkifaomfvnf;
0,f,l&ef rwwfEdkifjcif;rsm;jzpfwwfygonf/ em*pfavab;usa&mufNyD; yxr &ufowåywf
tenf;i,ftwGif;wGif jzpfyGm;Edkifaom usef;rma&;qdkif&m ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;wGif pm;eyf&du©m
rzlvkHrIrSm wpfcktygt0ifjzpfonf[k jrefrmEdkifiHwGif PONJA aqmif&GufpOfu azmfxkwf&&Sdygonf/
wHkUjyefa&;ESifh u,fq,fa&; tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS csufcsif; wHkUjyefaqmif½Gufonfhtaejzifh xdcdkufrI
trsm;qkH; NrdKUe,frsm;wGif pGrf;tifjrifh bDpuGwfrsm; uhJodkUaom pm;eyf&du©mrsm; jzefUa0cJhygonf/
þu@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;qdkonfrSm xdckdufaom e,fajr
a'orsm;wGif pm;eyf&du©m rzlvkHrIqdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm;udk apmifhMunhfjcif;jzihf usef;rma&;
tEÅ&m,frsm; usa&mufEdkifrIudk avQmhcs&efESifh 0ifaiGenf;yg;aomfvnf; tm[m& jynfh0aom
pm;eyf&du©mrsm; pm;okH;rIwdk;jr§ifha&;qdkif&m &yf&Gm\odjrifem;vnfrIudk jr§ifhwifay;&ef jzpfygonf/
yxraqmif&Guf&rnfhvkyfief;rSm oufqdkif&m e,fajra'otwGif; a,bk,s tajctaeudk
tvsiftjref tuJjzwfcsuf vkyfaqmif&ef jzpfygonf/ xdcdkuftEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifaom jynfolvlxk
odkUr[kwf obm0ab; usa&mufNyD;aemuf xdckdufaom jynfolvlxkESifh wdkuf½dkuf aqG;aEG;
ajymqdkjcif;jzpfygonf/ cefUrSef;vlOD;a&? wdk;jrifhvmEdkifonfh emrusef;rIESifh aoqkH;rI ta&twGuf?
a&? ywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&;ESifh pm;okH;oD;ESHrsm;uhJodkUaom taMumif;tcsufrsm;ay:wGif tajccHí
tm[m&jynfh0rI tajctaeudk avhvmNyD; aemiftcgwGif tMuyftwnf; wpfpHkwpf&m jzpfyGm;
rvmapa&; umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&eftwGuf BudKwifumuG,fa&; vkyfief;rsm; taumiftxnfazmf
aqmif&Guf&ef cefUrSef;csufrsm; jyKvkyfEdkifygonf/
pl;prf;avhvm&efvdktyfaom tjcm;e,fy,fwpf&yfrSm xdcdkufcH&aom &yf&Gmrsm;odkU pm;eyf&du©m
tultnD jzefUa0ay;a&; jzpfygonf/ jynfolvlxktwGif;wGif xdcdkufcH&tvG,fqkH; tkyfpkrsm;
jzpfaom arG;puav;oli,frsm;? tvGefi,f&G,faom uav;oli,frsm;? oufBuD;&G,ftdkrsm;?
udk,f0efaqmif trsKd;orD;rsm;? roefrpGrf;olrsm;? pdwfydkif;qdkif&mcsKdUwhJolrsm;ponfwdkYudk pm;eyf&du©m
tultnDay;&mwGif OD;pm;ay;tjzpf owfrSwfxm;½Sd&ygrnf/ pm;eyf&du©m cGJwrf;rsm; ay;ydkU&mü
tpm;tpmtrsKd;tpm; a&G;cs,f&mwGif ,Ofaus;rIt& vufcHEdkifrI &Sd-r&Sdudkvnf; xnhfoGif;
pOf;pm;&ef vdktyfygonf/
aus;vufa'orsm;wGif pm;eyf&du©mzlvkHa&;jyóemrsm;ESifh qufpyfaeaomtaMumif;tcsuf wpf&yf
rSm uav;oli,frsm; aoqkH;rIEIef;jzpfygonf/ pm;eyf&du©m rvkHavmufrI jzpfyGm;ygu a&ESifh
obm0ywf0ef;usifoefY&Sif;a&;qdkif&mtpDtrHrsm; t&nftaoG;nhHzsif;jcif;? usef;rma&; 0efaqmifrI
rsm; &Sm;yg;jcif;uhJodkUaom tjcm;tcsufrsm;ESifh aygif;pyfNyD; a&m*gjzpfyGm;rnfh tEÅ&m,frsm; wdk;yGm;
vm Edkifygonf/ tm[m&jynfh0rI tqifhtwef; edrhfusygu a&m*gckcHEdkifpGrf;vnf; edrhfusNyD;
0ufoufuhJodkUaom ul;pufa&m*grsm;rS a&m*gjzpfyGm;rI wdk;yGm;vmygonf/9 usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xme
ESifh urÇmhusef;rma&;tzGJU (WHO) wdkUtjyif Save the Children ESifh ,leDquf uhJodkUaom
uav;oli,fudk t"duxm;í vkyfief;aqmif&Gufonfh tjcm;aomtzGJUtpnf;rsm;uvnf; 9 Nutrition and Disaster Preparedness: Focusing on Vulnerability, Building Capacities (2006) Marion E Wright and Maija
Vesala-Husemann
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 49 -
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif uav;oli,frsm;udk umuG,faq;xkd;onfhvkyfief;rsm;tm; aqmif&GufMuygonf/
odkU&mwGif aus;vuf a'orsm;ü rdbrsm;tm; odjrifem;vnfrI ydkrdk jr§ifhwifay;&ef vdktyfvsuf
&Sdygonf/ aus;vufa'orsm;wGif vQyfppf"mwftm; tjynfht0 r&&SdaMumif; xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;vsuf
a&'D,dkESifh ½kyfjrifoHMum; rD'D,mwdkUrS jzefUa0aom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;onf aus;vuf
jynfolvlxkxHodkU tvsiftjref ra&muf&Sdjcif;rsm;vnf; jzpfEdkifaMumif; xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;&ygrnf/
ydkrdk qef;opfwDxGifaom enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh tEÅ&m,fusa&mufEdkifrIqdkif&m qufoG,fajymqdkonfh
vIyf&Sm;rIrsm; vkyfaqmif&ef vdktyfygonf/ Oyrm- &yf&GmjyZmwfujyjcif;? vufurf;pmapmif?
ydkpwmrsm; jzefUa0jcif;wdkU jzpfygonf/
&yf&Gmonf jyifyrStultnDay;jcif;tay:wGif rSDcdkrIjzpfrvmapa&;? tm[m&jynfh0a&; Mum;0if
aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk pDpOfaqmif&Guf&ef txl;ta&;BuD;ygonf/ e,fajra'otwGif; pm;eyf&du©m
xkwfvkyfonfhvkyfief;rsm;tm; wwfEdkifoavmuf apmpD;pGm jyefvnfaqmif&GufEdkifa&;udk yhHydk;rI
ay;&ygrnf/ þae&mwGif pdkufysKd;a&;? pDrHudef;a&;qGJa&;? usef;rma&;? obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh
obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;uJhodkUaom u@rsm;tMum;wGif yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf&ef
txl;ta&;BuD;ygonf/ odkUrSom a&&SnfwnfwhHEdkifaom pm;eyf&du©mxkwfvkyfonfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk
azmfxkwfEdkifygrnf/ umv&Snf OD;wnfcsufrsm;jzpfaom e,fajra'owGif; pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk
jr§ifhwifay;jcif;? &yf&Gm\ tm[m&jynhf0aom pm;eyf&du©m 0,f,lEdkifrIpGrf;tm; wdk;wufaumif;rGef
apjcif;ESifh tm[mjynhf0rI [efcsufnDaom tpm;tpmrsm; pm;okH;Edkifa&; &yf&Gmudk ynmay;jcif;
rsm;udkvnf; wpfNydKifeufwnf; jr§ifhwifaqmif&Gufay;&ygrnf/
tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,faom e,fajra'owpfckwGif pm;eyf&du©m? vkHNcHKa&;ESifh tm[m&jynfh0a&;
udpö&yfrsm;udk xda&mufpGm apmifhMunfhppfaq;Edkifonfh enf;vrf;wpf&yfrSm MudKwifowday;aom
pepfrsm; taumiftxnfazmfjcif;yif jzpfygonf/ ,if;odkU taumiftxnfazmf&eftwGuf
usef;rma&;t&m&Sdrsm;? e,fajrcH tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh &yf&Gmrsm; (jzpf&yftrsm;tjym;wGif tif*sDtdkrsm;
vnf;) eD;uyfpGm yl;aygif;aqmif&GufNyD; e,fajra'owGif; yuwdtajctaersm;udk apmifhMunfh
avhvmNyD; ykHrSef tpD&ifcH wifjy&ef vdktyfygonf/ þodkUaqmif&Guf&ef e,fajra'otwGif;
usef;rma&;vkyfom;rsm;tm; avhusihfoifwef;ay;í tcsdefumv owfrSwfNyD; tcsuftvufrsm;udk
ykHrSefpkaqmif;&ef vdktyfygonf/ awGU&Sdcsufrsm;udk qef;ppfavhvmí t"dyÜm,f aumuf,lEdkif&ef
twGuf tm[m&jynfh0rIqdkif&m oifwef;rsm;udk uRrf;usifolrsm;tm;vnf; ydkrkdí tqihfjrihfrm;pGm
avhusihf oifwef;ay;&ygrnf/ ta&;ygaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk tcsdefrD &&Sd&rnfjzpfNyD;
vkyfief;aqmif&GufEdkifaom tcsufrsm;vnf; jzpf&ygrnf/ odkUrSom usef;rma&;u@taejzifh
vdktyfaom Mum;0ifaqmif&GufrIvkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&GufEdkifNyD; &yf&Gmtm; toifhjyifqif&efESifh
vdktyfovdk aqmif&Guf&ef owday;csufrsm; jzefUa0Edkifygrnf/ txufwGif azmfjychJonfhtwdkif;
em*pf u,fq,fa&;ESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; vkyfief;tqifhrsm;wGif usef;rma&;0efBuD;XmeESifh WHO yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufaom MudKwifowday;jcif;ESifh wHkUjyefjcif;pepf (EWARS) udk Munhfjcif;jzifh
pepfwpfck wnfaxmifNyD;jzpfaMumif;ESifh ,if;tay:wGif qufvufwnfaqmufvsuf tokH;jyKEdkif
aMumif; awGU&Sd&rnf jzpfygonf/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 50 -
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 51 -
EdkifiHtwGif;ESifh a'otwGif;wGif rMumao;rDu jzpfyGm;chJaom BuD;rm;onfh obm0ab;rsm;rS
&&SdchJonfh tawGUtBuHKudk &,ltokH;jyKjcif;? usef;rma&;u@twGif; tEÅ&m,fusa&mufEdkifrI
avQmhcsa&;udk aygif;pnf;xnhfoGif;a&; t"duBudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrIvkyfief;rsm;wGif &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHjcif;ESifh
usef;rma&;qdkif&m tcuftcJrsm;udk wHkUjyef&ef oufqdkifolrsm;tm;vkH;\ pGrf;aqmif&nf
wnfaqmufa&;twGuf &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHjcif;wkdUonf EdkifiHawmftaejzifh BudK;yrf;aqmif&Gufoifhonfh
ta&;ygaom vkyfief;rsm; jzpfygonf/ EdkifiHtwGif;wGif ydkrdktEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;aom usef;rma&;
u@wpf&yf zefwD;&mwGif zGHUNzdK;a&;pDrHudef;rsm;ESifh obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;
qdkif&m pDrHudef;rsm;tm;vkH;ü trsm;jynfol usef;rma&;udk pepfwus tm½kHpdkuf xnhfoGif;
aqmif&Guf&ygrnf/ odkUrSom obm0ab;rsm;aMumifh jzpfyGm;aom xdcdkufrIESifh qkH;½IH;rIrsm;
(usef;rma&;0efaqmifrIrsm; jywfawmufjcif;? &yfqdkif;oGm;jcif;? tajccHtaqmuftODrsm; xdckduf
ysufpD;jcif;ponf)udk enf;yg;oufomapEdkifrnfjzpfygonf/ þtcef;wGif jrefrmEdkifiH usef;rma&;
u@ tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&; wdk;wufaumif;rGefap&eftwGuf ,if;odkUaom ywf0ef;usifrsKd;
zefwD;&ef t"du tydkif;u@rsm;udk azmfjyxm;ygonf/ tcuftcJ tMuyftwnf;rsm;udk wHkUjyef&mü
xda&mufrI ydkrdkjrifhrm;NyD; usef;rma&;pepfrsm; vsifjrefpGm jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; yg0ifulnD
aqmif&Guf&ef jzpfygonf/
4-1 usef;rma&;u@ zGHUNzdK;a&;pDrHudef;wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Gufjcif;
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnhfoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Gufonfh
om"ursm; ,cifuyif &Sdygonf/ t"du vkyfief;tjzpf aqmif½Gufa&; tpDtpOf trsm;tjym;udkrl
em*pfavab; jyefvnfxlaxmifcsdefwGif pwifaqmif&GufchJjcif; jzpfygonf/ usef;rma&;0efBuD;
Xmeonf Xme\ vlUpGrf;tm; t&if;tjrpfrsm;tm; obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;
qdkif&m avhusihfoifwef;ay;&eftwGuf EdkifiHwum tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? jynfwGif;
tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh vufwGJaqmif&Gufvsuf &Sdygonf/ em*pfavab;
jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;aqmif½Guf&mwGif tzGJUtpnf;trsm;tjym;onf avab;aMumihf xdcdkufaom
e,fajra'orsm;ü usef;rma&;taqmufttHkrsm; jyefvnfwnfaqmufjcif;? jyifqifjcif;rsm;
aqmif½Guf&mwGif ]]rlvuxuf ydkrkdaumif;rGefatmif jyefvnfwnfaqmufrnf}} [laom csOf;uyfykH
udk tokH;jyKchJMuygonf/ aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;pOftwGif; obm0ab; cHEdkif&nf&Sdaprnfh oGifjyif
vu©Pmrsm;udk aygif;pnf;xnhfoGif;í aqmufvkyffchJMuygonf/ ,if;vkyfief;rsm;rSm NyD;qkH;awmhrnf
jzpfí rSwfwrf;rSwf&mxm;&SdNyD; qufpyftajctaeESifhtnD aemiftcg usef;rma&; taqmufttHk
rsm; aqmufvkyf&mwGif tvm;wl vkyfaqmif&efta&;BuD;ygonf/
EdkifiHawmftqifh usef;rma&;u@ zGHUNzdK;a&;pDrHudef;wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;
udk jynhfjynfhpkHpkH xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Guf&ef ta&;BuD;ygonf/ trsKd;om; usef;rma&;u@
zGHUNzdK;a&;pDrHudef;wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk aygif;pnf; xnhfoGif;jcif;jzihf
usef;rma&;Xmersm;wGif tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&; oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm; tokH;jyK&ef txl;vdktyfaom
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 52 -
t&if;tjrpfrsm; cGJa0owfrSwfay;a&;udk taxmuftuljyKEdkifygonf/ vufOD;rI &,laqmif&Guf
&aom obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;vkyfief;rsm;aMumifh usef;rma&; u@taejzifh
0efaqmifrIrsm; avsmhenf;usqif;jcif;? &yfwefUoGm;jcif; r&SdbJ wwfEdkiforQ toufu,fEdkifygrnf/
usef;rma&;pepfonf tjynfht0 vkyfief;aqmif&GufEdkifygu EdkifiHawmf\ jynfolvlxkudk umuG,f
apmihfa&SmufEdkifpGrf;ESifh obm0ab;rsm;rS jyefvnfemvefxlEdkifpGrf;tay:wGif aumif;pGm
taxmuftuljyKygrnf/10
4-2 ydkrdkab;uif;vHkjcHKaom usef;rma&;XmetaqmufttHkrsm; aqmufvkyfjcif;qdkif&m
EdkifiHawmftqifh vrf;nTefcsuf a&;qGJjcif;
usef;rma&;XmetaqmufttHkrsm;onf obm0ab;usa&mufaepOfESifh usa&mufNyD;aemufwGif
tjynfht0 vkyfief;vnfywf aqmif&GufEdkifNyD; xdcdkufaom &yf&GmtwGuf usef;rma&;jyKpk
apmifha&SmufrI 0efaqmifrIrsm; jznfhqnf;ay;Edkif&ef txl;ta&;BuD;ygonf/ þae&mwGif
taqmufttHkrsm; cdkifcefUrI&Sda&;onf t"dutcef;u@rS yg0ifygonf/ em*pfavab; jyefvnf
xlaxmifa&;vkyfief;rsm;ü usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xme? rav;&Sm;EdkifiHrS MERCY Malaysia tzGJU?
ukvor*¾tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh tjcm;tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;u EdkifiHwGif;wGif ydkrdk
tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;aom usef;rma&;Xme taqmufttHkrsm; aqmufvkyfa&;twGuf vrf;nTefcsuf
tcsKdUudk azmfxkwfchJNyD; jzpfygonf/ þvkyfief;udk qufvuf aqmif&GufEdkifrnfh aMumif;usKd;qDavsmf
aom vkyfief;tqifhrSm wpfEdkifiHvkH;wGif ydkrdkab;uif;vHkjcHKaom aqmufvkyfa&; vkyfenf;
vkyf[efrsm; usihfokH;jcif;udk wkd;wufrsm;jym;vmapjcif;jzifh EdkifiHawmftqifhodkU wdk;csJUjcif;yif
jzpfygonf/ odkU&mwGif vrf;nTefcsufrsm;a&;qGJ&mü usef;rma&;Xme taqmufttHkrsm; vkyfief;
vnfywfaqmif&GufEdkifa&;twGuf wpfajy;nD tav;teufxm;&ef vdktyfygonf/ aus;vufESifh
NrdKUjy usef;rma&;Xmersm;\ taqmufttHkqdkif&m rwlnDaom ½IjrifykHrsm;udkvnf; txift&Sm;
azmfjyNyD;aemuf yx0De,fajr? ,Ofaus;rIESifh vlrIa&;vdktyfcsufrsm;? e,fajra'otvdkuf
vdktyfcsufrsm;ay:wGif tajccHí a&G;cs,fEkdifaom 'DZdkif;ykHpHrsm;udk azmfxkwf&ygrnf/ usef;rma&;
0efBuD;Xme\ OD;aqmifrIjzihf vrf;nTefcsuf a&;qGJa&;aumfrwD odkUr[kwf txl;wm0eftzGJUwpfzGJUudk
zGJUpnf;Edkifygonf/ ,if;tzGJUwGif tawGUtBuHK&Sdaom usef;rma&; jyKpkapmifha&SmufrIay;onfh
vkyfom;rsm;? pDrHudef;a&;qGJolrsm;? tif*sifeD,mrsm;? jynfwGif;wGif wpfEdkifiHvHk;tqifh vkyfief;
aqmif½Gufonfh tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh a'owGif; tpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf;
rsm;rS obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;ESifh zGHUNzdK;a&; vkyfief;aqmif&Gufolrsm; yg0if
Edkifygonf/
Health and Disaster Risk Reduction: Policy Paper (2009) Merlin.
