GSM

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Overview of the GSM for Cellular SystemOverview of the GSM for Cellular System

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GSM OverviewGSM Overview

AGENDA

• Background and Fundamentals• System Architecture Overview• Mobility Management

• Radio Resource Management• Communication Management

• Roaming

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Mobile devicesMobile devices

performanceperformance

Pager• receive only• tiny displays• simple text messages

Mobile phones• voice, data• simple graphical displays

PDA• simpler graphical displays• character recognition• simplified WWW

Palmtop• tiny keyboard• simple versions of standard applications

Sensors,embeddedcontrollers

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Background and FundamentalsBackground and Fundamentals

• Integrated European System with International Roaming• Increase available cellular radio capacity

Why ?

• Take advantage of digital price/performance• Accommodate new technology and services

What ?GSM: Global System for Mobile CommunicationsFormerly: Group Special Mobile

When ?• 1982: GSM created to set standard• 1988: Industrial development started• 1991: First Systems Deployed

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Evolution of Cellular NetworksEvolution of Cellular Networks

1G 2G 3G 4G2.5G

Analog Digital

Circuit-switching Packet-switching

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Some basic terms….

Frequency

Frequency allocation

Bandwidth

Channel

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System Architecture OverviewSystem Architecture Overview

Functional Architecture broadly divided into 4 parts:Mobile Station (MS).Base Station Subsystem (BSS).Network Switching Subsystem (NSS).Operation and Support Subsystem (OSS)

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System Architecture Overview-PLMNSystem Architecture Overview-PLMNMobile-services Switching Center (MSC)

Home Location Register (HLR)

Visitor Location Register (VLR)

Equipment Identity Register (EIR)

Authentication Center (AUC)

Base Station System (BSS)Base Transceiver Station (BTS)Base Station Controller (BSC).

Mobile Station (MS)

Operation and Maintenance Center (OMC)

Other Network Elements.

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GSM 1

Overview of the GSM System Overview of the GSM System

The GSM system is made up of sub-networks called: Public Land Mobile Network's (PLMN). Each member country has one or more PLMN depending on its size.

HLR

HLR EIR

MSCarea

MSCarea

MSCarea

MSCarea

MSCarea

EIR

HLR

HLR EIR

MSCarea

MSCarea

MSCarea

MSCarea

MSCarea

EIR

HLR

HLR EIR

MSCarea

MSCarea

MSCarea

MSCarea

MSCarea

EIR

HLR

HLR EIR

MSCarea

MSCarea

MSCarea

MSCarea

MSCarea

EIR

PLMN

PLMN

PLMN

PLMN

GSM

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System Architecture OverviewSystem Architecture Overview

Network Sub-system (NSS)MSC: Mobile Switching CentreHLR: Home Locatio RegisterVLR: Visitor Location RegisterAuC: Authentication CentreEIR: Equipment Identity Register

AMSC/VLR HLR A

uCEI

R

MSCsMS

BTS BSC

Um Abis

Base Station Sub-system (BSS)MS: Mobile StationBTS: Base Transmitter StationBSC: Base Station ControllerSIM: Subscriber Identity Module

SIM

BS

VAS

BS: Billing SystemOMC: Operation and Maintenance CentrePSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network

OMC

PSTN

PABX

Value Added Services (VAS)SCP: Service Control PointSMSC: Short Message Service CentreVMS: Voice Mail System

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MS and SIM OverviewMS and SIM Overview

The Mobile Station (MS) enables generic radio and processing functionsto access the network through the radio interface.Each MS has a unique IMEI (Identity Mobile Equipment Identity)

The Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) is basically a smart card, followingISO standards, containing all the subscriber-related information stored onthe user’s side of the radio interface. The SIM stores the IMSI(International Mobile Sub. Identity)

SIM

MS

IMSI IMEI

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IMSI OverviewIMSI Overview

What is an IMSI ?

MCC MNC MSINMobile Subscriber Identification NumberMobile Country Code Mobile Network Code

3 Digits 2 Digits

15 Digits or Less

Example: WB Aircel: 404 17 1130110275

The International Mobile Subscriber Identity consists of three parts The MCC identifying a country The MNC identifying a PLMN within this country The MSIN identifying a subscriber within the PLMNThe IMSI is only used for IMSI attach procedure and for GT Translation

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IMEI OverviewIMEI Overview

TAC ( 6 digit )

Example: write *#06#

The Identity Mobile Equipment Identity consists of three partsThe TAC is given by the GSM bodyThe FAC is given by the MfgThe SNR is the serial no.SVN is software version.

