Growing - mtagbiz.org · MABA 2019 Board Members Arleen Rice President Hi-Line Chemical/Taylor...

CHALLENGE:HOURS OFSERVICE

PORTS OF ENTRYHOURS

THREATENED

2019LEGISLATIVE

UPDATE

Growing Montana

SPRING 2019

A Publication ofMONTANA AGRICULTURAL BUSINESS ASSOCIATION

MABAOBJECTIVES:• To encourage the proper use of all

pesticides, plant food, seeds and

other agricultural products.

• To promote educational

programs to bring together

those who are associated with

the aforementioned practices

and uses.

• To provide a means for an

exchange of information and

ideas among persons associated

with agricultural business.

• To encourage and

support research and

educational programs.

• To cooperate with local, state,

regional and national agencies,

both public and private, in the

solution of problems and/or

in the proposal of legislation

relating to all such practices.

• To sponsor desirable laws and

law changes that would be

beneficial to the Association and

its members.

• To serve as a clearing house for

the legislative requests of various

organizations regarding programs

affecting the Association.

President’s Message ........................................................... 3

MABA Board of Directors .................................................... 4

Ag Day at Capitol ................................................................ 6

Grappling with Growth of Hemp Industry .......................... 7

Congressional Delegation Comments ................................. 8

Legislative Update .............................................................10

Pam Langley Memorial Scholarship ..................................14

Points to Ponder: Convention Ideas ...................................17

Challenge with Hours of Service ........................................18

Montana Ports of Entry Hours Threatened ........................19

8 Reasons for Unwanted Herbicide Residue ...................... 20

Operation Pollinator ......................................................... 22

Techniques to Improve Spray Productivity ....................... 24

EPA - Paraquat Dichloride ................................................ 26

Fertilizer Assessment Fund .............................................. 29

Making Nutrient Mgmt Planning Compliance a Reality .... 30

Convention Recap ............................................................. 32

Adjusting for Wet and Cold Soil ........................................ 34

Calendar of Events ......................................................35-36TA

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CONTACT INFORMATION:Montana Agricultural Business Assoc.PO Box 7325Helena, MT 59604(406) 227-3523 (p)(406) 227 -3745 (f )[email protected]

Krista Lee EvansBlake Creek Project Management, Inc.PO Box 7325Helena, MT 59604(406) 439-2215

www.facebook.com/MontanaAgriculturalBusinessAssociation/#

2 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL BUSINESS ASSOCIATION

A Message from the PresidentOn behalf of The Montana Agricultural Business Association Board of Directors, Staff, and myself I would like to thank-you for participating in another successful convention and tradeshow in Great Falls this past January. Without your personal participation, and financial inputs we could not host the quality of educational and training experience we do. Your sponsorships, and personal involvement truly make the difference. I was approached by several of our members, out of state vendors, and industry representatives that they are extremely im-pressed by the professional training and attitude of our organization. And after all, that is what MABA is about, enhancing professional and personal devel-opment opportunities for our membership. Again thank-you no matter how big or how small your input is to our organization it makes a difference.

As we approach what could be a challenging spring for our industry, be reminded of the important role each of you play in getting the job done of feeding the world. We are the voice, the catalyst of information to growers who are looking for the tools and encouragement to work in a challenging industry. Make sure we are setting a great example of professionalism and stewardship. Encourage safety, self-care, and using the products we provide to them according to the label. Take time to nurture those important relationships with your customers so they know that they are important, and that their livelihood and success are your ultimate goals. Taking care of yourself is paramount as well, take the time to reflect on the job that you do, and ask yourself, “Am I doing what I can to promote best use practices, for care of the environment, and the people I help in their operations?”

We will convene again in July to start planning for next year’s conven-tion we need to hear from you on what topics or speakers you would like to hear. This is your organization, we work diligently to keep our eye on State and National legislative issues, regulations, and educational opportunities. Please contact me at [email protected] or 265-0918 if you have requests or ideas for convention and of our board. I’m super impressed with the current board’s level of dedication, professionalism and experience. We all have strengths in some area of our industry to bring expertise to decision making. If you have issues in your area that are affecting your ability to conduct business please let us know, we are willing to go to work for you no matter how big or small the issue is. Stay safe out there this growing season, we wish you much success, the very backbone of our agriculture community relies on our efforts. ■

Arlene Rice

PresidentMontana Agricultural Business Association

Arleen Rice, PresidentHi-Line Chemical, Havre406-265-2294 (o) • [email protected]

Luke Dighans, Vice PresidentPro Co-op Ag Center, Scobey 406-487-2742 (o) • [email protected]

Johnnie Scott, SecretarySyngenta Crop Protection • Great Falls(406) 453-5004 (o) • [email protected]

Seth Keas, TreasurerCorteva Agriscience, Laurel(785) 737-6234 (o) • [email protected]

Joel FarkellCENTROL Crop Consulting, Brady406-753-2220 (o) • [email protected]

Chris BargeFMC, Belgrade406-380-0505 (c) • [email protected]

Dan BrattainHelena Agri Enterprises, Great Falls406-781-0530(o) • [email protected]

Don SoperCHS Big Sky, Havre406-265-2275 (o) • [email protected]

Burl Brawley Helena Agri Enterprises, Great Falls406-216-2100 (o) • [email protected]

Jake YatesNutrien, Billings(406) 696-7942 (c) • [email protected]

Ryan HelmerWilbur Ellis, Vaughn406-650-1134 (c) • [email protected]

Tanner R. HoverslandMoore Farmers Oil, Moore406-374-2555 (o) • [email protected]

Dr. Sreekala Bajwa, Ex-OfficioVice President of Agriculture, MSU, Bozeman406-994-3681 (o) • [email protected]

Dr. Clain Jones, Ex-OfficioMontana State University, Bozeman 406-994-6076 (o) • [email protected]

Krista Lee Evans, Executive DirectorMABA, Helena406-227-3523 (o) 406-439-2215 (c)[email protected]

MONTANA AGRICULTURAL BUSINESS ASSOCIATION

2019 BOARD OF DIRECTORS

mtagbiz.org @maba_ag facebook.com/MontanaAgriculturalBusinessAssociation 3

MABA 2019 Board MembersArleen Rice PresidentHi-Line Chemical/Taylor AviationManager of Hi-line Chemical/Taylor Aviation in Havre Montana. Arleen is an alumni of the University of Montana and Montana State University Northern with a Bachelors degree in Business with a minor in Ag. Arleen has served as president of MABA previously in 2003, been active on

the Biotech and Legislative committee’s. She owns a farm in North Havre, her husband Ed manages Frontline Ag Solutions in Havre. Her daughter is pursuing her Doctorate at MSU Bozeman and is also teaching there, and her son is a Border Patrolman, and also a Drill Sargent in the Army Na-tional Guard. Love of agriculture and protecting its success is paramount in all aspects of her life.

Luke Dighans, Vice President Pro Co-op Ag CenterLuke grew up on his family’s farming operation near Peerless and graduated high school in Scobey, MT. He started college at MSU-Bozeman in Crop Science and then transferred to the University of Minneso-ta to finish a B.S. in Agronomy in 2008. After school, Luke was employed with the

CHS-Eastern MT group as an agronomist, location manager, and sales manager for 6 years before returning to his home area in 2014 to join Grain Growers based in Scobey. He is currently the Agronomy Division Manager and a CCA for PRO Co-op (after a Grain Growers merger in 2014), serving much of NE Montana. Luke enjoys snowmobiling, sports, traveling, and spending time with his fiancé Paula and kids Natalie and Mallory.

Johnnie Scott, SecretarySyngenta Crop ProtectionJohnnie Scott works in northern MT as a sales rep for Syngenta Crop Protection. He holds a bachelor’s degree in Agribusiness from Texas A&M-Commerce. Although a native Texan, Johnnie is very passionate about Montana Agriculture. He has been fortunate to work in the industry across

several states including: Texas, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Montana. He is always up for new challenges, and works diligently to promote and advance agriculture.

Seth Keas, TreasurerCorteva Agriscience Seth was raised on a farm and ranch in Northwest Kansas where his family raised wheat, sorghum, sunflowers, corn and soy-beans in addition to running 250 commer-cial cows. Seth was active in 4-H and FFA while in school. Seth received his Associates in Agribusiness from Butler Community College in El Dorado, KS. He then transferred to Kansas State University where he received Bachelors Degrees in Animal Science as well as Ag Economics with a business minor. Seth now lives in Laurel, MT with his wife and two children where he works for Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont as a Territory Manager for their crop protection portfolio.

Chris BargeFMCPrecisionPac Product Manager – US, FMC; Former Sales & Marketing Manager and Fi-nancial Manager, CHS; Bachelor of Science in Agriculture from University of Georgia; Board Member of MABA; Board Member of MABF; Executive Board Member of Ferst Readers – Madison, GA; Board member of Ferst Readers for Childhood Literacy – Great Falls; Board member of Early Childhood Coalition – Great Falls.

Joel FarkellCENTROL Crop ConsultingJoel Farkell is an independent crop consul-tant with CENTROL,LLC located in Brady and Conrad, MT. Joel owns CENTROL with his dad Jeff Farkell. Joel also owns Golden Triangle Property Serivces, LLC providing lawn/lot and small acreage spray-ing and fertilizer as well as snow removal. Joel has past retail experience as an Agronomy Manager for CHS, Inc. and Mountain View Coop. Joel is a Certified Crop Adviser and chemical applicator. Joel has a Bachelor’s degree in Agricultural Business Management from Montana State University. Joel has been on the MABA Board of Direc-tors since 2008 and was the 2014 President.

Joel lives in Conrad, Montana with his wife Kody and their 2 daughters Jaidyn and Kendra. Joel has been a member of the Conrad Volunteer Fire Department since 2006. In his “free time” Joel enjoys doing anything out doors with his family.


Dan BrattainHelena Agri-Enterprises llcDan grew up in Great Falls Montana helping on his family’s ranch and graduated from CMR High School in 2007. He at-tended Montana State University-Bozeman from 2007-2012 and graduated with a B.S. in Agriculture Business and a minor in eco-nomics. After college Dan worked for CHS

in Kalispell as an agronomy sales representative from 2012 to the end of 2014. At the beginning of 2015 he started at Kernaghan’s Service, Inc. in Great Falls as their agronomy sales representative. At the beginning of 2019 Kernaghan’s Service was acquired by Helena Agri-Enterprises LLC. Dan is currently still the agronomy sales representative for Helena Agri-Enterprises Great Falls retail and is helping on his fami-ly ranch with both his parents, wife, and new born daughter Teagan.

