GSM TP's hybrid system

Technical Description Hybrid System

Revision - , December 2012

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Hybrid System

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Contents 1 Network State ........................................................................................................................................................ 3 2 Telzas Power Solution............................................................................................................................................ 4

2.1 Integrated Hybrid Power System ................................................................................................................. 4 3 Hybrid System Elements ........................................................................................................................................ 6

3.1 Power Supply System SDMB250Z – 48VDC 250A outdoor .......................................................................... 6 3.1.1 Technical parameters of the SDMB 250Z system ................................................................................... 6

3.2 Rectifiers PDM 48/41-2000W ..................................................................................................................... 7 3.3 Solar converters FUN 68-48/3000W ........................................................................................................... 7 3.4 Hybrid Controller Pi1 type ......................................................................................................................... 8 3.5 Automatic phase selector (except off-grid system) ..................................................................................... 9 3.6 Inverters (option) ......................................................................................................................................... 9

3.6.1 FUM 230/0,6 ............................................................................................................................................ 9 3.6.2 FUO 230/1,5 ............................................................................................................................................ 9 3.6.3 FUH 230/2,5 ............................................................................................................................................. 9

3.7 Medium Cyclic Batteries ............................................................................................................................ 10 4 Dimensioning / system design ............................................................................................................................. 11

4.1 Hybrid System Dimensioning ..................................................................................................................... 11 4.1.1 1kW DC load - 0h grid ............................................................................................................................ 11 4.1.2 1kW DC load - 14h grid (stable or out of range) .................................................................................... 11 4.1.3 1.3kW DC load - 0h grid ......................................................................................................................... 12 4.1.4 1.3kW DC load - 14h grid (stable or out of range) ................................................................................. 12 4.1.5 1.5kW DC load - 0h grid ......................................................................................................................... 13 4.1.6 1.5kW DC load - 14h grid (stable or out of range) ................................................................................. 13 4.1.7 2kW DC load - 14h grid (stable or out of range) .................................................................................... 14

4.2 Hybrid System Calculation Assumptions .................................................................................................... 15

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1 NETWORK STATE

The existing network includes sites powered by unstable grid and diesel generator. Five states of grid: 1) 0 hrs - grid energy (off-grid) 2) 14 hrs grid energy (6hrs stable, 8hrs unstable and out of range) The site telecom 48V load options are as follows (including cooling energy):

1000W 24h/day

1300W 24h/day

1500W 24h/day

2000W 24h/day

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2 D{a ¢9[9/ha twh5¦/¢{ π POWER SOLUTION

D{a ¢9[9/ha twh5¦/¢{ propose Hybrid Power system as below:

PV array and unstable grid as main sources,

diesel genset as reserve source,

optimal climate control only in battery room to reduce the power consumption,

free-cooling in power supply room.

The system is designed to allow system upgrades and planned maintenance tasks without interrupting the power supply.

2.1 Integrated Hybrid Power System

Hybrid Power systems use a storage medium (typically batteries) to capture energy when excess power

is available, and automatically use this to supply the load when the storage medium is full. In GSM sites, Hybrid Power systems are generally deployed on sites that run on grid, renewable energy or/and diesel genset.

It is important to note that the Hybrid system does not create energy it merely captures excess energy as well as improve the efficiency of the generator, and uses the captured energy to run the site and reduce generator run-time (and thus fuel and services).

In short, a Hybrid System ensures that energy is used efficiently as possible and saves the operator OPEX. Renewable energy have priority over other sources.

Hybrid Power Systems are complete, integrated power systems designed for site loads requiring 48VDC and 230VAC voltage as option. Power System can provide safe and reliable power without the expense of installing utility power.

Rectifiers can work with very wide range of input AC voltage from 85V~to 300V~ with derated output power with input voltage lower than 176V~. So, line conditioner is no needed for this rectifiers. Additional automatic phase selector gives possibility to pull up energy from present strong enough phases.

Power system provide continuous DC power with battery backup. The electrical diagram of the Hybrid Power System is shown on figure below.