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 53 -
4-3 usef;rma&;u@wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnhfoGif;aygif;pyf
aqmif&Guf&ef pnf;½kH;vIHUaqmfjcif;
obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk EdkifiHawmftqifh tpDtpOfrsm;wGif atmifjrifpGm
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyfaqmif&GufNyD; txufwGifazmfjyxm;onfhtwdkif; ydkrdktEÅ&m,f uif;&Sif;aom
usef;rma&;XmetaqmufttHk aqmufvkyfa&; vrf;nTefcsufrsm;udk us,fus,fjyefUjyefU tokH;jyKvm
Muap&eftwGuf tqifhjrihftqifhrS qkH;jzwfcsufcsrSwfolrsm;\ tav;teuf aqmif&GufrIESifh
yhHydk;rIrSm ta&;BuD;ygonf/ usef;rma&;? jynfolUaqmufvkyfa&;ESifh vQyfppfrD;? a&vkyfief;rsm;?
ajr,mpDrHudef;ESifh pDrHcefUcGJrI? obm0ab; avsmhyg;a&;? zGHGUNzdK;a&;ESifh b@ma&;vkyfief; e,fy,f
trsKd;rsKd;&Sd vkyfief;aqmif&Gufolrsm;\ uGef&ufudk zGJUpnf;&ygrnf/
þ&nfrSef;csufyef;wdkifudk atmifjrifpGm aqmif&GufEkdif&ef rl0g' csrSwfolrsm;tm; odem;vnfrI
&Sdap&ef ta&;BuD;ygonf/ usef;rma&;u@twGif; obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyfaqmif&Gufonfh tawGUtBuHK us,fus,fjyefUjyefU&Sdaom EdkifiHwume,fy,f?
jynfwGif;e,fy,f ESpf&yfpvkH;rS xif&Sm;onfh a[majymydkUcsrnfholrsm; zdwfac:í tqifhjrihf
tpnf;ta0;rsm;? ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJrsm;udk usif;yjyKvkyfjcif;jzifh taxmuftuljyKrnfjzpfygonf/
qifwlaom pD;yGm;a&;ESifh vlrIa&; ywf0ef;usif&Sdonfh tjcm;EdkifiHrsm;wGif obm0ab;aMumifh
qHk;½HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk xnfhoGif;aygif;pyfaqmif&Guf&mü atmifjrifrI&&SdchJonfh om"ursm;udk
azmfjyjcif;onfvnf; xda&mufrI&SdEdkifygonf/ xdkUxuf ydkrdkxda&mufaom aMumif;usdK;azmfjycsuf
wpf&yfrSm WHO rS xkwfa0aom ]]obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;ESifh usef;rma&;Xme
taqmufttHkrsm; BudKwifjyifqifrI&Sda&;}} pmwrf;wGif azmfjyxm;onfhtwdkif; obm0ab;
usa&mufNyD;aemuf aq;½kHrsm;onf qufvufí vkyfief;aqmif&GufEdkifygu &½Sdrnfh vlrIa&;tusKd;
aus;Zl;rsm; jzpfygonf/ tvm;wl rSwfom;zG,ftcsufwpf&yfrSm BudKwifumuG,faom tpDtrH
rsm;twGuf &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI tenf;i,f ydkrdkjyKvkyfjcif;jzifh jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;ESifh jyefvnf
wnfaqmufa&;tqifhtwGuf aiGukefaMu;us rsm;pGmoufomapEkdifaMumif; pD;yGm;a&;½IaxmifhrS
oHk;oyfcsuf jzpfygonf/ obm0ab; enf;yg;oufomapa&; tpDtrHrsm;rSm vufawGU vkyfaqmif
EdkifNyD; ukefusp&dwfvnf; oifhwifhaMumif; em;vnfoabmaygufvmonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf ]]tEÅ&m,f
uif;&Sif;NyD; cHEdkif&nf&Sdaom}} aq;½kHrsm; wnfaqmufa&; OD;wnfcsufrSm ta&;ay:
tajctaetwGuf BudKwifjyifqif jcif; wpfpdwfwpfa'otjzpf atmifjrifatmif aqmif&GufEdkifrnf
jzpfygonf/
4-4 &yf&Gmudk yg0ifaqmif&Gufapjcif;
usef;rma&;u@ESifh &yf½Gmvlxk tjyeftvSef rSDcdkaerIrSm odomxif&Sm;ygonf/ t&if;tjrpfrsm;
enf;yg;aom aus;vufusef;rma&;u@ü obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;tpDtpOf
a&;qGJ&mwGif &yf&GmrS yg0ifaqmif&Guf&ef ydkrdk vdktyfygonf/ &yf&Gmonf rdrdwdkU\ ywf0ef;usif
taMumif;udk od&Sdonhftjyif obm0ab;rsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;onfh taMumif;tcsufrsm;udkvnf;
od&SdMuygonf/ rnfonfh obm0ab; tajctaewGifrqdk yxrqkH; wHkUjyefrnfh olrsm;rSmvnf;
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 54 -
&yf&GmrSyif jzpfygonf/ vsifjrefpGm wHkUjyefEdkif&eftwGuf ¤if;wdkU\ pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;udk
wnfaqmufjcif;tm;jzihf toufaygif;rsm;pGmudk u,fwifEdkifygrnf/ ¤if;wdkUonf &yf&GmtwGif;&Sd
rnfonfh usef;rma&;Xme taqmufttHkudkrqdk jyKjyifxddef;odrf;&mü tultnDay;rnfholrsm;vnf;
jzpfygonf/ aeUpOf wpfudk,fa& oefU&Sif;a&;ESifh usef;rma&;twGuf tjcm;tavhtusifhrsm;udkvnf;
vufawGU aqmif&Gufrnfholrsm; jzpfygonf/
þodkUjzihf usef;rma&;ESifh ydkrdknDnGwfaom tpm;tpmrsm; pm;okH;a&;? ywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&;ponfh
tavhtusifhrsm;udk jr§ifhwif&müvnf;aumif;? usef;rma&;Xme taqmufttHkrsm;udk umuG,f
apmihfa&Smufjcif;ESifh jyKjyifxdef;odrf;jcif;vkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmif&müvnf;aumif;? &yf&Gmudk
Ncdrf;ajcmuftEÅ&m,fjyKrIrsm; (txl;ojzifh usef;rma&;ESihf qufpyfaeaom Ncdrf;ajcmuftEÅ&m,f
jyKrIrsm;)udk wHkUjyef&müvnf;aumif;? &yf&GmESifh usef;rma&;u@Mum;wGif tm;aumif;NyD; cdkifrmaom
tjyeftvSef qufoG,faqmif&GufrI &Sd&ygrnf/ usef;rma&;u@u &yf&Gmtm; 0efaqmifrIrsm;
ay;tyfjcif;rQom r[kwfbJ &yf&GmrS yhHydk;rI? em;vnfoabmaygufrIESifh rdrdwdkUvkyfief;tjzpf
oabmxm;rIwdkU &&Sd&ef vdktyfygonf/ odkUrSom ydkrdktEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;aom usef;rma&;u@
jzpfapa&; pGrf;aqmifEdkifonfh ywf0ef;usifudk zefwD;Edkifygrnf/
4-5 aus;vufa'owGif tajccHusef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;\ vkyfief;uRrf;usifrI zGHUNzdK;a&;udk
ulnDyhHydk; ay;jcif;
usef;rma&;u@wGif txl;ojzifh a0;vHaom aus;vufa'orsm;ü tNrJwap &ifqdkif&aom
jyóemwpf&yfrSm tajccHusef;rma&; 0efxrf;rsm;udk vkyfief;cGifwGif wnfNrJapa&;twGuf
xdef;odrf;jcif;jyóem jzpfygonf/ aus;vufa'ousef;rma&;Xme taqmufttHkrsm;wGif vkyfief;
aqmif&Guf&aom tajctaersm;rSm NrdKUjy&Sdaq;½kHrsm;wGif vkyfief;aqmif&Guf&aom tajctae
rsm;ESifh rsm;pGmuGJjym;jcm;em;ygonf/ aus;vufa'orsm;wGif tajccHtqihf usef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;
onf aq;0g;ukorIydkif; tuJjzwfcsufESifh ukorIwkdUudk tqifhjrifh ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;r&dSbJ
tcsdefra&G; vkyfaqmifMu&ygonf/ &yf&Gmrsm;ESifh rjywfxdawGUae&NyD; e,fajra'o vdktyfcsuf
rsm;udk em;vnfoabmayguf&ygonf/ pdefac:rI&Sdaom ,if;tajctaersm;wGif aus;vufa'o
tajccH usef;rma&; 0efxrf;rsm;\ twwfynmydkif; pOfqufrjywf zGHUNzdK;a&; tcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk
jznhfqnf;ay;jcif;jzifh ¤if;wdkUtm; vkyfief;cGifwGif pGJNrJNyD; aysmfarGUap&ef xdef;odrf;xm;&SdEdkifrnf
jzpfygonf/
aus;vufa'owGif tajccHusef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;twGuf umv&Snfynma&;ESifh vkyfief;uRrf;usif
rI zGHUNzdK;a&;tpDtpOfrsm; a&;qGJ&mü xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;&rnfh r[mAsL[majrmuf taMumif;tcsufrsm;
&Sdygonf/
vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;odkU aus;vufa'orsm;rS wdkuf½dkufvma&mufEdkif&ygrnf/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 55 -
ydkrdkus,fjyefUaom ukoenf;vkyfenf;vkyf[efrsm;udk tokH;jyKEdkif&ef taxmuftuljyKa&;
twGuf oufqdkifaom txl;uk todynmrsm;udk vkHavmufonfh xdawGUavhvm
oif,lEdkifrI yg0if&ef vdktyfygonf/
t&nftcsif;ay: tajccHí &mxl;wdk;jr§ifhjcif;ESifh aus;vufa'o tawGUtBuHKay:wGif
tajccHí &mxl;wdk;jr§ifhay;jcif;uhJokdUaom tvkyftudkifqGJaqmifrIrsm;ESifh csdwfqufxm;&Sd&ef
vdktyfygonf/
EdkifiHwpf0ef;vkH;&Sd aus;vufusef;rma&;vkyfom;rsm; yg0ifaom ynm&SifuGef&ufwnfaxmif
&ef xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;&ygrnf/ aus;vufESifh NrdKUjy usef;rma&;vkyfom;rsm; tMum;wGif
ynm&Sif uGef&ufrsm;^tjyeftvSef xdawGUaqG;aEG; qufoG,frIrsm; jyKvkyfonfh enf;vrf;
rsm; yg0if&ygrnf/
,if;okdUaom vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;rSm usef;rma&;? vlrI0efxrf;? obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½HI;Edkifajc
avQmhcsa&;? zGHUNzdK;a&;? b@ma&;ponfwdkUuhJodkUaom vkyfief;rsm; yg0ifjcif;aMumifh tpdk;&
tcsif;csif; nd§EdIif;aygif;pyf aqmif&GufrIESifh 0efBuD;Xmersm;tMum; wm0ef,laqmif&GufrIrsm;
vkdtyfygonf/ tjyeftvSef tusKd;jyKEdkif&efESifh t&if;tjrpfrsm; cGJa0owfrSwfay;Edkif&ef jzpfygonf/
xdkUtjyif w&m;0if pepfcsrSwf aqmif½Gufonfh taejzifh aus;vufusef;rma&; vkyfom;rsm;tm;
ta0;oif tqifhjrifhynmbGJUrsm; (r[mbGJU? bGJUvGef oifwef;rsm;) qufvuf wufa&mufEdkif&ef
twGuf tm;ay;jcif;? yhHydk;jcif;rsm; vkyfaqmif&ygrnf/ txl;ojzihf aus;vuf usef;rma&; udpö&yf
rsm;wGif eufeJodrfarGUaom taMumif;tcsufrsm;tm; tm½kHpdkufvmMuap&eftwGuf wuúodkvf
tqifh okawoejyKvkyfEkdif&ef jzpfygonf/
4-6 BudKwifowday;jcif;ESifh wHkUjyefjcif;pepfrsm;udk vufawGUtokH;csjcif;rsm;tm; jr§ifhwifay;jcif;
rnfonfhusef;rma&;tEÅ&m,fESifh a&m*gjzpfyGm;jcif;udkrqdk xda&mufpGm wHkUjyefEdkif&eftwGuf wwfEdkif
orQ apmpD;pGm od&Sd&ef vdktyfygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif BudKwifowday;jcif;ESifh wHkUjyefrIpepfrsm;
EWARS tokH;jyKrIrSm uaeOD;tqihfwGifom &Sdao;aomfvnf; em*pfu,fq,fa&;ESifh jyefvnf
xlaxmifa&; vkyfief;rsm;wGif usef;rma&;0efBuD;XmeESifh WHO wdkUu atmifjrifpGm vufawGU
tokH;jyKchJNyD; jzpfygonf/ uGif;qif;vkyfief;tqifh w&m;0if t&if;tjrpfrsm;rS wdkuf½dkufay;ydkUaom
owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk tokH;jyKygonf/ EWARS udk vufawGUprf;oyf oufaojyoNyD;jzpfí
EdkifiH\ tjcm;aome,fajra'orsm; Oyrm- rdk;acgifa&&Sm;rIaMumifh tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,fNyD;
pm;eyf&du©mzlvkHa&;rSm t"dupkd;&drfylyefzG,fwpf&yfjzpfaeaom e,fajra'orsm;wGif wdk;csJU
tokH;jyKaeNyD jzpfygonf/ ,if;e,fajra'orsm;wGif wdk;csJUvkyfief;rsm; atmifjrifrI &½SdEdkif&ef
ta&;ygaom apmifhMunfhppfaq;a&; enf;vrf;ud&d,mrsm; (tpD&ifcH wifjy&eftwGuf
qufoG,fa&; ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;) wyfqif&eftwGuf aiGaMu;t&if;tjrpfrsm;? c&D;oGm;vmjcif;ESifh
tcsuftvuf aumuf,ljcif;wdkUtwGuf aiGaMu;t&if;tjrpfrsm;ESifh &Sd&if;usef;rma&;vkyfom;rsm;udk
ynm&Sifydkif; avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD; tcsuftvuf pkaqmif;jcif;ESifh qef;ppfavhvmjcif;
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 56 -
vkyfief;wm0efrsm; aqmif&GufEdkifap&eftwGuf vlUpGrf;tm;t&if;tjrpfrsm;uJhodkUaom vkdtyfonfh
t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk EdI;aqmfNyD; &,ltoHk;jyK Edkif&ygrnf/
4-7 vkyfief;e,fy,frsm;yg0ifaom uGef&uf wnfaqmufjcif;ESifh tm;aumif;apjcif;
ta&;ay:tajctaersm;wGif jynfolUusef;rma&;tay: xdcdkufrIavsmhenf;ap&eftwGuf ydkrdk
tEÅ&m,f uif;&Sif;aom usef;rma&;pepfrsm; wnfaqmuf&ef u@aygif;pHkyg0ifaom ½IjrifykH
vdktyfygonf/ t&nftaoG;jrifhrm;NyD; a&&SnfwnfwhHEdkifaom usef;rma&;jyKpkapmifha&SmufrI
0efaqmifrI jznfhqnf;ay;jcif;onf t&if;ppfvQif tjrpfajru qdkouJhodkU o,f,lydkUaqmifa&;?
ajr,mpDrHudef; a&;qGJa&;? jynfolUaqmufvkyfa&;? vlrI0efxrf;? rD;owf? w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;ESifh
tajccHtaqmuftODuhJodkUaom tjcm;u@rsm;wGif BudKwifjyifqifrI&Sda&;ESifh qufpyfvsuf
&Sdygonf/ uyfa&m*gBuD;rsm;ESifh "mwkaA'ypönf; zdwfvQHjcif;rsm;uhJodkUaom usef;rma&;u@ESifhom
oD;oefU oufqdkifaom y#dyu©rsm; jzpfyGm;aomtcgwGifyif txufazmfjyyg u@rsm;\ yl;aygif;
BudK;yrf;aqmif&GufrI r&Sdygu xdcdkufcH&aom jynfolvlxkxHodkU vdktyfaom Mum;0ifaqmif&GufrI
vkyfief;rsm;udk tcsdefrD aqmif&Gufay;Edkifrnfr[kwfyg/ xkdUaMumifh u@toD;oD;&Sd tusKd;pD;yGm;
yg0ifywfoufolrsm;tMum; trsKd;om;tqihfESifh e,fajra'otqifh ESpf&yfpvkH;wGif uGef&uf
tm;aumif;apjcif;onf jrefrmEdkifiHwGif ydkrdktEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;aom usef;rma&; jyKpkapmifha&SmufrI
pepf wnfaqmufa&;twGuf pnf;½kH;vIHUaqmf&mü txl;ta&;BuD;ygonf/ em*pfavab; jyefvnf
xlaxmifa&; vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;t& wnfaxmifxm;aom vuf&Sdyl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIrsm;tay:
wGif uGef&ufrsm;udk qufvufwnfaqmufEdkifygonf/11
uGef&ufxm;&Sdjcif;jzifh uGef&ufwGif yg0ifol
rsm; tm;vkH;onf tcsuftvufrQa0&m t"du ae&mwpf&yftjzpf uGef&ufudk tokH;jyKEdkifygrnf/
uGef&uftzGJU0ifrsm;tjzpf tpdk;&ESifh tpdk;&r[kwfaom vkyfief;aqmif&Gufolrsm; ESpf&yfpvkH;
yg0ifEdkifNyD; obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;qdkif&m wlnDaom 0efaqmifrIrsm;ESifh
csOf;uyfykHrsm;udk azmfxkwfí zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufap&eftwGuf taxmuftuljyKEdkifygonf/ þodkUjzifh
aemiftcgwGif tEÅ&m,fusa&mufEdkifrI avsmhenf;usqif;apa&; yl;aygif;vkyfief;rsm;udkvnf;
taumiftxnfazmfEdkifrnf jzpfygonf/
11 Coordination structures exist at both national and local levels.
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 57 -
&nfñTef;udk;um;aom pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;
Post-Nargis Joint Assessment (2008) Tripartite Core Group (TCG). http://www.asean.org/21765.pdf
Post Nargis Recovery and Preparedness Plan (PONREPP) (2008) Tripartite Core Group (TCG).
www.aseansec.org/CN-PONREPP.pdf
TCG Report. Post-Nargis Periodic Review I (2008) Tripartite Core Group (TCG).
http://www.asean.org/22119.pdf
TCG Report. Post-Nargis Periodic Review II (2009) Tripartite Core Group (TCG).
http://www.asean.org/CN-TCG2.pdf
Disaster Risk Reduction and Emergency Response for WASH: Reference Note (2009) Water Supply
and Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC). www.wsscc.org
Health and Disaster Risk Reduction: Policy Paper (2009) Merlin.
Safe Hospitals Checklist (2009) Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO).
Hospital Disaster Plan, Wisconsin Department of Health Services.
http://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/rl_dsl/hospital/hospitaldisastrplng.htm
Community Driven Recovery: Cyclone Nargis One Year On (2009) United Nations Development
Programme. http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWFiles2009.nsf/FilesByRWDocUnidFilename/VVOS-7VAK63-
full_report.pdf/$File/full_report.pdf
Hospitals Safe from Disasters: Reduce Risk, Protect Health Facilities, Save Lives. World Health
Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia (WHO-SEARO),
http://www.searo.who.int/LinkFiles/Hospitals_Safe_from_Disasters_SEARO_Safe_Hospitals_Brochure.pdf
Guidelines for vulnerability reduction in the design of new health facilities (2004) World Health
Organization (WHO), Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) and Provention Consortium, the
World Bank Group.
Disaster Risk Reduction and Preparedness fro Health Facilities, World Health Organisation, Japan.