Burl BrawleyHelena Agri Enterprises LLC Burl was born and raised in Great Falls MT. He has spent most of his career in the Ag Industry in Montana. Burl has worked in Ag Chemical retail and the majority of his career has been spent in the Wholesale Ag Chem-ical Business. Burl has spent time as a Truck Driver, Logistics Manager, Outside sales and

most recently he is the Location Sales Coordinator for Helena Agri Enterprises LLC at their new facility in Great Falls MT.

Jake YatesNutrien, USAJake is a Sales Manager at Nutrien, where he is responsible for wholesale fertilizer sales in MT, S. ID, UT and WY.

Before starting with Nutrien he spent time as a sales rep for Agrium, an agronomy location manager for CHS and Town & Country Supply and also as a CES (Certi-

fied Energy Specialist) at Town & Country Supply.

Jake is from Chinook, MT (GO Sugar Beeters!) and a gradu-ate of Montana State University (Go CATS!!).

Tanner HoverslandMoore Farmers OilTanner was born and raised on a farming family in Scobey, Mt and graduated Scobey High School in 1996. Attended

Carroll College and graduated with a B.A. in History, then continuing his education at Montana State University-Bozeman receiving a B.S. in Agricultural Econom-ics. Tanner worked for the J.R. Simplot Company for five years in Caldwell, ID and Grand Forks, ND. Yearning to be closer to family, Tanner accepted an Agronomist/Sales position with Moore Farmers Oil in 2008 and is currently the Agronomy Manager. Tanner lives in Lewistown with his wife Kelsi and their son Keegan.

Ryan HelmerWilbur EllisRyan grew up in Minnesota before study-ing AgBusiness at Montana State. He then farmed and ranched fulltime for 6 years south of Wolf Point. Ryan started working for Wilbur-Ellis Company in 2012 after a short stint at Agland Coop in Wolf Point. Ryan specializes in Precision Agronomy and Field Technology. Ryan lives north of Sun River with my wife Megan and daughters Grace, Paige and Claire. His family raises black angus cattle with partners in the Geral-dine area. Ryan and his family love to hunt, fish, spend time outdoors and enjoy Montana agriculture.

NEW BOARD MEMBERDon SoperCHS Big SkyDon was born and raised in Larslan MT, a little community south east of Opheim MT where My family farmed and ranched. Don graduated from Opheim High School in 1989. Don then decided to see the country, and started a stint on the custom harvesting circuit with my uncle’s combining busi-ness. After 3 years Don moved back to Montana to start his agronomy career. He went to work for Valco Agri-Services in Glasgow Mt., in 1993.

Don moved to Havre the summer of 1995, and started working for an independent agronomy company. After spending 14 years there, Don moved on in his endeavors, and started a new job in agronomy sales for CHS in 2009, where he is currently residing.

His wife has been a school teacher in Box Elder since 1998. Hobbies include, camping, and spending as much time as possible at our family cabin in Eureka. ■


Ag Day at the CapitolBy Tanner Hoversland

On March 20th, 2019 I had the good fortune to at-tend the Ag Week Luncheon in the capitol rotunda. Hosted by the Montana Department of Agriculture and Montana agriculture industry, there were over a dozen booths representing multiple facets of agricul-ture industry within Montana. It had been nearly 20 years since I had the opportunity to visit the capitol during a Legislative session, and to say I was im-pressed would be an understatement.

After Chris, Joel, Dan, Janet, Krista and I set up the MABA booth we had the opportunity to mingle around the rotunda and visit with many of the other organizations. Montana ag producers and businesses, who support the industry, are in good hands. Vis-iting with those who staffed the booths, I found all to be very engaging and passionate about not only their specific organization but Montana agriculture in general. This unquestionably includes those who represented MABA at the luncheon.

The luncheon not only provided us the opportunity to interact with other ag related organizations, but also with members of the legislature and staffers of the different governmental depart-ments. We all took the time to connect with several legislators and impress upon them the work we do for our members and how those members impact not only agriculture in Montana, but the states economy as

well. Specifically, Dan and I were able to steal a mo-ment with the Department of Agriculture’s Director, Ben Thomas to impress upon him how important it is to our members that his department work with the Governor’s office to obtain an executive order temporarily exempting certain carriers from hours of service to help meet fertilizer demands in the spring of 2019. With the lingering snow cover and soggy field conditions, it is evident that #plant19 is going to be a wild ride. The temporary exemption will undoubtedly assist our members and therefore pro-ducers across the state. I would like to thank Casey Lily with Ag West who brought this to our attention last year.

The capital is a beehive of activity and it takes many people to make it run as smoothly and effectively as it does. Rather than looking like a kindergarten spring program it has the look and feel of a cho-

reographed ballet. I would like to thank all those whose job it is to engineer the chaos and turn it into a streamlined efficient organization. I would also like thank the legislators who take an incredible amount of time away from their families, jobs, and normal responsi-bilities to ensure that Montana continues to be an agricultural friendly and pros-perous state. I look forward to attending again and helping advance agricultural in Montana. ■


Department Grapples With Growth of Montana Hemp IndustryHemp is a multi-purpose agricultural crop delivering seeds, fibers and bio-active chemicals for a number of uses and markets. Industrial hemp is defined in federal and Montana statute as Cannabis sativa L. that contains no more than 0.3% delta-9 tetrahydro-cannabinol (THC). Industrial hemp is authorized as an alternative agricultural crop by the Montana Leg-islature. In 2017 and 2018, approximately 525 and 21,700 acres, respectively, were grown in Montana under the 2014 Farm Bill’s Industrial Hemp Pilot Program. The 2018 Farm Bill transferred authority from the US Department of Drug Enforcement Agency to USDA and removed hemp from the Controlled Substance Act. However, the crop and its products are still regulated under state and federal regulations. Applications to license and grow hemp in Montana are open through May 1, 2019.

The Montana Department of Agriculture has been working since late 2018 to craft new regulations for a state hemp growing program, as required by the 2018 Farm Bill. In March, the Department submit-ted their proposed plan to USDA. You can view that plan, which includes the department’s proposed rules on the Department’s website at: https://agr.mt.gov/Industrial-Hemp.

Despite a clear mandate in the Farm Bill, USDA has indicated that it will not be approving any state plans until late 2019 (in time for the 2020 growing season). USDA has also indicated that states should move forward under their previous pilot programs. The Department’s biggest concern with operating under the pilot program is that it now lacks federal guidance on how to instruct growers to receive seed. The Montana Department of Agriculture does not prohibit the ordering and receiving of hemp seeds, whether foreign or domestic. However, there are additional permits required of the grower to receive foreign seeds as compared to last year and there are concerns with interstate commerce for domestic seeds in some states.

The Department is advising growers to work with li-censed seed dealers and seed label-ers, and growers should confirm the buyer of their crop is licensed and bonded as a Commodity Dealer, as applicable.

In terms of market potential, the 2019 outlook is mixed. With cannabidiol (CBD) production, Montana currently lacks a number of in-state pro-cessors that can process in large volumes, and the out-of-state market is largely dependent on interstate commerce that may or may not be encumbered by differing state regulations. With seed (grain) and seed oil, the market is largely dependent on the glob-al market, but is more stable on the regulatory front. The Montana Department of Agriculture does not prohibit the transportation of hemp crop/commodi-ty/product out of the state.

The Montana Hemp Advisory Committee held its first meeting on April 3rd in Helena. The Commit-tee is providing an important voice in helping the Department craft a regulatory framework around hemp, and the Committee will be working over the next year to create Montana’s hemp checkoff. In 2018, Montana was #1 in the US for hemp acre-age, and interest in the crop continues to grow. The Department encourages the public to attend the Committee meetings, and more information can be found on the department’s website.

The department recently sent out updated licens-ing information to all known applicants and has updated the information on its website, including the application form, the proposed rule and a list of approved seed varieties. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact Andy Gray at (406) 444-0512, or by email at [email protected]. ■


Steve Daines

United States SenatorFor the State of

Montana

Congressional CommentsU.S. SENATOR STEVE DAINESWith 95% of the world’s consumers outside of the U.S., it’s critical that Montana farmers, ranchers, and businesses are able to efficiently access other mar-kets. This includes being able to quickly and safely cross our border with Canada. That’s why I strongly oppose current efforts by the Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to reduce hours at four important ports of entry in the eastern part of our state. The Morgan, Opheim, Raymond, and Scobey ports of entry are essential to farmers, ranchers, and busi-ness across eastern Montana and I have sent letters and called upon the CBP to reverse this misguid-

ed decision.

Another issue I hear regularly as I travel throughout the state and visit all 56 counties every two years is the burdensome Electronic Logging Device (ELD) mandate. This one size fits all regulation harms Montana agriculture and it is critical that we find a workable and permanent solution for farmers, ranchers, and livestock haulers. I’ve raised this issue repeatedly with Department of Transportation Secretary Elaine Chao and have introduced legislation to provide substantial more flexi-bility for livestock haulers and direct the Department of Transportation to revise this regulation

U.S. SENATOR JON TESTERAgriculture drives Montana’s economy. When family farmers and ranchers succeed, so do local grocery stores, restaurants, and small businesses.

At the end of a strong year, farmers look to up-grade their equipment, buy new grain bins, repair fences, and support commerce that ripples through the community.

But our farmers and ranchers and the communities that rely on them are being hurt by this Administra-tion’s avoidable trade war.

Tariffs are creating uncertainty, and they are threat-ening our access to the overseas markets that boost Montana farmers and ranchers’ bottom lines.

Jon Tester

United States SenatorFor the State of

Montana

406 AgronomyMike EverettGreat Falls, MT406-453-1453

Ag Fertilizers, Inc.Margaret VaughanGreat Falls, [email protected]

Ag West DistributingCasey LillyGreat Falls [email protected]

Don KnoppBurley [email protected]

Stan DickGreat Falls, MT406-453-0010

AlbaughJay StrohAnkney IA800-247-8013

Jim SchmidtMcCall [email protected]

Arysta Life ScienceSteve ViningKimberly [email protected]

Craig CodrColumbus, [email protected]

Asmark InstituteAmber DukeOwensboro, [email protected]

SUSTAININGM E M B E R S


Greg Gianforte

US RepresentativeFor the State of

Montana

Delegation continued on page 13

If this trade war continues, it will lead to more foreclosures in rural America and undermine the livelihood of many Montana farmers and ranchers, and lead to a loss of good-paying jobs.