FAC ( 2 digit ) SNR ( 6 digit ) SVN ( 2-3 digit )

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MSISDN OverviewMSISDN Overview

What is an MSISDN ?

CC NDC Subscriber NumberCountry Code Network Destination Code

Example: WB Aircel: 91 985 1012345

The Mobile Station ISDN consists of three parts The CC identifying a country The NDC identifying a PLMN within this country The Subscriber NumberThe MSISDN is your Mobile phone Number but it is worth noting thatMSC and HLR have also MSISDN (In that case it is called Global Title)

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BTS OverviewBTS Overview

A BTS comprises radio transmission and reception devices (including) antennas) and also all the signal processing specific to the radio interface.A BTS can be considered as complex radio modems.A BTS is virtually connected to the MS (Air interface) on one side and to the BSC on the other side.In general a BTS is represented with three cells. Each cell can have more than one TRX (i.e. Antennas).

BTSBSC

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BSC OverviewBSC Overview

A BSC is in charge of all the radio interface management through the remote command of the BTS and the MS, mainly the allocation and release of radio channels and the handover management.A BSC is connected on one side to the MSC and on the other side to several BTSs.

BSC MSC/VLR

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MSC/VLR OverviewMSC/VLR Overview

BSC MSC/VLR

HLR

PSTN

A MSC co-ordinates the setting-up of calls to and from GSM users.

A VLR is a database in charge of temporarily storing subscription data (IMSI,MSISDN, LAC @, TMSI) for subscribers currently situated in the service area of the corresponding MSC.

The MSC/VLR has interfaces with the BSC on one side and externalnetworks on the other side.

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HLR OverviewHLR Overview

MSC/VLR

HLR

A HLR is a database holding subscriber information relevant to the provision of telecommunications services as well as some informationrelated to the current location of the subscriber (IMSI, MSISDN, VLR @).In general an EIR (a functional subdivision of the HLR and enabling to verify the status of a MS) and an AuC (another functional subdivisionof the HLR and enabling to authenticate a subscriber) complete the HLRArchitecture.An HLR is located independently of the actual location of the subscriber

ProvisioningCentre

Customer Care

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Visitor Location Registers (VLR)Temporary database which updates whenever new MS enters its area, by HLR databaseControls those mobiles roaming in its area Reduces number of queries to HLR Database contains IMSI,TMSI,MSISDN,MSRN,Location Area,authentication key

VLR OverviewVLR Overview

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Transmission

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Air Interface Frequency allocation

Radio Channel

DOWNLINK935 - 960 MHz1805-1880 MHz

UPLINK890-915 MHz1710-1785 MHz

Air Interface

Cell SiteMobile

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GSM Concepts - Transmission DirectionGSM Concepts - Transmission Direction

Uplink Transmission Transmission from Mobile to Radio Terminal

Down Link Transmission Transmission from Radio Terminal to Mobile Uplink and Downlink channels separated by 45 MHz

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890.0 890.2 890.4 914.8 915.0

935.0 935.2 935.4 959.8 960.0

UP

DOWN

GSM Concepts - GSM Frequency bandGSM Concepts - GSM Frequency band

GSM 900 Uplink 890 MHz to 915 MHz Down Link 935 MHz to 960 MHz 25 MHz divided into 125 channels of 200 KHz bandwidth

GSM 1800

Up link : 1710MHz - 1785 MHz Down link : 1805 MHz - 1880 MHz

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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

4.616 ms

0.577 ms

GSM Concepts - Access TechniquesGSM Concepts - Access Techniques

Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) Each carrier frequency subdivided in time domain into 8 time slots Each mobile transmits data in a frequency, in its particular time slot –

Burst period = 0.577 milli secs. 8 time slots called a TDMA frame. Period is .577 * 8 = 4.616 milli secs

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 ……..

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Channel

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Logical channels

On every physical channel, a number of logical channels are mapped. Each logical channel is used for a specific purpose.