Protecting New Health Facilities from Natural Disasters: Guidelines for the Promotion of Disaster
Mitigation (2003) Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO).
http://www.preventionweb.net/files/629_10343.pdf
Myanmar Live After Nargis (2009) Chachavalpongpun and Thuzar .
http://www.preventionweb.net/english/professional/terminology/
Institutional Arrangements for Disaster Management in Myanmar (2009), Asian Disaster
Preparedness Center (ADPC).
http://www.adpc.net/v2007/IKM/ONLINE%20DOCUMENTS/downloads/2009/Institutional%20Arrangeme
nts%20for%20DM%20in%20Myanmar.pdf
Increasing Access to Health Workers in Remote and Rural Areas through Improved Retention: Global
Policy Recommendations (2010) World Health Organization
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241564014_eng.pdf
Nutrition and Disaster Preparedness: Focusing on Vulnerability, Building Capacities (2006) Marion E
Wright and Maija Vesala-Husemann
http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents
/Volume112006/No3Sept06/tpc31_516086.aspx
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 58 -
em*pfqdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif; wHkUjyefrIESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifrI tusOf;csKyf
em*pfqdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif;aMumifh vlaetdrfajcrsm;omru vrf;rsm;? oabFmqdyfrsm;? a&ESifh
ywf0ef;usif oefU&Sif;a&;pepfrsm;? avmifpmay;ydkUaompepfrsm;? vQyfppf"mwftm;vdkif;rsm;
tygt0if t"duta&;ygaom tajccHtaqmuftODrsm; us,fus,fjyefUjyefU xdcdkufysufpD;chJygonf/
usef;rma&;u@wGifvnf; qdk;&Gm;pGm xdckdufrI &SdchJygonf/ a&t&if;tjrpf trsm;tjym; npfnrf;
chJNyD; pm;eyf&du©m odkavSmifxm;&SdrIrsm;vnf; xdcdkufysufpD;chJygonf/ avjyif;wdkufcwfjcif;aMumifh
opfyifrsm;? vQyfppf"mwftm;vdkif;rsm; NydKvJNyD; rkefwdkif;ESifhtwl rkefwdkif;'Da&wufchJjcif;aMumifh
aus;&Gmtrsm;tjym; a&epfjrKyfchJygonf/ v,f,mpdkufcif;rsm; tm;vkH;eD;yg; ysufpD;chJ&NyD; rkefwdkif;
wdkuf½dkuf 0ifa&muf wdkufcwfchJaom e,fajra'orsm;wGif tdk;tdrfrsm; tm;vkH;eD;yg; ysufpD;chJygonf/
rkefwdkif; wdkuf½dkuf0ifa&mufwdkufcwfjcif; r½Sdaom teD;tem; e,fajra'o trsm;tjym;wGifvnf;
vQyfppf "mwftm;ESifh qufoG,fa&;vdkif;rsm; NydKvJysufpD;jcif;? tjcm;tajccH taqmuftODrsm;
ysufpD;jcif;wdkY tESHUtjym; jzpfyGm;chJygonf/
em*pfavab;wHkYjyefrI
EdkifiHawmftpdk;&? jrefrmEdkifiHwGif tajcpdkufaomvlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;? yk*¾vduvkyfief;rsm;ESifh
vlyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf em*pfavab; wHkUjyefrI vsifjrefpGm jyKvkyfchJygonf/ 0efBuD;csKyf OuúXtjzpf
aqmif&Gufaom trsdK;om; obm0ab; umuG,fapmifha½Smufa&; A[dkaumfrwD (NDPCC) onf
wHkUjyefrI BudK;yrf; tm;xkwfa&; vkyfief;rsm;udk OD;aqmifvsuf ta&;ay: obm0ab; wHkUjyefa&;
qyfaumfrwD (10)ckukd zGJUpnf;chJygonf/ rkefwdkif;0ifa&muf wdkufcwfaom e,fajra'otwGif;&Sd
NrdKUe,frsm;wGif u,fq,fa&;ESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; vkyfief;wm0efrsm;udk aqmif&Gufaejcif;tm;
teD;uyf xda&mufpGm BuD;MuyfEdkif&eftwGuf xdckdufrI trsm;qkH; NrdKUe,f (12)NrdKUe,ftwGuf 0efBuD;
(12)OD;udk wm0efay;chJygonf/
ukvor*¾ESifh EdkifiHwumtpdk;&r[kwfaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;u ta&;ay:wHkUjyefrIaqmif&Guf&mü
vkyfief;tpktzGJU (12)&yfjzifh pkpnf;aqmif&Gufygonf/ ,if;vkyfief; tpktzGJUrsm;onf usef;rma&;?
tm[m&jynfh0rI? cdkvIH&mae&m? a&? ywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&;ESifh wpfudk,f&nfoefU&Sif;a&;?
axmufyhHa&;ESifh ydkUaqmifa&; tygt0if ta&;ygaom vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh oufqdkifonfh vkyfief;
tpktzGJUrsm; jzpfygonf/ tmqD,H\ a'otqifhwHkUjyefrIrSm obm0ab; pDrHcefUcGJa&;ESifh
ta&;ay: tajctae wHkUjyefrIqdkif&m tmqD,H oabmwlnDcsuf\ oabmxm;ESifh &nf&G,fcsuf
rsm;twdkif; udkufnDrI&Sdygonf/ tmqD,HEdkifiHrsm;rS EdkifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;rsm;onf em*pfavab;
awGUBuHKcHpm;&olrsm;twGuf tmqD,H vlom;csif;pmema&; taxmuftuljyKvkyfief;tzGJUudk
wnfaxmifchJygonf/ ,if;tzGJUudk tmqD,HtaxGaxG twGif;a&;rSL;u OD;aqmifchJygonf/ xkdUtjyif
u,fq,fa&; vkyfief;rsm; nd§EdIif;aygif;pyf aqmif&Guf&ef jynfaxmifpkor®®wjrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&?
tmqD,HESifh ukvor*¾wdkUyg0ifaom okH;yGifhqdkifA[dktzGJUudkvnf; zGJUpnf;chJygonf/ EdkifiHwpf0ef;&Sd
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 59 -
jrefrmjynfolvlxkuvnf; rkefwdkif;avab;BuHKawGU&aom jynfolvlxkrsm;twGuf aiGaMu;ESifh
ypönf;rsm;udk &ufa&mpGm vSL'gef;chJMuygonf/ em*pfrkefwdkif;vGefumv yl;wGJtuJjzwfrI (PONJA)
tpD&ifcHpmt& jrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm;xHrS aiGaMu;ESifh ypönf; vSL'gef;rIrSm (2008)ckESpf ZGefv
(28)&ufaeUtxd pkpkaygif; tar&duefa':vm (11.86)oef;zdk;txd &SdchJygonf/ rSwfwrf;wif
pm&if;a&;oGif;Edkifjcif; r&Sdonfh trnfrazmfaom vSL'gef;rIrsm;vnf; trsm;tjym;&Sdygonf/
em*pfvGef jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;vkyfief;pOfrsm;
trsKd;om;tqifh jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;pDrHudef; - trsdK;om; obm0ab; umuG,fapmifha½Smufa&;
A[dkaumfrwD (NDPCC) u em*pfrkefwdkif;aMumifh xdcdkufaome,fajra'orsm; jyefvnfxlaxmif
a&;ESifh aemiftcg jzpfyGm;vmrnfh obm0ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;twGuf BudKwifjyifqifa&;ESifh umuG,f
apmifha&Smufa&; tpDtpOfrsm; taumiftxnfazmfa&;udk (2008)ckESpf Mo*kwfv (15)&ufaeUwGif
xkwfjyefchJygonf/ em*pfrkefwdkif;aMumifh NrdKUe,f (48) NrdKUe,f ({&m0wDwdkif;wGif (7) NrdKUe,fESifh
&efukefwdkif;wGif NrdKUe,f(40)wGif xdcdkufysufpD;rI ½SdchJaomfvnf; NrdKUe,f (10)NrdKUe,fwGif xdcdkufrIrSm
tqdk;&Gm;qkH; jzpfygonf/ ,if;wdkUteuf (7)NrdKUe,frSm {&m0wDwdkif;wGifjzpfNyD; (3)NrdKUe,frSm
&efukefwdkif;wGif jzpfygonf/ EdkifiHawmftpdk;&\ jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;pDrHudef;wGif tqifh (3)qifhjzifh
vkyfief;aqmif&Guf&ef azmfjyxm;ygonf/
ta&;ay:u,fq,fa&;tpDtrHrsm; NyD;pD;atmif aqmif½Gufjcif;
jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;? jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;ESifh zGHUNzdK;a&; tpDtrHrsm; vkyfaqmifjcif; ESifh
umv&SnfBudKwifjyifqifa&;ESifh obm0ab;rsm;rS umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&; tpDtrHrsm;
aqmif&Gufjcif; wdkUjzpfygonf/
pDrHudef;wGif ydkrdkaumif;rGefpGm jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&; &nf&G,fcsufrsm;udk twdtvif; &nfnTef;
azmfjyxm;NyD; ydkrdkícHEdkif&nf&Sdaom ydkrdkaumif;rGefonfh b0aexdkifrItajctaersm;ESifh tajccH
pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk zefwD;&ef azmfjyxm;ygonf/ jynfwGif;t&if;tjrpfrsm;ESifh pGrf;aqmif&nf
rsm;udk tm;udk;tm;xm;jyKNyD; wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif jyifyrS nd§EdIif;aygif;pyf ay;tyfvmaom tultnD
rsm;udkvnf; BudKqdkvufcHygonf/ ,if;wdkUrSm aiGaMu; tultnD? ypönf;ESifh 0efaqmifrI tultnD?
enf;ynmydkif; todynmESifh uRrf;usifrI tultnDwdkU jzpfygonf/ pDrHudef;t& jyefvnf
xlaxmifa&;ESifh jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&; vkyfief;wm0efrsm;wGif us,fjyefUaom e,fy,f (3)&yf
yg0ifygonf/ ,if;wdkUrSm xdckdufysufpD;oGm;aom NrdKUrsm;ESifh aus;&Gmrsm; jyefvnfwnfaqmufjcif;?
pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm; jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;? zGHUNzdK;a&; vkyfaqmifjcif;ESifh aemiftcg obm0ab;
usa&mufrItwGuf BudKwifjyifqifjcif;ESifh umuG,fapmifha&Smufjcif;wdkU jzpfygonf/
em*pfrkefwdkif;vGefumv jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;ESifhBudKwifjyifqifrI tpDtpOf (PONREPP) -
okH;yGifhqdkif A[dktzGJU TCG onf em*pfvGef jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;ESifh BudKwifjyifqifa&; tpDtpOfudk
(2008)ckESpf 'DZifbmvwGif a&;om;jyKpkchJygonf/ ,if;pDrHudef;wGif rkefwdkif;aMumifh xdcdkufaom
e,fajra'orsm;ü a&&SnfwnfwhHonfh jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;vkyfief;rsm; wdk;jr§ifhaqmif½Guf&efESifh
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 60 -
wdk;wufrIrsm;udk cdkifrmap&ef (2009)ckESpfrS (2011)ckESpftxd oHk;ESpfoufwrf;½Sdaom r[mAsL[mudk
tusOf; azmfjychJygonf/ EdkifiHawmftpkd;&\ jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;pDrHudef;ESifh jznfhzufjzpfaom
vkyfief;wpf&yf jzpfygonf/ þpDrHudef;wGif tcef; (3)cef; yg0ifNyD; jynfolvlxkA[dkjyKaom
arQmfrSef;csufjzpfonfh ukefxkwfpGrf;tm;jrihfrm;NyD; usef;rmí umuG,f apmihfa&SmufrI&Sdaom
b0aexdkifrIrsm; jzpfapa&;[lí arQmfrSef;csufjzifh toufarG;0rf;aMumif; vkyfief;rsm;? cdkvIH&mae&m?
ynma&;? usef;rma&;? a&^ywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&;? obm0ab; avsmhyg;a&;?
obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh umuG,fapmifha&SmufrI[laom u@ (8)&yfü vkyfief; tpDtpOfrsm;
aqmif&Guf&ef azmfjyxm;ygonf/ (3)ESpfwmumvtwGif; vkyfief;udk xdcdkufEdkifonfh
pGrf;aqmif&nf uefUowfcsufrsm; jzpfay:vmEdkifjcif;udkvnf; xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;NyD; tv,ftvwf
umv vdktyfcsufrsm;twGuf pDrHudef; aqmif½Guf&ef tar&duefa':vm oef;(800) vdktyfrnf[k
arQmfrSef;ygonf/
usef;rma&;u@jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;vkyfief;rsm;
txufazmfjyyg trsKd;om;jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&; pDrHudef;ESifh PONREPP ESpf&yfpvkH;wGif
usef;rma&;u@ jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; vkyfief;tpDtpOfü obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½HI;Edkifajc
avQmhcsa&;qdkif&m tcef;u@rsm;udk xnhfoGif;a&; r[mAsL[mvrf;nTefcsuf yg0ifygonf/
vkyfief;ydkif;udpö&yfrsm;wGif obm0ab;aMumifh qHk;½HI;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;tm; aygif;pnf;xnhfoGif;a&;
udkvnf; tajccHtkwfjrpf csrSwfay;xm;ygonf/
usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xmeonf usef;rma&;u@ jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;twGuf OD;aqmiftzGJUtpnf;
jzpfNyD; WHO, UNICEF, UNDP, UNFPA, JICA, Oxfam, Merlin, Marie Stope International ESifh
usef;rma&; t"du aqmif&Gufaom tjcm;EdkifiHwumtzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh eD;uyfpGm yl;aygif;
aqmif&Gufygonf/ ,if;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh rdwfzuftjzpf yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;rSm em*pfavab;
rusa&mufrDuyif aqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfygonf/ usef;rma&;enf;ynm vkyfief;tkyfpk\ jyefvnf
xlaxmifa&; OD;wnfcsufrSm em*pfavab;aMumifh xdcdkufrIS trsm;jym;qkH;jzpfNyD; oGm;a&;vma&;
cufcJaom e,fajra'orsm;&Sd jynfolvlxkrsm;tMum;wGif usef;rma&; jyKpkapmifha&SmufrI
0efaqmifrIrsm; wdk;wuf&&Sdap&ef jzpfygonf/ arQmfrSef;xGufay:&v'frsm;rSm (tm[m& jynfh0a&;ESihf
umuG,faq;xdk;ESHjcif; tygt0if) rdcifESifh uav;rsm;twGuf t&nftaoG; jrihfrm;aomtajccH
usef;rma&; apmifha&SmufrI 0efaqmifrIrsm; wkd;jr§ifhjznfhqnf;ay;a&;? &,ltokH;jyKEdkifa&;ESifh
xdckdufaom jynfolvlxktm; pdwfESifh vlrIa&;ydkif;qdkif&m yhHydk;rI jznfhqnf;ay;jcif;wdkU jzpfygonf/
(2010)ckESpf ZGefv (18)&ufaeUwGif usif;ychJaom wwd,tBudrf jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; aqG;aEG;yGJ
tzGJU (zdk&rf) tpnf;ta0;wGif atmufazmfjyyg atmifjrifrIrsm;udk PONREPP atmufwGif
usef;rma&;ESifh WASH u@rsm;ü tpD&ifcHwifjychJygonf/
vlemaygif; (930,000) vma&mufjyochJNyD; uav;oli,f (27,800) wdkUonf a&m*g
BudKwif wm;qD;umuG,fa&;? tm[m&csKdUwhJrIaMumifh jzpfyGm;vmrnfh a&m*grsm;udk wm;qD;
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 61 -
umuG,fonfh jyKpkapmifha&SmufrI &&SdchJygonf/ usef;rma&;Xme (843)ckodkU aq;0g;rsm; ykHrSef
jznfhqnf;ay;chJygonf/
a&m*g apmifhMunfha&;ESifh BudKwifowday;onfh pepfudk aqmif&GufEdkifchJygonf/
tm[m&jynfh0a&;ESifh ywfoufí vufvSrf;rD a&muf&SdrIudk us,fus,fjyefUjyefU aqmif&Guf
jcif;? umuG,f aq;xkd;jcif;ESifh trsm;jynfolusef;rma&; vkyfaqmifjcif;
BudKwifjyefvnfxlaxmifa&;ESifh usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xme\ pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;ESifhtnD aq;ay;cef;
rsm;udk ydkrdkaumif;rGefpGm jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&; tpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;
aus;vufusef;rma&;Xme (RHC) rsm;ESifh wGJzuf aus;vufusef;rma&;Xme (sub-RHC)
rsm;udk usef;rma&;Xmetjzpfomru rkefwdkif;cdkvIH&mae&mrsm;tjzpfyg tokH;jyKEdkifaprnfh
ESpfrsKd;okH; oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm; xnhfoGif;apNyD; ta&twGuf trsm;tjym; jyefvnf
wnfaqmufjcif;
rdwfzuftzGJUtpnf;rsm;Mum;wGif oabmwlnDchJaom usef;rma&;u@ jyefvnfxlaxmif
a&; tpDtpOfudk taumiftxnfazmfjcif;? ,if;udk usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xmeu twnfjyK
NyD; ,cktcgwGif pkpnf;&efykHaiGudk tokH;jyKvsuf usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xme\ nd§EdIif;aygif;pyf
aqmif&GufrIjzifh tzGJUtpnf;toD;oD;u taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdjcif;
ajcmufaoGU&moD qufwdkuf ESpf&moDtwGif;wGif a&rvkHravmufrIESifh &ifqdkifae&aom
tdrfaxmifpk (106,000) xufrenf; xHodkU wpfaeUvQif aomufa& (3)vDwmxuf renf;
ay;a0vsuf tultnD ay;chJjcif; (a&ay;a0&mü tedrfhqkH;jynfhrD&rnfh pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;ESifh
nDnGwfap&ef tzGJUtpnf;rsm;u aqmif&GufchJygonf/)
aus;&Gma&uef (3,850) ausmfudk jyKjyif odkUr[kwf topfwnfaqmufchJjcif;
tdrfaxmifpkrsm;wGifvnf;aumif;? pmoifausmif;rsm;wGifvnf;aumif;? aus;vufusef;rma&;
Xmersm;wGifvnf;aumif; tdrfom (72,000) ausmf wnfaqmufchJjcif;
t*Faw a&odkavSmifueftopf (1,500) wnfaqmufchJjcif;
a&tokH;jyKonhfae&mwGif a&oefUpifEdkif&eftwGuf a<ua&ppfud&d,m (100,000)ausmfudk
tdrfaxmifpkrsm;? ausmif;rsm;? aus;vuf usef;rma&; Xmersm;odkU jznhfqnf;ay;chJjcif;
a&odkavSmifonfhypönf;rsm; (pOfhtdk;rsm;? yvyfpwpfykH;rsm;) (600,000) ausmfudk tdrfaxmifpk
rsm;odkU jzefUa0ay;chJjcif;
vlaygif; (600,000) xufrenf;tm; tusKd;aus;Zl;jzpfxGef;aprnfh a&oefUpifypönf;rsm;
jzefUa0ay;chJjcif;
,cktxd wm0ef,laqmif&GufchJNyD;aom jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;vkyfief;rsm;udk atmufwGif tusOf;csKyf
azmfjyxm;ygonf/
usef;rma&;Xmetopfrsm; wnfaqmufjcif;ESifh xdcdkufysufpD;aom taqmufttHkrsm; jyefvnf
wnfaqmufjcif; odkUr[kwf tm;jznfhwyfqifjyKjyifjcif;
enf;ynmydkif;0efaqmifrIrsm;ESifh tBuHay;vkyfief;rsm; jznfhqnf;ay;jcif;? Oyrm - rdom;pk
tpDtpOf om;qufjcm;jcif;? a&GUvsm;aq;ay;cef;rsm;? uav;oli,f tm[m&jynfh0a&; rdcif
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 62 -
tkyfpkyhHydk;rI? pdwfvlrIa&;ydkif; yhHydk;rI 12 ? ESpfodrfhaqG;aEG; ynmay;jcif;? trsKd;orD; usef;rma&;
toif;tzGJU aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;twGuf yhHydk;rIay;jcif; ponf/
iSufzsm;? tdwfcsftdkifAGD attdkif'Dtufpf? aoG;vGefwkyfauG; ponfwdkUuhJodkUaom a&m*grsm;
qdkif&m IEC ypönf;rsm;jzefUa0jcif;
umuG,faq;xkd;jcif;
usef;rma&;vkyfom;rsm;ESifh tjcm; ta&;ay:tajctae wHkUjyefrI jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; nd§EdIif;
aqmif&Gufolrsm;? ul;pufa&m*gqdkif&m vkyfief;aqmif&Gufolrsm;? rsKd;yGm;usef;rma&;? tajccH
a&S;OD;olemjyK rGrf;rHoifwef;ESifh qifhyGm;oifwef;rsm; 13 ? pdwfvlrIa&;ydkif; yhHydk;rI? pdwfydkif;qkdif&m
jyKpkukorI? apwemh0efxrf; usef;rma&; avhusihfoifwef;ay;jcif;rsm;ESifh tajccH usef;rma&;
ynmay;jcif; oifwef;rsm; pDpOfjyKvkyfjcif;
NrdKUe,frsm;½Sd NrdKUjya'orsm;ESifh vlaexlxyfaom &yf&Gmrsm;wGif a&oG,f,lay;ydkUonfh pepfrsm;
wnfaqmufjcif;
a&uefrsm;ESifh a&odkavSmifuefBuD;rsm;? a&wGif;rsm; wnfaqmufjcif;ESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;
tdrfaxmifpk a&odkavSmifjcif;? pkaqmif;jcif;? oefUpifjcif; vkyfief;rsm;udk tm;aumif;apjcif;
om;zGm;ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;? wpfudk,f&nf oefU&Sif;a&;ypönf;rsm;? a&oefUpif aq;vkH;^
aq;jym;rsm;? jcifaxmif? arG;puav;oli,frsm;twGuf ypönf;rsm;? azsmfajza&; upm;p&m
ypönf;rsm;? Adkufwmrifaq;jym;rsm;ESifh tjcm;aom r&Sdrjzpf vdktyfonfh aq;0g;rsm;uhJodkUaom
tultnD ay;a&; ypönf;rsm;jzefUa0jcif;
pm;eyf&du©mrvkHavmufonhf jyóemrsm; &ifqdkifae&qJ &yf&Gmrsm;odkUpm;eyf&du©mrsm; jzefUa0
ay;jcif;
EdkifiHawmftpdk;&\ jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&; pDrHudef;wGif em*pfavab;aMumifh xdcdkufaom
e,fajra'orsm;wGif aq;½kHrsm;ESihf aq;ay;cef;rsm; tqifhjr§ifhwif&efESifh wdk;csJU&ef vdktyfcsuf
tygt0if aus;vufusef;rma&;Xme (17)ck ESifh wGJzuf aus;vuf usef;rma&;Xme (119)ck wkdUudk
jyefvnfwnfaqmuf&ef azmfjyxm;ygonf/
12
usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xmeonf urÇmhusef;rma&;tzGJU (WHO) ESifhvnf;aumif;? tjcm;aom rdwfzuf tpdk;& r[kwfaomtzGJUtpnf;
(tif*sDtdk)rsm;ESifhvnf;aumif; yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufvsuf em*pfrjzpfyGm;rDuyifvQif usef;rma&; t&m&Sdrsm;twGuf pdwfESifhvlrIa&;ydkif;
yhHydk;rIqdkif&m avhusihfoifwef;ay;rIrsm; aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdyg onf/ odkU&mwGif em*pfrkefwdkif; wdkufcwfjcif;aMumifh pdwfESifhvlrIa&;ydkif;
pdk;&drfylyefrI udpö&yfrsm; a&SUwef;odkU a&muf&Sdvmygonf/ jrefrmEkdifiHMuufajceDtoif;uhJodkUaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf xdcdkufaom
&yf&Gmrsm;tm; qkH;½IH;rIudkvnf;aumif;? qufpyfjzpfay:vmaom jyif;xefpGm xdcdkufemusifrIudkvnf;aumif; ajz&Sif;aqmif&Guf
Ekdif&eftwGuf pdwfESifhvlrIa&;ydkif; vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;udk wdk;csJUaqmif&Guf&mwGif txl;ojzihf wuf<upGm vkyfief; aqmif&Gufvsuf
&Sdygonf/ 13 t"dutm;jzifh jrefrmEdkifiHMuufajceDtoif;u jyifopfMuufajceDtoif;ESifh yl;aygif;í aqmif&Gufygonf/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 63 -
EdkifiHawmftpdk;& usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xmeqdkif&m aemufcHtcsuftvufrsm;
usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xmeonf jrefrmEdkifiHwGif usef;rma&;Xmersm;udk wm0ef,laqmif&Gufaom
0efBuD;Xme jzpfygonf/ usef;rma&;OD;pD;XmeESifh aq;odyÜHOD;pD;XmewdkUtygt0if OD;pD;Xme (7)ckjzifh
zGJUpnf;xm;ygonf/ usef;rma&;OD;pD;XmeESifh aq;odyÜHOD;pD;XmewdkUudk tjcm;aom OD;pD;Xmersm;
uhJodkUyif nTefMum;a&;rSL;csKyfrsm;u OD;aqmifygonf/ usef;rma&;OD;pD;Xmeonf usef;rma&;
0efaqmifrIrsm; jznhfqnf;ay;&ef wm0ef,lNyD; Xme(11)ck &Sdygonf/ ukoa&;Xme? jynfolU
usef;rma&;Xme? a&m*gESdrfESif;a&;Xme? pDrHa&;Xme? pDrHcefYcGJa&;Xme? vkyfief;cGifusef;rma&;Xme?