When the Administration forces tariffs on our trade partners, Ameri-cans get taxed twice, once when we export and again when we import. Once we lose access to those overseas markets, it could take a generation to get them back.

I appreciate the President’s effort to hold China and other nations ac-countable for their theft of intellectual property, but American farmers and ranchers shouldn’t be the pawns in that fight.

Rather than driving down prices on our commodities I have encour-aged the President to focus on expanding our state’s ag markets across the globe.

These tariffs are artificially driving down the prices farmers get for the food we raise creating uncertainty which puts big purchases on hold. Our agriculture economy works best when everyone has certainty—both growers and suppliers.

That is why we need common sense trade agreements that open new doors and create opportunities for the families who livelihoods are root-ed in Montana agriculture products, and we cannot afford haphazard decisions that threaten our farming and ranching economies.

Montana’s rural communities are strongest when agriculture is thriving, and I will continue to fight to bring this trade war to an end so that we can bring certainty back for Montana’s agricultural community.

U.S. CONGRESSMAN GREG GIANFORTEWe cleared a big hurdle last year with the new Farm Bill. It’s a win for Montana – for our farmers, ranch-ers, and ag producers. Thanks to your hard work and dedication, it has Montana’s fingerprints on it. The challenge now comes in implementing it. I’m working with the Secretary of Agriculture and other officials to ensure the Farm Bill is implemented swiftly and fully to give Montana’s ag producers the certainty they need.

We’re making progress on trade deals that level the playing field. The new framework for trade among

BASFChris BergConrad, [email protected]

Clark SchmidtBillings, [email protected]

BayerBarclay NorbyConrad, [email protected]

Kerry YatesGreat Falls, [email protected]

Bentrei Fertilzier Company, LLCAaron DyeTulsa, [email protected]

Joel ShackelfordTulsa, [email protected]

Valerie ConwayTulsa, [email protected]

BNSF RailwayMaia LaSalleHavre, [email protected]

Central Life SciencesBob JohnstonWalla Walla, [email protected]

SUSTAININGM E M B E R S


Legislative UpdateThe 66th Session of the Montana Legislature convened on January 7, 2019. The MT Legis-lature meets every other year for 90 legislative days. Outlined below are the bills that MABA provided watch public comment and testimo-ny. We have been very successful this session in working with grower groups, legislators, and the MT Department of Agriculture to develop policy that facilitates the ability of our businesses to grow and prosper in Montana.

HB 63 – REP. RAY SHAW – FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR PESTICIDE APPLICATORSPosition: Support | Outcome: PASSED

The issue of financial responsibility and the need to make changes surfaced in the 2017 session. Unfortunately, an agreement was not reached so the legislators sent the interest groups back to the drawing board to develop policy for financial responsibility that works for both commercial applicators and growers. HB 63 was the result of this work. The bill removed the termination date on the statute that allows the Department to adopt rules. MABA met with other interested parties through the interim to develop the basic guidelines for the program which would be retained in rules rather than in statute. We felt it was important to adopt the requirements in the rule because we wanted it to be flexible enough that we could adjust as necessary without having to wait for the next legislative session.

Next steps: Now that the termination date on the statute has been removed the Department of Agriculture has published rules. The com-ment period on the rules ended on April 16. The rules (as drafted) state that effective January 2021, persons applying for a commercial applica-tor license must provide proof of insurance. The insurance requirements are minimum insurance of $50,000 for aerial applicators, $30,000 for all other applicators.

HB 102 – REP. GORDY PIERSON – CREATE CIVIL PENALTY FOR VIOLATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL MARKETING AND TRANSPORTATION

Krista Lee Evans

Executive DirectorMontana Agricultural Business Association

SUSTAININGM E M B E R SCF IndustriesBrad WeaverBig Sandy, [email protected]

CHS AgronomyJulie BraytonGreat Falls, [email protected]

Maureen CovartSt. Paul, MN

Larry CookInver Grove Heights, [email protected]

Corteva AgroSciencesSeth KeasLaurel, [email protected]

Alison AndersonDodson, MT

Corteva Range and PastureTrent BrusseauCardwell, [email protected]

FEITim LarsenBillings, [email protected]

Ben RixeBozeman, [email protected]

Brad MoenValley City, [email protected]


Position: Support as amended | Outcome: PASSED

Under existing law violation of the commodity dealer and commodity warehouse statutes was limited to a criminal penalty. HB 102 created a civil penalty with a maximum fine of $10,000 per occurrence. MABA opposed this bill until it was amended to require the Department to adopt a penalty matrix by rule and to make clear that the civil penalties could not be enforced until the rules were adopted.

HB 143 – REP KASSMIER – REVISE COUNTY WEED LAWSPosition: Support | Outcome: PASSED

This bill clarifies the weed statutes to include integrated weed man-agement plans as an integral part of weed management for county weed boards.

HB 221 – REP FRED ANDERSON – REVISED PESTICIDE APPLICATOR LAWSPosition: Watch | Outcome: PASSED

HB 221 addresses private applicators and creates a system where private applicators can earn all their recertification points online rather than having to attend classes. As this did not address commercial applicators MABA chose to monitor this legislation.

HJ 33 – REP. ANDREA OLSEN – INTERIM STUDY ON MARKET-SENSITIVE CROPS AND AG TECHNOLOGIESPosition: Oppose | Outcome: FAILED

HJ 33 attempted to develop on interim study on glyphosate and the impacts the use of ag technology may or may not have on international trade. MABA opposed this legislation based on the fact that an interim legislative committee is not the appropriate entity to conduct in depth scientific analysis and make recommendations.

SB 73 – SEN STEVE HINEBAUCH – REVISE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY LAWSPosition: Support as amended | Outcome: PASSED

This legislation was requested by the Department of Agriculture to ac-

SUSTAININGM E M B E R SGowanKurt BowmanLaGrande, OR503-803-9836

Greyn Scale CompanySteve GreynGreat Falls, [email protected]

Hub Intl Mountain States, LTDMike InmanChinook, [email protected]

Hub Intl of MontanaMark KuhrWhitefish, [email protected]

Gary McFerrinGreat Falls, [email protected]

Intl Raw Materials LtdBrooke McMullinPhiladelphia, [email protected]

Spokane, [email protected]

Kyle GrantSpokane, [email protected]

Intrepid PotashJA BeallBoise, [email protected]

Legislative Update continued on page 12


complish two major goals. The first was to make sure that online brokers were included in the requirement to hold commodity dealer license. The second goal was to adjust the reporting mechanisms for commodity deal-ers to more closely match today’s corporate structures. MABA worked with the Department and the sponsor to develop amendments that worked for our membership and ultimately support the bill.

SB 91 – SEN DAN SALOMON – REVISE WEIGHT LIMIT LAWS FOR FERTILIZERPosition: Watch | Outcome: PASSED

This bill created an exemption from the weight limit requirements for fertilizer trucks. MABA chose to monitor this legislation.

SB 137 – SEN STEVE HINEBAUCH – REVISE LAWS RELATED TO AGRICULTURAL USE OF SPECIAL FUELPosition: Support | Outcome: PASSED

Current law requires the use of a credit card or debit card at a retail facility if the grower chooses to request a tax refund for agricultural use of special fuel. SB 137 allowed for any type of receipts. MABA support-ed this bill because decreasing credit card costs to our retail locations is beneficial to our membership.

SB 176 – SEN TOM JACOBSON – ALLOW FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF CERTIFIED HEMP PLAN AND PROGRAMPosition: Support | Outcome: PASSED

Montana is one of very few states that had an operating hemp pro-gram prior to the Farm Bill providing an avenue for increased produc-tion nationwide. Because Montana is ahead in the process it makes sense to develop a program that sets our producers apart from other state’s programs.

SB 177 – SEN TOM JACOBSON – REVISE MONTANA HEMP LAWSPosition: Support | Outcome: PASSED

Because MT had a hemp program prior to the Farm Bill actions there were requirements in statute such as fingerprinting of all employees and reporting requirements. These requirements are no longer necessary on a national basis and therefore not necessary in state statute.

Legislative Update continued from page 11

SUSTAININGM E M B E R SJ.R. Simplot CompanyTroy TallmanBillings, [email protected]

Lori HamannPocatello, [email protected]

Kennedy/Jenks ConsultantsDoug BrannanWhitefish, [email protected]

Craig DockterBismarck, [email protected]

Julie WestHoffMission, [email protected]

Koch Agronomic ServicesJustin SieckLaPine, [email protected]

Teresa WilsonCorydon, [email protected]

Tom KingSioux Falls, [email protected]

Lallemand Plant CareRobert ToddMeridian, [email protected]

Nathan [email protected]


SUSTAININGM E M B E R SLallemand Plant Care (continued)Rich [email protected]

Montana SulphurBruce LoftusBillings, [email protected]

MosaicLea Ann FlaaganWest Fargo, [email protected]

Nachurs Alpine SolutionsJosh ChiltonBillings, [email protected]

Nutrien Ag Solutions, IncTyler SchaeferGlasgow, MT

Issac SalcidoGreat Falls, [email protected]

Branden StoneBelgrade, [email protected]

Jeff BrennanBelgrade, [email protected]

Tony HewittHardin, MT406-665-3552

the United States, Canada, and Mexico (USMCA) will provide greater certainty to our farmers and keep open these critical mar-kets. Unfortunately, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) has indicated she won’t allow a vote on USMCA without overhauling already-negotiated provisions. I’ll work with trade officials to ensure NAFTA remains in place until the new deal is implemented.

We must also negotiate a new trade deal with Japan. U.S. exports should receive the same access to the Japanese market that other countries have. I’ll continue pushing U.S. trade officials to lev-el the playing field in Japan and throughout the world for our ag products.

While we must work on securing our southern border, we must also remain focused on protecting our ports of entry on our northern border. As I write this, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is considering reducing hours of operation at four Montana ports of entry. I’ll continue opposing CBP’s efforts, and I’ll work to protect Montana’s farmers, ranchers, and businesses that depend on reliable access to our ports of entry along the Canadian border.

There’s much to do. Please don’t hesitate to reach out to me or my staff for anything. My door is always open. ■

Delegation continued from page 9

SB 178 – SEN TOM JACOBSON – EXEMPT HEMP PROCESSING EQUIPMENT FROM TAXATIONPosition: Support | Outcome: PASSED

Hemp production in Montana is going to be increasing. As in all other commodities the limiting factor is processing and transportation. Hemp processing facilities in Montana will be helpful to growers and agricul-tural business alike.