11 Logical Channels in the GSM system:2 are used for Traffic9 are used for Control Signaling

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A. Traffic channels (TCH)i. Full Rate Channelii. Half Rate Channel

B. Control Channels (with horrible abbreviations!)

1. Broadcast Channels (BCH)i. Frequency Correction Channel (FCCH)ii. Synchronization Channel (SCH)iii. Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)

2. Common Control Channels (CCCH)i. Paging Channel (PCH)ii. Random Access Channel (RACH)iii. Access Grant Channel (AGCH)

3. Dedicated Control Channels (DCCH)i. Stand alone Dedicated Control Channel (SDCCH)ii. Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCH)iii. Fast Associated Control Channel (FACCH)

Logical channels

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1. FCCH (FREQUENCY CORRECTION CHANNEL)

To tell the Mobile that this is the BCCH carrier To able the Mobile to synchronize to the frequency (Downlink only)

2. SCH ( SYNCHRONISATION CHANNEL)

Used for sending BSIC (Base station Identity Code) Give TDMA frame number to the Mobile. (Downlink only)

3. BCCH ( BROADCAST CONTROL CHANNEL)

Used for sending information to the mobile like CGI (Cell Global identity), LAI (Location Area Identity), BCCH carriers of the neighboring cells, maximum output power allowed in the cell and other broadcast messages like barred cell. (Downlink only)

Broadcast Channels

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1. PCH ( PAGING CHANNEL)

Used for paging the Mobile. (Downlink only) Reason could be an incoming call or an incoming Short Message. 2. RACH ( RANDOM ACCESS CHANNEL)

Used for responding to the paging (terminating), Location updating or to make call access (originating) by asking for a signaling channel.(Uplink only)

3. AGCH ( ACCESS GRANT CHANNEL)

Used to allocate SDCCH to the mobile. (Downlink only)

Common control channels

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1. SDCCH ( STAND ALONE DEDICATED CONTROL CHANNEL)

Used for allocating voice channel (TCH) to the mobile (call setup) and Location updating.

Send Short Text message to Idle Mobile (Uplink & Downlink)

2. SACCH ( SLOW ASSOCIATED CONTROL CHANNEL) Used for sending information to the mobile like CGI (Cell Global identity), LAI

(Location Area Identity), BCCH of all the neighbors and TA (Timing Advance) Send Short Text message to Busy Mobile (Downlink) Used for sending signal strength & bit error rate measurement of the serving cell and

signal strength of the BCCHs of the neighboring Cells.(Uplink)

3. FACCH ( FAST ASSOCIATED CONTROL CHANNEL) Used for handover. (Uplink & Downlink)

Dedicated control channels

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A. There will be a Location updation in VLR if MS moves from a Cell of LA 1 to another cell of LA2

B. There will not be any Location updation in VLR if MS moves from one Cell to another Cell of the same LA.

C. For an in roaming customer VLR will update all the customers information from HLR of the roaming customers network.

D. If a MS moves in active mode from a LA to another LA , location updation will take place after the call gets over.

Identify the Wrong statements

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Traffic Management

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Basic Service of Telephone NetworksConnect two people (set-up and maintain the call)

Mobility ManagementMobility Management

Involved Tasks:

Identify the called person

Determine his location

Route the call to him

Sustain the connection until conversation is over.

Charge the caller

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Mobility ManagementMobility Management

The mobility of users in a cellular system is the source of major differences with fixed telephony, in particular for incoming calls.

A Network can route a call towards a fixed user by simply knowing the network address (e.g., the telephone number).

In a cellular system, the cell in which contact may be established with the user changes when the user moves. In order to receive incoming calls, a mobile user must first be located.In practice, three different methods may be used to locate a mobile user:

• Systematic Location Updating at Cell Level• Paging Message in all cells of the Network when a call arrives• Compromise by Introducing the concept of Location Area.

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Through LOCATION UPDATE. Through the help of various DATABASES

How does the network keep track of the subs?How does the network keep track of the subs?

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Network configuration The configuration of a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) isdesigned so that an active mobile station moving in the network’s areais always able to report its position.A network consists of different areas:Cell areaLocation areaMSC areaVLR area.PLMN area

Network configurationNetwork configuration

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GSM 2

Hierarchy of AreasHierarchy of Areas

Cell

Location Area (locating & paging area)

MSC Service Area (area controlled by one MSC)

PLMN ( one or more per country)

GSM Service Area ( all member countries)

Location Area Identity (LAI)

MCC MNC LAC

3 digits 3 digits 2 Octet (max)

MobileCountry

Code

MobileNetwork

Code

Location Area Code

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1

23

4

56

76

72

1

5

A cell is the geographic zone covered by one radio transmitter and receiver

Frequency F1

Frequency F1

Frequency F1

Frequency F1

Frequency F1

Frequency F1

Cell 1

Cell 2

A CellA Cell

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Concept of cellular networkConcept of cellular network

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Location AreaLocation Area

Group of Cells.

