GSM

-Mob

ile N

etw

orks

Proc

edur

es a

nd S

cena

rios

Aut

hor:

Dip

l. In

g. In

go S

chac

htD

ate:

24.0

6.20

03

Dip

l. In

g. In

go S

chac

htPa

ge 2

© S

iem

ens,

200

3

Res

ourc

esan

d R

efer

ence

s

GSM

-Sig

nalis

ieru

ngG

unna

r Hei

neFr

anzi

s‘ V

erla

g G

mbH

Spec

ifica

tions

of 3

GPP

http

://w

ww

.3gp

p.or

g/

Siem

ens

inte

rnal

doc

umen

ts a

nd p

rese

ntat

ions

Dip

l. In

g. In

go S

chac

htPa

ge 3

© S

iem

ens,

200

3

Bas

ic C

onsi

dera

tions

Wha

tare

the

basi

c re

ques

ts?

A m

obile

sub

scrib

er w

ants

to in

itiat

e ca

llsto

oth

er p

artie

s.A

mob

ile s

ubsc

riber

wan

ts to

rece

ive

calls

from

oth

er

parti

es.

Tele

phon

y in

fixe

d ne

twor

ksEv

ery

subs

crib

er c

an b

e re

ache

d by

its

fix c

onne

ctio

n to

th

e ne

twor

k.-

Iden

tity

is c

lear

!-

Loca

tion

is c

lear

!

Tele

phon

y in

mob

ile n

etw

orks

Theo

retic

ally

eac

h su

bscr

iber

can

try

to u

se s

ervi

ces

from

ev

ery

netw

ork

ever

ywhe

re!

-Id

entit

y is

n‘t c

lear

!-

Loca

tion

isn‘

t cle

ar!

Dip

l. In

g. In

go S

chac

htPa

ge 4

© S

iem

ens,

200

3

Con

clus

ion

A m

obile

net

wor

k ne

eds

addi

tiona

l mec

hani

sms

to

real

ize

mob

ile te

leph

ony!

Det

ectio

nof

sub

scrib

er lo

catio

n

Verif

icat

ion

ofsu

bscr

iber

iden

tity

Verif

icat

ion

of m

obile

equi

pmen

t ide

ntity

Com

mun

icat

ion

secu

rity

Supp

ort o

f cha

nge

of s

ubsc

riber

loca

tion

durin

g st

able

cal

l

Supp

ort o

f for

eign

mob

ile s

ubsc

riber

Mob

ility

Man

agem

ent!!

Dip

l. In

g. In

go S

chac

htPa

ge 5

© S

iem

ens,

200

3

Intr

oduc

tion

Intr

oduc

tion

Dip

l. In

g. In

go S

chac

htPa

ge 6

© S

iem

ens,

200

3

Scop

e of

the

pres

enta

tion

GSM

/DC

S

Switc

hing

Sub

syst

em

Ope

ratio

n &

Mai

nten

ance

Sub

syst

em

Rad

io S

ubsy

stem

Cor

eN

etw

ork

Acc

ess

Net

wor

k

Dip

l. In

g. In

go S

chac

htPa

ge 7

© S

iem

ens,

200

3

GSM

Net

wor

k -O

verv

iew

Cor

e N

etw

ork

SS7

tran

sit n

etw

ork

HLR

Mob

ility

MSC

GM

SC

SCP

IN

VLR

ISU

P

MA

PC

AM

EL

ISU

PMA

P

BSS

Acc

ess

Net

wor

k

BSS

AP

SS7

Switc

hST

P

PSTN

/ IS

DN

PLM

N(P

ublic

Lan

d M

obile

Net

wor

k)

PSTN

(Pub

lic S

witc

hed

Tele

com

Net

wor

k)

Sign

allin

g

Traf

fic

Dip

l. In

g. In

go S

chac

htPa

ge 8

© S

iem

ens,

200

3

Mob

ile S

tatio

n

ME

Mob

ileEq

uipm

ent

(HW

& S

W)

SIEM

ENS

SIM

SIM

SIM

/ U

SIM

+

„Mob

ileSu

bscr

iber

“

MS

=

Mob

ileSt

atio

n

Dip

l. In

g. In

go S

chac

htPa

ge 9

© S

iem

ens,

200

3

SIM

–Su

bcrib

er Id

entit

y M

odul

e

SIM

iden

tifie

s th

em

obile

sub

scrib

er(M

Sub)

Con

sist

ing

of m

icro

proc

esso

r and

mem

ory

for

tem

pora

ryan

d pe

rman

ent d

ata

Tem

pora

ry d

ata:

-Te

mpo

rary

sub

scrib

er id

entit

y (T

MSI

)-

Cur

rent

loca

tion

info

rmat

ion

(LAI

)-

Encr

yptio

n da

ta

Perm

anen

t dat

a:-

Perm

anen

t sub

scrib

er id

entit

y (IM

SI)

