Gsm Architecture Gtr

8/9/2019 Gsm Architecture Gtr

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loballobalystem forystem for

obile Communicationsobile Communications

GGSS

MM NETWORKARCHITECTURE

BY

K.RAJENDRA PRASADDE(RTTC),HYDERABAD


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Objective of This Lecture

At the end of the lecture the participant will be able to Know:

Concepts of GSM

Components of GSM

Architecture of GSM

Call processing in mobile communications

Services provided in GSM


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Objectives Of Mobile Communications

Objectives Of Mobile Communications

Anytime Anywhere

Mobility & Roaming

High capacity & subs. density

Efficient use of radio spectrum Seamless Network Architecture

Low cost

Flexibility

Innovative Services

Standard Interfaces


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Land-Line connectivity

Mobile Connectivity

DP Pillar Cabinet

Tele.

Exchange

CabinetPillarDP

BSC MSC BSC

BTS BTS


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GSMNetworkStructure

GSM Service Area: Total area served by the

combination of all member countries where a mobilecan be served.

PLMN Service Area:It is one N/W area.

MSC Service Area:There can many MSC/VLR in onePLMN area.It is one Mobile Exch. Area.

GMSC: All I/C calls for PLMN N/W will be routedthrough GMSC. In a GSM/PLMN N/W all mobileterminated calls will be routed to a Gateway MSC.Call connections between PLMNs , or to fixed N/Wsmust be routed to a GMSC.The GMSC contains the

Inter working functions to make these connections. Location Area

Cells


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LOCATION AREA:There are several LA in a MSC/VLRcombination A LA is a part of the MSC/VLR service area in

which a MS may move freely without updating location

information to the MSC/VLR exchange that control the LA.

Within a LA a paging message is broadcast in order to find

the called mobile subs. LA can be identified by system usingthe LAI.

CELL.A cell is an identity served by one BTS. The MS

distinguishes between cells using the BASE STATION

IDENTIFICATION CODE(BS

IC) that the cell site broadcastover the air.


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GSMRelation between areas in GSM

Location AreaCell

Area served by a BTS

Location AreaMSC Service AreaPLMN Service Area

GSM Service Area


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System Architecture

Functional Architecture broadly divided into six parts:

Mobile Station.

Base Station Subsystem (BSS).

Network Switching Subsystem (NSS).

Operation and Maintenance Subsystem.

Enhanced Services System

Billing and Customer Care System


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GSM Network Overview

MEME

SIMSIMSIMSIM

BTS

BTS

BSC

BSC

MSC

HLR

EIR

VLR

AuC

MobileStation Base Station Subsystem Network Subsystem

PSTN

Um Abis

A

OMC


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The SIM

SIM is classified on the basis of:

Operating voltage.

RAM capacity.

Operating Voltages:

3V and 5V.

RAM Capacity:

8K, 16K, 32Kand 64K


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SIM

SubscriberIdentification Module (SIM)

Smart Card a single chip computer containing OS, File

System, Applications

Protected by PIN

Owned by operator (i.e. trusted)

SIM applications can be written with SIM Toolkit


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SIM Card

SIM Module

Unique Subscribers ID- IMSI

PIN(4 Digit Password) PUK(8DIGIT)

Key Ki,Kc and A3and A8 algorithms

Dual SIM to one MSISDN Mobility of the user


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BSS Connectivity

BSC

BTS

BTS

BTS

MSCXCDR


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Base TransceiverStation (BTS)

BTS houses the radio transceivers that define a cell.

CELL,SECTOR

Handles the radio-link protocols with the Mobile

Station Each BTS can support a number of transceivers

depending on the density of subscribers in the cell.

It is an interface to Base station controller and ME

It does the monitoring of flow of messages betweenBTS and mobile equipment


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Base TransceiverStation (BTS)


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Base Station Controller

BSC manages the radio resources for one or agroup of BTSs.

Handles radio-channel setup, frequency

hopping, handovers, and control of the RFpower levels.

Establishes connection between the mobilestation and the MSC.


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BSC

BTS

BTS

BTS

BTSBTS

BTS

BTS

XCDR MSC

Base Station Controller


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Network & Switching Subsystem

Manages the communication between the mobile usersand other users.

