GSM BTS312 Hardware Structure ISSUE4.0

8/10/2019 GSM BTS312 Hardware Structure ISSUE4.0

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1

Huawei Confidential. All Rights Reserved

OME201101 GSM BTS312

Hardware Structure

ISSUE 4.0

2 Internal Use

ObjectivesObjectives

Upon completion of this course, you will be

able to:

Know the functions and features of

BTS

Master the BTS hardware structure

Master the signal processing of BTS



2

3 Internal Use

Chapter 1 Overview

Chapter 2 System Components

Chapter 3 Signal Processing

Chapter 4 Antenna and Feeder System

4 Internal Use

LocationLocation

MS: Mobile Station BTS: Base Transceiver Station

OMC: Operation and Maintenance Center

HLR: Home Location Register EIR: Equipment Identity Register

MSC: Mobile Switching Center VLR: Visitor Location Register SMC: Short Message Center

VM: Voice Mailbox

BSC: Base Station Controller

AUC: Authentication Center

PSTN

ISDN

PSPDN

Um Interface

BTS

BTS

BTS

BTS

OMC

HLR/AUC/EIR

BSC

MSC/VLR

SMC/VM

A Interface

MAPM A P

TUP,ISUPMS

MS

MS



3

5 Internal Use

Features and FunctionsFeatures and Functions

High integration and low power consumption

15 radio carriers at the Abis sharing an E1 for transmission (15:1)

Support various transmission modes and complex topologies,

e.g. SDH, E1, microwave, satellite etc.

Support the configuration of up to S24/24/24 and facilitating

expansion

1-minute fast startup

6 Internal Use

Features and FunctionsFeatures and Functions

Support GSM900,DCS1800,EGSM and RGSM

Support GSM PHASE 1、PHASE 2 and PHASE 2+

Support GPRS and EDGE

Support baseband hopping and RF hopping Support FR, HR, EFR and AMR

Support A5/1 and A5/2 encryption/decryption



4

7 Internal Use

Hardware StructureHardware Structure

DATA_BUS/CONTROL_BUS/TIMING_BUS

Externalcontrol

Externalalarm

E1TMU

Opt. fiber

xDSL TEU

PMUFH_BUS

CDU

PSU

TRX

TRX

TRX

Signal Processing UnitCommon Unit

CDU

CDU

antenna

antenna

antenna

Antenna Feeder Unit

TES

8 Internal Use

Boards in Cabinet:

CDU: Combiner & Divider Unit

TRX: Transceiver

PMU: Power Monitoring Unit

TMU: Timing/Transmission &

Management Unit

PSU: Power Supply Unit

TDU: Time Distribution Unit

TES: Transmission Extension

Power Supply Unit

TEU: Transmission Extension

Unit

Cabinet and BoardsCabinet and Boards

FAN BOX

SWITCH BOX

FAN BOX

AIR BOX

AIR BOX

P

S

U

P

S

U

P

S

U

P

S

U

P

S

U

P

S

U

P

M

U

T

M

U

T

E

S

T

E

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T

M

U

T

E

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T

R

X

T

R

X

T

R

X

T

R

X

C

D

U

C

D

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T

R

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T

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T

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C

D

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T

R

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T

R

X

T

R

X

T

R

X

C

D

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C

D

U

TDU



5

9 Internal Use

Chapter 1 Overview




10 Internal Use

Chapter 2 System Componnents

Section 1 Common Unit

Section 2 Signal Processing Unit



6

11 Internal Use

TMUTMU

Provide E1 connection interface

Provide channel multiplexing and flexible networking modes

Provide Man-machine interface (MMI) and operation &

maintenance link

Provide centralized BTS clock

Provide alarm signal input ports

Functions of TMUFunctions of TMU

12 Internal Use

Structure of TMUStructure of TMU

BSC

External synchronous clock

MMI (man-

machineInterface)

