Gseb Ss Summary Ch 2 Cultural Heritage

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Unit – 2 Cultural Heritage of India: Handicraft

Synopsis

Heritage is what is passed on from one generation to another. India heritage is divided into

cultural and natural heritage. The result of the close relation between nature, environment and

human life is natural heritage. It includes features like mountains, forests, deserts, rivers,

streams, seas, trees, plants, creepers, flowers, insects etc. The physical and mentalcharacteristics that a child inherits from the parents by birth is known as ‘genetic inheritance’.

The estates, land, properties, assets that a child inherits from the parents are called ‘material

heritage’.

Clay Work: Before the invention of metal, clay things were used. Toys, pots, pitchers,

earthen lamps, clay wares were made by the potter to store grains, milk, ghee, curd and

buttermilk. The walls of the houses, kubas clay hut! and streets were made of clay. "emains

of ancient Harappan pottery work are found at #alibangan "a$asthan!. %tensils were made

of

unbaked clay as well as baked clay terracotta!.

Weaving :&uslin of 'haka was so fine that a Taka of the cloth could easily pass through

a ring and could be ad$usted in a matchbo(. ‘)alicha’ carpets!, Bandhani of "a$asthan,

#an$ivaram *aree of *outh India and the #ashmiri cloth having ‘#asab’ work were famous.

'uring the reign of *iddhra$ +aisingh many artisans weavers! came and settled in atan and

wove atolas for more than -/. The atola silk sarees are woven with Bevad Ikat in such a

manner that it can be worn on either sided. It has a lot of variety and durability. Bandhani of

"a$asthan and +amnagar, +etpur, Bhu$ and &andavi in )u$arat are very popular. It has

beautiful designs of elephant, puppet and dice.

Embroidery0 1mbroidery and weaving is a small2scale industry for )u$arati women. It has

subdivisions of silk2work, 3ri2bharat thread work. 4omen make Torans, 5hakla wall2

pieces!,

*hakh, ‘Todaliya’ and bed sheets. 5lothes were decorated with various pictures of birds. The

embroidery works of ‘+at’ 5ommunity of Banni area of #utch is world famous.

eat!er Industry0 In ancient times leather was used for making ‘&ashak leather bag forfetching water!, the bellows used by blacksmiths, shoes, purses, belts, leather straps for pets

were used widely. 6eather was tanned traditionally. 4ell knitted ‘&o$adi’ of "a$asthan are

famous. 7arious articles are also made of horse and camel leather like saa$, palan and lagaam.

"ead#$ork 0 earls and beads are found in plenty due to the surrounding seas of India. The

world famous diamond ‘#ohinoor’ is found from India. 'iamond studded ornaments are the

most precious. "ubies, beads, 1merald and Topa8 were used to adorn the thrones and crowns

of kings and $ewellery. Bead2work is prominent feature of )u$arat. eople make beautiful

bead

Torans’ ‘achhit’ the hind wall of house!, ‘Bari door2grills2frames! ‘5hakla’ a traditional

wall piece! 6agna na 9ariyel artificial coconut prepared with beads! ‘Indhoni’, ‘&odiya’ a net




which covers the mouth of a bullock! horns and hand fans with a an embroidered border

cloth.

Enamel Work: India is the only country in the world where e(pertise can be seen in enamel

4ork. It deals with the inlay of :&eena’ in gold and silver ornaments. The enamel work of

+aipur, 'elhi in famous in red and green, while 7aranasi for pink and Hyderabad is known for its black enamel work.

%ari $ork:The $ari work on sarees and other garments of *urat is very famous. *urat is als

famous for 3$rakhwork, Batikkam, knitting and embroidery +ardoshi work.

&etal Work 'Engravery(: *ince *tone 3ge, people used to make weapons form flint. In

different ages, Bron8e 3ge, &ental 3ge and Iron 3ge ; for their daily needs, things were

made out of bron8e, metal and iron. 4ater pots, various utensils and idols were made.

Wooden )rt:Wood is an integral part of !uman life* Intricately carved designs are done

on $ood and in +lac#$ork,*-!e states of .u/arat0 1a/ast!an and our neig!bouring

country epal are famous for $ood $ork* -!e $ood$ork at Somnat! '3rab!aspatan( is

more t!an 456 years old and it confirms to all t!e principles of 7aastu S!astra

'arc!itecture(* -!ere is a variety of furniture like "a/ot! 'lo$ level stool used on

auspicious occasions(0 s$ings0 cup#boards found in places like Idar0 Sidd!pur and

Sank!eda*

Inlay Work: Inlay work is a very ancient art. It is done on gold +ewellery and *tatues and it

is famous in India and abroad. <or the inlay diamond and and other precious stones and metal

are used. Bikaner in "a$asthen is famous for inlay ornaments. The inlay work in done in

$ewellery like rings, necklaces, 'amniTiko!, 5huni nosepin!, nose rings, #undal 1arrings!,#ap 1arrings!.