olemjyKXme? jynfolUusef;rma&;"gwfcGJrIqdkif&mXme? tpm;taomufESifh aq;0g;uGyfuJa&;Xme?
b@ma&;Xme? A[dkaq;odkavSmifa&;Xme wdkYjzpfygonf/ aq;odyÜHOD;pD;Xmeonf usef;rma&;0efxrf;
rsm; vlUpGrf;tm;t&if;tjrpf zGHUNzdK;a&;twGuf wm0ef,lygonf/
&efukefaq;½kHBuD; ta&;ay:tajctae pDrHcefUcGJa&; vkyfief;pDrHcsuf
&efukefaq;½kHBuD;wGif tzGJU0if (5)OD; yg0ifaom aq;½kH pDrHcefUcGJrIaumfrwD &Sdygonf/ ,if;aumfrwD
Ouú|rSm aq;½kHtkyfBuD;jzpfNyD; tzGJU0ifrsm;tjzpf aq;ynmygarmu©? cGJpdwfukynmygarmu©? "gwfrSef
ynmygarmu©? a&m*gaA'ygarmu©? at;½Hktkyf? XmerSL;(tkyfcsKyfa&;)ESifh olemjyKtkyfBuD;wdkU yg0if
ygonf/
&efukefaq;½kHBuD;\ ta&;ay:pDrHcefUcGJrI vkyfief;pDrHcsufrSm (15)ESpfausmf oufwrf;&SdNyD; aemufqkH;
tajctaeudk yHkrSefjznfhpGufjyifqifygonf/ EdkifiHwGif;&Sd tjcm;aom aq;½kHrsm;u pHerlem,laom
vkyfief;pDrHcsuf jzpfygonf/ pDrHcsufwGif ta&;ay:tajctaeudk vl(10)OD;xuf ydkvGefí jyif;xef
pGm xdcdkuf'Pf&m&½Sdaom tajctae[k azmfjyxm;ygonf/ ckwif (200) aq;½kHwpf½kHtwGuf vl
(3)OD;xuf ydkí jyif;xefpGm 'Pf&m&ygu ta&;ay:tajctae jzpfonf[k owfrSwfEdkifygonf/
tzGJU0if (15)OD; yg0ifaom ta&;ay:umv BuD;MuyfrIaumfrwDudk zGJUpnf;xm;NyD; aumfrwDwGif
yg0ifolrsm;rSm atmufazmfjyyg Z,m;twdkif;jzpfygonf/
Z,m; - ta&;ay:umv BuD;MuyfrIaumfrwD zGJUpnf;ykH
pOf tzGJU0ifrsm;
1/ aq;½kHtkyfBuD; (uGyfuJrIESifh xdef;csKyfrI)
2/ xdcdkuf'Pf&mESifh t½dk;a&m*gXme ygarmu© XmerSL;
3/ OD;aESmufESifh tm½kHaMuma&m*gXme ygarmu© XmerSL;
4/ cGJpdwfukynmXme ygarmu© XmerSL;
5/ xdcdkuf'Pf&mESifh t½dk;a&m*gynmXme ygarmu© XmerSL;
6/ aq;ynmXme ygarmu© XmerSL;
7/ arhaq;ynmXme ygarmu© XmerSL;
8/ rsufESmESifh ar;½dk;cGJpdwfukynmXme ygarmu© XmerSL;
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 64 -
9/ "mwfrSefynmXme ygarmu© XmerSL;
10/ a&m*gaA'ynmXme ygarmu© XmerSL;
11/ Oya'a&;&m aq;ynmXme ygarmu© XmerSL;
12/ aq;½Hktkyf
13/ vufaxmufaq;½kHtkyf
14/ olemjyKtkyfBuD;
15/ XmecGJrSL; (tkyfcsKyfa&;)
aumfrwD\ tcef;u@rsm;ESihf wm0efrsm;rSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpfygonf/
vltrsm; xdcdkuf'Pf&m&&Sd aoqkH;jcif; ta&;ay:tajctaewGif wHkUjyef&eftwGuf vkyfief;
pDrHcsuf a&;qGJ&ef
,if;vkyfief;pDrHcsufudk tjcm;aom 0efxrf;rsm;tm; odap&ef (oufqdkifaom 0efxrf;rsm;
tm;vkH; rdrdwdkU\ tcef;u@rsm;ESifh wm0efrsm;udk od&SdNyD; 0efxrf;topfrsm;tm; pDrHcsuf
taMumif; od½Sdap&ef jzpfygonf/)
vlUpGrf;tm;t&if;tjrpfrsm;ESifh aq;0g;odkavSmifxm;&SdrIrsm;udk pDrHcsufESifhtnDxdef;odrf;xm;&Sd&ef
pDrHcsufudkjyefvnfokH;oyfNyD; aemufqkH; tajctaejznfhpGufjyifqif&ef
&efukefjynfolYaq;½kHBuD;wGif uGef&ufaq;½kHrsm;pepf&Sdygonf/ xkdUaMumifh vltrsm; xdcdkuf'Pf&m
&&SdrI? aoqHk;rI jzpfyGm;aomtcgwGif tcsKdUaomvlemrsm;udk tjcm;aom uGef&ufaq;½kHrsm;odkU
vTJajymif; ay;ydkUEkdifygonf/ ]uGef&ufaq;½kHrsm;pepft&} taxGaxGa&m*gukaq;½kHopfBuD;ESifh
aq;wuúodkvf wdkUonf &efukefaq;½kHBuD;twGuf t&Haq;½Hkrsm;tjzpf aqmif&Gufay;Edkifygonf/
aq;½kHBuD;wGif a&GUvsm;tpktzGJU ESpfzGJU yg0ifNyD; wpfzGJUpDwGif taxGaxGa&m*guk cGJpdwfq&m0efBuD;?
xdcdkuf'Pf&mESifh t½dk;ukq&m0efBuD;? orm;awmfBuD;? olemjyKq&mrESifh tvkyform;rsm; yg0ifyg
onf/ pDrHcsufwGif ]xdcdkuf'Pf&mtvdkuf OD;pm;ay;ukoonfhpepf} (Triage) yg0ifNyD; vkyfief;
tqifhqifhudk atmufwGif Z,m;jzifh azmfjyxm;ygonf/ BudKwifjyifqifrIudk ppfaq;&efESifh
wdk;wufaumif;rGefatmif aqmif&GufEdkifrnfh e,fy,frsm;udk azmfxkwf&eftwGuf aq;½kHtaqmif
tvdkuf Zmwfwdkuf avhusihfrIrsm;udkvnf; aqmif&GufNyD; jzpfygonf/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 65 -
&efukefaq;½kHBuD;
xdcdkuf'Pf&m&&Sdonfh vlemrsm;twGuf ta&;ay:pDrHcsuf
vkyfief;tqifhqifhjyZ,m;
xdcdkuf'Pf&mtvdkuf OD;pm;ay;ukojcif;
tonf;toefvlem a&m*gjyif;xef 'Pf&mtenf;i,f&½Sdol aoqHk;NyD;
OD;pm;ay; 1 OD;pm;ay; 2 OD;pm;ay; 3 a&cJwdkuf
(cGJpdwfcef;)vlemcef; (cGJpdwfcef;)vlemcef; (cGJpdwfcef;)vlemcef;
toufqufay;jcif;
[ cGJ pdwf cef; ]
[ vl em aqmif rsm; ]
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 66 -
tEÅ&m,fuif;½Sif;aomaq;½Hk jzpfapa&;twGuf ppfaq;&eftcsufrsm; pm&if;
atmufazmfjyygtusOf;csKyfazmfjyxm;onfh ppfaq;&eftcsufrsm;pm&if;udk PAHO tEÅ&m,f
uif;&Sif;aom aq;½kHrsm; ppfaq;&ef tcsufrsm;pm&if;rS qDavsmfatmif jyKjyifazmfjyxm;ygonf/
taqmufttHk½IaxmifhrSvnf;aumif;? taqmufttHkr[kwfaom ½IaxmifhrSvnf;aumif;
aq;½kHrsm;udk tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&;pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;t& qef;ppfavhvm&mwGif tokH;jyKEdkifygonf/
aq;½kH\wnfae&m
aq;½kH\wnfae&m
tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rItqifh
r½Sd ½Sd
edrfhus ysrf;rQ jrifhrm;
1/ blrdjzpfpOfrsm;
ivsifvIyfjcif; (,cifu jzpfyGm;cJhjcif;rsm;? jywfa&GUaMum
rsm;ESifheD;uyfjcif;? ajrvTmtrsKd;tpm;)
rD;awmifaygufuGJjcif; (rD;awmif odkUr[kwf rD;awmif
vIyf&Sm;rIESifh eD;uyfjcif;)
ajrNydKjcif; (awmifrsm;ESifheD;uyfjcif;? qifajcavQmrsm;
\ wnfNidrfrI)
qlemrDa&vIdif; (,cifu jzpfyGm;cJhjcif;rsm;? yifv,fESifh eD;jcif;)
2/ rdk;av0oESifh ZvaA'jzpfpOfrsm;
[m&Dudef;^qdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif; (,cifu jzpfyGm; cJhjcif;rsm;)
a&vTrf;rdk;jcif; (,cifu jzpfyGm;cJhjcif;rsm;? a&ESihf eD;jcif;)
rkefwdkif;'Da&wufjcif; (,cifu jzpfyGm;cJhjcif;rsm;)
tjcm;jzpfpOfrsm; (,cifu jzpfyGm;cJhjcif;rsm;)
3/ obm0ywf0ef;usifoefU&Sif;a&;jzpfpOfrsm; (aq;½kHtwGif;ESifhaq;½kHteD;wpf0dkufe,fajra'o)
uyfa&m*grsm; (,cifu jzpfyGm;cJhjcif;rsm;? ,if;odkU aom
jzpfpOfrsm;udk aq;½kHu udkifwG,fEdkifonfh pGrf;&nf)
npfnrf;jcif; (,cifu jzpfyGm;cJhjcif;rsm;? ,if;odkUaom
jzpfpOfrsm;udk aq;½kHu udkifwG,fEdkifonfhpGrf;&nf)
a&m*gul;pufjcif; (,cifu jzpfyGm;cJhjcif;rsm;? ,if;odkU aom
jzpf&yfrsm;udk aq;½kHuudkifwG,fEdkifonfhpGrf;&nf)
tjcm;jzpfpOfrsm; (,cifu jzpfyGm;cJhaom tjcm;
jzpfpOftrsKd;tpm;rsm;? ,if;odkUaom jzpfpOfrsm;udk aq;½kHu
udkifwG,fEdkifonfhpGrf;&nf)
4/ "mwkaA'ESifh odkUr[kwf enf;ynmjzpfpOfrsm;
aygufuGJjcif; (aq;½kHtwGif;ESifhteD;w0dkufwGif
aygufuGJEdkifaom t&if;tjrpfrsm;wnf&SdrI)
rD;avmifjcif; (aq;½kHtwGif;ESifh aq;½kH teD;w0dkuf
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 67 -
wGif ,cifujzpfpOfrsm;? BudKwifjyifqifrItpDtrHrsm;)
tEÅ&m,f&Sdaomypönf;rsm; ,dkpdrfhjcif; (aq;½kHtwGif;ESifh
aq;½kHw0dkufwGif ,cifujzpfyGm;chJzl;jcif;rsm;?
BudKwifjyifqifa&;tpDtrHrsm;)
tjcm; jzpfpOfrsm; (aq;½kHtwGif;ESifh teD;w0dkuf wGif ,cifu
jzpfyGm;chJjcif;rsm;? BudKwifjyifqifrI tpDtrHrsm;)
taqmufttHkydkif;qdkif&mtEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&;
aq;½kH taqmufttHk\ cdkifrmrI tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rItqifh
edrfhus ysrf;rQ jrifhrm;
taqmufttHk tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&; ,cifjzpfpOf
obm0jzpf&yf\ &v'ftjzpf ,cifu aq;½kHwGif taqmufttHk
xdcdkufysufpD;rI&SdchJzl;onf/
edrfhus = t"duxdckdufysufpD;rI
ysrf;rQ = toifhtwifh xdcdkufysufpD;rI
jrifhrm; = tenf;i,f xdcdkufysufpD;rI
acwfrD tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&; pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm;udk tokH;jyKí aq;½kHudk
jyefvnfjyKjyifxm;ygovm; odkUr[kwf wnfaqmufxm;ygovm;/
edrfhus = tokH;rjyKchJyg/
ysrf;rQ = wpfpdwfwpfa'otokH;jyKchJygonf/
jrifhrm; = tjynfht0tokH;jyKchJygonf/
aq;½kHudk ykHpHtopfajymif;vJjcif; odkUr[kwf jyKjyif ajymif;vJjcif;
rsm;&SdchJygovm;/
edrfhus = tBuD;pm; yHkpHajymif;vJjcif; odkUr[kwf jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif;rsm;
vkyfaqmifchJonf/
ysrf;rQ = ysrf;rQ^toifhtwifh jyKjyifajymif;vJxm;onf/
jrifhrm; = tenf;i,frQom ajymif;vJonf/
aqmufvkyfa&;pepfESifh taqmufttHkwGif tokH;jyKaom ypönf;trsKd;tpm;
aqmufvkyfa&;t&nftaoG;
edrfhus = &moDOwkaMumifh,dk,Gif;ysufpD;aeNyD; yxrxyfwGif tufaMumif;rsm;
ay:aeonf/
ysrf;rQ = &moDOwkaMumifh ,dk,Gif;ysufpD;jcif;om ½Sdygonf/
jrifhrm; = aumif;rGefygonf/ ,dk,Gif;ysufpD;jcif; odkUr[kwf
tufaMumif;rsm;rawGU&Sd&yg/
aqmufvkyfa&;ypönf;rsm;\ tajctae
edrfhus = oHacs;wufNyD; tvTmtzwfrsm; uGmusvsuf 3 rDvDrDwmxuf
ydkvGefaom tufaMumif;rsm;&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = (1) rDvDrDwmESifh (3) rDvDrDwmMum; tufaMumif;rsm;&Sdonf/
oHacs;rIefUrsm;&Sdonf/
jrifhrm; = (1) rDvDrDwmatmuf ao;i,faom tufaMumif;rsm; &Sdonf?
oHacs;r&Sdyg/
taqmufttHkr[kwfaom tydkif;rsm;u taqmufttHk tay:
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 68 -
oufa&mufrIrsm;
edrfhus = tuGmta0;rSm ydkí edrfhaom taqmufttHk\ tjrifh (0.5%) xuf
avsmhenf;onf/
ysrf;rQ = tuGmta0;rSm ydkí edrfhaom taqmufttHk\ tjrifh (0.5%) rS
(1.5%) txd &Sdonf/
jrifhrm; = tuGmta0;rSm ydkí edrfhaom taqmufttHk\ tjrifh (1.5%) xuf
ausmfvGefonf/
taqmufttHkrsm;eD;uyfjcif; (½dkufcwfjcif;cH&rnfh tEÅ&m,f?