-Ke

y (K

i) –

indi

vidu

al s

ubsc

riber

aut

hent

icat

ion

key

-Al

gorit

hms

for a

uthe

ntic

atio

n (A

3) a

nd e

ncry

ptio

n (A

8)SIEM

ENS

SIM

SIM

Dip

l. In

g. In

go S

chac

htPa

ge 1

0©

Sie

men

s, 2

003

Proc

edur

es &

Sce

nario

s

Proc

edur

es&

Scen

ario

s

Dip

l. In

g. In

go S

chac

htPa

ge 1

1©

Sie

men

s, 2

003

Ove

rvie

w Aut

hent

icat

ion

Loca

tion

Upd

ate

Mob

ile O

rigin

atin

g C

all (

MO

C)

Mob

ileTe

rmin

atin

g C

all (

MTC

)

Inte

rrog

atio

n

Pagi

ng

Han

dove

r

Dip

l. In

g. In

go S

chac

htPa

ge 1

2©

Sie

men

s, 2

003

Aut

hent

icat

ion(

I)

Purp

ose:

-Pr

otec

tion

of th

e ne

twor

kag

ains

t una

utho

rized

acc

ess

and

usag

e of

offe

red

serv

ices

-Pr

otec

tion

of th

e m

obile

sub

scrib

erag

ains

t un

auth

oriz

ed u

sage

of it

s ow

n id

entit

y

Trig

ger: -

No

inde

pend

ent o

pera

tion!

Alw

ays

in c

onju

nctio

n w

ith

an o

ther

sce

nario

(LU

P, M

OC

,..)!

Affe

cted

ent

ities

:-

MS

-M

SC/V

LR-

HLR

/AC

Dip

l. In

g. In

go S

chac

htPa

ge 1

3©

Sie

men

s, 2

003

Aut

hent

icat

ion(

II)

Trip

les

RA

ND

Kc

SRES

HLR

/A

CM

obili

ty

MSC

VLR

BSS

BSS

AP

MA

P

MS

Acc

ess

Net

wor

kC

ore

Net

wor

k

HLR

/AC

Sign

edR

espo

nse (Ki+RAND+A3)

Cip

herin

gK

ey (KI+RAND+A8)

Ran

dom

Num

ber

SIM

IMSI Ki

A3

A8

SIE

ME

NS

SIM

SIM

SIE

ME

NS

SIM

SIM

SIM

SIM

Perm

anen

t sto

red

data

Dip

l. In

g. In

go S

chac

htPa

ge 1

4©

Sie

men

s, 2

003

Aut

hent

icat

ion(

III)

SIE

ME

NS

SIM

SIM

SIE

ME

NS

SIM

SIM

SIM

SIM

HLR

/AC

VLR

MS

VLR

HLR

/AC

Auth

entic

atio

n_R

eque

st (R

AND

)

Trip

le_R

eque

st (I

MSI

)

Trip

le_R

espo

nse

(Trip

les)

Cal

cula

tion

Of

SRES

with

A3

Auth

entic

atio

n_R

espo

nse

(SR

ES)

Com

paris

onO

fR

ecei

ved

SRES

With

Stor

ed S

RES

Dip

l. In

g. In

go S

chac

htPa

ge 1

5©

Sie

men

s, 2

003

Loca

tion

Upd

ate

(I)

Purp

ose:

-U

pdat

e of

cur

rent

loca

tion

info

rmat

ion

on th

e SI

M a

nd

in V

LR

Trig

ger: -

MS

dete

cts

that

sto

red

loca

tion

info

rmat

ion

on S

IM

(LAI

) is

diffe

rent

to th

e re

ceiv

ed lo

catio

n in

form

atio

n vi

a br

oadc

ast c

hann

el (n

ot d

urin

g st

able

cal

l!)

Affe

cted

ent

ities

:-

MS

-M

SC/V

LR-

HLR

/AC

Dip

l. In

g. In

go S

chac

htPa

ge 1

6©

Sie

men

s, 2

003

Loca

tion

Upd

ate

(II)

HLR

Mob

ility

MSC

VLR

MA

P

BSS

BSS

AP

MS

Acc

ess

Net

wor

kC

ore

Net

wor

k

MS

VLR

HLR

/AC

Loca

tion_

Upd

ate_

Req

uest

(IM

SI)

Aut

hent

icat

ion

MSu

b_D

ata_

Res

pons

e

MSu

b_D

ata_

Req

uest

(LM

SI, V

LR-N

r.)