Environment

monitors

BIU

OMU

MCK Standby MCK

Extended BIUDBUS

CBUS

TDUTBUS

StandbyTMU

EAC



7

13 Internal Use

Indictors on TMUIndictors on TMU

FlashFlash(0.5Hz): Normal

On or Off: AbnormalRunning StateGreenRUN

Slow flash

On: Free oscillation

Quick flash(4Hz):

Catching

Slow flash(1Hz): Locked

Off: Abnormal

Phase

identification

indicator

GreenPLL

Master Board: Slow

flash

Slave Board: Quick

flash

Slow flash(1HZ): Master

Quick flash(2Hz): Slave

Master/Slave

indicationGreenM/S

Off

On: Local Alarm

Flash: Remote Alarm

Off: Normal

E1

TransmissionGreenLI1,2,3,4

OnOn: Normal

Off: AbnormalPower GreenPWR

Normal StateExplanationMeaningColor Indicator

Name

T M U

M M I

T 1 3 M

F C K

T 2M

D B G

R S T

PW R

M /S

R U N

LI 1

LI 2

LI 3

LI 4

PL L

14 Internal Use

TDUTDU

Provide clock channels in one synchronous cell

Transfer E1 signals in the local cabinet

Provide alarming channels

Provide bus-control interfaces

Functions of TDUFunctions of TDU



8

15 Internal Use

Position of TDUPosition of TDU

16 Internal Use

CabinetCabinet--top Connectorstop Connectors

(6) Clock interface (CKB1 and

CKB2)

(5) Storage battery

management

signal cable

interface (PWRC)

(4) Built-in optical

transmission E1 interface

(TRA1, TRA2, TRB1, and

TRB2)

(3) 120 E1 interface

(TME1)

(2) External alarm interface

(EAC1 and EAC2)

(1) Data bus

interface (DCF1)

(13) Cascading interface of CDU combined cabinet

(CDU)

(12) Feeder input interface

(ANT)

(11) External power

cable interface

(10) Grounding cable

interface for combined

cabinet (SHELLGND)

(9) External

synchronous

clock interface

(SYNC)

(8) 75 E1 interface (TX and

RX)

(7) Data bus interface

(DCF2)



9

17 Internal Use

When the supply input is 220VAC,the AC/DC

module is used.

When the supply input is +24VDC,neither

DC/DC nor AC/DC module is used.

When the supply input is -48VDC,the DC/DC

module is used.

220VAC

-48VDC

+24VDC

Power SupplyPower Supply

18 Internal Use

PSU ConfigurationPSU Configuration

144 ~ 6

147 ~ 9

134 ~ 6

One PSU for

backup

121 ~ 3-48VDC

1510 ~ 12

1610 ~ 12

157 ~ 9

131 ~ 3220VAC

101 ~ 1224VDC

notesBoards (PMU)Boards (PSU)Capacity (TRX)mode



10

19 Internal Use

PMU structurePMU structure

PMUPMU

AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC

AC power supply

Power monitoring

unit PMUFan

Fuse

Battery

Load

AC/DC

20 Internal Use

FMUFMU

Fan feeding

Fan revolution speed control

Alarm detection

+24V power supply input interface

Functions of FMUFunctions of FMU



11

21 Internal Use

Chapter 2 System Componnents

Section 1 Common Unit

Section 2 Signal Processing Unit

22 Internal Use

TRXTRX

Baseband speech processing

Um and Abis interface signaling processing

Modulation and demodulation

RF signal amplification

Functions of TRXFunctions of TRX



12

23 Internal Use

PAU

TRX Module StructureTRX Module Structure

Transmitter

DBUS

TBUS

SCP CUI

Clock processing part

TBPU

DSP

FH_BUS

TDP

RCU

RPU

Receiver

Diversity

receiver

CBUS

TBPU:TRX Baseband signal Processing Unit RPU:RF signal Processing Unit

SCP: Signaling Processing Unit DSP: Digital Signal Processing Unit CUI: Carrier Unit Interface

TDP: Transmitter Driver and PLL Unit PAU: Power Amplifier Unit RCU: Receiving Unit