usOf;ajrmif;aom avvrf;aMumif; jzpfay:jcif;? rD;avmifrIrsm; ponfwdkU)
edrfhus = uyfvsuf taqmufttHkESpfcktMum; tuGmta0;rSm ydkrdkíedrfhaom
taqmufttHk\ tjrihf (0.5%) xuf avsmhenf;onf/
ysrf;rQ = uyfvsuf taqmufttHkESpfcktMum; tuGmta0;rSm ydkrdkíedrfhaom
taqmufttHk\ tjrihf (0.5%) rS (1.5%) txd &Sdonf/
jrifhrm; = uyfvsuf taqmufttHkESpfcktMum; tuGmta0;rSm ydkrdkíedrfhaom
taqmufttHk\ tjrihf (1.5%) xuf ausmfvGefonf/
taqmufttHk zGJUpnf;wnfaqmufrItydkif;wGif vdktyfonfxuf ydkvGefí
jznfhqnf; wnfaqmufxm;jcif;
edrfhus = OD;wnf&mbufwpfckpDwGif a'guf odkUr[kwf wdkif odkUr[kwf wef;rsm;
(3) ckatmuf avsmhenf;onf/
ysrf;rQ = axmifhrwf ryg OD;wnf&mbufwpfckpDwGif a'guf odkUr[kwf wdkif
odkUr[kwf wef;rsm; (3) ckpD½Sdonf/
jrifhrm; = axmifhrwfusaom OD;wnf&mbuf wpfckpDwGif a'guf odkUr[kwf wdkif
odkUr[kwf wef;rsm; (3) ckpDxuf ausmfvGefonf/
csdwfqufrsm; tygt0if taqmufttHkydkif; tao;pdwf tcsufrsm;
edrfhus = (1970) jynfhESpfrsm; rwdkifrDu wnfaqmufonf/
ysrf;rQ = (1970) jynfhESpfrsm; odkUr[kwf 1980 jynfhESpfrsm;wGifwnfaqmufonf/
jrifhrm; = (1990) jynfhESpfrsm; odkUr[kwf xkdUaemufydkif;wGif wnfaqmufonf/
tkwfjrpfrsm; tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI
edrfhus = tkwfjrpfESifh pyfvsOf;onfh tcsuftvufrsm;r&Sdyg/ tkwfjrpf\teufrSm
(1.5) rDwmxufavsmhenf;onf/
ysrf;rQ = taqmufttHkykHpHrsm;ESifh ajrvTmqef;ppfavhvmrIrsm; r&Sdyg/
tkwfjrpf\teufrSm (1.5) rDwmxuf ydkvGefonf/
jrifhrm; = taqmufttHkykHpHrsm;? ajrvTmavhvmcsufrsm; &Sdonf/
tkwfjrpf\teufrSm (1.5) rDwmxuf ydkvGefonf/
taqmufttHkykHpHrsm;wGif ykHrSefr[kwfaomtcsufrsm; (cdkifrmrI? xkxnfESifh
cHEdkif&nf)
edrfhus = ykHo@mefrsm;rSm tcsdK;nD r[kwfbJ taqmufttHkrSm wpfajy;nD
rjzpfyg/
ysrf;rQ = ykHo@mefrsm;rSm tcsdK;rnDaomfvnf; taqmufttHkrSm wpfajy;nD
jzpfonf/
jrifhrm; = ykHo@mefrsm;rSm tcsdK;nDNyD; taqmufttHkrSmvnf; wpfajy;nD
ykHpH&Sdonf/
tjrifhykHrSefr[kwfjcif;rsm; (cdkifrmrI? xkxnfESifh cHEdkif&nf)
edrfhus = txyfrsm;rSm tjrifhrwlnDyg/ wpfqufwnf;r[kwfyg/ ykHrSefr[kwfaom
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 69 -
tpdwftydkif;rsm;&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = txyfrsm;rSmtvm;wltjrifh&Sdonf/ (20%xuf ydkvGefí
uGJjym;jcm;em;rI r&Sdyg/) odkUr[kwf wpfqufwnf; r[kwfaom
odkUr[kwf ykHrSefr[kwfaom tydkif;rsm;r&Sdyg/
jrifhrm; = txyfrsm;rSm tvm;wltjrifh&Sdonf/ (20%xuf ydkvGefí
uGmjcm;jcif;r&Sdyg/) xdkUtjyif wpfqufwnf; r[kwfaom odkUr[kwf
ykHrSef r[kwfaom tydkif;rsm; r&Sdyg/
jzpfpOfjzpf&yftrsKd;rsKd;twGuf taqmufttHkydkif; vdkufavsm nDaxG
jyKjyifajymif;vJxm;jcif;rsm; (rdk;av0o? blrdaA' ponfwdkU)
taqmufttHkr[kwfaom tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rIqdkif&m tpdwftydkif;rsm;
taqmufttHkr[kwfaom tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rItqifh
edrfhus ysrf;rQ jrifhrm;
ta&;ygaompepfrsm;
1-1 vQyfppfpepf
*sifea&wmrsm;onf vdktyfcsufudk jznfhqnf;ay;EdkifrI
edrfhus = (0–30%)? ysrf;rQ = (31–70%)? jrifhrm; = (71–100%)
*sifea&wmrsm;udk obm0jzpfpOfrsm;aMumifh xdckdufysufpD;jcif;rS
tumtuG,fay;xm;jcif;
edrfhus = r½Sd? ysrf;rQ = wpfpdwfwpfa'o? jrifhrm; = ½Sdonf/
vQyfppfBudK;rsm; tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI
edrfhus = r½Sd? ysrf;rQ = wpfpdwfwpfa'o? jrifhrm; = ½Sdonf/
aq;½kH\ta&;ygaom tydkif;rsm;twGuf rD;xGef;nd§aompepf
edrfhus = r½Sd? ysrf;rQ = wpfpdwfwpfa'o? jrifhrm; = ½Sdonf/
1-2 qufoG,fa&;pepf
tifwmemwdkifrsm;ESifhtifwmem a'gufrsm;\ tajctae
edrfhus = nHh? ysrf;rQ = toifhtwifh? jrifhrm; = aumif;rGef
ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;ESifhBudK;rsm; ae&mra&GUatmif csdwfwG,fxm;aom
ypönf;rsm;? a'gufrsm;\ enf;ynmtajctae
edrfhus = nHh? ysrf;rQ = toifhtwifh? jrifhrm; = aumif;rGef
taqmufttHkaqmufvkyfxm;&mae&mwGif qufoG,fa&; pepfrsm;twGuf
vkHavmufaom tajctae&Sdjcif;
edrfhus = nHh? ysrf;rQ = toifhtwifh? jrifhrm; = aumif;rGef
1-3 a&ay;a0rIpepf
a&wdkifuDwGif aq;½kHukwifwpfvkH;vQif wpfaeUvDwm 300 xuf renf;
(72) em&DMum jznfhqnf;ay;Edkifonfh t&ef a&yrmP &Sdonf/
edrfhus = (24) em&Dxuf enf;
ysrf;rQ = (24) em&Dxuf ausmfvGefaomfvnf; (72)em&D rjynfh
jrifhrm; = tenf;qkH; (72)em&DtwGuf vkHavmufonf/
a&odkavSmifaomuefrsm;rSm umuG,fay;xm;aom ae&mwGif &Sdonf/
edrfhus = taqmufttHkwnf½Sd&m ae&mwGif taqmufttHkydkif; odkUr[kwf
taqmufttHkydkif; r[kwfaom ysufpD;rI jzpfEkdifonf/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 70 -
ysrf;rQ = ysufpD;rIonf taqmufttHk rNydKusapEdkifyg/
jrifhrm; = taqmufttHk\ vkyfief;aqmif½GufrIydkif; ysufpD;rI jzpfEdkifajc
enf;yg;onf/
a&jzefUa0onfhpepf tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI (tqdkU&Sifrsm;? ydkufrsm;?
tqufrsm;)
edrfhus = (60%)xuf avsmhenf;í aumif;rGefpGmtokH;jyKEdkifaom
taetxm;&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = (60%) ESifh (80%) tMum; aumif;rGefaom tajctae &Sdonf/
jrifhrm; = (80%) txuf aumif;rGefaom tajctae &Sdonf/
jznfhpGufa&pkyfpepf
edrfhus = t&efa&pkyfpufr&Sdyg/ a&pkyf,lEdkifaom yrmPrSm aeUpOfvdktyfcsufudk
rjynfhrDyg/
ysrf;rQ = a&pkyfpyfrsm;tm;vkH; toifhtwifh taetxm;½Sdonf/
jrifhrm; = a&pkyfpufrsm; ESifh t&efpepfrsm; tm;vkH; tokH;jyKEdkif onfh
taetxm; ½Sdonf/
1-4 avmifpmodkavSmifxm;&Sdjcif; ("mwfqD? 'DZ,f)
avmifpmwdkifuDrsm;rSm tenf;qkH; (5) &ufpm qefUonf/
edrfhus = (3) &ufpmxufavsmhenf;
ysrf;rQ = (3) &ufrS (5) &ufpm
jrifhrm; = (5) &uf okdUr[kwf xkdUxufydkrdk
avmifpmodkavSmifxm;aom ae&modkU oGm;a&mufEkdifNyD;
tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;aom ae&mwGif &Sdonf/
edrfhus = ysufpD;rnfhtEÅ&m,f&Sdonf/ odkUr[kwf wdkufuDrsm;odkU
oGm;a&mufEdkifjcif;r&Sdyg/
ysrf;rQ = tajctae(2)&yfteuf wpf&yf jynfhrDonf/
jrifhrm; = avmifpmodkavSmifxm;onfh wdkifuDrsm;odkUoGm; a&mufEdkifNyD;
¤if;wdkUrSmvkHNcHKaom ae&mwGif&Sdonf/
avmifpmjzefUa0a&;pepf tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&; (tqdkU&Sifrsm;? ydkufrsm;ESifh
tqufrsm;)
edrfhus = pepf\ (60%)xuf avsmhenf;í aumif;rGefpGm tokH;jyKEdkifaom
taetxm;&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = pepf\ (60%) ESifh (80%) tMum; aumif;rGefpGm tokH;jyKEkdifaom
tajctae&Sdonf/
jrifhrm; = pepf\ (80%)ausmf aumif;rGefpGm tokH;jyKEdkifaom
taetxm;&Sdonf/
1-5 aq;0g;uko&mwGif tokH;jyKaom "mwfaiGUrsm;(atmufqD*sif? Edkufx½dk*sif ponfwdkU)
wdkifuDrsm;? qvif'grsm;ESifh qufpyfypönf;rsm;twGuf csdwfwG,fud&d,mrsm;
edrfhus = csdwfwG,fud&d,mrsm;r&Sdyg/
ysrf;rQ = csdwfwG,fud&d,mrsm; t&nftaoG;rvkHavmufyg/
jrifhrm; = csdwfwG,fud&d,mrsm; t&nftaoG;aumif;onf/
aq;0g;uko&mwGif tokH;jyKaom "mwfaiGUwdkifuDrsm;ESifh odkUr[kwf
qvif'grsm;ESifhqufpyf ypönf;rsm;udk umuG,f apmifha&Smufjcif;
edrfhus = oD;oefU ae&mr&Sdyg/,if;ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;udk tokH;jyK&eftwGuf
t&nftcsif;jynhfrDaom 0efxrf;rsm;vnf;r&Sd yg/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 71 -
ysrf;rQ = oD;oefUae&m&Sdonf/ odkUr[kwf t&nftcsif;jynfhrDaom 0efxrf;rsm;u
udkifwG,ftokH;jyKonf/
jrifhrm; = oD;oefUae&mvnf;&SdNyD; t&nftcsif;jynfhrDaom 0efxrf;rsm;uvnf;
udkifwG,ftokH;jyKonf/
odkavSmifxm;&Sd&efae&m tvkHtavmuf½Sdjcif;
edrfhus = aq;0g;uko&mwGiftokH;jyKaom "mwfaiGUrsm; odkavSmif
xm;&Sd&eftwGuf ae&mrsm;owfrSwfxm;jcif;r&Sdyg/
ysrf;rQ = odkavSmifxm;&Sd&efae&mrsm; owfrSwfxm;aomfvnf;
tEÅ&m,frsm;aomae&mjzpfonf/
jrifhrm; = ae&mrsm;rSm tvG,fwul oGm;a&mufEdkifNyD; tEÅ&m,f r&Sdyg/
ta&;ygaom ae&mrsm;wGif tylay;pepf? av0ifavxGufpepfESifh avat;pepf wyfqif xm;jcif;
ydkufrsm;ESifh >yefrsm;udk vkHavmufpGm csdwfwG,fxm;jcif;ESifh
wdk;csJUtqufrsm;udkjzwfausmfoGm;aom ydkuf? >yefrsm;\ auG;Edkif?
qefUEdkifrIudk ppfaq;xm;½Sdjcif;
edrfhus = nHh? ysrf;rQ = toifhtwifh? jrifhrm; = aumif;rGef
ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;\ tokH;jyKEdkifrItajctae (bGdKifvm? avat;pepfrsm;?
avqdk;xkwfpepfrsm; ponfwdkU)
edrfhus = nHh? ysrf;rQ = toifhtwifh? jrifhrm; = aumif;rGef
½kH;cef;ESifh pwdkcef;ypönf;rsm;ESifh ud&d,mrsm;
pifrsm;ESifhpifrsm;wGifwifxm;aom ypönf;ud&d,m csdwfwG,fud&d,m
tcdkiftrm&Sdonf/
edrfhus = nHh? ysrf;rQ = toifhtwifh? jrifhrm; = aumif;rGef
uGefysLwmrsm; ESifhy&ifwmrsm;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rSK
edrfhus = nHh? ysrf;rQ = toifhtwifh? jrifhrm; = aumif;rGef
½kH;okH;ypönf;rsm;ESifh tjcm;ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;\ tajctae
edrfhus = nHh? ysrf;rQ = toifhtwifh? jrifhrm; = aumif;rGef
tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;pGm a&m*g½SmazG&efESifh uko&ef tokH;jyKaom aq;0g;ukorIESifh vufawGU prf;oyfcef;oHk;
ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;
cGJpdwfcef;rsm;ESifh vlemrsm; jyefvnfemvefxlaom tcef;rsm;wGif
aq;0g;ukorI ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;udk ae&mtwnfwusxm;&Sdjcif; (vkHNcHKpGm
aomhcwfxm;jcif;)
edrfhus = ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;rSm tajctaenhHzsif;onf odkUr[kwf
vkHNcHKpGmrxm;&Sdyg/
ysrf;rQ = ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;rSm tajctaeoifhwifhonf/ odkUr[kwf vkHNcHKpGm
xm;&Sdonf/
jrifhrm; = ypönf; ud&d,mrsm;rSm tajctaeaumif;rGefNyD; vkHNcHKpGmvnf;
xm;&Sdonf/
vufawGUprf;oyfcef;okH; ypönf; ud&d,mrsm; tajctaeESifh
tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI
edrfhus = ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;rSm tajctaeraumif;rGefyg/ odkUr[kwf vkHNcHKpGm
rxm;&Sdyg/
ysrf;rQ = ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;rSm tajctaeoifhwifhonf/ odkUr[kwf vkHNcHKpGm
xm;&Sdonf/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 72 -
jrifhrm; = ypönf; ud&d,mrsm;rSm tajctaeaumif;rGefNyD; vkHNcHKpGmvnf;
xm;&Sdonf/
ta&;ay:tcef;wGif aq;0g;ukorIypönf;ud&d,mrsm; tajctaeESihf
tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI
edrfhus = ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;rSm tajctaeraumif;rGefyg/ odkUr[kwf
vkHNcHKpGmrxm;&Sdyg/
ysrf;rQ = ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;rSm tajctaeoifhwifhonf/ odkUr[kwf vkHNcHKpGm
xm;&Sdonf/
jrifhrm; = ypönf; ud&d,mrsm;rSm tajctaeaumif;rGefNyD; vkHNcHKpGmvnf;
xm;&Sdonf/
txl;MuyfrwfukoaqmiftwGif;&Sd aq;0g;ukorI ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;
tajctaeESifh tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI
edrfhus = ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;rSm tajctaeraumif;rGefyg/ odkUr[kwf
vkHNcHKpGmrxm;&Sdyg/
ysrf;rQ = ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;rSm tajctaeoifhwifhonf/ odkUr[kwf vkHNcHKpGm
xm;&Sdonf/
jrifhrm; = ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;rSm tajctaeaumif;rGefNyD; vkHNcHKpGmvnf;
xm;&Sdonf/
aq;pyf^aq;ay;cef;twGif;&Sd ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;\ tajctae ESifh
tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI
edrfhus = ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;rSm tajctaeraumif;rGefyg/ odkUr[kwf
vkHNcHKpGmrxm;&Sdyg/
ysrf;rQ = ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;rSm tajctaeoifhwifhonf/ odkUr[kwf vkHNcHKpGm
xm;&Sdonf/
jrifhrm; = ypönf; ud&d,mrsm;rSm tajctaeaumif;rGefNyD; vkHNcHKpGmvnf;
xm;&Sdonf/
tjcm;aom 0efaqmifrIXmersm;&Sd aq;0g;ukorI ypönf;ud&d,m
rsm;\ tajctaeESihf tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI
edrfhus = vkyfief;aqmif&GufEdkif&eftwGuf r&Sdrjzpfvdktyfaom ypönf;ud&d,m
rsm;\ 20% ausmf ypönf; odkUr[kwf vkyfief;ydkif; csdKU,Gif;rnfhtEÅ&m,f
&Sdaeonf/ xdkUtjyif^odkUr[kwf r&Sdrjzpf vdktyfcsuf r[kwfaom
ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;onf vkyfief;wpfckvkH; aqmif&GufrI udk wdkuf½dkuf
odkUr[kwf oG,f0dkufí tEÅ&m,f jzpfapEdkifonf/
ysrf;rQ = edrfhusvnf;r[kwf? jrifhrm;vnf;r[kwf?
jrifhrm; = r&Sdrjzpfaom ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;teuf 100%ESifh r&Sdrjzpf r[kwfaom
ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;teuf tenf;qkH; 80%udk vkHNcHKpGmxm;&Sdonf/
taqmufttHk tpdwftydkif;rsm;
wHcg;ESifh 0ifaygufrsm;\ tajctaeESifh tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI
edrfhus = wHcg;ESifh odkUr[kwf 0ifaygufrsm; xdcdkufysufpD;ygu tokH;jyKEdkifrSK
t[efUtwm;jzpfrnf/ tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;? pepfrsm;ESifh
vkyfief; aqmif&GufrIrsm; udkvnf; xdckdufrnf/
ysrf;rQ = wHcg;ESifh odkUr[kwf 0ifaygufrsm; xdcdkufysufpD;ygu tjcm;aom
tpdwftydkif;rsm;? pepfrsm;ESifh vkyfief; aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk rxdcdkufyg/
jrifhrm; = wHcg;rsm;ESifh ^odkUr[kwf 0ifaygufrsm;onf xdcdkufysufpD;rI&Sdrnf
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 73 -
r[kwfyg/ odkUr[kwf tenf;i,fom xdcdkufysufpD;ygrnf/ þxdcdkuf
ysufpD;rIonf ¤if;wdkUudk tokH;jyKEdkifrIESifh tjcm;aomtpdwftydkif;rsm;?
pepfrsm; ESifh vkyfief;rsm;aqmif&GufEdkifrIudk xdckdufrnfr[kwfyg/
jywif;aygufrsm;ESifhw½kwfuyfrsm;tajctaeESifh tEÅ&m,f uif;&Sif;rI
edrfhus = jywif;aygufrsm;xdcdkufysufpD;ygu tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;?
pepfrsm;ESifh vkyfief;aqmif&GufrI rsm;udkvnf; xdckdufrnf/
ysrf;rQ = jywif;aygufrsm; xdcdkufysufpD;ygu tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;?
pepfrsm;ESifh vkyfief;aqmif&GufrI rsm;udk rxdcdkufyg/
jrifhrm; = jywif;aygufrsm;onf xdcdkuf ysufpD;rI tenf;i,fom ½SdEkdifNyD;
þxdcdkufysufpD;rIonf ¤if;wdkUudk tokH;jyKEdkifrI ESifh tjcm;aom
tpdwftydkif;rsm;? pepfrsm;ESifh vkyfief; rsm; aqmif&GufEdkifrIudk
xdckdufrnfr[kwfyg/
taqmufttHkywf0ef;usif tjcm;tpdwftydkif;rsm; tajctaeESifh
tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI
edrfhus = þtpdwftydkif;rsm;xdcdkufysufpD;ygu tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;?
pepfrsm;ESifh vkyfief; aqmif&GufrIrsm; udkvnf; xdckdufrnf/
ysrf;rQ = þtpdwftydkif;rsm;xdcdkufysufpD;ygu tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;?