Provides all the functionality needed to handle a

mobile subscriber such as: Registration.

Authentication and security.

Location updating.

Handovers and

Routing to roaming subscribers.


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Visitor Location Register

In the Tyical architecture, each VLR corresponds to oneMSC, even though a VLR can hold data for one or severalMSCs of the same PLMN.

HoldsIMSI, M

SRN, HLR copy (

Sub data).

Temporary Mobile SubscriberIdentity (TMSI). Location Area Code (LAC) of MS.


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Authentication Centre

A protected database used for security purposes. Replicates the copy of the secret key (Authentication

Key Ki) stored in each subscribers SIM card.

Provides all the parameters needed for authenticationand encryption over radio channels.

Considered to be part of HLR.


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Technical Terms Used w.r.t. MM (Mobility Management )

IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity

IMSISDN Mobile Subscriber ISDN number

IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity

TMSI Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity

MSRN Mobile Subscriber Roaming Number

LAI Location Area Identity

A3 Authentication Algorithm

A5 Ciphering Algorithm

A8 Kc Generation Algorithm


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GSM Network Identities

1. MSISDN Mobile Subscriber ISDN number

Subscriber Related Identities -

CC NDC SN

Max. 15 digits

CC Country Code.NDC Network Destination Code.

SN Subscriber Number.

Eg 91-98100-12345


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2. IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity.

3. TMSI Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity

Subscriber Related Identities -

MCC MNC MSIN

Max. 15 digits

MCC Mobile Country Code.MNC Mobile Network Code.

MSIN Mobile Subscriber Identification Number.

GSM Network Identities

Equipment Related Identities -

1. IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity


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1. MSRN Mobile Subscriber Roaming Number

It is a temporary number used for routing the call to MS.

Format : MSRN = CC + NDC + SN

CC = Country Code

NDC = Network Destination Code

For example for Patna MSC in IMPCS network MSRN looks

like 91 98750 00100.

SN = Subscriber Number

Location Related Identities


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Location area consist of one or more than one cell which may

be served by one or more BSC s.

All the cells in a Location area are served by single VLR.

2. Location Area Identity (LAI ) -

Each location area in a GSM PLMN is identified by a Location

Area Identity ( LAI ).

Location Related Identities


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HLR

SS 7

BSC

MSC 2

VLR 1

VLR 2

BSC

BSC

BSC

LA 1

LA 2

LA 3

BTS

BTS

BTS

BTS

BTS

BTS

Location Area

MSC 1


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MS BTS BSC

BSSVLR

MSC

OMS

B&CCSEnhanced

Service

NodesPSTN

Other

MSCs

AirInterface

Voice PathSignalling Path

X

C

D

R

GSM Network Architecture

EIR

AuC

HLR

AuC

HLREIR


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Enhanced Services System

Unified Messaging Services (UMS)

Voice Mail (VM)

FAX Mail (FM)

E-Mail (EM)

Short Message Service (SMS)

Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)

Intelligent Network (IN)


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Billing & Customer Care System Mediation Device

Interconnect Billing Subsystem Billing Subsystem

Rating Module

Billing Module

Roaming settlement subsystem (Transfer of AccountProcedure)

CustomerService Module

Order Management Module

Smart Card Handling Module

Service Provisioning Subsystem

Networking Subsystem

Printing Subsystem

Customer Care (Remedy)


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Spectral Allocation in GSM

935-960 MHz

890-915 MHz


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Fixed to Mobile Call Routing

MSISDN say+91944700110

0

IMSI/TMSI

MSRN LAC

MSISDN MSRN

MSISDN IMSI/TMSI

VLR

PSTPST

NNMSC

HLR

BSS

BSS


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Fixed to Mobile Call Routing

MSISDN

MSISDN

MSISDN MSRN

MSRN IMSI/TMSI

IMSI/TMSIIMSI/TMSI

VLR

PSTPST

NN

MSC

HLR

MSC

BSS

BSS

BSS

BSS

(VISITED)

(HOME)

MSISDN

MSRN

MSRN


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sms MSC SMSC

SMS

9440000851

9440000111

SMS FLOW


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POS

T PAID

CALL FLOW

BTS BSC MSC BSC BTS


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Roaming: The roaming feature allows a user

to make and receive calls in any GSM network

and to use the same user-specific services

worldwide.This requires a roaming agreement

between the individual operators.With worldwide

roaming the MS is accessible under the same

phone number everywhere.