SB 317 – SEN MIKE LANG – REVISE TRANSPORTATION WEIGHT LIMITS AND PERMITSPosition: Support | Outcome: PASSED

SB 317 provides for a wintertime permit or a durational permit autho-rizing the applicant to operate a vehicle, combination of vehicles, load, or object that exceeds the maximum weight limits specified in statute by 10%. ■


Pam Langley Memorial ScholarshipCHANGING OF THE GUARD

The Pam Langley Memorial Scholarship has long been an MABA activity - one that the association has been very proud to promote and support. Starting in 2017, MABA and its membership have been working hard to establish the Montana Agricultural Business Foundation (MABF). We are proud to an-nounce that MABF was formally established in the fall of 2018 and is now in operation.

One of the benefits of MABF is that it is organized as a charitable foundation therefore removing any question regarding the appropriateness of providing

scholarships to our membership and their children. In 2019, the Pam Langley Memorial Scholarship will be transitioned away from MABA and to MABF for administration and granting. This is a great oppor-tunity for MABA members to provide funding to MABF to bolster these types of activities.

The current MABF Board of Directors include: Bob Hollern, Russ Miner, Rod Brooks, Chris Barge, and Nate Fairbanks. Please reach out to any of them for additional information or to provide funding for the foundation and its activities.

Please spread the word to your employees and oth-ers in our business so that this scholarship oppor-tunity isn’t missed. The deadline for applications is May 15. ■

Our Mission

To preserve Montana’s agricultural heritage and to foster its future by supporting and developing sound agricultural

practices and promoting the positive impacts of agribusiness on agriculture, the environment, and Montana communities.


MABF SCHOLARSHIP APPLICATIONPAM LANGLEY MEMORIAL SCHOLARSHIP

Deadline: May 15

There is no longer a requirement that an applicant be entering their second year – the student must be enrolling in next semester.

ELIGIBILITY:Three $1000 scholarships will be awarded to students in pursuit of post-secondary education. Scholarships are not limited to in-state schools or to any field of study. The applicant or legal guardian of applicant must be employed a minimum of 800 hours per calendar year or be retired from a career with a business that is cur-rently a member of the Montana Agricultural Business Association and its adjoining states. A student receiv-ing a scholarship may reapply for subsequent years, but will not be awarded a scholarship more than twice.

SELECTION:The selection committee policy does not advocate, permit nor practice discrimination on the basis of sex, race, age, color, national origin or handicapping condition. The selection committee shall consist of at least three members of the MABF Board of Directors. Committee members should not have potential applicants. The president may select committee members from the general membership if necessary. Winners will be an-nounced and funds awarded before the fall semester.

PERSONAL INFORMATION:Name ________________________________________________________________________________

Current Phone _________________________________________________________________________

Marital Status__________ # of Dependents______ Email: _______________________________________

Current Address ________________________________________________________________________

Permanent (home) Address ________________________________________________________________

Name of Parent or Guardian ______________________________________________________________

Parent or Guardian Address _______________________________________________________________

Parent or Guardian Phone ________________________________________________________________

Occupation of Parent or Guardian __________________________________________________________

MABA Employment Location _____________________________________________________________

Number of brothers and sisters: older _____, younger _____, # in college now _____

over


PREVIOUS EDUCATION: 1. High School ________________________________ Town ___________________________________

High school rank: _____of _____ in class. Year graduated ________

2. Post Secondary Education (if any):

A. School ___________________________________Town ___________________________________

Years completed__________Degrees earned _______________GPA___________

B. School ___________________________________Town ___________________________________

Years completed__________Degrees earned _______________GPA__________

ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS:1. What has been the nature and extent of your participation in activities of: (answer for both your high

school and post-secondary years; use additional sheets if needed.)

Your School:

Your Community:

2. List any special recognitions or awards you have received.

3. Why do you feel you deserve this scholarship?

4. What work experiences have you had?

5. Write a paragraph or two indicating what your career plans are.

6. In which School and Program do you intend to enroll in seeking this scholarship?

Name of School ______________________________________________________________________

Major ______________________________________________________________________________

Option or Area of Concentration _________________________________________________________

7. Are there any other circumstances, financial or otherwise, which you would like the committee to consider as an additional reason to grant aid?

REFERENCES:Give the names, positions and addresses of three persons (not relatives) as references. It is preferable that at least one be a person for whom you have worked.

Name and Position: Address:

_________________________________________ _________________________________________

_________________________________________ _________________________________________

_________________________________________ _________________________________________

Attach two letters of recommendation, your high school and postsecondary transcripts and a photo (the win-ners photos will be used for publicity).Return to Scholarship Committee, PO Box 7325, Helena, MT 59604 by May 15. Preferred method: Application materials may also be submitted to: [email protected]

I understand that this application is for $1000 in aid for the next school year. Any breach in enrollment or other unsatisfactory performance in my course of study will result in cessation of aid.

Date_____________ Signature of Applicant __________________________________________________


Points to PonderTIMES ARE CHANGING – LET’S KEEP UP BY STAYING EDUCATED!By Luke Dighans

If I were to tell you that I thought Convention should be focused solely on more classes, more sessions, and more PowerPoint presentations, I’d be lying. Of course a huge part of what makes our con-vention successful is the interaction of people within the industry. I’ve been told repeatedly by vendors, sponsors, and attendees that MABA’s environment stands above many other states’ due to great balance of business, engagement, and fun everyone seems to share together as we celebrate our industry and get a few things done. Even most competitors tend to get along and share a joke or two!

But a huge part of convention, and one that’s a big focus for me as I serve on the board, is Education. Let’s continue to strive for quality topics and speak-ers that really hit home with as much of our mem-bership as possible. As chairman of the Education Committee, I’d encourage any of our membership to reach out to me (or anyone else on the committee) and share some ideas that may “challenge the norm”. Sure, topics such as wireworm control in wheat or Nitrogen stabilization are extremely important and apply to many members. But since we’ve hit on those subjects fairly consistently over the last few years, maybe it’s time to look into other ideas. The Yellowstone Valley is different than Northeast Montana, which in turn is different from the Golden Triangle, so we want to make sure that we address a wide range of interests that membership wants to stay informed on.

These topics don’t have to be strictly agronomic either. As you well know – the business environ-ment today looks a lot different than it did 10 or 20 years ago with things like e-commerce, technology, regulations, consumer pressure, logistics, and more playing more and more of a role in all of our daily lives. Personal development and “looking at the bigger picture” are great things to remind ourselves as we strive to be better in the technical and man-agement sides of our businesses – the addition of a keynote speaker in recent years has been a huge hit.

We sincerely appreciate all the sponsorship that’s been vital in making the this possible.

The education piece also doesn’t have to be limited to just con-vention – whether it’s legislative updates, major headlines that may affect the industry on a state level, or other topics of interest - I feel we are making a conscious effort to increase the communi-cation to membership on these things throughout the year and want to continue to increase that outreach.

As you all work hard this spring to make it a suc-cessful one, make mental notes of the challenges you face and the issues that could be explored by MABA. The Convention Planning meeting is in July, where we do a lot of brainstorming to come up with a well-balanced agenda for the next year’s convention – we’d love to have your input and ideas prior to then! So in closing, I hope you’ll join me in looking forward to next year’s convention where we can once again get together as a statewide industry and share some experiences, stories, and laughs. And oh, by the way: try to learn something! ■

Luke Dighans

Board MemberMontana AgriculturalBusiness Association

REMEMBER . . .IT’S THAT TIME OF YEAR AGAIN!!


Burl Brawley

Board MemberMontana AgriculturalBusiness Association

Challenge With Hours of ServiceAnother spring is upon us, and after record snowfall and below freezing temperature durations in some areas, it’s looking a whole lot like last spring. A condensed spring

seeding season appears to be imminent, just like last spring. The trucking of fertilizer and other agricultural inputs across Montana looks to be strained again. We discussed this issue at our MABA board meeting in March, and as a group decided that we needed to work with the Governor’s office, to try to get an Hours of Service (HOS) exemption in place. This

will help out all of our businesses’ in being able to get the products our dealers and growers need to get the crop in the ground and fertilized to help ensure healthy crops and a prosperous 2019 growing season for all involved.

We are very fortunate to have an Executive Director that tirelessly works with the state government at all levels to be a voice for all of the membership of the MABA. Krista worked with the Governor’s office and the Montana Department of Agriculture to have the HOS exemption that we had for the state last year for fertilizer haulers reinstated. We were very interested in includes the other pieces of the puzzle such as seed and crop protection products included in this exemp-tion as well. Unfortunately, we were not able to include other products at this time. How-ever, if you begin to experience challenges with other crop inputs please reach out to the office so we can analyze opportunities. Stay tuned for more info and hopefully there will be some good news out of this attempt! ■


Montana’s Ports of Entry Hours ThreatenedMABA TAKES A STANDThe Montana Agricultural Business Association contacted Montana’s Congressional Dele-gation along with grower groups to express concern about the proposal to cut the hours of entry at the Ports of Raymond, Scobey, Morgan, and Opheim which are scheduled to take effect on April 14.

MABA members participated in the open houses held by Border Pa-trol to receive public comment. These folks and others presented very useful evidence and infor-mation on why the ports should remain open 24-hours.

The Port of Raymond was ultimately left as a 24- hour port and we are hopeful that the others will follow suit. It only makes sense to operate the same hours as our Canadian counterparts and we are hopeful that the US Border Patrol we recon-sider their decision to limit hours. ■

Montana Ports of Entry

_______ Montana Agricultural Business Association

PO Box 7325, Helena, MT 59604 406-227-3523 [email protected]

To: Montana Congressional Delegation

From: Montana Agricultural Business Association

RE: Montana/Canada Ports of Entry Hours

Date: March 29, 2019

The Montana Agricultural Business Association is very concerned about the proposal to cut the hours

of entry at the Ports of Raymond, Scobey, Morgan, and Opheim which are scheduled to take effect

on April 14. As you are aware, Montana’s planting and growing season is short and fast paced.

Limiting the hours in which equipment, fertilizer, other crop inputs and producers can move through

ports of entry make a considerably difficult profession even more challenging.