Loca

tion_

Upd

ate_

Res

pons

e (T

MSI

)

Dip

l. In

g. In

go S

chac

htPa

ge 1

7©

Sie

men

s, 2

003

Mob

ile O

rigin

atin

g C

all (

MO

C) t

o PS

TN

1.Lo

catio

n U

pdat

e M

Sub-

A is

kno

wn

in V

LR!

MS

Acc

ess

Net

wor

kC

ore

Net

wor

k

SS7

tran

sit n

etw

ork

HLR

Mob

ility

MSCVL

R

BSS

SS7

Switc

hST

P

PSTN

/ IS

DN

BSS

AP

ISU

P

MA

P ISU

PG

MSC

2.M

Sub-

Adi

als

MSI

SDN

of B

-Sub

scrib

erM

OC

Req

uest

!

3.Tr

affic

Cha

nnel

Req

uest

4.Au

then

ticat

ion

byVL

R

5.Su

bscr

iptio

nch

eck

(Aut

horis

atio

n fo

r ser

vice

s)

6.Tr

affic

Cha

nnel

Ass

ignm

enta

ndR

outin

gto

B-S

ubsc

riber

by

MSC

7.C

onne

ctio

nw

illbe

est

ablis

hed

whe

nB-

Subs

crib

er a

nsw

ers.

Dip

l. In

g. In

go S

chac

htPa

ge 1

8©

Sie

men

s, 2

003

Mob

ile T

erm

inat

ing

Cal

l (M

TC)

SS7

tran

sit n

etw

ork

HLR

Mob

ility

MSCVL

R

BSS

SS7

Switc

hST

P

PSTN

/ IS

DN

BSS

AP

ISU

P

MA

P ISU

PG

MSC

1.PS

TN S

ubsc

riber

dia

ls M

SISD

N fr

om M

S.

2.D

igit

anal

ysis

in P

STN

resu

ltsro

utin

g in

to P

LMN

.

MS

Acc

ess

Net

wor

kC

ore

Net

wor

k

3.N

etw

ork

acce

ss to

a P

LMN

alw

ays

via

GM

SC (G

atew

ay-M

SC).

4.G

MSC

need

s ro

utin

g in

form

atio

nto

VM

SC o

f MS!

In

terr

ogat

ion

5.G

MSC

est

ablis

hes

a co

nnec

tion

to M

SC a

nd s

ends

forw

ard

the

MSR

N.

6.M

SC re

ques

ts b

y m

eans

of M

SRN

the

TMSI

and

the

LAI o

f MS

from

th

e VL

R s

tore

ddu

ring

last

LU

P of

MS.

Pagi

ng

Dip

l. In

g. In

go S

chac

htPa

ge 1

9©

Sie

men

s, 2

003

Inte

rrog

atio

n(I)

Purp

ose:

-Pr

ovis

ioni

ng o

f rou

ting

info

rmat

ion

from

GM

SC to

VM

SC fo

r in

com

ing

calls

(MTC

)

Trig

ger:

-Al

way

s in

GM

SC-

Dig

it pr

oces

sing

of M

SISD

N (M

Sub-

B) d

etec

ts „i

nter

roga

tion“

ne

cess

ary

Affe

cted

ent

ities

:-

GM

SC-

HLR

-M

SC/V

LR

Dip

l. In

g. In

go S

chac

htPa

ge 2

0©

Sie

men

s, 2

003

Inte

rrog

atio

n(II)

HLR

/AC

GM

SCVM

SC

VLR

GM

SCVL

RH

LR/A

C

send

Rou

tingI

nfo

(MSI

SDN

)

prov

ideR

oam

ingN

umbe

r(IM

SI)

send

Rou

tingI

nfoR

esul

t(M

SRN

)

IMSI

and

VLR

-Nr.

of M

Sub-

Bfr

omla

st L

UP?

prov

ideR

oam

ingN

umbe

rRes

ult(M

SRN

)

Det

ectio

n of

HLR

-ID fr

omM

SISD

N o

fM

Sub-

B

Cre

ate

and

stor

eM

SRN

MTC

Dip

l. In

g. In

go S

chac

htPa

ge 2

1©

Sie

men

s, 2

003

Pagi

ng (I

)

Purp

ose:

-D

eter

min

atio

n of

cur

rent

sub

scrib

er lo

catio

n

Trig

ger: -

Inco

mm

ing

call

(MTC

)

Affe

cted

ent

ities

:-

MS

-M

SC/V

LR

Dip

l. In

g. In

go S

chac

htPa

ge 2

2©

Sie

men

s, 2

003

Pagi

ng (I

I)

BTS

BTS

BTS

BTS

BTS

BTS

BTS

BSC

MSC

BSC

VLR

1.M

SCre

ques

tsal

lBSC

s th

at

supp

ort t

he lo

catio

n ar

ea

stor

ed d

urin

gla

st L

UP

tose

nta

sear

ch m

essa

geto

the

MS.

