GSPIA Health GSPIA Health PolicyPolicySeminarSeminarSeminar OneSeminar One

Dr. Louis A. PicardProfessor of Public and International Affairsand African StudiesGraduate School of Public and International AffairsUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA 15260USA

Readings for Seminar-1Readings for Seminar-1

Paul Theroux, “Tarzan is an Paul Theroux, “Tarzan is an Expatriate”Expatriate”

Laurie Garrett, “The Challenge of Laurie Garrett, “The Challenge of Global Health”Global Health”

Readings for Seminar-2Readings for Seminar-2

William Easterly, William Easterly, The White Man’s The White Man’s BurdenBurden, esp. Chapters 1-3, esp. Chapters 1-3

Paul Collier, Paul Collier, The Bottom BillionThe Bottom Billion, esp. , esp. Chapters 1-5Chapters 1-5

Readings for Seminar-3Readings for Seminar-3

Supplementary ReadingSupplementary Reading

Daniel Bergner, Daniel Bergner, In the Land of Magic In the Land of Magic SoldiersSoldiers (Picador, 2003) (Picador, 2003)

John le Carre, John le Carre, The Constant GardenerThe Constant Gardener (Scribner, 2005)(Scribner, 2005)

Readings of Seminar-4Readings of Seminar-4

Supplemental ReadingSupplemental Reading

Peter Godwin, Peter Godwin, Mukiwa: A White Boy in Mukiwa: A White Boy in AfricaAfrica (Grove Press, 2004) (Grove Press, 2004)

Aminatta Forna, Aminatta Forna, The Devil that Danced The Devil that Danced on the Wateron the Water (Atlantic Monthly, 2002) (Atlantic Monthly, 2002)

Overview of Picard ThesisOverview of Picard Thesis

Social Development must focus on the Social Development must focus on the Bottom BillionBottom Billion

Over 70% of the Bottom Billion are located Over 70% of the Bottom Billion are located in Africain Africa

Overview of Thesis-2Overview of Thesis-2

U.S. Foreign Policy will center on U.S. Foreign Policy will center on Africa more than the Middle East in Africa more than the Middle East in the next Decadethe next Decade

If you are concerned about Social If you are concerned about Social Development (Health and Education), Development (Health and Education), U.S. Foreign Policy will Define your U.S. Foreign Policy will Define your Working EnvironmentWorking Environment

Foreign Aid-Seminar Foreign Aid-Seminar ObjectivesObjectives

Seminar One ObjectivesSeminar One Objectives

Examine Contemporary DebatesExamine Contemporary Debates

Review Health and Social Policy IssuesReview Health and Social Policy Issues

Debate the Role of External “Experts”Debate the Role of External “Experts”

Key Theme: Poverty and Key Theme: Poverty and HealthHealth

Original Foreign Aid Focus: Economic Original Foreign Aid Focus: Economic DevelopmentDevelopment

Ultimately, as a number of economists have Ultimately, as a number of economists have noted, “universal models of growth [did] noted, “universal models of growth [did] not work well.” not work well.”

Quote David Sogge, Quote David Sogge, Give and Take: What’s Give and Take: What’s the Matter with Foreign Aid?the Matter with Foreign Aid? (London: Zed (London: Zed Books, 2002), p. 8.Books, 2002), p. 8.

Twenty First Century Twenty First Century ConcernsConcerns

Social DevelopmentSocial Development

EducationEducation

Health SystemsHealth Systems

GovernanceGovernance

Foreign Policy Foreign Policy MotivationsMotivations

1.1. Foreign Aid is an Extension of Foreign Aid is an Extension of Foreign and Security PolicyForeign and Security Policy

2.2. In the bridge between security and In the bridge between security and foreign aid, there is a foreign aid, there is a disproportion disproportion of powerof power between LDC states and between LDC states and Western, and especially American Western, and especially American PowerPower

Motivations, TwoMotivations, Two

3.There is often very little public 3.There is often very little public recognition to the commercial needs recognition to the commercial needs met by foreign aidmet by foreign aid

4. Ultimately foreign aid organizations, 4. Ultimately foreign aid organizations, like their counterparts in other areas like their counterparts in other areas of contracting, are in a struggle to of contracting, are in a struggle to capture influence and retain resources capture influence and retain resources

Motivations, ThreeMotivations, Three

5.5. It is also said that part of the motivation It is also said that part of the motivation for foreign aid has been for foreign aid has been ethical and ethical and humanitarianhumanitarian in nature. in nature.

6. Policy makers in more developed 6. Policy makers in more developed countries, and especially in the United countries, and especially in the United States, have tended to see their action in States, have tended to see their action in terms of the their terms of the their generosity and to justify generosity and to justify the use of force and unilateral action in the use of force and unilateral action in order to meet ideological and order to meet ideological and developmental goalsdevelopmental goals..

U.S. Policy Post Sept. 11U.S. Policy Post Sept. 11

Debate between Unilateralism and Debate between Unilateralism and MultilateralismMultilateralism

Triangulation:Triangulation: “Three Ds”- Defense, “Three Ds”- Defense, Diplomacy and DevelopmentDiplomacy and Development

““Hearts and Minds”Hearts and Minds”

Sub-ThemesSub-Themes

Armed Health and Social WorkerArmed Health and Social Worker

““Whole of Government” approachWhole of Government” approach

DOD/State Department/USAIDDOD/State Department/USAID

““Staying in your Lane,” and “Stove-piping”- Staying in your Lane,” and “Stove-piping”- Defending Turf through DepartmentalismDefending Turf through Departmentalism

Whole of Government-1Whole of Government-1

Focus on Humanitarian ResponsesFocus on Humanitarian Responses

Health Crisis- especially HIV/AIDsHealth Crisis- especially HIV/AIDs

Joint Civilian/Military Reconstruction Joint Civilian/Military Reconstruction TeamsTeams

Test of Whole of Test of Whole of Government- AFRICOMGovernment- AFRICOM

Mixture of Military: Counter-Terrorism, Mixture of Military: Counter-Terrorism, Energy, and Concern about ChinaEnergy, and Concern about China

Non-Military Response: Health Crisis Non-Military Response: Health Crisis (AIDs), Fragile States, and Support for (AIDs), Fragile States, and Support for Democratic GovernanceDemocratic Governance

Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

The Chicken or Egg Question: The Chicken or Egg Question: Economic Development vs. Social Economic Development vs. Social Development (HRD)Development (HRD)

Commercialism vs. Ethicalism- The Commercialism vs. Ethicalism- The Cases of Testing, Medicine and Cases of Testing, Medicine and Changes of Behavior (eg. Abstinence)Changes of Behavior (eg. Abstinence)

The Role of U.S. Foreign The Role of U.S. Foreign Policy: AssessmentPolicy: Assessment

Assessment of UnilateralismAssessment of Unilateralism

The Legitimacy of TriangulationThe Legitimacy of Triangulation

Debate:Debate:

The Expatriate is Still TarzanThe Expatriate is Still Tarzan

Group One: YesGroup One: Yes

Group Two: NoGroup Two: No

(Fifteen Minutes Prep.)(Fifteen Minutes Prep.)