The US has made considerable facility investments in these ports, and it seems senseless to not

provide staffing to operate reasonable hours. Operating at different hours than our Canadian ports

would be costly and frustrating for trucking companies delivering goods. Agriculture does not function

in an 8am to 6pm time frame and asking producers to wait when hours of planting are critical and

costly, is putting too much burden on an industry already overrun with adversity. Many producers

have land on both sides of border in these areas. We join with you in expressing concern that

agriculture and its needs seemed to be overlooked in this decision-making process.

Considering the widespread flooding occurring in many parts of our state and others, the planting

season will be short at best. Pulse seed supply could be severely impacted. We sell products into

Canada, and the commerce we receive from our neighbors to the north is invaluable in a tough

economy. We need every dollar that comes from Canada for our rural communities.

The US Border Patrol has scheduled town hall meetings for next week. Our membership and other

agricultural producers plan to attend these meetings and express our concern and to voice our

objection to this decision.

The meetings are scheduled for

April 1, 5:30 PM, Sheridan County Civic Center, Plentywood

April 2, Noon, Richardson Theatre, Scobey

April 2, 5:00 PM, Glasgow Sr. Citizens Center, Glasgow

April 3, 4:00 PM, Great Northern Hotel Conference Room, Malta

Please pass on our concerns to the US Customs and Border Patrol and any other agencies involved

in this determination, and we appreciate any help you may be in assisting our membership in making

sure our producers and businesses receive goods and agricultural inputs in a timely and efficient

manner. If we make it difficult to do business in Montana, we have found in past experiences, trucking

companies will send their trucks and inputs somewhere else.

Thank-you for your support of Montana Agriculture.


8 Reasons Why Unwanted Herbicide Residues Might HappenBy CropLife Staff | October 2018

There are several reasons why unwanted herbicide residues continue to find their way onto the wrong crops. This was one of main topics discussed in a report published by Purdue Extension titled “Removing Herbicide Residues from Agricultural Application Equipment.”

HERBICIDES ARE ACTIVE AT LOW CONCENTRATIONSSome herbicide products still call for applying pints or quarts of herbicide per acre, but many herbicides now have application rates measured in ounces per acre. Residues from products with these lower application rates can affect crops even when trace amounts are left in the application equipment.

POST-EMERGENCE HERBICIDE MORE COMMONBy definition, post-emergence herbicides are applied over an existing crop. So if there are any unwanted herbicide residues in the equipment, future applica-tions can damage or kill crops that you didn’t intend.

DRY FORMULATIONS ARE POPULARHerbicides formulated as dry products have become quite popular, because they are easy to handle, ship, and store. Most dry formulations create suspensions of the herbicide (similar to mixing clay in water), so they do not dissolve completely into the spray mixture. So unlike most liquid formulations, dry formulations require constant agitation to evenly suspend the product.

When applicators fail to allow enough mixing time, larger particles of the dry product can get trapped in a series of screens. The particles may remain in the sprayer system until applicators run enough water through the screens or another product solubilizes them into smaller pieces — which can then pass through the screens and out the nozzles.

Be aware that the low use rates, longer breakdown

time, and mixing requirements of dry formulations pose challenges when preventing crop damage.

ADJUVANT USE IS GROWINGAdjuvants, such as surfactants and crop oil con-centrates, are products that make foliar-applied herbicides work better. Many herbicide prod-ucts are formulated with adjuvants to improve their effectiveness.

But adjuvants also may dislodge old herbicide residues that are embedded in tank walls or hoses, or they may help break down particles in screens. When they do, the adjuvants may cause an old, unwanted herbicide residue to be part of the spray liquid.

TANK-MIXES OF HERBICIDES ARE COMMONGlyphosate-tolerant crops simplified weed control by allowing one active ingredient to control a broad spectrum of weed species. As glyphosate-resis-tant weed populations have grown, it has become common to use multiple herbicides to control resistant weeds. It is important, of course, to learn which herbicides can be tank-mixed to control these resistant weeds. This practice also makes cleaning application equipment between sprays more import-ant than ever.

PRODUCTS CAN BE INCOMPATIBLEProblems with product hiding or building up in application equipment can be traced back to how different products get along. If you do not mix


agricultural chemicals in the correct order, they can settle out of solution or form a paste. If such things happen, there are going to be problems. It is import-ant to pay attention to compatibility issues, especial-ly when field mixing. If you’re receiving premixed “hot loads” from a mixing facility, always tell the people at the facility if you observe potential com-patibility issues.

In recent years, pre-emergence herbicide use has increased as a resistance management strategy. Using pre-emergence herbicides is reminiscent of the weed-and-feed days of the past when applicators used UAN as a carrier for preplant and pre-emergence herbicides. The differences are that the herbicide formulations today are different from those in past, and there is an increased interest in adding sulfur to these mixtures.

Incompatibility problems can arise when you use new herbicide formulations, mix products in the improper sequence, and add plant nutrients beyond just nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. These in-compatible mixtures often leave difficult-to-remove residues inside spray equipment.

APPLICATION TIMING IS MORE CRUCIAL THAN EVEROptimum performance of post-emergence herbicides

often depends on the size of the weeds at the time of the application. As weeds get larger, the herbicide’s effectiveness is greatly reduced, which is why herbi-cide labels provide maximum weed size restrictions. When weather delays early-season herbicide applica-tions, controlling weeds becomes more challenging. With little time to spare, applicators may gamble and only partially clean sprayers in order to save time and cover more acres.

PLUMBING IS COMPLICATED AND INTERCONNECTEDModern sprayers have many places where herbicide residues remain trapped, even after flushing hun-dreds or thousands of gallons of water through the system. Simply not opening one valve might leave quarts or gallons of herbicide in a hose. When the applicator opens the valve to that hose during the next application, the remaining residue will then be mixed with the new product and pushed out the boom.

We know that cutting corners to save time can in-crease the chance for herbicide injury to crops. It’s a false priority to think that herbicide application tim-ing is more important than stopping to thoroughly clean possible herbicide residues.

Read more at Purdue.edu. ■

MINER RECOGNIZED FOR DEVOTION TO MONTANA AG BUSINESSThe Montana Agricultural Business Association was pleased to present Russ Miner with the 2019 Presidential Award. Russ’s contribution to the success of our business and our organization has been so appreciated. He served as our President in 1986, and has served many terms as a very intrical board member. He has been active in the CCA program and its promotion, MSU’s fertilizer advisory board, and has served on many MABA committees, always offering his well thought out advice and expertise. Whether it’s testimony on legislative issues, trainings for members, financial oversite, representing MABA, Russ always is a reliable resource that we are deeply appreciative of. Honesty, integrity, work ethic, and pride of faith and family are who Russ Miner is, and MABA is honored to present him with the MABA presidential award. ■


Operation Pollinator in Agricultural Landscapes: POSITIVE ACTION FOR POLLINATORS

What is Operation Pollinator?Operation Pollinator, a global Syngenta program, supports the development of pollinator habitats in a variety of landscapes, including farmland. By devoting non-crop portions of the farm — such as field borders, hedgerows, buffer strips and marginal cropland — to pollinator habitat, farmers and landowners can help provide forage and food for native bees, honey bees, butterflies and other beneficial insects, while augmenting biodiversity and environmental benefits.

Operation Pollinator restores pollinators in agricultural, golf and other landscapes by creating essential habitats with region-specific seed mixtures. The program incorporates practical conservation practices that directly address pollination needs at a local level. Based on scientific research and participants’ experience, Operation Pollinator has demonstrated how to successfully establish and manage habitats in key landscapes and boost populations of pollinators and other beneficial insects.

What are the benefits of pollinating insects?Pollinating insects are critical to sustain yields and crop quality; in fact, more than 100 food crops depend on pollination services. As an ever-growing population becomes more dependent on efficient food production, maintaining healthy pollinator populations is increasingly important.

An abundance of pollinating insects is a visible indicator of healthy ecosystems. Managing habitats for bees and other pollinators significantly increases biodiversity and brings about real environmental benefits. At Syngenta, we are deeply committed to enhancing biodiversity globally; helping biodiversity flourish is one of the six commitments comprising

The Good Growth Plan, Syngenta’s global sustainability initiative. Since its launch

in 2013, our biodiversity efforts have benefited more than

13.5 million acres of farmland.

FARMER AND LAND MANAGER BENEFITS

Not only does Operation Pollinator provide solutions for restoring vital pollinator populations, but with careful site planning and management, it can also play an important role in reducing soil erosion, helping protect valuable water resources, and creating habitats for small mammals and farmland birds.

Through Operation Pollinator, farmers and the agricultural community are seeing firsthand how sustainable agriculture and science-based solutions can work together to preserve the environment.

WHERE DO I BEGIN?

Syngenta has developed a Quick Guide (www.syngenta-us.com/beehealth/operation-pollinator-quick-guide.pdf), which details important considerations for:

• Site Selection

• Seed Mixture Selection

• Site Establishment

• Site Maintenance

Initial results can be seen within three to six months after establishment of an Operation Pollinator site. Within 12 to 18 months, wildflowers and vegetation will be fully established.

WILDFLOWER SELECTION

Applewood Seed Company in Arvada, Colorado (www.applewoodseed.com), supplies custom wildflower mixes for Operation Pollinator sites. Wildflower mixes are selected based on the geography and climate, and multiple mixes can be used to help ensure flowering during different seasons — providing a continuous food and forage source. The summer-flowering mixes can attract up to 40 different bee species during a season.

Making a difference through collaborationOPERATION POLLINATOR NETWORK

Syngenta collaborates with an extensive network of farmers, land managers, NGOs and government agencies. These trusted relationships allow us to pursue practical solutions that can benefit pollinators and farmers. We work with ecology and entomology experts at leading U.S. universities, such as University of California-Davis, Michigan State University and University of Florida, as well as other partners, such as Delta F.A.R.M. and Trees Forever, among others.

YOUR ROLE IN POLLINATOR HEALTH

Research shows establishing native plant gardens with a variety of wildflowers has a big effect on pollinator health. In addition to creating habitats on your farm, you can create your own pollinator-friendly garden or window box using native plants. Sponsoring local projects to plant wildflowers on road sides, in parks and other bare areas can provide pollinators greater access to diverse pollen throughout the summer and increase resistance to disease and other stresses.

©2018 Syngenta. The Alliance Frame, the Purpose Icon and the Syngenta logo are trademarks of a Syngenta Group Company.

GS 2488_1_1 SLC 4490B 05-2018




















WHERE DO I BEGIN?


• Site Selection












GS 2488_1_1 SLC 4490B 05-2018













WHERE DO I BEGIN?


• Site Selection












GS 2488_1_1 SLC 4490B 05-2018












WHERE DO I BEGIN?