pepfrsm;ESifh vkyfief; aqmif&GufrI rsm;udk rxdcdkufyg/
jrifhrm; = þtpdwftydkif;rsm;onf xdcdkuf ysufpD;rI r½SdEdkif odkUr[kwf
tenf;i,fom ½SdEkdifNyD; þxdcdkufysufpD;rI onf ¤if;wdkUudk
tokH;jyKEdkifrIESifh tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;? pepfrsm;ESifh vkyfief;rsm;
aqmif&Guf EdkifrIudk xdckdufrnfr[kwfyg/
acgifrdk;\ tajctaeESihf tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI
edrfhus = acgifrdk;xdcdkufysufpD;ygu tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;? pepfrsm;ESifh
vkyfief; aqmif&GufrIrsm;udkvnf; xdckdufrnf/
ysrf;rQ = acgifrdk;xdcdkufysufpD;ygu tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;? pepfrsm;ESifh
vkyfief; aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk rxdcdkufyg/
jrifhrm; = acgifrdk;onf xdcdkuf ysufpD;rI r½SdEdkif odkUr[kwf tenf;i,fom ½SdEkdifNyD;
þxdcdkufysufpD;rIonf acgifrdk;udk tokH;jyKEdkifrIESifh tjcm;aom
tpdwftydkif; rsm;? pepfrsm; ESifh vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&GufEdkifrIudk
xdckdufrnf r[kwfyg/
vufudkifwef;rsm;? tumt&Hrsm;\ tajctaeESifh tEÅ&m,f uif;&Sif;rI
edrfhus = vufudkifwef;rsm; xdcdkufysufpD;ygu tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;?
pepfrsm;ESifh vkyfief; aqmif&GufrIrsm; udkvnf; xdckdufrnf/
ysrf;rQ = vufudkifwef;rsm;xdcdkufysufpD;ygu tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;?
pepfrsm;ESifh vkyfief; aqmif&GufrI rsm;udk rxdcdkufyg/
jrifhrm; = vufudkifwef;rsm;onf xdcdkuf ysufpD;rI r½SdEdkif odkUr[kwf
tenf;i,fom ½SdEkdifNyD; þxdcdkuf ysufpD;rI onf ¤if;wdkUudk
tokH;jyKEdkifrIESifh tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;? pepfrsm;ESifh vkyfief;rsm;
aqmif&GufEdkifrIudk xdckdufrnfr[kwfyg/
taqmufttHkywfvnfeH&H\ tajctaeESifh tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI
edrfhus = eH&Hrsm; xdcdkufysufpD;ygu tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;? pepfrsm;ESifh
vkyfief; aqmif&GufrIrsm;udkvnf; xdckdufrnf/
ysrf;rQ = eH&Hrsm; xdcdkufysufpD;ygu tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;? pepfrsm;ESifh
vkyfief; aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk rxdcdkufyg/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 74 -
jrifhrm; = eH&Hrsm;onf xdcdkuf ysufpD;rI r½SdEdkif odkUr[kwf tenf;i,fom ½SdEkdifNyD;
þxdcdkufysufpD;rIonf ¤if;wdkUudk tokH;jyKEdkifrIESifh tjcm;aom
tpdwftydkif; rsm;? pepfrsm;ESifh vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&GufEdkifrIudk
xdckdufrnfr[kwfyg/
tjcm;aomjyifytpdwftydkfif;rsm; (aumfepfrsm;? tqifwefqm rsm;
ponfwdkU)
edrfhus = þtpdwftydkif;rsm; xdcdkufysufpD;ygu tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;?
pepfrsm;ESifh vkyfief; aqmif&GufrIrsm; udkvnf; xdckdufrnf/
ysrf;rQ = þtpdwftydkif;rsm; xdcdkufysufpD;ygu tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;?
pepfrsm;ESifh vkyfief; aqmif&GufrI rsm;udk rxdcdkufyg/
jrifhrm; = þtpdwftydkif;rsm;onf xdcdkuf ysufpD;rI r½SdEdkif odkUr[kwf
tenf;i,fom ½SdEkdifNyD; þxdcdkufysufpD;rI onf ¤if;wdkUudk
tokH;jyKEdkifrIESifh tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;? pepfrsm; ESifh vkyfief;
aqmif&GufEdkifrI udk xdckdufrnfr[kwfyg/
vlemrsm;? 0efxrf;rsm;ESifh tjcm;olrsm;? aq;½kHarmfawmf,mOfrsm;?
taqmufttHkjyifywGif oGm;vmEdkif&eftwGuf tEÅ&m,f uif;&Sif;aom
tajctaersm;
edrfhus = taqmufttHk odkUr[kwf vrf;rsm;ESifhavQmufvrf;rsm; xdcdkuf
ysufpD;ygu taqmufttHkrsm;odkU oGm;a&muf EdkifrI xdckdufNyD;
vrf;oGm;vrf;vmrsm;vnf; tEÅ&m,f jzpfrnf/
ysrf;rQ = taqmufttHk odkUr[kwf vrf;ESifh avQmufvrf;rsm;
xdcdkufysufpD;rIrsm;onf vrf;oGm;vrf;vmrsm;? aq;½kH
armfawmf,mOfoGm;vmrIrsm;udk taESmifht,Sufrjzpfyg/
jrifhrm; = taqmufttHk odkUr[kwf vrf;ESifhavQmufvrf;rsm; xdckdufysufpD;rnf
r[kwfyg/ odkUr[kwf tenf;i,fom xdcdkufygrnf/ vrf;oGm;vrf;vm
rsm; odkUr[kwf aq;½kHarmfawmf,mOfrsm; 0ifxGufoGm;vmrIudk
taESmifht,Suf rjzpfyg/
vlemrsm;? 0efxrf;rsm;ESifhtjcm;olrsm; aq;½kHtwGif; oGm;vm Edkif&eftwGuf
tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;aom tajctaersm; (aumf&pf'grsm;? avSum;rsm;?
"mwfavSum;rsm; ponfwdkU)
edrfhus = þtpdwftydkif; xdcdkufysufpD;jcif;aMumifh tjcm; tpdwftydkif;rsm;?
pepfrsm; odkUr[kwf vkyfief; aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk xdckdufrnf/
ysrf;rQ = þtpdwftydkif;udk xdckdufaomfvnf; vkyfief; aqmif&GufrI
t[efUtwm; jzpfrnfr[kwfyg/
jrifhrm; = þtpdwftydkif;onf xdcdkufysufpD;rI&Sdrnf r[kwfyg/ odkUr[kwf
tenf;i,fom xdckdufysufpD;NyD; vkyfief; aqmif&GufrIudkvnf;aumif;?
tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif; rsm;? pepfrsm; odkUr[kwf
vkyfief;rsm;udkvnf;aumif; taESmifht,SufjyKrnf r[kwfyg/
taqmufttHktwGif;eH&Hrsm;? tumt&Hrsm;\ tajctaeESifh tEÅ&m,f
uif;&Sif;rI
edrfhus = þtpdwftydkif;rsm; xdcdkufysufpD;jcif;aMumifh tjcm; tpdwftydkif; rsm;?
pepfrsm; odkUr[kwf vkyfief; aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk xdckdufrnf/
ysrf;rQ = þtpdwftydkif;rsm;udk xdckdufaomfvnf; vkyfief; aqmif&GufrI
t[efUtwm; jzpfrnfr[kwfyg/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 75 -
jrifhrm; = þtpdwftydkif;rsm;onf xdcdkufysufpD;rI&Sdrnf r[kwfyg/ odkUr[kwf
tenf;i,fom xdckdufysufpD;NyD; vkyfief;aqmif&GufrI udkvnf;aumif;?
tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif;rsm;? pepfrsm; odkUr[kwf vkyfief;rsm;udk
vnf;aumif; taESmifht,SufjyKrnf r[kwfyg/
rD;xGef;nd§pepf tajctaeESifh tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI
edrfhus = þtpdwftydkif; xdcdkufysufpD;jcif;aMumifh tjcm; tpdwftydkif;rsm;?
pepfrsm; odkUr[kwf vkyfief; aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk xdckdufrnf/
ysrf;rQ = þtpdwftydkif;udk xdckdufaomfvnf; vkyfief; aqmif&GufrI
t[efUtwm; jzpfrnfr[kwfyg/
jrifhrm; = þtpdwftydkif;onf xdcdkufysufpD;rI&Sdrnf r[kwfyg/ odkUr[kwf
tenf;i,fom xdckdufysufpD;NyD; vkyfief; aqmif&GufrIudkvnf;aumif;?
tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif; rsm;? pepfrsm; odkUr[kwf
vkyfief;rsm;udkvnf;aumif; taESmifht,SufjyKrnf r[kwfyg/
"mwfavSum;pepf tajctaeESifh tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI
edrfhus = þtpdwftydkif; xdcdkufysufpD;jcif;aMumifh tjcm; tpdwftydkif;rsm;?
pepfrsm; odkUr[kwf vkyfief; aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk xdckdufrnf/
ysrf;rQ = þtpdwftydkif;udk xdckdufaomfvnf; vkyfief; aqmif&GufrI
t[efUtwm; jzpfrnfr[kwfyg/
jrifhrm; = þtpdwftydkif;onf xdcdkufysufpD;rI &Sdrnfr[kwfyg/ odkUr[kwf
tenf;i,fom xdckdufysufpD;NyD; vkyfief; aqmif&GufrIudkvnf;aumif;?
tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif; rsm;? pepfrsm; odkUr[kwf
vkyfief;rsm;udkvnf;aumif; taESmifht,Suf jyKrnf r[kwfyg/
avSum;rsm; tajctaeESifh tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI
edrfhus = þtpdwftydkif; xdcdkufysufpD;jcif;aMumifh tjcm; tpdwftydkif;rsm;?
pepfrsm; odkUr[kwf vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk xdckdufrnf/
ysrf;rQ = þtpdwftydkif;udk xdckdufaomfvnf; vkyfief; aqmif&GufrI
t[efUtwm; jzpfrnfr[kwfyg/
jrifhrm; = þtpdwftydkif;onf xdcdkufysufpD;rI&Sdrnf r[kwfyg/ odkUr[kwf
tenf;i,fom xdckdufysufpD;NyD; vkyfief; aqmif&GufrIudkvnf;aumif;?
tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif; rsm;? pepfrsm; odkUr[kwf
vkyfief;rsm;udkvnf;aumif; taESmifht,Suf jyKrnf r[kwfyg/
Murf;cif;rsm; tajctae ESifh tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;rI
edrfhus = þtpdwftydkif; xdcdkufysufpD;jcif;aMumifh tjcm; tpdwftydkif;rsm;?
pepfrsm; odkUr[kwf vkyfief; aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk xdckdufrnf/
ysrf;rQ = þtpdwftydkif;udk xdckdufaomfvnf; vkyfief; aqmif&GufrI
t[efUtwm; jzpfrnfr[kwfyg/
jrifhrm; = þtpdwftydkif;onf xdcdkufysufpD;rI&Sdrnfr[kwfyg/ odkUr[kwf
tenf;i,fom xdckdufysufpD;NyD; vkyfief; aqmif&GufrIudkvnf;aumif;?
tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif; rsm;? pepfrsm; odkUr[kwf vkyfief;rsm;udk
vnf;aumif; taESmifht,SufjyKrnf r[kwfyg/
aq;½kHodkU0ifxGufEdkifrI
edrfhus = þtpdwftydkif; xdcdkufysufpD;jcif;aMumifh tjcm; tpdwftydkif;rsm;?
pepfrsm; odkUr[kwf vkyfief; aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk xdckdufrnf/
ysrf;rQ = þtpdwftydkif;udk xdckdufaomfvnf; vkyfief; aqmif&GufrI
t[efUtwm; jzpfrnfr[kwfyg/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 76 -
jrifhrm; = þtpdwftydkif;onf xdcdkufysufpD;rI&Sdrnfr[kwfyg/ odkUr[kwf
tenf;i,fom xdckdufysufpD;NyD; vkyfief; aqmif&GufrIudkvnf;aumif;?
tjcm;aom tpdwftydkif; rsm;? pepfrsm; odkUr[kwf vkyfief;rsm;udk
vnf;aumif; taESmifht,SufjyKrnf r[kwfyg/
aq;½kH\ vkyfief;aqmif&GufEdkifrI pGrf;aqmif&nf vkHNcHKrItydkif;u@rsm;
aq;½kH obm0ab; aumfrwD zGJUpnf;jcif;ESihf
ta&;ay:vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIXme pkzGJUrItqifh
pkzGJUrItqifh
edrfhus ysrf;rQ jrifhrm;
ta&;ay:tajctaeBuD;rsm; odkUr[kwf obm0ab;&efrsm;udk
wkefUjyef&eftwGuf aumfrwDrsm;udk w&m;0ifzGJUpnf;wnfaxmif xm;&Sdjcif;
edrfhus = r&Sdyg/
ysrf;rQ = &Sdygonf/
jrifhrm; = zGJUpnf;xm;NyD; vkyfief;aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdygonf/
vkyfief;e,fy,ftoD;oD;rS aumfrwD0ifrsm; yg0ifjcif;
edrfhus = vkyfief;e,fy,f (3)cktxd udk,fpm;jyK yg0ifygonf/
ysrf;rQ = vkyfief;e,fy,f (4)ckrS(5)cktxd udk,fpm;jyKyg0ifonf/
jrifhrm; = vkyfief;e,fy,f (6)ckESifhtxuf yg0ifonf/ (Oyrm -
aq;½kH\ 'g½dkufwm? olemjyK'g½dkufwm? jyKjyifxdef;odrf;a&;
tif*sifeD,m? ta&;ay:Xme tBuD;tuJ? aq;0g;ukorI tBuD;tuJ?
cGJpdwfukorI tBuD;tuJ? vufawGUprf;oyfcef;ESifh yhHydk;rI 0efaqmifrI
tBuD;tuJ ponfwdkUjzpfygonf/)
tzGJU0ifwpfOD;pDwGif oD;jcm;wm0efrsm; owfrSwfxm;jcif;
edrfhus = wm0efrsm; owfrSwfxm;jcif;r&Sdyg/
ysrf;rQ = wm0efrsm;udk w&m;0if owfrSwfxm;ygonf/
jrifhrm; = tzGJU0ifrsm;tm;vkH;u rdrdwdkU\wm0efrsm;udk od&SdMuygonf/
aq;½kHwGif ta&;ay:vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIXme Emergency Operations
Centre (EOC) &Sdjcif;
edrfhus = r&Sdyg/
ysrf;rQ = tcef;udk w&m;0ifowf rSwfxm;ygonf/
jrifhrm; = EOC &SdNyD; vkyfief;aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdygonf/
EOC onf tumtuG,f½SdNyD; tEÅ&m,fuif;onfhae&mwGif wnf&Sdjcif;
edrfhus = tcef; wnfae&mrSm tEÅ&m,fuif;aom ae&m r[kwfyg/
ysrf;rQ = tcef; wnfae&mrSm tumtuG,f½SdNyD; tEÅ&m,fuif;onf/
jrifhrm; = tcef; wnfae&mrSm tumtuG,f½SdNyD; tEÅ&m,f uif;onfhtjyif
tvG,fwul oGm;a&mufEdkifonf/
EOC wGif uGefysLwmpepfESifh uGefysLwmrsm; wyfqifxm;jcif;
edrfhus = r&Sdyg/
ysrf;rQ = tcsdKU&Sdonf/
jrifhrm; = uGefysLwmpepfvdktyfcsufrsm; tm;vkH; jynfhpHkonf/
EOC wGif taqmufttHkwGif;ESifh taqmufttHkjyify qufoG,fa&;
pepfrsm; ESpf&yfpvkH; aumif;rGefonf/
edrfhus = tokH;jyKEkdifjcif;^wyfqifxm;jcif; r&Sdyg/
ysrf;rQ = tcsdKUudkom tokH;jyKEdkifonf/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 77 -
jrifhrm; = tjynfhtpkHwyfqifxm;NyD; tokH;jyKEdkifonf/
EOC wGif ypönf;ud&d,mESifh y&dabm*rsm; tvkHtavmuf
wyfqifxm;jcif;
edrfhus = r&Sdyg/
ysrf;rQ = twdkif;twmwpfcktxd&Sdonf/
jrifhrm; = &Sdonf/
EOC wGif rSefuefaom aemufqHk;xkwf w,fvDzkef; vrf;nTef &Sdonf/
edrfhus = r&Sdyg/
ysrf;rQ = w,fvDzkef; vrf;nTef&Sdaomfvnf; aemufqkH;xkwf r[kwfyg/
jrifhrm; = w,fvDzkef;vrf;nTef &&SdEdkifNyD; aemufqkH;xkwfvnf; jzpfonf/
aq;½kHtwGif;tjyif ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;twGuf vkyfief;pDrHcsuf NyD;pD;rItqifh
edrfhus ysrf;rQ jrifhrm;
pDrHcsufwGif aq;½kH\ r&Sdrjzpf vdktyfaom 0efaqmifrIrsm; qdkif&m
ab;tEÅ&m,f rjzpfyGm;rD? jzpfyGm;aepOf odkUr[kwf jzpfyGm;NyD;aemuf
aqmif&Guf&rnfh vkyfief;rsm;udk azmfjyxm;ygonf/ (ta&;ay: tcef;?
txl;Muyfrwfukoaqmif? a&m*gydk;oefUpifjcif;ESifh
ydk;rTm;uif;pifapjcif;Xme? cGJpdwfcef; ponfwdkU jzpfygonf/)
edrfhus = tpDtpOfr&Sdyg/ odkUr[kwf pm&Gufay:wGifom&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef; ay;NyD; jzpfonf/
jrifhrm; = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;tm;avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD;í
tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&eft&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; xm;&Sdonf/
tpDtpOfudk rnfuhJodkU? rnfonfhtcsdefwGif? rnfolu
pwifaqmif&Gufrnf^aqmif&Gufjcif;udk &yfqdkif;rnf[lí
vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm; owfrSwfxm;jcif;
edrfhus = tpDtpOfr&Sdyg/ odkUr[kwf pm&Gufay:wGifom&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef; ay;NyD; jzpfonf/
jrifhrm; = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;tm;avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD;í
tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&eft&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; xm;&Sdonf/
tpDtpOfwGif obm0ab;jzpfyGm;ygu 0efxrf;rsm;udk ac:,l pmcsKyfcsKyfqdk
cefUxm; tokH;jyK&efESifh ypönf;rsm; 0,f,l&ef twGuf vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;
xnfhoGif;owfrSwfxm;jcif;
edrfhus = tpDtpOfr&Sdyg/ odkUr[kwf pm&Gufay:wGifom&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef; ay;NyD; jzpfonf/
jrifhrm; = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;tm;avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD;í
tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&eft&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; xm;&Sdonf/
aq;½kHwGif obm0ab;tajctaersm;ü tokH;jyK&eftwGuf oD;jcm;
bwf*sufxm;½Sdjcif;
edrfhus = bwf*suf r&Sdyg/
ysrf;rQ = bwf*sufrSm (72)em&Dpmxuf avsmhenf;onf/
jrifhrm; = (72)em&D odkUr[kwf xdkUxuf ydkvGefí tokH;jyKEdkifonf/
tpDtpOfwGif vltrsm;tjym;xdckduf'Pf&m&&Sd aoaMu ysufpD;rIrsm;udk
ukoay;&eftwGuf ypönf;ud&d,mrsm; wyfqifEdkifaom ae&myg0ifNyD;
owfrSwfxm;&Sdjcif;
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 78 -
edrfhus = tpDtpOfr&Sdyg/ odkUr[kwf pm&Gufay:wGifom&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef; ay;NyD; jzpfonf/
jrifhrm; = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;tm;avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD;í
tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&eft&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; xm;&Sdonf/
tpDtpOfwGif xdcdkuf'Pf&mtvdkuf OD;pm;ay;uko&ef ae&mrsm; ESifh
wm0ef,l&rnfh0efxrf;rsm;udk owfrSwfazmfjyxm;jcif;
edrfhus = tpDtpOfr&Sdyg/ odkUr[kwf pm&Gufay:wGifom&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef; ay;NyD; jzpfonf/
jrifhrm; = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;tm;avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD;í
tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&eft&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; xm;&Sdonf/
tpDtpOfwGif aq;½kH0efaqmifrIrsm; wdk;csJU&eftwGuf vdktyf aom
csOf;uyfykHESifh vkyfief;rsm;udk xnfhoGif;a&;qGJxm;jcif;
edrfhus = tpDtpOfr&Sdyg/ odkUr[kwf pm&Gufay:wGifom&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef; ay;NyD; jzpfonf/
jrifhrm; = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;tm;avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD;í
tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&eft&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; xm;&Sdonf/
oufqdkif&mtmPmydkifu tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&; ppfaq;rIrsm; ykHrSef
jyKvkyfjcif;
edrfhus = ppfaq;rIrsm; rjyKvkyfyg/
ysrf;rQ = wpfcsdKUwpf0ufom ppfaq;onf odkUr[kwf ppfaq;rIrSm acwfrrDyg/
jrifhrm; = ppfaq;rIrsm;rSm jynfhpkHNyD; aemufqkH;tajctaeESifh udkufnDonf/
aq;½kH\ uyfa&m*gapmifhMunhfppfaq;a&; aumfrwDwGif obm0
ab;jzpfpOfrsm; odkUr[kwf trsm;tjym; aoaMu ysufpD;rIrsm; twGuf
ukorIqdkif&m vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm; owfrSwfxm;jcif;
edrfhus = tpDtpOfr&Sdyg/ odkUr[kwf pm&Gufay:wGifom&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef; ay;NyD; jzpfonf/
jrifhrm; = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;tm;avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD;í
tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&eft&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; xm;&Sdonf/
tavmif;rsm; ,m,Dxm;&Sd&efESifh Oya'ydkif;qdkif&m aq;ynm
vkyfief;rsm;twGuf vkyfief;ae&mrsm; jyifqifxm;&Sd&ef vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;
½Sdjcif;
edrfhus = tpDtpOfr&Sdyg/ odkUr[kwf pm&Gufay:wGifom&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef; ay;NyD; jzpfonf/
jrifhrm; = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;tm;avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD;í
tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&eft&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; xm;&Sdonf/
xdcdkuf'Pf&mtvdkuf OD;pm;ay;uko&ef? toufquf&ef?