Within the network a subscribers location is linked to the LA where subscriber is currently located

The identity of LA is stored in the VLR.

Location updation will only happen if MS moves from one LA to another LA.

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MSC AreaMSC Area

Group of LAs.

Geographical part of the network controlled by one MSC.

In order to route a call to an MS , subscriber MSC area is also stored and monitored in HLR.

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PLMN AreaPLMN Area

Entire set of cells served by one network operator.

Within the PLMN a operator can offer radio coverage and access to its network.

In a country there may be several PLMN areas.

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Through LOCATION UPDATE. Through the help of various DATABASES

How does the network keep track of the subs?How does the network keep track of the subs?

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+ =

MobileEquipment

SubscriberIdentityModule Mobile

StationGSM

Network

AirInterface

The Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) A small memory device mounted on a card that contains user specific

identification the SIM + mobile equipment = mobile station (MS), a device able to access

services in a GSM network via the Air interface.

The First DatabaseThe First Database

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The Visitor Location Register (VLR)database which temporarily keeps record of subscribers currently located inthe service area of the MSC

The Second DatabaseThe Second Database

Mobile Switching Center

VisitorLocatio

nRegiste

r

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The Home Location Register (HLR) database which permanently keeps record of basic identification

data of the subscribers including their current location (variable) equivalent to a VLR address.

The Third DatabaseThe Third Database

Home LocationRegister

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MS BSS MSC VLR HLR

LOCATION UPDATE REQUEST

REQUEST SUBS ID

SEND SUBS IDREQUEST SUBS INFO

SEND SUBS INFO

AUTHENTICATION

AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE

HLR UPDATE

Location Update Procedures:Location Update Procedures:

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BTS1BSC

1

MSC

VLR1

MSCVLR2

LAI 1

MSB

First time Location Update (1)

Loc Up

HLR

IMSI RequestIMSI

HLR DBMSISDN IMSI VLR Address Sub. Data63+918+9499247 310+02+1234567890 vlr2 services

Loc Up + TMSI

Authen

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BTS1BSC

1

MSC

VLR1MSC

VLR2

LAI 1

MSB

Generic Location Update

TMSI + LAIHLR

Loc Up + new TMSI

TMSI

IMSISecurity Info

Subscriber Info

UpdateDel olddata

Authentication

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Pls put a gap between TIGER and and

TIGERandELEPHANT

Can U make a sentence where the word “and” will use 5 times consecutively

and and ELEPHANTand

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Identify the Correct statements

A. Paging is required to locate the customers while there is incoming call to an MS.

B. Handing over can't be possible if MS is moving at a speed of more than 250km/hr.

C. What IMSI is to SIM is IMEI to Handset.

D. None of the above

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Traffic Cases

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Case1: MS in Idle Mode

1. IMSI attach

2. Location updating , type IMSI attach

3. Changing Cells within an LA

4. Location updating , same MSC/VLR

5. Location updating , new MSC/VLR

6. Location updating type periodic registration

7. IMSI detach

8. Implicit detach

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Case2: MS in Active Mode

1. Call from MS

2. Call to MS

3. Hand Over – Intra BSC

4. Hand Over – Inter BSC but Intra MSC

5. Hand Over – Inter MSC

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Case3: International Traffic Cases

1. IMSI attach

2. Call to MS

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Radio Resource ManagementRadio Resource Management

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Radio Resource ManagementRadio Resource Management

Radio Resource Management deals with paging (i.e. alerting usersthat they will receive calls) and continuing the transmission despiteusers mobility (i.e. going from one cell to another).Consequently the main Radio Resource Management functions for GSM systems are:

Paging Handover (HO)

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Paging Paging What the network does to locate the called subscriber. Service Area of VLR is divided into smaller areas called Location Areas

(LA) LAI - Location Are Identity LAI = MCC + MNC +LAC VLR knows the LA of the subscriber All the BTSs within that LA is paged for the subscriber.