• Site Selection












GS 2488_1_1 SLC 4490B 05-2018


Techniques to Improve Spray ProductivityNozzle_Guy Featured Article by Tom Wolf

In almost all agronomic practices, timing is key. There are certain, and often small, windows of opportunity for getting a task done without losing yield potential or product quality. Weed specialists talk about early weed removal, pathologists talk about symptom monitoring, and entomologists re-mind us of economic thresholds. Acting at the right time is fundamental.

Sometimes I’m asked about comparing two differ-ent methods of spray application. I usually dodge these questions by advising to choose the one that gets the job done on time. “An average application at the right time is much better than an excellent application at the wrong time” is how I put it. Sure, I’m dodging, but I really believe that. It’s mostly in the timing.

Everything we do carries with it some time ineffi-ciencies. Some are rooted in technology, others in habits. It’s the habits that are easier and cheaper to address. That’s why, when evaluating how to improve a spraying operation, I advise to start with a stop-watch and notepad, not a sprayer brochure.

A stopwatch and notepad provides your path to greater productivity.

Remember, if you want to improve a system, you first need to understand it. And to under-

stand it, you need to measure it.

So, do a time accounting. You need to know how your time is used on a spray day. Note the time spent preparing for the job (loading supplies, double checking label instructions, transporting, etc.). The big users of time are sprayer transporting, filling and cleaning, but there are very many small time users and those can add up. This time is doubly important because these tasks occur during the spray day, when the weather is good and you should be maximizing spray time.

Make your own time accounting sheet, including every detail or possibility.

Even within any one operation, time can be sub-divided. How much time is spent on a turn? Since a 120’ sprayer will make about 22 of these per half mile, that can add up. Even a spray monitor can play a productivity role if it quickly and consistently locks onto its swath. Needing to stop and back up while it searches for a signal can be costly.

On our farm, we sometimes used custom operators to get the cereals off. I recall how aggravating it was to watch the 8820 inch ahead of my N6. Surely it must be throwing a lot over, I thought (it was). But I usually caught it at the truck, where my unloading speed was over 1 minute faster. Redemption, briefly.

That same principle applies to these small efficien-cies. A well-designed tender truck can speed loading and more than make up for lower spray productiv-ity of a smaller sprayer. A lighter sprayer load and

ACTION ACTUAL TIME TARGET TIMEFueling, Lubing

Loading jugs and totes

Checking label (rates, rainfastness...)

Filling tender tanks

Loading sprayer (in yard)

Transport to field

Entering field data into monitor

Checking, recording weather

Checking for pest, stage

Changing nozzles

Spraying load

Unplugging/replacing nozzles

Replacing nozzle body

Making turn

Filling sprayer

Getting sprayer unstuck

Driving to tender truck

Waiting for tender truck

Spraying out tank remainder

Cleaning tank

Cleaning filters

Flushing boom ends

Loading sprayer (in field)

TOTAL


flotation tires can save a ton of time if it means the difference between getting stuck or cruising through that spot. A set of extra-coarse nozzles that can be rotated into place in just two minutes can help finish a field if the weather changes, or allow a margin to be sprayed, saving a return trip.

Extra nozzles to allow spraying in higher wind speeds without increas-ing drift are a productiv-ity tool.

A custom operator shared some very useful tips with me a few years

back. He optimized the small things, such as re-lo-cating the switch to deflate his suspension airbags after driving onto the trailer, to the platform beside the cab. He’d deflate while descending the steps, and by the time the tie-down straps were thrown across, the unit was ready to be cinched down. No waiting. He also opted for a slightly wider aftermarket boom so he had an even number of spray passes per quar-ter, saving another 2 minutes or so per field.

The same operator made me aware of the impor-tance of knowing exactly how much spray is in the tank at any one time. The majority of spray monitors are simply not accurate enough. A factory spray-er can count down from a full tank using its flow meter, but that requires two things to be accurate, the filled amount (entered by the operator, usually from a sight gauge) and the flow meter itself. Point is, when we fill the last load of a field, we don’t want too much left over, but we’d still rather not run out. By using the AccuVolume from Simon Innovations, he was able to fill accurately and he was also able to exactly monitor his liquid usage. If he had two passes left, and knew he needed exactly 150 gallons (also considering when his pump drew air), he could monitor that and make small adjustments to the application rate, if necessary, to get there. It’s a big deal because contending with a larger remainder is wasteful and takes time to deal with. The AccuVol-ume also helps make multiple small volume batch cleaning more accurate, and therefore easier.

The AccuVolume mea-sures your tank contents, to the nearest gallon, regardless of slope posi-tion. It’s a time saver.

A small addition to the tender truck such as an electric hose reel or a swing arm that carries, say 20’ of hose, helps deal with the weight of a full 3” line. Or an air-line at the pump end can be used to blow the remaining water into the tank. Time, and mess, are saved. Still pumping product? Induction using a venturi is much faster.

An electric hose reel makes handling 3-inch plumb-ing manageable.

Preventing problems is probably a better use of time than dealing with them. Take tank mixes, for exam-ple. With more products in the tank, and adjuvants such as conditioners, fertilizers, or low-drift products making their way in, anticipating mixing problems may require a jar test. Get the tools, and learn how to do them. It’s important to use the actual tended water in these tests, at the temperature it will be, because that, and water quality such as hardness and bicarbonates, can affect mixing. And don’t over-agi-tate, as that can create its own problems, especially as the tank runs down.

Consider a hot tank. If extra labor is available, it removes a lot of time pressure for mixing dry, or multiple products. At filling time, simply pump it over and go.

A hot tank gives you more time to mix properly, and makes transfers faster (some additional labor required).

Consider improvements in the plumbing to save time. The new Hypro Express End Cap features a ball valve for flushing (existing Express End Caps can be retrofitted), and this valve can soon be fitted with the ProStop E (electric) valve. Flushing can then be done from the cab, saving time and mess. It’s a small change, but it brings joy.

Spray Productivity continued on page 28


EPA - Paraquat DichlorideBASIC INFORMATION

Paraquat dichloride, commonly referred to as “paraquat,” is one of the most widely used her-bicides registered in the United States. Paraquat

is also often referred to as Gramoxone (a popular end-

use product).

Paraquat is used to control weeds in many agricul-tural and non-agricultural use sites. It is also used as a defoliant on crops, like cotton, prior to harvest.

There are no homeowner uses and no products regis-tered for application in residential areas.

All paraquat products registered for use in the Unit-ed States are Restricted Use Pesticides (RUPs), which can only be used by certified applicators.

Paraquat is highly toxic to humans. One small sip can be fatal and there is no antidote.

EPA ACTIONSTo better prevent paraquat accidental ingestions and to reduce exposure to workers who mix, load and apply paraquat, EPA is requiring:

• Changes to the pesticide label and distribu-tion of supplemental warning materials to highlight the toxicity and risks associated with paraquat products.

• Restricting the use of paraquat to certified pesticide applicators only. Individuals working under the supervision of a certified applicator are prohibited from using paraquat.

• Specialized training for certified applicators who use paraquat to emphasize that the chem-ical should not be transferred to or stored in improper containers.

• New closed-system packaging designed to pre-vent transfer or removal of the pesticide except

directly into proper application equipment. This will prevent spills, mixing, pouring the pesticide into other containers or other actions that could lead to paraquat exposure.

Paraquat is currently undergoing registration review, a program that re-evaluates all pesticides on a 15-year cycle. The draft human health and ecological risk assessments are scheduled to publish this year, and a registration review decision is anticipated in 2020. During this process, EPA may require addi-tional mitigation beyond the measures mentioned above. All documents related to the registration review can be located in docket number EPA-HQ-OPP-2011-0855 located at www.regulations.gov.

PARAQUAT DICHLORIDE TRAINING FOR CERTIFIED APPLICATORSAs required by EPA’s Paraquat Dichloride Human Health Mitigation Decision and amended paraquat dichloride (a.k.a. paraquat) product labels, certified applicators must successfully complete an EPA-ap-proved training program before mixing, loading, and/or applying paraquat. The training provides important information about paraquat’s toxicity, new label requirements and restrictions, and the consequences of misuse.

The EPA-approved training module can be accessed at www.usparaquattraining.com/. This training was developed by paraquat manufacturers as part of EPA’s 2016 risk mitigation requirements and has been approved by EPA.

1. Why are there additional training requirements to use paraquat?

Since 2000, there have been 17 deaths – three in-volving children – caused by accidental ingestion of paraquat. These cases have resulted from the pesti-cide being illegally transferred to beverage containers and later mistaken for a drink and consumed. A single sip can be fatal. In addition to the deaths by accidental ingestion, since 2000 there have been three deaths and many severe injuries caused by the


pesticide getting onto the skin or into the eyes of those working with the herbicide. To prevent these tragedies, EPA is requiring this special training for certified applicators who use paraquat. One of the purposes of the paraquat training is to reinforce that paraquat must not be transferred to or stored in improper containers.

2. Who is required to take this training?

Any person who intends to use paraquat must be a certified applicator and is required to take the training. “Use” includes pre-application activities involving mixing and loading the pesticide; applying the pesticide; and other pesticide-related activities, including, but not limited to, transporting or storing opened pesticide containers, cleaning equipment, and disposing of excess pesticides, spray mix, equip-ment wash waters, pesticide containers, and other paraquat-containing materials.

3. Who is permitted to use paraquat?

The use of paraquat, which is a restricted use pes-ticide, is restricted to certified pesticide applicators only; noncertified persons working under the super-vision of a certified applicator are prohibited from using paraquat, including mixing, loading, applying the pesticide, and other pesticide-related activities.

4. What are the training requirements for paraquat products?

To use paraquat products, you must be a certified applicator. In addition, paraquat-specific training is required by new paraquat labels and must be com-pleted prior to using products with the new labeling. All paraquat labels are expected to include a link to the training by Fall 2019. The training provides im-portant information about paraquat’s toxicity, new label requirements and restrictions, and the conse-quences of misuse. The training must be retaken ev-ery three years. Although this training is a paraquat label requirement, a state may choose to approve it for continuing education. For state-specific require-ments, contact your state lead pesticide agency.