DBUS: Data Bus CBUS: Control Bus TBUS: Timing Bus FH_BUS: Frequency Hopping Bus

24 Internal Use

Output Power of TRXOutput Power of TRX

Normal: 40W(46dBm) or 60W(48dBm)

EDGE TRX: GMSK: 60W, 8PSK: 40W



13

25 Internal Use

When the standing wave ratio at the power amplifier output port

exceeds 1.5, it reports standing wave alarm to the baseband unit

When the temperature of the power amplifier exceeds 85℃, the

power amplifier unit reports the over-temperature alarm via thebaseband unit, and automatically turns off the power amplifier

Over standing wave alarm

Over-temperature alarm

Alarms of TRXAlarms of TRX

26 Internal Use

Indicators on TRXIndicators on TRX

Off On: Alarm

Off: No alarm

Alarm

Indicator RedFAIL

Flash

Flash(0.5Hz):

Normal

On or Off:

Abnormal

DSP Running

StateGreenRDP

Flash

Flash(0.5Hz):

Normal

On or Off: Abnormal

SCP Running

State

GreenRCP

OnOn: Normal

Off: AbnormalPower GreenPWR

Normal

StateExplanationMeaningColor

Indicator

Name

TX OUT

PW R

RCP

RDP

FAIL

RST

MMI

RXA IN

RXB IN

TRX



14

27 Internal Use

CDUCDU

Combine and filter transmitted signals

Filter ,amplify and distribute received signals

Provide power for the tower-top amplifier

Alarm detection

Functions of CDUFunctions of CDU

28 Internal Use

CDU StructureCDU Structure

Combiner

Divider

Divider

Duplexer TX1

TX2

TX-COMB

TX-DUP

RX1

RX2RX3RX4

HL-out

RX2RX3RX4

RX1

HL-in

RXD-ANT

TX/RX-ANT

RXD-out

LNA

LNA Filter



15

29 Internal Use

Indicators on CDUIndicators on CDU

Off

On: LNA current out

of range

Off: Normal

LNA

current

indication

RedLNA

Off

On: TTA current out

of range

Off: Normal

TTA

current

indication

RedTTA

Off

On: VSWR is greater

than 2.5

Off: Normal

Standing

wave ratio

alarm

RedVSWR2

Off

On: VSWR is greater

than 1.5 and

less than 2.5

Off: Normal

Standing

wave ratio

alarm

YellowVSWR1

OnOn: Normal

Off: AbnormalPower GreenPOWER

Normal

StateExplanationMeaningColor

Indicator

Name

30 Internal Use

Rear Panel of CDURear Panel of CDU

MAIN: TTA power feeding selection knob of main receiving channel

DIVERSE: TTA power feeding selection knob of diversity receiving channel

FUSE :1.5A

mA2052053

mA1001072

mA651001

off off 0

UnitDIVERSEMAINSetting

Correspondence between knob setting and current

strength of TTA

Note: MAIN is recommended to be set at 1(100mA),and

DIVERSE to be set at 2(100mA).Other modes of setting

are not recommended



16

31 Internal Use

Alarm DetectionAlarm Detection

VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) monitoring: CDU Monitors the

status of antenna system. When the detected standing wave ratio

exceeds the preset threshold (1.5 or 2.5), CDU will generate

corresponding alarms

Low noise amplifier fault alarm: The signal is extracted from the

power supply current of the low noise amplifier. When the current

exceeds a certain level ,alarm signals are generated

Tower-top amplifier alarm: When there is a tower-top amplifier on

service, the CDU monitors the status of tower-top amplifier by its

working current. If the current exceeds a certain level , alarm signals

are generated

32 Internal Use

Chapter 1 Overview






17

33 Internal Use

Speech ProcessingSpeech Processing

BSC-(TDU)-TMU-DBUS-TRX-CDU-ANT-MS

DBUS

S

C

P

C

U

I

Clock process

TBPU

D

S

P

FH_BUS

TDP PAU

RCU

RPU

BSC BIU

OMU

EAC MCK TDU

CBUS

TBUS

C

D

U

34 Internal Use

OML ProcessingOML Processing

BSC-(TDU)-TMU-CBUS-TRX (or PMU,CDU)