PAG

ING

2.M

San

swer

es w

ith th

e cu

rren

t ce

ll in

fo.

I‘m

here

!!

3.A

fter n

ew a

uthe

ntic

atio

n an

d al

loca

tion

of n

ew T

MSI

by

VLR

co

nnec

tion

will

be

esta

blis

hed!

Dip

l. In

g. In

go S

chac

htPa

ge 2

3©

Sie

men

s, 2

003

Han

dove

r

Wha

t is

Han

dove

r?If

a m

obile

sub

scrib

er c

hang

es th

e ce

ll du

ring

stab

le c

allt

heB

TS o

f th

e ne

w c

ell t

akes

ove

r the

con

nect

ion

with

out i

nter

rupt

ion .

Han

dove

r (H

O)

Gen

eral

4ki

nds

of H

ando

ver

BSC

con

trol

led

HO

BSC

con

trol

led

HO

Intra

-Cel

l HO

Inte

r-Cel

l HO

Con

trol

led

by A

cces

s N

etw

ork

MSC

con

trol

led

HO

MSC

con

trol

led

HO

Intra

-MSC

HO

Inte

r-MSC

HO

Con

trol

led

by C

ore

Net

wor

k

Dip

l. In

g. In

go S

chac

htPa

ge 2

4©

Sie

men

s, 2

003

Kin

ds o

f Han

dove

r

BSC

con

trol

led

HO

Intr

a-C

ell H

O-

Cha

ngin

g th

e ph

ysic

al c

hann

el in

side

a c

ell

Inte

r-C

ell H

O-

Cha

ngin

g th

e ce

ll

MSC

con

trol

led

HO

Intr

a-M

SC H

O-

Cha

ngin

g th

e se

rvin

gB

SC

Inte

r-M

SC H

O-

Cha

ngin

g th

e vi

site

d M

SC

Dip

l. In

g. In

go S

chac

htPa

ge 2

5©

Sie

men

s, 2

003

Com

mon

Pha

ses

of e

very

HO

Bas

ical

ly th

ere

are

4 ph

ases

:

Phas

e 1:

BSC

deci

des

if H

O is

nec

essa

ry!

Phas

e 2:

Para

llelt

o ex

istin

g co

nnec

tion

a se

cond

co

nnec

tion

will

be e

stab

lishe

d!

Phas

e 3:

MS

switc

hes

over

to n

ew c

onne

ctio

n!

Phas

e 4:

Orig

inal

ly c

onne

ctio

n w

ill be

rele

ased

!

Dip

l. In

g. In

go S

chac

htPa

ge 2

6©

Sie

men

s, 2

003

Exam

ple

Inte

r-M

SC H

O

MSC

1VLR

BTS

BTS

BTS

BTS

BTS

BTS

BTS

BSC

BSC

MSC

2VLR

Phas

e 4:

•MS

switc

hes

over

to n

ewra

dio

chan

nel

of n

ewce

ll.•A

fter s

ucce

sful

sw

itch

over

the

orig

inal

ly

conn

ectio

n w

ill be

rele

ased

by

MS.

Phas

e 1:

•Dur

ing

stab

leco

nnec

tion

MS

mea

sure

d pe

rman

ent s

igna

l lev

el o

f ow

n an

d su

rroun

ding

cel

ls.

•Res

ults

are

tran

smitt

ed to

BSC

.•B

SC d

ecid

es M

SC-c

ontro

lled

HO

ne

cess

ary

and

info

rms

MSC

1.

MS

Phas

e 2:

•MSC

1 re

ques

ts H

ON

from

MSC

2 an

d in

form

s M

CS2

abo

ut th

e ne

w c

ell o

f MS.

•BSC

of n

ew c

ell p

rovi

des

corre

spon

ding

ra

dio

ress

ourc

es.

•HO

N a

nd ra

dio

ress

ourc

e da

ta a

re s

entb

ack

to M

SC1.

Phas

e 3:

•MSC

1 es

tabl

ishe

s co

nnec

tion

to

MSC

2 by

usi

ng H

ON

.•M

SC2

esta

blis

hes

conn

ectio

n to

ne

wBS

C a

nd to

new

cel

l.•M

SC1

info

rms

MS

abou

t the

new

ra

dio

ress

ourc

e da

ta a

nd re

ques

ts

switc

h ov

er.

Dip

l. In

g. In

go S

chac

htPa

ge 2

7©

Sie

men

s, 2

003

Net

wor

k M

igra

tion

from

GSM

to U

MTS

Ove

rvie

w a

bout

Net

wor

kM

igra

tion

from

GSM Ove

r

GPR

STo

UM

TS

Dip

l. In

g. In

go S

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