5. How does the paraquat training module differ from the certified applicator training requirements?

Pesticide applicators become certified by proving they are competent to apply or supervise the use of restricted use pesticides (RUPs), generally by exam-ination. Many states approve courses that certified applicators can take to maintain their certification. The examinations and training courses pertain to a category or type of pesticide application (e.g., agri-cultural plant pest control, seed treatment, structural pest control). Conversely, the paraquat training module emphasizes the importance of handling paraquat safely because of its extreme toxicity. The training highlights product-specific restrictions, including that paraquat products bearing the new labeling can be handled by certified applicators only (i.e., paraquat can no longer be handled by those working under the supervision of a certified applica-tor). For more information related to the pesticide applicator certification, visit: Montana Department of Agriculture website.

6. One of the label requirements is to maintain a record of the completed training. How will certified applicators show proof that they completed the required training?

Once the certified applicator successfully completes the training, a certificate will be automatically gener-ated. Per the new labeling, applicators are required to retain certificates of training completion. In addi-tion, paraquat registrants have arranged for the Na-tional Pesticide Safety Education Center (NPSEC) to retain certification records should the user, state regulators, or enforcement personnel need access.

7. Who is responsible if a certified applicator overlooks a label requirement, even if the paraquat-specific training covered that point?

Paraquat continued on page 28


A new valve addition is available for the Express End Cap. Manual (shown) or elec-tric available.

The importance of time on a spray day can also be viewed economically. Let’s say a large area needs to be sprayed today, and

the weather forecast calls for rain overnight. The rain will stop spraying for 5 days. What is the yield potential lost in those five days if weed or disease pressure is high? If 100 acres don’t get treated, what is the lost revenue? (for example, if 3 bpa is lost, at $6/b, that’s $18/acre or $1,800.) That’s what that hour is worth. Tell your boss.

Getting more done means getting more done on time. Evaluate your habits and technologies on that basis. ■

About the Author:Tom Wolf is based in Saskatoon, SK and has 30 years research experience in the spraying business. He obtained his BSA (1987) and M.Sc. (1991) in Plant Science at the University of Manitoba, and his Ph.D. (1996) in Agronomy from the Ohio State University. Tom focuses on practical advice that is research-based to improve the efficiency of producers. He also rides a unicycle to the office every day.

Spray Productivity continued from page 25

The intent of the training is to provide the user with the best possi-ble understanding of paraquat product safety issues. Ultimately, it is the user’s responsibility to handle the product in strict accordance with the product labeling.

8. Are state personnel required to conduct the paraquat-specific training?

No, state employees are not required to conduct this training. The training is available online for paraquat users to take at their conve-nience at www.usparaquattraining.com.

9. Are states or other entities permitted to develop alternate paraquat training materials?

States or other entities may develop alternate training materials that comply with the 2016 mitigation decision. All paraquat handler training materials must be approved by EPA. For a discussion of the requirements for the training materials, refer to the “2016 Paraquat Dichloride Human Health Mitigation Decision”. ■

Paraquat continued from page 27

SUSTAININGM E M B E R SOro Agri USACorp. OfficeFresno, CA559-442-4496

Dan GalbreathRitzville, WA509-660-0850

Derek LloydSmithfield, [email protected]

Scotts Co.Michael DiamondKingston, [email protected]

Syngenta Crop ProtectionJohnnie ScottGreat Falls, [email protected]

Tessenderlo Kerly IncNicole [email protected]

Valent USADan LargentMcCall, [email protected]

West Central IncTim ErrecartMoccasin, [email protected]

Perry JohnstonLewistown, MT406-453-1655

WestbredRyan WeberBozeman, [email protected]


SUSTAININGM E M B E R SWilbur Ellis Co.Bill O’HaireGreat Falls, [email protected]

Bill WehriDillon, [email protected]

Bob McKinleyHingham, [email protected]

Dwight SchockDillon, MT406-683-5355

Joel StokesHingham, MT406-397-3194

Rob WarehimeGreat Falls, [email protected]

Russ MinerGreat Falls, [email protected]

Winfield UnitedGary MobbsHauser, [email protected]

Curt DroogsmaBillings, [email protected]

Greg WalkBillings, [email protected]

Jim ElliotHavre, [email protected]

Yara North America Inc.Dean AndersonLacombe, AB

Fertilizer Assessment Fund2018 Proposals for FY 2019 Funds

Investigators Project Title FundingAmount

Bourgault, Lamb, Jones

Do we Need Phosphorus Fertilizer at Depth in No-Till Systems?

37,690

Budak, Zitkovich, Alptekin, Biyiklioglu, et al

MicroCereal Micronutrient deficiencies and toxicities in wheat in Montana

45,000

Burgess, Dyer A Chloride Deficiency and Salt Tolerance of Wheat and Pulse Cultivars

19,825

Chen, Nilahyane Enhancing water and nitrogen use efficiency in sugarbeet under no-till

37,356

Eberly, Jones, Carr, Fordyce

Improving nitrogen management in Montana dryland soils by determining the contribution of microbial mineralization to nitrogen availability

30,000

Engel, Jones, Carr, Lane, Powell

Understanding acidification and management of Montana soils

30,000

Ewing, Brookshire, Klassen, Dobeck, Jones, Payn, et al

Research Analytical Chemist, Environmental Analytical Laboratory

30,000

Giroux, Oiestad Examining the Role of Nitrogen in Wheat Growth and Yield in Response to Increased Starch Biosynthesis

34,000

Glunk-Meccage,Peterson

Impact of Sulfur fertili2018 Proposals for FY 2019 Fundszation rate and timing on forage quality, yield, and persistence in cool-season perennial grass stands

35,208

Maxwell, Silverman, Broyles, Merja, Van Dyke, Wood

On-farm experiments to optimizing site-specific application of nitrogen fertilizer rates to maximize producer profits

30,000

Miller, Jones, Bekkerman, Ewing, Larson

Long-term N management in alternative crop rotations 24,922

Miller, Jones, Zabinski, Bourgault, et al

Advancing cover crop knowledge in Montana: Soil fertility implications

35,000

Sherman, Carr, McVay Relationship between fertility management and malt quality in low protein barley

30,000


Making Nutrient Management Planning Compliance a RealityBy CropLife Staff | March 2019

Reading and in-terpreting a nutri-ent management plan (NMP) can be intimidating.

The plan has a lot of charts, numbers, and symbols. Restriction maps include a lot of squiggly lines, different colored hash marks, and a multitude of setback symbols that aren’t immediately obvious.

“While all of these pieces are vitally important, we can approach the NMP with a very simple concept: everything in the plan is there to minimize the risk of nutrients that you apply leaving the field,” ex-plains Zach Sutter, Nutrient Management Planning Specialist with Rock River Laboratory. With this in mind, there are a few things Sutter recommends growers think about before they even open their NMP to ensure that they remain in compliance:

1. There are two ways nutrients leave the field: down and off.

“Due to the way nitrogen interacts with the soil, it can easily move down through the soil profile and into groundwater when conditions are right,” says Sutter. “Certain soil types are higher risk than others.”

On wet soils and soils that have shallow depth to bedrock, Sutter explains that the groundwater (or the path to groundwater) is simply closer to the area of nutrient application and plant growth. On permeable soils (sandy soils), nitrogen does not cling to soil particles and water moves quickly through the soil profile. “Growers know their soils better than anyone. Think about which fields might contain these risky soil types and refer to your plan or plan writer for how to safely apply nitrogen on them,” recommends Sutter.

Phosphorus is primarily a risk if it leaves the field and enters a waterbody (lake, stream, pond, river, etc.). Sutter shares, “I like to think of it this way: if there was a flat field with no waterbody nearby, there would be minimal risk of phosphorus leaving that field and entering a waterbody. Even in a worst-case scenario, much of the phosphorus that does leave the field would be absorbed by forest and grassland before it reaches a waterbody.” He advises farmers to think about what fields might be high risk and refer to their plan and plan writer for information on management options for high-risk fields.

2. The risk of nutrients leaving the field increases as the time between application of nutrients and establishment of a growing crop increases.

Soil loss inevitably means nutrient loss. It is an un-fortunate fact of our weather and cropping systems that our fields are likely to be bare, or have minimal cover, during the times of highest risk for soil loss (i.e., high precipitation in spring, before planting, and fall after harvest). Sutter explains management decisions that reduce soil loss, such as reducing tillage, cropping on the contour, planting cover crops, and installing buffer areas, will make compli-ance easier.

Winter manure applications are the most restrictive elements of an NMP, and require careful attention to

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rate and placement to remain in compliance.

“Contrary to some rumors you might have heard out in the countryside, manure can be applied on most farms in the winter,” says Sutter. “Winter manure applications are the most restrictive elements of an NMP, and require careful attention to rate and placement to remain in compliance.”

Fall nitrogen applications can be a risk when applied on sensitive soils described above. “Fall applications of commercial nitrogen are mostly not allowed. Manure is allowed on fall nitrogen restricted soils, but there are restrictions based on the soil type,” says Sutter. He advises, “If it isn’t possible to wait until spring to haul on these soils, refer to your plan and plan writer for options. Management practices for compliance include: rate limitations, waiting until soil temperatures have cooled, surface applying ma-nure, and use of nitrification inhibitors.”

If the principles of nutrient management planning are simple, the rules, regulations, and procedures for putting a plan together are far from it. One big chal-lenge is keeping up to date with regulations. Sutter shares, “In the past few years, erosion factors known as “T” and “K” numbers for many Wisconsin soils, have been updated by the Natural Resources Conser-vation Service (NRCS). The NRCS has also put out a new 590 Standard which has been incorporated into Ag, Trade, and Consumer Protection (ATCP) Code 50 by the Wisconsin Department of Agricul-ture, Trade and Consumer Protection (DATCP). Fi-nally, the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) has revised Natural Resource (NR) Code 151 to include new performance standards for shallow soils over Silurian dolomite bedrock.”

If it sounds like it must be a full-time job to keep up with all these acronyms and administrative codes, that’s because it is. Professional NMP writers must be certified [Certified Crop Advisor (CCA) is the most common] and participate in continuing educa-tion to maintain certification.

“CCAs develop relationships with the various government agencies receiving NMPs, so that the grower can focus on implementing the plan in the field rather than having to worry about details like the submission process or plan formatting,” ex-plains Sutter.

An NMP is a tool. It is a tool for staying in compli-ance with rules and regulations, and it is a tool for managing a farm sustainably and profitably. Under-standing NMPs will make compliance easier and unlock the potential economic and sustainability benefits that come along with creating and following such plans. But growers don’t have to understand each and every nuance of the multitude of rules and regulations governing NMPs.