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Public Switched Telephone Network (MSC)

BTS

BTS

BTS

BTS

Paging messagePaging messagePaging messagePaging message

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HandoverHandover

The process by which an ongoing call handled by one cell is transferred to another cell. Two reasons for Handover:

Handover due to Measurements Handover due to Traffic Reasons

Four Types of Handover: Intra cell - Intra BSC Handover Inter cell - Intra BSC Handover Inter cell - Inter BSC Handover Inter MSC Handover

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HO ProceduresHO Procedures

Several types of Handovers can occur:

Intra BSC Handovers (The call is handed over from one cell to another, both belonging to the same BSC) Inter BSC Handovers = Intra MSC Handovers (The call is handed over from one cell to another, each cell belonging to a different BSC) Inter MSC Handovers (The call is handed over from one cell to another, each cell belonging to a different MSC)

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Handover (1)Handover (1)

MSC/VLR 1 MSC/VLR 2

BSC1 BSC2 BSC3

BTS4BTS3BTS2BTS1

PSTN

HLR

A

BMeasurement Report

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MSC/VLR 1 MSC/VLR 2

BSC1 BSC2 BSC3

BTS4BTS3BTS2BTS1

PSTN

HLR

B

A

I am OK

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MSC/VLR 1 MSC/VLR 2

BSC1 BSC2 BSC3

BTS4BTS3BTS2BTS1

PSTN

HLR

B

A

Measurement Report

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MSC/VLR 1 MSC/VLR 2

BSC1 BSC2 BSC3

BTS4BTS3BTS2BTS1

PSTN

HLR

B

A

I am OK

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MSC/VLR 1 MSC/VLR 2

BSC1 BSC2 BSC3

BTS4BTS3BTS2BTS1

PSTN

HLR

B

A

Measurement Report

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MSC/VLR 1 MSC/VLR 2

BSC1 BSC2 BSC3

BTS4BTS3BTS2BTS1

PSTN

HLR

B

A

I am OK

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MSC/VLR 1 MSC/VLR 2

BSC1 BSC2 BSC3

BTS4BTS3BTS2BTS1

PSTN

HLR

B

A

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Communication ManagementCommunication Management

Communication Management deals with establishing and releasingtransmission paths through meshed networks.Consequently the main Communication Management functions for GSM systems are:

• Mobile Originated Calls (MOC)• Mobile Terminating Calls (MTC)

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MOC ProcedureMOC Procedure

MS

MS

BTS

BTS

BTS

BSC

BSC

MSC

VLR

GMSC

HLR

PSTN

EIR

AuC

Req for dedicated channel for communication (RACH)Alloc of dedicated channel(AGCH)Call establishment request(SDCCH)Authentication request(SDCCH)Authentication response(SDCCH)

Authentication response(SDCCH)

Ciphering command(SDCCH)Ciphering response(SDCCH)

Assignment of TCH(AGCH) Call Setup

Assignment of TCH(AGCH)

Call Setup

Alerting(TCH) Alerting

Alerting(TCH)

Connected(TCH) Connected

Connected(TCH)

Connected

Exchange ofCommunication

Exchange of communication(TCH)

Exchange ofCommunication

Call release

Call release(TCH)

Call release

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MTC ProcedureMTC Procedure

MS

MS

BTS

BTS

BTS

BSC

BSC

MSC

VLR

GMSC

HLR

PSTN

EIR

AuC

Land to Mobile call

Query forHLR info

Reply

Routeto MSC

Query VLR for LAC andTMSIPaging

the area

Paging

Paging

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RoamingRoaming

What ?Roaming allow you to use your mobile phone even if you are not asubscriber of the Visited Network

How ?Your HPLMN (Home Public Land Mobile Network) will have an agreement (technical and financial) with VPLMNs (Visited Public Land Mobile Networks)

T & D

Roaming - Location UpdateRoaming - Location Update

3 452

2 MAP : Authentication Set Request5

9 MAP : Insert Subscriber Data6

7 8

6 9

1

1

IMSI Translation

GMSC GMSC

HLR

A

VPLMN HPLMN

A belongs to HPLMN, consequently A is roaming

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Roaming - MTCRoaming - MTC

1

1 ISUP : IAM Message

2

2 MAP : Send Routing Info

3

4

5

5 MAP : Provide Roaming Number3

67

6 ISUP : Connect first IAM with MSRN

GMSC

VLR

GMSC

HLR

AB

HPLMNVPLMN

A and B belongs to HPLMN, consequently B is roaming

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Future of GSMFuture of GSM

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Future of GSMFuture of GSM

The evolution of GSM to 3G

9.6-14.4 Kpbs 57.6Kpbs 115 Kpbs

2 Mpbs

384 Kpbs

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Identify the Correct statements