DBUS

S

CP

C

U

I

Clock process

TBPU

D

S

P

FH_BUS

TDP PAU

RCU

RPU

BSC BIU

OMU

EAC MCK TDU

CBUS

TBUS

C

DU



18

35 Internal Use

RSL ProcessingRSL Processing

BSC-(TDU)-TMU-DBUS-TRX

DBUS

S

C

P

C

U

I

Clock process

TBPU

D

S

P

FH_BUS

TDP PAU

RCU

RPU

BSC BIU

OMU

EAC MCK TDU

CBUS

TBUS

C

D

U

36 Internal Use

Clock ProcessingClock Processing

BSC (or External Clock) –(TDU)-TMU-TDU-TBUS-TRX

DBUS

S

C

P

C

U

I

Clock process

TBPU

D

S

P

FH_BUS

TDP PAU

RCU

RPU

BSC BIU

OMU

EAC MCK TDU

CBUS

TBUS

External synchronous clock



19

37 Internal Use

Chapter 1 Overview




38 Internal Use

Antenna and Feeder SystemAntenna and Feeder System

Antenna

TTA

Antennastand

Jumper betweenantenna and TTA

Jumper betweenTTA and feeder

Feeder

Lighteningarrester

Jumper betweenlightening arresterand cabinet

BTS312

cabinet

SWITCH BOX

FAN BOX

AIR BOX

P

S

U

P

S

U

P

S

U

P

S

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P

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P

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P

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C

D

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T

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X

T

R

X

T

R

X

T

R

X

C

D

U

C

D

U

TDU

FAN BOX

AIR BOX

P

S

U

P

S

U

P

S

U

P

S

U

P

S

U

P

S

U

P

M

U

T

R

X

T

R

X

T

R

X

T

R

X



20

39 Internal Use

S1/1/1S1/1/1

TX OUT

RXA

RXB

DUP

1:4

1:4

TX/RX ANT

TX

RX

HL OUT

HL IN

COMB

TX COMB

TX DUP

RXD OUT

RXD ANT

(RXB)

(TX/RXA)

40 Internal Use

S2/2/2S2/2/2

TX OUT

RXA

RXB

DUP

1:4

1:4

TX/RX ANT

TX OUT

RXA

RXB

TX

RX

HL OUT

HL IN

COMB

TX COMB

TX DUP

RXD OUT

RXD ANT

(RXB)

(TX/RXA)



21

41 Internal Use

S4/4/4 2CDUS4/4/4 2CDU

Duplexer

Distributor Distributor Distributor Distributor Combiner Combiner

Duplexer

42 Internal Use

Lightning Arrester is used to

prevent the equipment from

being damaged by the

lightening current inducted

by the core line of the feeder

f eeder

jumper

Lightning Arrester Lightning Arrester

Lightning Arrester



22

43 Internal Use

Types of Main Feeder Types of Main Feeder

7/8 inch

Cable loss=0.043dB/m

5/4 inch

Cable loss=0.032dB/m

1/2 inch jumper

Cable loss=0.11dB/m

Used between the antenna and the main feeder

Between the antenna and the tower-top amplifier Between the cabinet and the lightning arrester

44 Internal Use

Antenna PatternAntenna Pattern

The antenna pattern describes the radiating abilities of antennas in all

directions

360¡

Omni Antenna Directional antenna

120¡ 90¡ 65¡ ã



45 Internal Use

PolarizationPolarization

Two main types of polarization

Vertical polarization

Horizontal polarization

The types of antenna divided by polarization

Single polarized antenna

Vertical polarization for GSM

One port for one feeder

Dual polarized antenna

+45 degree and -45 degree

Two ports for two feeders

Huawei Confidential. All Rights Reserved

GSM BTS312 Hardware Structure ISSUE4.0

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