Revolts against Economic Imposition

By Grupo Anti Polo and Bandala

By Justin Tan

333 YEARS

• RELIGION – Desire to return to animism

• POLITICAL

• OBJECTION AGAINST ECONOMIC POLICIES

• AGRARIAN issues

• PERSONAL GRIEVANCES

• Our group, ANTI POLO AND BANDALA, will be reporting on the revolts aginst Economic impositions.

ECONOMIC POLICIES

ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM – the first economic policy that granted

the Spanish conquistadores the right to collect tribute in certain

territory.

POLO Y SERVICIO - forced labor; all men from 16-60 years old

had to render polo y servicio for 40 days in one year.

BANDALA – compulsory sale of products to the government

TRIBUTES AND OTHER TAXES – Symbolized one’s recognition

of

the authority of the King of Spain.

MONOPOLY and GALLEON TRADE

LAND GRABBING FOR THE HACIENDA SYSTEM

By Lara Villagacia

REVOLT of MAGALAT

1589 – Magalat of Cagayan launched

a revolt against the collection of tribute

by the Spaniards. The revolt ended

when Magalat was killed by Filipinos

who were hired by the Spaniards to kill

him.

REVOLTS AGAINST POLO AND BANDALA

The government thenincurred a large debton the Pamapangosafter it requisitiontheir rice harvest. Inthe end, the Spanishgovernment utilizedthe help of JuanMacapagal, a formerchief of Arayat, tosuppress the revolt.

By Anika King

REVOLTS OF MALONG AND ALMAZAN

Simultaneous with the Maniago revolt was theAndres Malong rebellion in Pangasinan.Malong’s revolt was also rooted over theabuses of polo y servicio and it soon spread toIlocos, Zambales and Cagayan. Due hisnumerous followers, he declared himself kingof Pangasinan and allowed his military leadersto take command of other places. His revoltended when he and his followers werecaptured and killed by the Spaniards. Malong’srevolt was followed by Pedro Almazan’s revoltin Ilocos. Almazan declared himself king ofIlocos. However, the Spaniard were also ableto crush his revolt.

JUAN DELA CRUZ PALARIS REBELLION

In the 18th century, revolts continued to spread in Pangasinan, Ilocos and neighboringplaces. Juan dela Cruz Palaris led the revolt in Pangasinan against the collection of tribute of Alcalde Mayor Joaquin Gambao. The governement removed Gamboa from his post and the revolt had been pacified.

By Sam Javelosa

The British Siege of Manila

The British occupation of Manila was a result of thewar between France and Great Britain. This is knownas “The Seven Years War” which lasted from 1756-1763. This was partly due to the two countries’struggle for power over India and North America.Since Spain sided with France, Great Britainattacked the Spaniards in Manila.

Inspired by the British

When the British attacked Manila in September of1762, Diego was there waiting for the galleon that would be arriving from Mexico. At that time, Philippines was being governed by a friar, Archbishop Manuel Rojo. The colony lacked able leadership and in addition, the British were far superior. The defeat of the Spaniards was witnessed by Diego Silang which led him to believe that Spain was not that powerful after all. He planned to challenge the authority of Spain in Ilocos. His revolt inspired people from neighboringparts of Northern Ilocos to revolt also and Silang was able to temporarily wrestle power in Ilocosfrom the Spaniards.

Who is Diego Silang?

Diego Silang y Andaya (December 16, 1730 – May 28, 1763)

was a revolutionary leader who conspired with British forces to

overthrow Spanish rule in the northern Philippines and establish

an independent Ilocano nation. His revolt was fueled by

grievances stemming from Spanish taxation and abuses, and by

his belief in self-government, that the administration and

leadership of the Roman Catholic Church and government in the

Ilocos be invested in trained Ilocano officials.

Though Silang initially wanted to replace Spanish functionaries in

the Ilocos with native-born officials and volunteered to head

Ilocano forces against the British, desperate Spanish

administrators instead transferred their powers to the Catholic

Bishop of Nueva Segovia (Vigan), who rejected Silang's offer.

Silang's group attacked the city and imprisoned its priests. He

then began an association with the British who appointed him

governor of the Ilocos on their behalf and promised him military

reinforcement. The British force never materialized.

By Ernest Hilado

Why was Silang’s revolt significant?

Diego Silang’s revolt was significant because even for a short period of time, he was able to liberate Ilocos from the Spaniards. When the Spaniards handed over Manila to the British, Silang assumed that Spanisgcolonialism was no longer legitimate in all parts of the colony. Because of this, he agued that the collection of tribute and polo y servicio were no longer legitimate. He also insisted that Ilocos be governed by a Filipino.

The story of Silang showed his role as one of the early advocates of Filipino nationalism.

Death and Legacy

Diego Silang was killed by one of his friends, a Spanish-Ilocano mestizo named Miguel Vicos, whom church authorities paid to assassinate Silangwith the help of Pedro Becbec. He was 32 years old.

After Silang's death, his Spanish-Ilocana mestiza wife, Josefa Gabriela, took command of the revolt and fought courageously. The Spanish sent a strong force against her. She was forced to retreat to Abra. Gabriela led her troops towards Vigan but was driven back. She fled again to Abra, where she was captured. Gabriela and her men were summarily hanged on September 20, 1763; she being hanged the last.

By Clarence Siason

The Basi Revolt

In 1807, another revolt took place in

Ilocos. This was a reaction to the

monopoly on wine implemented by

the Spaniards. The basi or sugarcane

wine was the native wine in Ilocos.

The Spaniards forced the Ilocanos to

sell their basi to the colonial

government. They were also

prohibited from drinking their own

native wine. If they wanted to have a

taste of their basi, they were ordered

to buy from the stores owned by the

Spanish government. This led to the

outbreak of the “basi revolt”.

Sumuroy’s Revolt

In the Visayas, Agustin

Samuroy led the revolt on

Samar in 1649 – 1650. The

revolt was against polo y

sercivio. Governor General

Fajardo polistas (the ones who

render polo y sercivio) from

Visayas to be brought to Cavite

for galleon building. The revolt

spread to Albay, Camarines,

Cebu, Masbate, and northern

Mindanao but it was defeated

by the Spanish forces.

By Justin Tan

• A. USA and Japan

• B. Russia and USA

• C. France and Great

Britain

• D. Spain and Great

Britain

• A. The hundred year

war

• B. World War 1

• C. World War 2

• D. The Seven Years

War

• A. Agustin Sumuroy

• B. Diego Silang

• C. Francisco Maniago

• D. Pedro Almazan

• A. saki

• B. lambanog

• C. tuba

• D. basi

• A. Gabriela Silang

• B. Melchora Aquino

• C. Gregoria de Jesus

• D. Leonora Rivera

• A. to liberate the

region

• B. due to monopoly on

wine

• C. against polo and

bandala

• D. return to animism

• A. the Spaniards

• B. the British

• C. the French

• D. the Portuguese

• A. the Spaniards

• B. the British

• C. the French

• D. the Portuguese

• A. the growth of businesses of Filipinos

• B. opening of trade with other countries

• C. deaths of many heroes

• D. further impoverished the lives of the Filipinos

• A. Agustin Sumuroy

• B. Marvin Agustin

• C. Juan dela Cruz Palaris

• D. Joaquin Gamboa

• A. Palaris and Sumuroy

• B. Magalat and Maniago

• C. Malong and Almazan

• D. Vicos and Becbec

Grupo Anti Polo and Bandala

Grade 5 - Cream