A. Paging is required to locate the customers while there is incoming call to an MS.

B. Handing over can't be possible if MS is moving at a speed of more than 250km/hr.

C. What IMSI is to SIM is IMEI to Handset.

D. None of the above

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ix

Make it 6 with the help of 1 line

S

T & D

Aircel VAS NOCAircel VAS NOC

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Aircel VAS NOC Common nodes portfolioAircel VAS NOC Common nodes portfolio

Charging solution

IN: Prepaid ( With ATM & Credit card recharge option)

IN:VPN and I&B

Packet Bearer

GPRS & EDGE

Messaging

Short messaging services (SMS)

Unified messaging system (UMS)

Multimedia messaging system ( MMS)

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IN ( Intelligent Network)

Service Switching Point (SSP): Acts as an interface between the call control functions of the mobile network and the services control functions of a Services Control Point ( SCP).

Services Control Point ( SCP). This is the intelligence of a IN service and this is realized in software programs and data base.

Service Data Point (SDP): The data base which is used by IN.

T & D

Aircel VAS NOC Common nodes portfolioAircel VAS NOC Common nodes portfolio

User Support Systems

Over the Air (OTA)

Automatic Device Configuration ( ADC ) with welcome server.

Other Application

HLR redundancy and provisioning system ( EMA)

Location Based Services ( LBS)

Push 2 Talk ( PTT)

Fraud Management system ( FMS)

Advertisement & Application Push Server ( AAPS)

Equipment identity register.

Network Management

O&M sub system ( OSS)

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Charging SolutionCharging Solution

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IN : Prepaid System

Salient feature:

Existing capacity -1.284 M subs ( 2.568 M BHCA

Real Time Charging of

Voice

SMS

GPRS

LBS

MMS

Roaming SMS MO and GPRS

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Recharge Options

Mobile/Land line IVR

USSD

ATM/Credit Card

Other feature

Negative Balance and tariff

Super value voucher

IN : Prepaid System

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IN : VPN and I & B services

VPN

Target to corporate client

Flexibility to integrate mobile users into one network with one numbering plan

I & B

Free phone

Premium rate

Call screening feature

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GPRSGPRS

Salient feature:

Centralized GPRS nodes in Kolkata

1 SGSN

1 GGSN

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SMSSMSSalient feature:

Existing capacity : 1.768 BHSM

Supported SMS traffic cases

P2P short message services

A2P and P2A messaging support

CAMEL Ph3 supported ( Roaming MO)

SMS-C Function

Notification for MMS and UMS messaging

OTA-STK application message handling

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MMSMMSSalient feature:

System capacity : 42 MPS ( 150K BHMM)

MMS Features

Supported for video , audio pictures etc.

Future delivery of message

MMS messages to and fro from internet

MMS with partner operator

MMS charging

Prepaid with IN

Post Paid- Normal

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Over the Air (OTA)

Salient feature:

SIM Tool Kit ( STK) based application

Multi-level services menus

Services grouping

SIM file Management

Interactive services for internet contents.

T & D

Automatic Device configuration (ADC)

Salient feature:

Detect automatically new mobile set/subscriber in network

Send the service related setting to handset

Statistics for market/customer segmentation and marketing campaign

Welcome Server

Can detect foreign subscribers and send welcome message

Can send welcome message to home subscriber while roaming outside.

T & D

Location Based Services (LBS)Salient feature:

Existing capacity:32 locations per sec

Both pull and push method

Cell info services

Available only within Aircel network

LBS application

Fleet Management

Information , Dating , Friend Finder

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Push 2 Talk (PTT)

Salient feature:

Existing capacity: 250K subscribers

GPRS bearer

Do not disturb support

Available only within Aircel network

T & D

Fraud Management System (FMS)

For revenue assurance

Online as well as off line data screening

Capable of handling all telecom product

Fraud detection for postpaid and prepaid services

T & D

Advertisement & Application Push Server (AAPS)