vlemrsm;wnfNidrfap&ef ESifhaq;0g;uko&ef vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;
owfrSwfxm;jcif;
edrfhus = tpDtpOfr&Sdyg/ odkUr[kwf pm&Gufay:wGifom&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef; ay;NyD; jzpfonf/
jrifhrm; = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;tm;avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD;í
tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&eft&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; xm;&Sdonf/
pDrHcsufwGif olemwif,mOfrsm;ESifh w&m;0if aq;½kHoHk;
armfawmf,mOfrsm;twGuf xnfhoGif;azmfjyxm;jcif;
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 79 -
edrfhus = tpDtpOfr&Sdyg/ odkUr[kwf pm&Gufay:wGifom&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef; ay;NyD; jzpfonf/
jrifhrm; = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;tm;avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD;í
tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&eft&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; xm;&Sdonf/
ta&;ay:tajctaewGif aq;½kH0efxrf;rsm;twGuf tpm;tpm cJGwrf;rsm;
owfrSwfay;xm;jcif;
edrfhus = r&Sdyg/
ysrf;rQ = (72)em&Dpmxuf avsmhenf;onf/
jrifhrm; = tenf;qkH; (72) em&Dpm &Sdygonf/
ta&;ay:tajctaewGif ac:,lrnfh 0efxrf;rsm;twGuf wm0efrsm;udk
pDrHcsufwGif owfrSwfazmfjyxm;jcif;
edrfhus = tpDtpOfr&Sdyg/ odkUr[kwf pm&Gufay:wGifom&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef; ay;NyD; jzpfonf/
jrifhrm; = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;tm;avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD;í
tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&eft&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; xm;&Sdonf/
aq;½kHESifh&yf&GmtmPmydkif;rsm; tMum; yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrSKESifh pyfvsOf;í
pmjzihf a&;om;xm;aom pDrHcsufrsm; &Sdjcif;
edrfhus = pDpOfrxm;yg/
ysrf;rQ = yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&; tpDtpOfrsm;&Sdaomfvnf; tokH;jyKEdkifjcif;r&Sdyg/
jrifhrm; = yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufaom tpDtpOfrsm;&SdNyD; vkyfief;aqmif&GufEdkifonf/
pDrHcsufwGif ta&;ay:tajctaersm;twGif; vlemrsm;udk
pm&if;jyKvkyfazmfjy&mü toHk;jyK&ef oD;jcm;owfrSwfxm;aom ykHpHrsm;
owfrSwfxm;jcif;
edrfhus = tpDtpOfr&Sdyg/ odkUr[kwf pm&Gufay:wGifom&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef; ay;NyD; jzpfonf/
jrifhrm; = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;tm;avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD;í
tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&eft&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; xm;&Sdonf/
trsm;jynfol? rD'D,mwdkUESifh qufoG,fajymqdk&eftwGuf
vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm; ½Sdjcif;
edrfhus = tpDtpOfr&Sdyg/ odkUr[kwf pm&Gufay:wGifom&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef; ay;NyD; jzpfonf/
jrifhrm; = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;tm;avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD;í
tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&eft&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; xm;&Sdonf/
naebuf? pae? we*FaEGaeU? tm;vyf&uf tqdkif;rsm;twGif; wkHUjyef&ef
vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;&Sdjcif;
edrfhus = tpDtpOfr&Sdyg/ odkUr[kwf pm&Gufay:wGifom&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef; ay;NyD; jzpfonf/
jrifhrm; = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;tm;avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD;í
tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&eft&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; xm;&Sdonf/
tprf;avhusihfjcif;rsm;ESifh toGifwlavhusihfjcif;rsm;
edrfhus = tpDtpOfr&Sdyg/ odkUr[kwf pm&Gufay:wGifom&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef; ay;NyD; jzpfonf/
jrifhrm; = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;tm;avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD;í
tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&eft&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; xm;&Sdonf/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 80 -
obm0ab;trsKd;rsKd; jzpfyGm;pOf aq;0g;ukorItwGuf
ta&;ay:tpDtpOfrsm;
taumiftxnfazmfrItqifh
edrfhus ysrf;rQ jrifhrm;
qlemrDa&vIdif;rsm;? rD;awmifaygufjcif;rsm;ESifh ajrNydKjcif;rsm;
edrfhus = tpDtpOfr&Sdyg/ odkUr[kwf pm&Gufay:wGifom&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef; ay;NyD; jzpfonf/
jrifhrm; = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;tm;avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD;í
tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&eft&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; xm;&Sdonf/
a&vTrf;rdk;jcif;ESihf rkefwdkif;rsm;wdkufcwfjcif;
edrfhus = tpDtpOfr&Sdyg/ odkUr[kwf pm&Gufay:wGifom&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef; ay;NyD; jzpfonf/
jrifhrm; = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;tm;avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD;í
tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&eft&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; xm;&Sdonf/
rD;avmifjcif;ESifh aygufuGJjcif;rsm;
edrfhus = tpDtpOfr&Sdyg/ odkUr[kwf pm&Gufay:wGifom&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef; ay;NyD; jzpfonf/
jrifhrm; = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;tm;avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD;í
tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&eft&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; xm;&Sdonf/
"mwkaA'ypönf; rawmfwqrIrsm;
edrfhus = tpDtpOfr&Sdyg/ odkUr[kwf pm&Gufay:wGifom&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef; ay;NyD; jzpfonf/
jrifhrm; = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;tm;avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD;í
tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&eft&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; xm;&Sdonf/
uyfa&m*gjzpfEkdifajc&Sdonfh a&m*gjzpfapaom ydk;rTm;rsm;
edrfhus = tpDtpOfr&Sdyg/ odkUr[kwf pm&Gufay:wGifom&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef; ay;NyD; jzpfonf/
jrifhrm; = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;tm;avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD;í
tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&eft&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; xm;&Sdonf/
vlemrsm;? rdom;pkrsm;? usef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;tm; pdwfvlrSKa&;ydkif;ukorI
edrfhus = tpDtpOfr&Sdyg/ odkUr[kwf pm&Gufay:wGifom&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef; ay;NyD; jzpfonf/
jrifhrm; = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;tm;avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD;í
tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&eft&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; xm;&Sdonf/
aq;½kHwifpOftwGif; a&m*gull;pufjcif;rsm;udk xdef;csKyfjcif;
edrfhus = tpDtpOfr&Sdyg/ odkUr[kwf pm&Gufay:wGifom&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef; ay;NyD; jzpfonf/
jrifhrm; = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;tm;avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD;í
tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&eft&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; xm;&Sdonf/
vkyfief;aqmif&Gufjcif;? BudKwifumuG,faom jyKjyif xdef;odrf;jcif;ESifh
ta&;ygaom 0efaqmifrSKrsm; rlv tajctae jyefvnfa&muf&Sda&;
aqmif½Gufjcif; pDrHcsufrsm;
&,ltoHk;jyKEdkifrItqifh
edrfhus ysrf;rQ jrifhrm;
vQyfppf"mwftm;ay;a0rIESihf t&ef *sifea&wmrsm; tokH;jyKykH
vufpGJpmtkyfrsm;
edrfhus = tpDtpOfr&Sdyg/ odkUr[kwf pm&Gufay:wGifom&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef; ay;NyD; jzpfonf/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 81 -
jrifhrm; = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;tm;avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD;í
tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&eft&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; xm;&Sdonf/
aomufa&jzefUa0ay;onfhpepftwGuf vufpGJpmtkyf
edrfhus = tpDtpOfr&Sdyg/ odkUr[kwf pm&Gufay:wGifom&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef; ay;NyD; jzpfonf/
jrifhrm; = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;tm;avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD;í
tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&eft&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; xm;&Sdonf/
avmifpm t&efxm;&SdrI vufpGJpmtkyf
edrfhus = tpDtpOfr&Sdyg/ odkUr[kwf pm&Gufay:wGifom&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef; ay;NyD; jzpfonf/
jrifhrm; = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;tm;avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD;í
tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&eft&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; xm;&Sdonf/
aq;0g;uko&mwGif tokH;jyKaom"mwfaiGUrsm;ay;a0a&; vufpGJpmtkyf
edrfhus = tpDtpOfr&Sdyg/ odkUr[kwf pm&Gufay:wGifom&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef; ay;NyD; jzpfonf/
jrifhrm; = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;tm;avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD;í
tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&eft&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; xm;&Sdonf/
ykHrSeftokH;jyKonfhqufoG,fa&;pepfrsm;ESifh t&ef qufoG,fa&; pepfrsm;
vufpGJpmtkyf
edrfhus = tpDtpOfr&Sdyg/ odkUr[kwf pm&Gufay:wGifom&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef; ay;NyD; jzpfonf/
jrifhrm; = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;tm;avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD;í
tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&eft&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; xm;&Sdonf/
a&qdk;pepfrsm; jyKjyifxdef;odrf;jcif;
edrfhus = tpDtpOfr&Sdyg/ odkUr[kwf pm&Gufay:wGifom&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef; ay;NyD; jzpfonf/
jrifhrm; = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;tm;avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD;í
tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&eft&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; xm;&Sdonf/
pGefUypfypönf;tpdkiftcJrsm; pDrHcefUcGJjcif;twGuf jyKjyif xdef;odrf;a&;
vufpGJpmtkyf
edrfhus = tpDtpOfr&Sdyg/ odkUr[kwf pm&Gufay:wGifom&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef; ay;NyD; jzpfonf/
jrifhrm; = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;tm;avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD;í
tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&eft&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; xm;&Sdonf/
rD;ab;BudKwifumuG,fa&;pepf xm;½Sdjcif;
edrfhus = tpDtpOfr&Sdyg/ odkUr[kwf pm&Gufay:wGifom&Sdonf/
ysrf;rQ = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;udk avhusihfoifwef; ay;NyD; jzpfonf/
jrifhrm; = tpDtpOf&SdNyD; 0efxrf;rsm;tm;avhusihfoifwef;ay;NyD;í
tpDtpOftwdkif; aqmif&Guf&eft&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; xm;&Sdonf/
aq;0g;rsm;? ypönf;rsm;? ud&d,mrsm;ESifh ta&;ay: tajctae wGif
tokH;jyK&ef tjcm;ypönf;ud&d,mrsm; &&SdEdkifrI
&,ltoHk;jyKEdkifrItqifh
edrfhus ysrf;rQ jrifhrm;
aq;0g;rsm;
edrfhus = r&Sdyg/
ysrf;rQ = (72)em&Dpmxuf avsmhenf;onf/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 82 -
jrifhrm; = tenf;qkH; (72) em&Dpm &Sdygonf/
aq;0g;ukorItwGufypönf;rsm;ESifhtjcm;ypönf;rsm; (ta&;ay:
tajctaewGif tokH;jyK&eftwGuf ydk;owfxm;aom ypönf;rsm;)
edrfhus = r&Sdyg/
ysrf;rQ = (72)em&Dpmxuf avsmhenf;onf/
jrifhrm; = tenf;qkH; (72) em&Dpm &Sdygonf/
ud&d,mrsm;
edrfhus = r&Sdyg/
ysrf;rQ = (72)em&Dpmxuf avsmhenf;onf/
jrifhrm; = tenf;qkH; (72) em&Dpm &Sdygonf/
aq;0g;uko&mwGiftokH;jyKaom"mwfaiGUrsm;
edrfhus = r&Sdyg/
ysrf;rQ = (72)em&Dpmxuf avsmhenf;onf/
jrifhrm; = tenf;qkH; (72) em&Dpm &Sdygonf/
aq;0g;uko&mwGif tokH;jyKaom vQyfppfypönf;rsm;
edrfhus = r&Sdyg/
ysrf;rQ = (72)em&Dpmxuf avsmhenf;onf/
jrifhrm; = tenf;qkH; (72) em&Dpm &Sdygonf/
ESvHk;ckefpuf? touf½SLpufponfh toufqufypönf;ud&d,mrsm;
edrfhus = r&Sdyg/
ysrf;rQ = (72)em&Dpmxuf avsmhenf;onf/
jrifhrm; = tenf;qkH; (72)em&Dpm &Sdygonf/
xdcdkuf'Pf&mtvdkuf OD;pm;ay;uko&mwGif toHk;jyK&ef uwfjym;rsm;ESifh
trsm;tjym;aoqkH;rIrsm;udk pDrHcefUcGJ&eftwGuf tjcm;ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;
edrfhus = r&Sdyg/
ysrf;rQ = (72)em&Dpmxuf avsmhenf;onf/
jrifhrm; = tenf;qkH; (72)em&Dpm &Sdygonf/
uyfa&m*gjzpfyGm; vmaomtcgwGif aq;½kH0efxrf;rsm;twGuf wpfOD;csif;
umuG,fapmifha&SmufrI ypönf;ud&d,mrsm; (wpfcgokH;)
edrfhus = r&Sdyg/
ysrf;rQ = (72)em&Dpmxuf avsmhenf;onf/
jrifhrm; = tenf;qkH; (72)em&Dpm &Sdygonf/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 83 -
ab;uif;vHkjcHKaom aq;½Hkjzpfapa&; pnf;½Hk;vHIUaqmf&mwGif tusdK;pD;yGm; yg0ifywfoufolrsm;ESifh
¤if;wdkU\ tcef;u@
tusKd;pD;yGm;
yg0ifywfoufolrsm; tcef;u@rsm;
tpdk;&rsm; OD;aqmifrItcef;u@rS yg0ifjcif;? trsKd;om;tqifh OD;pm;ay;tjzpf owfrSwfjcif;
aq;½kHrsm;ESifhusef;rma&;Xmersm;udk obm0ab;'Pf cHEdkif&nf&Sdapa&;
taxmuftuljyK&eftwGuf u@rsm;tm;vkH;ESifh tpdk;&tqifhrsm; tm;vkH;u
ulnDEdkif&ef rlabmifwpf&yfa&;qGJjcif;?
Oya'rsm;? txl;ojzifh aq;½kHrsm;udk tumtuG,fay;&eftwGuf taqmufttHk
aqmufvkyfa&;pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk a&;qGJ jy|mef;NyD; vdkufemap&ef
ta&;,laqmif&Gufjcif;?
ukvor*¾?
EdkifiHwumESifh
a'otqifh
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh
tpdk;&r[kwfaom
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;
&Sd&if;tzGJUtpnf;Xmeaygif;pkH\ tpDtrHrsm;ESifh r[mAsL[m rdwfzuf
aqmif&GufrIrsm;udk qufvuf wnfaqmufjcif;
tzGJUtpnf;\ vkyfief;aqmif&GufrItpDtpOf odkUr[kwf a'otqifh
tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif e,fy,ftrsm;tjym; yg0if&ef vdktyfonfh þudpö&yfudk
txift&Sm;aqG;aEG;jcif;
aumif;rGefaom vkyfenf;vkyf[efrsm;udk pkaqmif;NyD; rQa0ay;jcif;
usef;rma&;
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh
usef;rma&; 0efxrf;pk
obm0ab; avsmhyg;a&;twGuf trsKd;om;tqifhaqG;aEG;yGJ tzGJUrsm;wGif yg0ifjcif;
obm0ab; avsmhyg;a&; vIyf½Sm;aqmif&Gufjcif;
uRrf;usifrIrsm;ESifh todynmudk aemufqkH; tajctae jr§ifhwifay;&ef
tcGifhtvrf;rsm; &SmazGjcif;
aq;½kHrsm;ESifhusef;rma&;Xmersm;twGif;ESifhjyifywGif rD'D,mvkyfief;rsm;
aqmif&Gufjcif;
tvSL&Sif tokduft0ef; aq;½kHrsm;\ obm0ab;tEÅ&m,f uif;&Sif;a&; &nfrSef;csufyef;wdkif
atmifjrifap&ef tvSL&Sifrsm;\ &efykHaiGjzifhaqmif&Gufonfh zGHUNzdK;a&; pDrHcsufrsm;u
rnfuhJodkUtaxmuftuljyKEdkifrnfjzpfaMumif; pOf;pm;jcif;
pDrHcsufykHpHxkwfa&;qGJ&mü usef;rma&;u@wGif tEÅ&m,fusa&muf EdkifrI
avQmhcsa&;udk t"duvkyfief;tjzpfaqmif&GufEdkifrnfhenf;vrf;rsm; &SmazGjcif;
ydkrdk BuD;rm;aom obm0ab;ESihf zGHUNzdK;a&;vkyfief;\ wpfpdwfwpfa'o
tjzpf ]]aq;½kHrsm; obm0ab;rsm;rS tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;apa&;}} udk aqmif&Gufjcif;
aiGaMu;qdkif&m
tzGJUtpnf;rsm; usef;rma&;aqmufvkyfrI pDrHcsufrsm;tm;vkH;wGif tEÅ&m,fusa&mufEdkifrI
avQmhcsa&;tpDtrHrsm; aygif;pnf;xnhfoGif;yg0ifap&eftwGuf tqdkjyKjcif;
okawoeESifhavhvmcsufrsm;udk pD;yGm;a&;½IaxmifhrSaeí jr§ifhwifay;jcif;
taqmufttHkaqmufvkyfa&;pnf;rsOf;rsm;qdkif&m wnfqJOya'rsm;udk
vdkufemap&ef ta&;,laqmif&Gufa&; EdkifiHawmftpdk;&tm; aqmfMojcif;
wuúodkvfrsm;?
ausmif;rsm;ESifh ynm&Sif wuúodkvfESifhynm&Sifrsm;oifwef;\ oif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm;wGif aq;½kH
tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&; taxmuftuljyK oifcef;pmpkrsm; odkUr[kwf oif½dk;rsm;udk
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 84 -
toif;tzGJUrsm;
a&;qGJjcif;
&Sd&if;pmoifausmif;ESifh wuúodkvf oif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm;udk jyefvnfokH;oyfí
tajymif;tvJrsm; jyKvkyfjcif;
txl;jyKuRrf;usifrI pkpnf;xm;&Sd&m ae&mrsm;tjzpf aqmif&Gufay;jcif;
qef;opfwDxGifjcif;ESifh tjrihfqHk;enf;ynmoHk; 'DZdkif;rsm;udk tm;ay;jcif;
odyÜHESifh enf;ynm pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;? *sme,frsm;wGif aqmif;yg;rsm;
yg0ifa&;om;jcif;
trsKd;om;tqifh taqmufttHkaqmufvkyfonfh pHcsdefpHEIef;rsm; a&;qGJjcif;ESifh
tcsdefumvowfrSwfí ykHrSefjyefvnfokH;oyfjcif;udk taxmuftuljyKjcif;
&nfnTef;csuf - 2008-2009 World Disaster Reduction Campaign, Hospital Safe from Disasters. WHO.