ROAMING


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NATIONAL ROAMING(POSTPAID)

M

S

AP SUB AT PUNE

9440000897 PUNE MSC

AP MSC

GW

TAX

AT PUNE

HYDTAX

M

S

9440000807

AT HYD

CDR WILL BE GENERATED

TRANSFERRED TO

HYD BILLING

CENTER

LANDLINE AT PUNE


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INTERNATIONAL ROAMING(POSTPAID)

M

S

AP SUB AT USA

9440000897SPICE

GW

AP MSC

GW

TAX

AT PUNE

HYD

TAXM

S

9440000807

AT HYD

CDR WILL BE GENERATED

TRANSFERRED TO

HYD BILLINGCENTER

LANDLINE AT PUNE

USA

NW


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Value Added Services

Voice Mail

Fax Mail

SMS (Short Message Service)160 char E Mail

WAP

STKMenu

OTA

Location Based Services


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GPRS1.General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) enabled networks

offer 'always-on', higher capacity, Internet-based content and

packet-based data services.ServingGPRS Support Node and Gateway GPRS Support Node,PCU

2. This enables services such as Internet browsing 170kbps,e-mail on the move, powerful visual communications,multimedia messages and location-based services.

3.GPRS, standing for General Packet Radio Service, is the "new,improved" way of passing data over a mobile phone network.

4. Until GPRS, the standard method of surfing the net, getting emails

or, most commonly, using WAP on a mobile phone was done using

the circuit-switched method - dialling up, staying online, then logging

off.5.GPRS allows for what has become known as "always on" data

connection for GSM mobile phones, allowing for faster WAP browsing,

web surfing and email.


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Multimedia Messaging

(MMS)

1.MMS, standing for Multimedia Messaging Service

2,it is regarded as the new SMS - an improvement on text messaging, addinganimation, images, sound and video.

3.MMS is also frequently referred to as Picture Messaging or Media Messaging

4. With an MMS phone YOU CAN AVAIL ALL THESE FACILITIES

Take digital photographs and store photographs on the Internet

Send and receive full colour picturesSend and receive voice clips

Add a text message to your picture

Purchase pictures and sounds from the Internet

Have enhanced polyphonic ringtones

5.The basic requirement is you should have an Instrument which will support

MMS

6. MMS runs over GPRS. You normally need to subscribe to a GPRStariff, and have 'Media Messaging' enabled by your network operator.


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What is an EDGE ?

EDGE : Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution - known as EDGE*.

ADVANTAGE :

1.This will achieve the delivery of advanced mobile servicessuch as the downloading of video and music clips, full multimedia messaging,high-speed Internet access and e-mail on the move at a data rate of upto384kbps.

2 EDGE (or Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution) is a 3G technologythat delivers broadband-like data speeds to mobile devices.

3.It allows consumers to connect to the Internet and send and receive data,including digital images, web pages and photographs, three times faster thanpossible with an ordinary GSM/GPRS network.

4. EDGE enables GSM operators to offer higher-speed mobile-data access,serve more mobile-data customers, and free up GSM network capacity toaccommodate additional voice traffic.


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Enhanced Data for Global Evolution(EDGE)

1.A technology that gives GSM the capacity to handleservices for the third generation of mobile telephony.

2. EDGE provides three times the data capacity of GPRS.Using EDGE, operators can handle three times moresubscribers than GPRS; triple their data rate per

subscriber, or add extra capacity to their voicecommunications.

3.EDGE uses the same TDMA (Time Division MultipleAccess) frame structure, logic channel and 200kHz carrierbandwidth as today's GSM networks, which allowsexisting cell plans to remain intact.


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THANKYOU ALL FOR

PATIENT HEARING

A PRESENTATION

BYK.RAJENDRA PRASAD

DE(OP) CellOne, Vijayawada

Gsm Architecture Gtr

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