Push advertisement /application content to mobile

Can replace previously sent message

Integrated with OTA and STK application

T & D

GSM schedule

PLMN features Structure of GSM network Functions of network elements Basic procedures Air interface High speed quality through digital transmission Authentication and ciphering International roaming Access to all fixed and mobile network Use of SS7 signaling system in the NSS

T & D

GSM network structure

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NSS - Network Switching Subsystem BSS - Base Station Subsystem OSS - Operation & Support Subsystem

Network Switching Subsystem MSC - Mobile Switching Center HLR - Home Location Register VLR - Visitor Location Register AuC - Authentication Center EIR - Equipment Identity Register

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Mobile Switching Center

Switching and call routing Charging Service provisioning Communication with HLR Communication with VLR Control of handover Control of connected BSC’s Access to Internet

T & D

MSC service area

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Home Location Register

Subscriber identity - MSISDN (Mobile Subscriber ISDN Number) - IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber

Identity) - LMSI (Local Mobile Subscriber Identity) Subscriber location information

- Address of MSC, VLR Subscriber services - Basic (voice, data, fax, SMS) - Supplementary (CFU, CFB, CLIP, CLIR, HOLD,...) Subscriber authenticationinformation - Triplet (SRES, Kc, RAND) IN parameters Message Waiting Data

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Visitor Location Register

Subscriber identity - IMSI, TMSI, Address of HLR Subscriber location information - LA (Location Area), Cell Id Subscriber supplementary services Subscriber authentication information - Triplet, CKSN (Ciphering Key Sequence Number) IN parameters

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Authentication Center

Triplet - RAND (RANDom number) - SRES (Signed RESponse) - Kc (Ciphering Key) Algorithms - A3, A5, A8 Function - Subscriber authentication - Ciphering procedure

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Equipment Identity Register

Database of IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) White list Gray list Black list

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BSS - Base Station Subsystem NSS - Network Switching Subsystem OSS - Operation & Support Subsystem

Base Station Subsystem BSC - Base Station Controller TC - Transcoder Controller BTS - Base Transceiver Station

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Base Station Controller

Radio network management Transmission network management BTS management TRAU management Handling of MS connections Internal BSC operation and maintenance

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Transcoder Controller

Transcoding - GSM ↔ PCM Rate adaptation - 16 kbit/s ↔ 64 kbit/s

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Base Transceiver Station

Radio resources Signal processing Signal link management Synchronization Local maintenance handling Functional supervision and testing

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Operation & Support Subsystem

ADC – Administrative Centre NMC – Network Management Centre OMC – Operation & Maintenance Centre

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GSM numbering and identification parameters

MSISDN MSRN IMSI TMSI LMSI IMEI LAI CGI

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MSISDN

Mobile Subscriber ISDN Number (15 digits) CC NDC SN National mobile number

CC – Country Code (1-3 digits) NDC – National Destination Code (1-3) SN – Subscriber Number

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MSRN

Mobile Subscriber Roaming Number VCC VNDC SN(VMSC+VSN) VCC – Visitor Country Code VNDC – Visitor National Destination Code VMSC – Visitor MSC number VSN – Visitor Subscriber Number

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IMSI

International Mobile Subscriber Identity (max 15 digits) National mobile number CC NDC SN CC – Country Code (1-3 digits) NDC – National Destination Code (1-3) SN – Subscriber Number

TMSI Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (4 octets) LMSI Local Mobile Subscriber Identity (4 octets)

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IMEI

International Mobile Equipment Identity (15 digits) TAC FAC SNR spare TAC – Type Approval Code (6 digits) FAC – Final Assembly Code (2 digits) SNR – Serial Number (6 digits)

LAI ( Location Area Identification ) MCC MNC LAC MCC – Mobile Country Code (3 digits) MNC – Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits) LAC – Location Area Code (4 digits)

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CGI

Cell Global Identity MCC MNC LAC MCC – Mobile Country Code (3 digits) MNC – Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits) LAC – Location Area Code (4 digits) CI – Cell Identity (4 digits)

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Traffic cases schedule

Authentication and ciphering Location update Charging Mobile originated call Mobile terminating call Handover Mobile originated SMS Mobile terminated SMS

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Authentication and ciphering

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Location Update in BSS

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Location Update in NSS

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Charging

CDR – Call data record

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Mobile originated call

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Mobile terminating call

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Intra BSC Handover

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Intra MSC Handover

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Inter MSC Handover

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Mobile originated SMS

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Mobile terminated SMS

GSM

Documents

Transcript of GSM