As Sutter shares, “Understanding the basic princi-ples of nutrient management planning and hiring a CCA to write the plan allows the grower to focus on in-field implementation and have the ease of mind that on the “on paper” compliance is being handled effectively and responsibly by a professional.” ■

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Attention Certified Crop Advisors

CCA TRAINING AUGUST 8, 2019HUNTLEY RESEARCH STATION

Contact Clark Schmidt at [email protected]

for more information


“Growth Through Change”2019 MABA/MGEA ANNUAL CONVENTION – SUCCESS!The Montana Agricultural Business Association (MABA) and the Mon-tana Grain Elevator Association (MGEA) pride themselves on bringing our members timely, thought provoking and innovate information as the key elements of the annual joint convention.

Pesticide Recertification Agronomic Workshop

The Wednesday morning Pesticide Recertification Agronomic Work-shop was well attended and presentations ranging from soil disease and research and trial, error, and success in 25 years of sprayer research. MABA recognizes the importance of providing high quality educational opportunities so that our applicators have the latest information, are safe, and are given the tools necessary for them to provide their services in a professional manner.

The Joys of Stress

David Okerlund, Agricultural Speakers Network, kicked off the session with his presentation on challenges and opportunities of working our stressful careers in agriculture. Mr. Okerlund created a great starting message for the event and helped membership grasp the true value of what our members provide in the world of agriculture.

The upbeat message continued throughout the session as attendees attended various sessions focusing on electronic logging devices, waste pesticide disposal and recycling program, North American trade chal-lenges and opportunities, and identifying herbicide injury and sympto-mology in varying Montana conditions.

Benefit Auction

The Thursday night benefit auction has become quite the tradition at the annual convention. This event raises funds for groups or events that further agriculture in Montana. We want to express our sincere appreci-ation to our members who attend the auction and support these worth-while groups! This year the net proceeds of the auction were donated to the Yellowstone Boys and Girls Ranch, Montana FFA Foundation, and Montana 4H Foundation. There will be a scholarship of at least $500 granted to an FFA student and a 4H student every year as the result. ■


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Spring Nitrogen, Sulfur and Chloride Fertilizer Adjustments for Wet and Cold SoilBy Clain Jones, MSU Extension soil fertility specialist in the Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences

Spring soil water content and temperatures need to be considered when calculating spring fertilizer rates. Many Montana regions east of the Continental

Divide received several more inches of precipitation than average over the last 6 months (Figure 1) with a very cold February and early March, making fields cold and wet, with delayed planting.

Cool temperatures slow decomposition of plant res-idue and conversion of urea or ammonium fertilizer to plant available nitrogen for early spring growth. Higher than normal precipitation can also lead to nitrogen, sulfur and chloride leaching. Water-logged soils also increase nitrogen loss as gas and the occur-rence of disease, and decrease plant nutrient uptake due to poor root growth.

Delayed seeding and cold soil may lower yield po-tentials, thus total nutrients needed, yet wetter than normal soils could increase yield potentials. Either way, providing small amounts of nitrogen, sulfur and chloride at seeding can give the plants a boost. Since these nutrients move easily with soil water, they can be either broadcast or applied with the seed. Broadcast application speeds up seeding and reduces the risk of seedling damage from high rates of seed-placed fertilizer. Side banding or double shooting is also an option to provide early fertilizer with low risk to germination.

Salt or ammonia injury to seedlings increases with warmer, drier, and coarser soils. Use the South Dakota State University/International Plant Institute Seed Damage Calculator for guidelines based on crop and seed bed conditions (http://seed-damage-cal-culator.herokuapp.com). For example, 7 pounds nitrogen per acre (units of nitrogen) as urea when seed-placed with canola in a fine textured moist soil with a 2-inch opener and 12-inch row spacing could cause 10% stand loss. With the same opening and row spacing, but in moist coarse soil, only 3 unit of nitrogen would cause same stand loss. Cereals are more tolerant.

To determine if nitrogen has been lost from a field, spring soil test for available nitrate in the top 6-inches and in the 6-inch to 2 foot depth (3 foot, if possible). If nitrogen leaches only a few inches, then young roots will soon reach the nitrogen if they are healthy. Nitrogen leached lower in the root zone is not nec-essarily a total loss. If the roots reach deep nitrogen sources near the time of flowering, the nitrogen boost can increase grain protein. However, in coarse or shallow soils, leached nitrogen may be beyond the depth of even mature roots.

Soil testing is not reliable to determine sulfur avail-ability. Visual symptoms (upper yellow leaves) along with soil type and location in the landscape can help determine plant sulfur deficiency. Loam or more coarse-textured soils, especially on eroded ridgetops, are more susceptible to sulfur deficiency. If a com-parison of fall and spring soil nitrate test indicates that nitrogen leached, then it is highly likely sulfate and chloride also leached. Target 30 pounds available chloride (soil plus fertilizer) per acre in the top 2 feet on small grains.

Patience may be the best approach if nutrients did not leach out of reach, or if poor uptake is temporary because of water-saturated soils. Nutrient deficient areas may not be large enough to warrant special treatment. However, watch for wide scale early symp-


toms of nutrient deficiency. Yields could be lost by being too patient, and a rescue treatment could be worthwhile. Timely top-dress should help the crop green-up and encourage faster root growth to ‘catch up’ to nitrogen that has moved out of reach of shallow, young roots.

Nitrogen deficiency commonly shows as uniform yellow discoloration from the leaf tip backward, appearing in older leaves first. Even legumes may be nitrogen deficient if they are unable to fix their own nitrogen or take up sufficient nitrogen. Sulfur deficiency also causes uniform yellow-ing, but shows up on upper, younger leaves first. In contrast, yellowing due to disease or lack of other nutrients is usually non-uniform, striped or spotty. Chloride deficiency shows up as spots on certain varieties of wheat or when whole above ground plant chloride levels in wheat at the boot stage are less than 0.12 percent chloride.

A rescue treatment for nitrogen is 10 to 20 units of nitrogen applied as 28 or 32 percent urea ammonium nitrate solution (3 to 6 gallons per acre). Ammonium-based products contain nitrogen that is immediately available, unlike urea. Rescue treatment for sulfur is to apply 3 to 5 units of sulfur as granular ammonium sulfate (21-0-0-24) or as a liquid sulfur formulation. If it is hard to distinguish whether nitrogen or sulfur is lacking, ammonium sulfate application helps with both nutrients.

A rescue treatment for chloride deficiency is approximately 5 units of chloride as liquid or granular potassium chloride (potash; 0-0-60). This may accelerate kernel development.

With all foliar applications be aware of potential leaf burn. Streamer bars minimize burn especially if more than 25 units of nitrogen are applied. The risk of burn increases when herbicides, fungicides, surfactants, or sulfur are included in a mix with nitrogen. In these cases, don’t exceed 15 units of nitrogen if applied with a flat fan. Burn should not be an issue if nitrogen is put through a pivot, because the concentration of nitrogen in the irrigation water will be very low.

Broadcast applications are best followed by half-inch of irrigation or rainfall within a couple of days to minimize nitrogen loss as ammonia gas, and to force nitrogen into the root zone. This is also true for foliar applications because only a small portion is absorbed through the leaf. The rest needs to be washed off and into the soil to be taken up by roots.

More information on soil fertility is available at the Montana State University Soil Fertility Extension website http://landresources.montana.edu/soilfertility. Nutrient deficiency symptoms are shown at http://landresources.montana.edu/soilfertility/nutrientdeficiencies.html and de-scribed in Nutrient Management Module No. 9. If you have questions, contact Clain Jones, MSU Extension Soil Fertility Specialist, [email protected], or 406-994-6076. ■

MAY15 MABA Scholarship Applications

DUE – Helena

JUNE14 MGEA Scholarship Golf

Tournament - Lewistown

17-20 Montana Seed Trade Assoc. Summer Meeting - Bozeman

18 USDA-ARS/MSU-EARC/Ext. Dry Land Field Tour – Sidney

27 MSU Field Day Northern Ag Research Center - Havre

JULY2 Richland Pulse Plot Tour - Richland

10 MSU Field Day Central Ag Research Center - Moccasin

10 Williston Research Ext. Center Irrigated Field Day - Williston, ND

10 Dickinson Research Ext. Center Field Day – Dickinson, ND

10 MABA Board Meeting – Great Falls

11 MABA/MGEA Convention Planning Meeting – Great Falls

16 MSU Field Day Eastern Ag Research Center - Sidney

16 Carrington Research Extension Center Crop Management Field School – Carrington, ND

17 North Central REC Field Tour – Minot, ND

18 MSU Field Day Northwestern Ag Research Center - Creston

18 Langdon Research Extension Center Field Day – Langdon, ND

Calendar continued on next page


BayerJames CurryBellingham, [email protected]

CibusAmanda MeyerWinnipeg, Manitoba, [email protected]

Garret [email protected]

CortevaCaroline SilveiraSacramento, [email protected]

Warren McDougalBennington, [email protected]

FMC Ag ProductsJohn RaislerBeach, ND701-371-8966

Chris BargeBelgrade, MT • [email protected]

Katie KratkyRapelje, MT • [email protected]

Mike SeyfertWashington, DC • [email protected]

Nutrien - ESNJake YatesBillings, [email protected]

Henry McBoomPocatello, [email protected]

Todd LatimerCalgary, [email protected]

Nutrien Ag Solutions, IncJeremy JensenTwin Falls, [email protected]

Syngenta Crop ProtectionDavid FlakneMadison, [email protected]

Western Plant Health Assn.Renee PinelSacramento, [email protected]

Than k you!

P.O. Box 7325

Helena, MT 59604

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PAIDHelena, MT 59601

Permit No. 221

CORPORATE SUSTAINING MEMBERS

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TS 23 MSU Field Day Post Agronomy

Farm - Bozeman

25 MSU Field Day Western Ag Research Center - Corvallis

AUGUST8 CCA Summer Training – Huntley

Research Station

16-17 National Lentil Festival – Pullman, WA

OCTOBERTBA MABA Board to Washington, DC

11 Northeast Montana Ag Expo – Valley Event Center – Glasgow

NOVEMBER1 MABA Board Meeting – Bozeman

1-2 MSU Ag Appreciation Weekend – Bozeman

10-17 National Split Pea Soup Week

13-14 Montana Pulse Day - Bozeman

DECEMBER3 MABA Board Meeting –

Great Falls

JANUARY 202021-25 MABA/MGEA Annual

Convention and Trade Show – Great Falls

27-28 Northern Pulse Grower Association Annual Convention & Trade Show – Minot, ND

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