In DC Power System current is transformed into 48V DC, which is nominal system voltage for critical and non-critical telecommunication loads. To supply AC loads there is a need of inverters, which convert DC current into alternating current. Batteries lost part of their energy, but are charged at grid present or sunny day. Batteries used with the system are called high cyclic. High cyclic batteries are manufactured to be able to discharge of their stored energy over one thousand of times without damage. If the batteries run low, the engine generator runs at full power until the batteries are charged. As standard genset is started if battery SOC (stat of charge) drops below set value 50% (DOD 50%). Genset stops running when battery is fully charged. Work of all system is controlled by local system controller.

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Fig. Electrical diagram of the Hybrid Power System

G

Gen Solar 48Vdc

+

-

Regulators

+

-

+

-

+

-

+

-

Solar Batteries

=

=

=

=

~

=

~

=

Rectifiers

+

-

+

-

+48Vdc

-48Vdc

~

=

~

=

Inverters

L

N

L

N

L

N

or DC Power System

DC Load 48Vdc

Critical

DC Load 48Vdc

Non-critical

AC Load 230Vac

Critical

AC Load 230Vac

Non-critical

L

N

L

N

L

N

L

N

L

N

Gen Aux

Controller

+

-

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3 HYBRID SYSTEM ELEMENTS

3.1 Power Supply System SDMB250Z – 48VDC 250A outdoor

The outdoor power supply system is intended for uninterruptible supply of 48Vdc loads by direct current in direct full-float operating mode. The construction of the system using cooperation of rectifiers type PDM 48/41-2000W and batteries under control of advanced Pi1 controller. The rectifier system was placed in an IP54 outdoor cabinet resistant to harsh climatic conditions. Cabinet provides protection devices installed in it from the negative influence of atmospheric factors according to ETSI EN 300 019-1-4 class 4.1 standard. Features:

protection against unauthorized access;

thermodynamic functions of the cabinet: heating during periods of low temperature, cooling during periods of high temperatures;

modern, constant power rectifiers;

easy installation of rectifier (replacement or extension) during normal operation status (hot-swap);

continuous control of system’s operation and fast reporting of alarm states by means of controller;

immunity to short-circuits and overloads of output circuits;

immunity to electromagnetic interferences;

modular design; it is used with (N+1) redundancy;

the system upgrades up to 12kW;

single phase rectifier module with very wide input AC voltage range, Frequency 50/60 Hz;

auto shut down below 80 VAC and over 300 VAC with auto-restart when input voltage is within the valid range;

the rectifier system is equipped with Low Voltage Disconnectors (LVD) for batteries;

the rectifier is of high Efficiency design (96 % at full load);

internal surge protection for each module (OVP);

AC protection to disconnect the rectifier in case the power fluctuations are out of tolerance and protection against neutral loss;

de-gassing solution used to avoid accumulation of the battery gasses inside the cabinet,

optimal climate control only in battery room to reduce the power consumption;

400W DC air-conditioner cooling for battery room;

free-cooling in power supply room.

3.1.1 Technical parameters of the SDMB 250Z system

General data Type of controller supervising the operation of the power system PI1 Type and maximal number of rectifier modules PDM 48/41-2000W 6pcs. External dimensions of the cabinet (H x W x D) 1532mm x 755mm x 790mm Weight of the rectifier PDM 48/41-2000W 2,4 kg Dimensions of the rectifier PDM 48/41-2000W 87,9x 85,3 x 272mm (HxWxD) Efficiency of the rectifier PDM 48/41-2000W 96% Electromagnetic compatibility in accordance with PN-EN 300-386

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Safety requirements in accordance with EN 60 950 Climatic class ETSI EN 300 019-1-4 class 4.1 Input circuit parameters Input rated voltage 3x230VAC/400VAC Input phase voltage changes range 80...300 VAC Frequency 45...65 Hz Power supply mains configuration – whichever 3-phase or single-phase 3xL+ N+ PE Power factor 1 Power supply voltage monitoring yes Rated phase current (with 6rects.) 18A@230VAC Output circuit parameters Adjustment range of output voltage 48...58 VDC Maximal output voltage at U out = <48 VDC (with 6rects.) 250ADC Maximal output power at U out = >48 VDC (with 6rects.) 12000W Accuracy of load sharing for load >20% Inom of the rectifier ± 5% Inom of the rectifier Stabilization of output voltage ± 1% Output voltage ripples: psophometric value < 2 mV ripples and peeks (peek-to-peek value) < 200 mV

3.2 Rectifiers PDM 48/41-2000W

Rectifiers PDM 48/41-2000W are an integrated parts of the Outdoor Cabinet for Rectifier.