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 85 -
EdkifiHwum taumif;qkH;vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;t& aq;½kH a&TUajymif;u,fq,fa&; pDrHcsufrsm;ESifh
vrf;nTefcsufrsm;
1/ &nf&G,fcsuf
a&TUajymif;u,fq,fjcif; - aq;uko&m ae&mxkdifcif;rSm vlemvufcHxm;&Sdavmufatmif ab;
tEÅ&m,f uif;&Sif;rI r&Sdaom (okdU) vlemrsm;ukd jyKpkukoa&;twGuf t[efUtwm; jzpfapvm aom
tajctaewkdUwGif vlemrsm;? 0efxrf;rsm;ESifh okdU {nfhonfrsm;ukd a&TUajymif;z,f&Sm;ay;jcif;
jzpfonf/
2/ rl0g' az:jycsuf
tykdif;vkduf a&TUajymif;u,fq,fjcif; - vlemrsm;tm; aq;½kHtwGif;üom ae&ma&TUajymif;
ay;jcif; jzpfonf/ xdkodkY a&TUajymif;u,fq,fjcif;wGif tqifhESpfqifhyg&Sdonf/
(1) tvsm;vkduf a&TUajymif;u,fq,fjcif; - vlema&TUajymif;rIukd rD;cHwHcg; (Fire Barrier
Door) rsm;\ wpfzufqDokdUom a&jyifnDtwkdif; a&TUajymif;ay;jcif; jzpfonf/
(2) a'gifvkduf a&TUajymif;u,fq,fjcif; – ab;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;&m aq;½Hk\ tjcm;
txyf wpfxyfqDokdU (okdU) taqmif\ jyifyqDokdU vlemrsm;tm; a&TUajymif;ay;jcif;
jzpfonf/
vrf;ravQmufEdkifaom vlemrsm;tm; o,faqmif&efavSum;rsm; vkdtyfjcif;? "gwfavSum;
rsm;ukd tokH;rjyKEdkifjcif;wkdUaMumifh xkda&TUajymif;u,fq,frIrsKd;rSm ykdrkd cufcJwwfygonf/
tjynfht0 a&TUajymif;u,fq,fjcif; - vlemrsm;tm; aq;½kH\ jyifyokdU (okdU) tjcm;
aq;½kHrsm; qDokdU (okdU) tjcm;oifhawmf&mae&mwkdUqDokdU a&TUajymif;ay;jcif; jzpfonf/
(1) aq;½kHwGif; rNidrfroufjzpfrIrsm;aMumifh ta&;ay:XmerS aq;zuftul
tapmifha&SmufcH vlemrsm;ukd a&TUajymif;ay;&rnf/
(2) tEÅ&m,f½kwfcsnf; MuD;rm;vmygu atmuftvTmrsm;odkY a&TUajymif;u,fq,fa&;rSm
tvG,fwul vQifjrefpGm aqmif&GufEdkifojzifh taqmuftODwpfckvkH; a&TUajymif;
u,fq,frIukd txufrS atmuftpDtpOftwkdif;om aqmif&Gufoifhonf/
3/ wm0ef0wÅ&m;rsm;
a&TUajymif;u,fq,fa&;twGuf vkyfykdifcGifh jy|mef;jcif;
(u) y&0kPfwpfckvkH; (okdY) tykdif;vkdufa&TUajymif;u,fq,f&eftwGuf cGifhjyKcsufukd
o jynfolU ab;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&; t&m&Sd (rD;owf^ &JXme)
o trIaqmift&m&SdcsKyf (okdU) tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;wkdUrS zkef;jzifh
o olemjyK MuD;Muyfa&;rSL;wkdUrS csrSwfEdkifonf/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 86 -
(c) ab;uif;vHkjcHKrIr&Sdaom okdUr[kwf xdckdufysufpD;aeaom{&d,mrS a&TUajymif;
u,fq,f&ef qkH;jzwfcsufrSm atmufygowif;tcsuftvufrsm;tay:wGif tajcjyK
&rnf/
o taqmif\ taqmufttHkESifh twGif;ypönf;rsm;tay: tif*sifeD,mXme
\ tuJjzwfokH;oyfcsuf
o vkHavmufaom vlemjyKpkapmifha&SmufrIvkyfief; qufvufvkyfaqmifEdkifjcif; &Sd-
r&Sd tay: aq;zuf0efxrf;^ olemjyKXmewkdU\ ,lqqkH;jzwfcsuf
o a&TUajymif;cHyk*¾Kdvfrsm;twGuf oif a&G;jc,fvkdufonfh{&d,mrSm oif xGufcGmrnfh
{&d,mxuf ykdrkdab;uif;aMumif; aocsmrSom a&TUajymif;u,fq,fjcif;udk
BuKd;yrf;oifhonf/
a&TUajymif;u,fq,frItwGuf qufoG,fa&;
(u) ,cka&TUajymif;u,fq,fa&;pDrHcsufonf jzpf&yfwpfpkHwpfckaMumifh aq;½kHwGif;
BuD;rm;aom ab;tEÅ&m,fMuD; MuKHawGU&onfhtcg[laom ,lqcsufay:wGif
tajcjyKxm;onf/
4/ vkyfief;pOftqifhqifh
(u) taxGaxGvrf;nTefcsufrsm; -
(1) tEÅ&m,ftvm;tvm trsm;qkH; {&d,mrsm;ukd OD;pGma&TUajymif;u,fq,fyg/
(tEÅ&m,fESifh teD;uyfqkH; okdUr[kwf xGufaygufESifh ta0;uGmqkH;ae&m
rsm;)/
(2) teD;uyfqkH; (okdU) ab;tuif;qkH; oifhavsmf&m xGufaygufukd tokH;jyKyg/
a&TUajymif;u,fq,fa&;onf atmufygtpOftwkdif; jzpfoifhonf/
(u) vwfwavmtEÅ&m,fESifh &ifqkdifae&onfh vlemrsm;
(c) vrf;avQmufEdkifaom vlemrsm;
(*) vrf;tenf;i,favQmufEdkifaom vlemrsm;
(C) vrf;ravQmufEdkifaom vlemrsm;
(3) wHcg;ayguftm;vkH;ukd ydwfyg/ tcsdef&ygu atmufpD*sif? a&? rD;? *wfpf
wkdYukd ydwfyg/
(4) rD;avmifaepOftwGif; (okdU) ivsifvIyfjyD;csdefwkdUrSty “ "gwfavSum;rsm;ukd
tokH;jyKaumif; jyKEdkifygonf/
(c) aq;½kHta&;ay:tajctae uGyfuJa&;tzGJU zGJUpnf;ykH (Hospital Emergency
Incident Command Structure)
(1) ta&;ay:tajctaeuGyfuJa&;tzGJU (uGyfuJa&;A[kd^ ta&;ay:vkyfief;
aqmif&GufrIXme)
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 87 -
&EdkiforQ owif;tcsuftvuftm;vkH;ukd tuJjzwfokH;oyfjyD; XmecGJrSL;rsm;
\ yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIESifh a&TUajymif;u,fq,fa&;Z,m; (Evacuation Schedule)
rsm;ukd a&;qGJyg/ yg0ifoifhonfh owif;tcsuftvufwkdUrSm -
1/ tif*sifeD,m^ xdckdufysufpD;rI cefUrSef;a&;ESifh xdef;csKyfa&;t&m&SdwkdUxHrS
taqmuftODqkdif&m? taqmuftODrStyqdkif&m? toHk;taqmifypönf;
qkdif&m tuJjzwfokH;oyfcsufrsm;
2/ pDrHcsufa&;qGJa&; XmecGJrSL;xHrS vlemtajctae tpD&ifcHpmrsm;
3/ vltiftm;tqifhtaetxm;wkdUukd tuJjzwfokH;oyfjyD; 0efxrf;qifhac:a&;
tpDtrHrsm; vufawGUvkyfaqmifEdkif&ef vkdtyfovkd vkyfykdifcGifhay;tyfjcif;
ab;tEÅ&m,frSa&TUajymif;u,fq,fa&;Z,m; (Evacuation Schedule) rsm;ukd -
1/ pDrHcsufa&;qGJa&; XmecGJrSL; (Planning Section Chief)
2/ qufoG,fa&;t&m&Sd (Liaison Officer)
3/ ab;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&;ESifh vkHjcKHa&;t&m&Sd (Safety and Security Officer)
4/ axmufyhHa&;rSL; (Logistics Chief)
5/ vkyfief;aqmif&Gufa&;rSL; (Operation Chief) wkdUxHokdU ay;ykdUxm;yg/
(2) qufoG,fa&;t&m&Sd (Liaison Officer)
jynfolrsm;ab;uif;vHkjcHKa&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;? usef;rma&;XmeESifh
ta&;ay:vlemwif,mOfvkyfief;rsm;\ qufoG,f&rnfh tcsuftvufwdkYudk
xdefodrf;xm;&ef
aq;½kHa½TUajymif;u,fq,fa&;rSwfwrf;rsm; (Hospital Evacuation Worksheet)
ukd jznfhoGif;&ef
(3) axmufyhHa&;rSL; (Logistics Chief)
0efxrf;rsm;xJrS a&TUajymif;u,fq,fa&;tzGJUi,frsm; (Evacuation Team)
zGJUpnf;&eftwGuf ykdUaqmifa&;t&m&Sd (Transportation Officer) tm;
wm0efay;tyf&ef
xkdpDrHcsufrsm;ukd pDrHcsufa&;qGJa&;XmecGJrSL; (Planning Section Chief) tm;
today;&ef
(4) ykdUaqmifa&;t&m&Sd (Transportation Officer)
0efxrf;rsm;xJrS a&TUajymif;u,fq,fa&;tzGJUi,frsm;ukd zGJUpnf;&ef
y&0kPfjyify vlemo,f,lykdUaqmifa&;u@ukd aocsmatmifaqmif&Guf&ef
o,f,lykdUaqmifa&;pDrHcsufukd aocsmpGm taumiftxnf az:aqmif&ef
jzpfEdkifygu? txyfwpfxyfpDtwGuf a&TUajymif;u,fq,fa&; vltiftm;
ajcmufOD;pD wm0efcsxm;&ef
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 88 -
tzGJU0ifrsm;ukd a&TUajymif;u,fq,fa&;enf;vrf;rsm;taMumif; &Sif;jy&ef
(yl;wGJyg)
o,f,lykdUaqmifa&; tokH;taqmifrsm;ukd pDpOfxm;&Sd&ef (a&TUajymif;
u,fq,f&mwGif tokH;jyK&ef bD;wyfukvm;xkdifrsm;? vlemwGef; ukwifrsm;
ponf)
a&TUajymif;u,fq,frnfh txyfvTmtm; owif;ykdUNyD; a&TUajymif;u,fq,frI
ukd BuD;Muyf&ef
a&TUajymif;rnfh OD;pm;ay;vlemtpDtpOfESifh a&TUajymif;rnfhenf;vrf;wkdUukd
olemjyKrefae*sm^ wm0efcHolemjyKwkdUtm; owif;ykdU&ef
(5) olemjyKt&m&Sd (Nursing Service Officer)
pkd;&drf&aom? tenf;i,f pkd;&drf&aomvlemrsm;ESifh vrf;avQmuf a&TUajymif;
&rnfh vlemrsm;twGuf ,m,Da&TUajymif;{&d,m (Evacuation Holding Area)
wkdUukd owfrSwf&ef
,m,Da&TUajymif;{&d,mwkdUtm; aq;0g;ukorIvkdtyfcsuf? orm;awmfrsm;
ppfaq;rSI vkdtyfcsufwkdUESifhtnD jyifqif&ef
a&GUajymif;u,fq,fa&;Z,m;pOftm; olemjyKrefae*smrsm;xH jzefUa0&ef
olemjyKrefae*smrsm;^ wm0efcHolemjyKrsm;rS a&TUajymif;u,fq,fa&;
vkyfief;pOftqifhqifhukd vkyfaqmifcJhjcif; &Sdr&Sdukd pkHprf;twnfjyK&ef
ajymif;a&TUrdefU (Transfer Order) wkdUtwGuf orm;awmfrsm;tm; owday;
EId;aqmf&ef aq;buf0efxrf;t&m&Sdukd awmif;qkd&ef
,m,Da&TUajymif;{&d,m qufoG,fa&;rSL;rsm;ESifh xkd{&d,mrsm;twGuf
vkHavmufaom olemjyK ta&twGufwkdUukd wm0efcsxm;ay;&ef
vlemrsm;ukd a&TUajymif;csxm;ay;&ef BudKwifpm&if;jyKpkxm;onfh aq;½kHrsm;?
t&efapmifha&Smufa&;vkyfief;rsm;? pmoifausmif;rsm; ponfwkdUESifh
qufoG,f&ef/ jyefMum;csufwkdUukd pDrHcsufa&;qGJa&; XmecGJrSL;xH ay;ykdU&ef
(6) aq;buf0efxrf;t&m&Sd (Medical Staff Officer)
orm;awmfMuD;rsm;ukd vlemajymif;a&TUrdefUtwGuf owday;EId;aqmf&ef
olemjyKt&m&Sdukd vkdtyfovkd ulnD&ef
(7) olemjyKrefae*smrsm;^ wm0efcHolemjyKrsm; (Nursing Managers/ Charge
Nurses)
vlemtajctaetm; okH;oyfqkH;jzwfyg/ tajctaeay:rlwnfjyD; vlemtm;
a&TUajymif;u,fq,f&rnf/
atmufyg tajccHtcsuftvufrsm;t& vlemtajctaeukd ¤if;\vlem
rSwfwrf;wGif BuD;rm;aom pwpfumjzifh az:jyay;&rnf/
1/ pkd;&drf&efr&Sd vrf;avQmufEkdif/
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 89 -
2/ pkd;&drf&efr&Sd vrf;ravQmufEkdif/
3/ pkd;&drf&ef&Sd av0ifavxGuf (okdU) txl;u&d,mrsm; vkdtyfonf/
vlemtajctaetm; olemjyKt&m&SdxH owif;ykdUyg/
vlemapmifha&SmufrItwGuf olemjyKrsm;tm; twdtus wm0efowfrSwf
ay;yg/
a&TYUajymif;rnfh vlemwkdUukd jyifqifay;&ef olemjyKESpfOD;tm; wm0efay;tyf
yg/ vlem\ukd,fykdif ypönf;ypö,rsm;ukd tdwfwpfvkH;jzifhxnfhum vlem
trnf? vlemtrSwfpOf? rSD0Jonfhaq;0g;? cEmukd,f tpm;xkd;tpdwftykdif;
rsm;ESifh vlemtwGuf txl;vkdtyfonfht&mrsm;ukd tdwfab;wGif pmwef;xkd;
ay;yg/
vlemESifhtwl &Sdae&rnfh vlem\rSwffwrf;wGif KARDEX ESifh Addressograph
wkdUukd wdyfjzifh uyfay;yg/
a&TUajymif;u,fq,frnfh vlemrsm;\ wnfae&mukd pOf;pm;qkH;jzwfjyD;vQif
ab;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;aom xGufaygufwpfckukd a&G;jc,fowfrSwfyg/
atmufygwkdU tygt0if a&TUajymif;u,fq,frIqkdif&m tcsuftvufrsm;ukd
rSwfwrf;wif&ef wpfpkHwpfOD;tm; wm0efay;tyfyg/
- a&TUajymif;u,fq,fonfhtcsdef
- a&TUajymif;u,fq,fonfhenf;vrf;
- vlemtrnf
- a&TUajymif;u,fq,frItqifhowfrSwfcsuf (at? bD? pD)
- rnfonfhtcef;rS rnfonfh{&d,mokdUa&GUajymif;aMumif;
a&TUajymif;u,fq,fa&;qkdif&m pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;ESifh vlem\taetxm;
wkdUukd vlemrSwfwrf;vkduf0efxrf; (Patient Tracking Coordinator) (okdU)
vlemowif;tcsuftvufqdkif&mrefae*sm (Patient Info. Manager) xHokdU
ay;ykdUyg/
(8) vlemowif;tcsuftvufqkdif&mrefae*sm (Patient Information Manager)
vlem\ owif;tcsuftvufwkdUukd ppfaq;rIrSwfwrf; (Inquiry Sheet)
rsm;wGif pkaygif;jznfhoGif;yg/
(9) ESvkH;ESifh tqkwfqkdif&m refae*sm (Cardiopulmonary Service Manager)
vkdtyfonfhvlemrsm; av0ifavxGuf&&Sda&;twGuf 0efxrf;wpfOD;tm;
wm0efay;tyfyg/
tokH;jyKEdkifrnfh zdtm;ay; touf&Iu&d,mrsm;^ touf½SLrsufESmzkH;rsm;ukd
avhvmrSwfom; xm;yg/
(10) ab;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&;ESifh vkHjcKHa&;qkdif&m t&m&Sd (Safety and Security
Officer)
jrefrmEkdifiH aus;vufa'orsm;twGuf usef;rma&;u@wGifobm0ab;aMumifh qHk;&IH;Edkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk
xnfhoGif;aygif;pyf aqmif½Gufa&;vrf;ñTef
- 90 -
jzpfEdkifygu? toGm;tvmxdef;csKyfa&;^ab;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&;wkdUtwGuf
a&TUajymif;u,fq,frnfh {&d,mwpfckcsif;pDwGif vkHjcKHa&;wm0efcHwpfOD;pD
csxm;yg/
tajctaet& vkdtyfovkd atmufpD*sif? vQyfppfrD;ponfwkdUukd ydwfay;yg/
a&TUajymif;u,fq,frI tjynfht0 jyD;qkH;jcif; &Sd-r&SdESifh vlem (okdU) 0efxrf;
wpfpkHwpfOD; usef&pfcJhjcif; &Sd-r&Sd ppfaq;yg/
a&TUajymif;u,fq,frI NyD;qkH;oGm;vQif a&TUajymif;onfh {&d,m\ yifr
xGufayguf^ 0ifaygufwGif a&TUajymif;u,fq,fcsdef” (aeUpGJ^ tcsdef) wkdUukd
a&;xkd;ay;yg/
(11) ud&d,mtokH;taqmifpDpOfa&; t&m&Sd (Facilities Operation Officer)
a&TUajymif;u,fq,faepOf taqmuftODab;tEÅ&m,fuif;&Sif;a&;twGuf
vkdtyfonfhud&d,m^ axmufykdUypönf;wkdUukd &,lxm;yg/
vkdtyfvQif? a&TUajymif;u,fq,fvmaom vlemwkdUxm;&Sd&m {&d,mrsm;wGif
okH;pGJ&ef a&TUajymif; tdrfomESifh tumt&HwkdUukd &,lxm;yg/
(12) 0efxrf;qkdif&m t&m&Sd (Labor Pool Officer)
ta&;ay:jzpf&yftwGuf rlvuwm0efay;tyfxm;jcif;r&Sdonfh tif*sifeD,m?
aq;&kHwGif;xdef;odrf;a&;? vkHkNcKHa&; ponfhXmewkdUrS &SdorQ 0efxrf;tm;vkH;
onfvnf; vlemrsm; a&TUajymif;a&;wGif ulnD&rnf/
(t&if;tjrpf - aq;½kHta&;ay:tajctae jyifqifrIpDrHcsufa&;qGJa&; vrf;nTefcsuf? UNDP ? tdEd,)