Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.
-
Upload
katrina-haynes -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
1
Transcript of Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.
![Page 1: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Growing Grapes in Wisconsin
By
Dr. Robert Tomesh
UW-Extension Specialist
![Page 2: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Wisconsin Challenges with Growing Grapes
• Bud injury occurs between -10 and -25 degrees F.
• Select cultivars which mature within your growing season (frost free period).
• Success depends upon selected cultural management practices
![Page 4: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Bud Injury
• NY Bulletin – “Don’t plant grapes in any area receiving temperatures below -10 degrees F.
• FYI – Strawberry buds show flower damage at temperatures below 15 degrees F. (Mulch, straw, snow, etc.)
![Page 5: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Mulch Trials
• 1989 winter air temperature at – 40 F at Spooner ARS.
--Bluebelle yields from unprotected vines on trellis…..2# per plant average
--Bluebelle yields from protected (snow mulch) vines …..12 # per plant average
![Page 7: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Heat Unit Accumulation Base 50
![Page 8: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Cultivar Choices - Hardiness
• Valiant• Beta (Alpha)• King of the North
(Jung’s Nursery)• Suelter• Bluebelle• MN 78• Eona
• Swenson Red• Eidelweiss• Other Swenson cvs.• Worden• Fredonia• Concord
![Page 9: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Cultivar Choices - Maturity
• Valiant (late Aug.)• Beta• Swenson Red (early
Sept.)• MN 78• Bluebelle (mid to late
Sept.) • Eidelweiss
• Eona• Suelter (late Sept.)• King of the North• Worden• Fredonia (early to mid
Oct.)• Concord
![Page 10: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Recent Introductions
• St Croix• St. Pepin• Lacrosse• Kay Gray• Espirit• Frontenac (wine type)• Prairie Star• Louise Swenson
• Swenson White• Skujinsh 675 (Latvia)
–ripens early and in cool seasons
• Zilga (Lativa)• Kandiyohi • Summer Sweet
(early, late Aug.)
![Page 11: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Botany and Propagation
![Page 12: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Pre-flowering showing cluster, leaf, and leaf shoot
![Page 13: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Flowering
![Page 14: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Flowers to Fruit
![Page 15: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Getting Started
• Site Selection – full sun
• Sources of vines – propagation
• Spacing 10 x 10
• Build the trellis before planting
• Plan training system
![Page 16: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Planting Vines
• Early spring is the best time to plant grapevines.
• Fall planting is not recommended because plants are likely to be lost to heaving.
• During the first year, the vines are normally tied to a stake to keep them off the ground.
![Page 17: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Training System4–Cane Kniffin
![Page 18: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Training SystemSingle Curtain
![Page 19: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Training SystemOpen Fan
![Page 20: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Fan System(with mulch potential)
![Page 21: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Winter Mulch
• Snow
• Bury in Soil
• Use organic mulch (hay, straw, etc…mice can be a problem.)
• Uncover and trellis before spring growth begins.
![Page 22: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Spur and Cane Training
![Page 23: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Cane Pruning Systems
![Page 24: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Pruning
• Annual pruning is important in maintaining a uniform yearly production of quality fruit.
• The best time to prune grapevines is in the dormant season after the danger of severe cold weather has past.
• When ‘Lay-down’ management is used, prune mildly in fall and complete pruning at spring trellising.
![Page 25: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Fruiting Cane/Fruit
![Page 26: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Training SystemLazy ‘J’ for Horizontal Lay-down
![Page 27: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Planting for Training System
![Page 28: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Seasonal Pruning(About 40 buds per plant)
![Page 29: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Summer Growth
![Page 30: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Summer Growth
![Page 31: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Before Spring Pruning
![Page 32: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Save canes from last seasons growth…contains fruiting buds
![Page 33: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Planning for Summer Growth
![Page 34: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Spring Pruned
![Page 35: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Training a New Trunk(Used to replace old/damaged)
![Page 36: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Fertilizing
• Grapes perform best where the soil pH is between 5.0 and 6.0.
• Apply 8 ounces of 10-10-10 fertilizer per plant seven days after planting .
• Annually apply 11/2 pounds (10-10-10) per vine in the third and later years about 30 days before new growth begins in the spring.
![Page 37: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Fertilizer Application
Do not concentrate fertilizer at the base of the trunk. Keep fertilizer 6 to 12 inches from the trunk and spread evenly under the spread of the vine.
![Page 38: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Weed Management/Mulch
• For best vine performance, avoid using thick organic mulches…heat needed for growth.
• Use tillage, herbicides or black plastic mulch to control weeds.
![Page 39: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Diseases
• Common grape diseases are black rot, downy mildew, powdery mildew, phomopsis cane and leaf spot, and botrytis bunch rot or gray rot.
• Proper spacing for air circulation.
• Consider a disease pesticide program.
• Use organic Bordeaux and horticultural oils.
![Page 40: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Insects
• Major insects and mites on grapes are grape berry moth, Japanese beetle, grape flea beetle, European red mite, grape root borer, and grape phylloxera.
![Page 41: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Herbicide Injury
![Page 42: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Grape Phyloxera
![Page 43: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Summary of Cultural Practices
• Select cultivars to match your climate
• Train vines for winter and summer
• Weed control, black plastic
• Fertilize before spring growth begins
• Prune annually
• Winter care: hardy cultivars, otherwise lay-down and rely on snow mulch or bury.
![Page 44: Growing Grapes in Wisconsin By Dr. Robert Tomesh UW-Extension Specialist.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649ce65503460f949b4827/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
The End