Rectifiers can work with very wide range of input AC voltage from 85V~to 300V~ with derated output power with input voltage lower than 176V~. Rectifier gives 2000W at input voltage >176V , ~1650W @ 150V, ~1380W @ 130V and ~800W @ 85V.

Detailed information – see attachment PDM 48_41-2000W.pdf data sheet.

3.3 Solar converters FUN 68-48/3000W

The FUN 68-48/3000 solar converter is designed for 48V telecom application. This converter converts power from the PV array to the 48V battery and loads. FUN 68-48/3000W have MPPT (maximum power point tracker). Nominal output power is 3000W. In the hybrid system output of the solar converters FUN are parallel connected with rectifiers - inverters works parallel with rectifiers and are controlled from the main system controller. Inverters are an integrated parts of the Outdoor Cabinet for Rectifier.

Detailed information – see attachment FUN 68-48/3000W.pdf data sheet.

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4.2 Hybrid System Calculation Assumptions

The attached calculations were made using the following assumptions:

1. Location: equatorial Africa.

2. Battery type: medium cyclic.

3. Battery room cooling: DC air conditioner.

4. Rectifiers room cooling: DC fans (free-cooling).

5. Depth of discharge: 50% - for a long battery life cycle.

6. Cost of fuel, including the fueling service: 1.5 $ per liter.

7. The genset operation and maintenance costs: 0.45$ per hour.

8. Genset start/stop by dry contact.

9. Available area for PV array: 15x15m2.

10. Installation cost: 3,000$.

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Inverters can be integrated in the Outdoor Cabinet for Rectifier. In HGB system all AC loads on the site will be supplied from those inverters. Detailed information – see attachment FUH 230_2,5.pdf data sheet.

3.7 Medium Cyclic Batteries

Enersys batteries PowerSafe SBS 190F EON with cycling performance 1200+ cycles at 60% DOD are used in this hybrid system. DOD set at 50% gives life time ~2.7 years

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4 DIMENSIONING / SYSTEM DESIGN

4.1 Hybrid System Dimensioning

4.1.1 1kW DC load - 0h grid

HYBRID SYSTEM ELEMENTS Qty

(pcs)

Power Supply System SDMB250Z includes: 1

Rectifier PDM 48/41-2000W 4

Hybrid Controller PI1 type 1

Solar converter FUN 68-48/3000W 2

Automatic phase selector NO

High Cyclic Batteries GNB/Sonnenschein type SBS 190F

Number of batteries 8

Outdoor Cabinet for Batteries 0

PV module ISF-145 ISOFOTON 25

PV array 3.625kWp; ~25m2

Genset power ~8.7kW

Estimated energy from PV array 55%

Estimated energy from genset 45%

Estimated genset run time ~700

Estimated diesel fuel per year ~1600l

4.1.2 1kW DC load - 14h grid (stable or out of range)


(pcs)





Automatic phase selector YES






Genset power ~5.6kW



Estimated energy from grid 76%

Estimated genset run time 0h

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4.1.3 1.3kW DC load - 0h grid


(pcs)











Genset power ~8.7kW





4.1.4 1.3kW DC load - 14h grid (stable or out of range)


(pcs)











Genset power ~5.6kW






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4.1.5 1.5kW DC load - 0h grid


(pcs)











Genset minimum power ~8.7kW





4.1.6 1.5kW DC load - 14h grid (stable or out of range)


(pcs)











Genset minimum power ~5.6kW






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2kW DC load - 0h grid


(pcs)











Genset minimum power 12kW






4.1.7 2kW DC load - 14h grid (stable or out of range)


(pcs)











Genset power ~8.7kW






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4.2 Hybrid System Calculation Assumptions

The attached calculations were made using the following assumptions:

1. Location: equatorial Africa.

2. Battery type: medium cyclic.

3. Battery room cooling: DC air conditioner.

4. Rectifiers room cooling: DC fans (free-cooling).

5. Depth of discharge: 50% - for a long battery life cycle.

6. Cost of fuel, including the fueling service: 1.5 $ per liter.

7. The genset operation and maintenance costs: 0.45$ per hour.

8. Genset start/stop by dry contact.

9. Available area for PV array: 15x15m2.

10. Installation cost: 3,000$.

GSM TP's hybrid system

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