%ade and )kik Work:*ince the *tone 3ge, people used to make *tone2 weapons from flint.

3gate is a precious stone found from the river valleys. It is a 5halcedonic silica mi(ed!

stone, blue or white in colour, formed by the atmospheric changes and reactions with water.

*ilica is formed due to the changes in atmosphere and water. In )u$arat, agate is polished

in #hambhat and found in 3hmedabad, "anpur and *urat.

3ainting0 It is the foremost of all art forms. It is e(pressed through lines and colours. Its aim

is to e(press human emotions by imitating the animate and in animate ob$ects of nature

through lines and colours. In 7ishnupuran, it is said that painting is like *umeru amongst the

mountains, the eagle amongst the birds and the king amongst the people. 1vidence provesthat the ancient Indian art of painting was also found nearly /// years ago. The Harappan

people used to draw geometrical lines, creepers and flowers on clay utensils. 5ave painting of

primitive man of the *tone 3ge are found at Bhim Betka &.! there are figures of elephant,

rhinoceros, deer in them. The paintings and sculptures of 3$anta21llora are incomparable*

&usic : Indian &usic is different from the music of other countries from the point of view of

tune, rhythm and harmony. It involves singing and playing and is divided into classical and

folk. It has five main ragas2 *hree, Bhairavi, 'eepak, Hindol and &egha. These ragas are

believed to have come from the :anchmukh’ of 6ord *hiva. The :*amveda’ is called

)angotri of Indian music and is an important source to study the development of Indian

music.)ncient -e8ts on music:




Sangeet &akrand2 written by scholar 9arad around =// B5. It describes >= types of 7eena

and >/> rhythms.

Sangeet 1atnakar2 written by undit *arangdev of 'aulatabad who was familiar with both

*outh and 9orth Indian &usic. undit 7ishnu 9arayan Bhatkande has called it the most

authentic book on music which helps to understand all aspects of music.

Sangeet 3ari/at ; written by undit 3hobalein >??, describing the 9orth Indian type ofmusic. He has each raga and @= types of tunes.

9t!er important &usicians#

3mir #hushroo, the famous poet and musician during the time of 3llaudin #hil$i was known

as Tuti2e2Hindarrot of India!. 'uring the Bhakti &ovement of the >th and >?th 5entury, the

bha$ans and holy songs of 5haitanya &ahaprabhu, #abir, Tuslidas, &irabai, 9arsinh &ehta

were popular. The disciples of *wami Haridas2 Bai$u Bawra and Tansen were famous.

ance :

)* "!aratnatyam: lace 2 Tan$ore2Tamilnadu. Ariginal *ource 2 9atyashastra by

Bharatmuni, 3bhinav 'arpan by 9andikeshwar. 'ancers 2 &rinalini *arabhai, 7ai$anti &ala

and Hema &alini.

"* ;uc!ipudi 0 lace 2 3ndhra radesh. *pecialty 2 similar to Bharatnatyam

'ancers 2 )uru rahlad *harma, "a$a "eddy and *hobha 9aidu

C* ;at!akali: lace ; #erala. *pecialty ; dance related to stories like battle between "am

and "avana, 9al2'amyanti, +atayayuvadh, colourful costumes, pompous presentations,

pleated attires and crowns.

* ;at!ak: *pecialty2 'ance of the 7aishnav community developed with *hringar bhakti of

*hr #rishna. The dance form believes in :#athan kare so kathak kahave’. "evived by2 9awab

4a$id 3li *hah of 6ucknow. 'ancers ; )opikrishna and Bir$u &ahara$.

E* &anipuri# *pecialty2 gives importance to costume, e(pression, rhythm and dances are

related to #rishna 6ila. The &anipuri dancers wear a pleated green coloured petticoat called:#umin’. They wear a silk blouse and a belt around the waist.

<* 9dissi # 5lassical dance of Arissa

rama:It has the capacity to entertain both the literate and illiterate. Bhas0 He is considered

the poet of poets amongst them!. He has given us > dramas like ‘#arnabhaar’,

‘%rubhanga’, ‘'utvakyam’. ‘ratigna Cogendrayanam’ and ‘*wapnavasvadattam’. His

dramas e(press 7ir, *hrinagar and *hant "asa. He was influenced by &ahabharat. #alidas 0

He is the first name in the field of Indian *anskrit literature. His famous dramas are written in

7aidharbhi form. His dramas are 73&! 7ikramovarshiyam, 3bhignan *hakuntalam and

&alvikagnimitram. Bhavbhuti0 He has written three dramas, which include &ahavir

5haritam, &altimadhav, %ttaramcharit.

Gseb Ss Summary Ch 2 Cultural Heritage

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