Group_Decision_Support_System

8/7/2019 Group_Decision_Support_System

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Group Decision SupportGroup Decision Support

SystemSystem


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PhasePhase

Intelligence

Design

Choice

Implementation


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IntelligenceIntelligence--

ANN,MIS,DataMining,OLAP,ES,ERPANN,MIS,DataMining,OLAP,ES,ERP DesignDesign--

ESS,ES,SCM,CRM,ERP,KMSESS,ES,SCM,CRM,ERP,KMS

ImplementationImplementation--ESS,ES,KMS,ERPESS,ES,KMS,ERP


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AA GroupGroup DecisionDecision SupportSupport SystemSystem (GDSS)(GDSS) isis anan

interactive,interactive, computercomputer--basedbased systemsystem thatthat helpshelps aa teamteam

ofof decisiondecision--makersmakers solvesolve problemsproblems andand makemake

choiceschoices.. GDSSGDSS areare targetedtargeted toto supportingsupporting groupsgroups inin

analyzinganalyzing problemproblem situationssituations andand inin performingperforming

groupgroup decisiondecision--makingmaking taskstasks.. AA GDSSGDSS isis aa hybridhybrid

systemsystem thatthat usesuses anan elaborateelaborate communicationscommunications

infrastructureinfrastructure andand heuristicheuristic andand quantitativequantitative modelsmodels

toto supportsupport decisiondecision--makingmaking.. ContainsContains mostmost ofof thethe

elementselements ofof DSSDSS plusplus softwaresoftware toto provideprovide effectiveeffective

supportsupport inin groupgroup decisiondecision--makingmaking settingssettings


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Databases

Model base GDSS processor GDSS software

Dialogue

manager External databaseaccess

Users

Access to the internet

and corporate intranet,networks, and other

computer system

Externaldatabases


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Problems with Large MeetingsProblems with Large Meetings

time consumingtime consuming

dominance over meetingsdominance over meetings

honesty and participationhonesty and participation


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Decision RoomDecision Room

AA DecisionDecision RoomRoom refersrefers toto thethe physicalphysical

arrangementarrangement forfor usingusing aa GroupGroup DSSDSS.. InIn aa

singlesingle room,room, workstationsworkstations areare mademade

availableavailable toto participantsparticipants.. TheThe objectiveobjective inin

usingusing aa DecisionDecision RoomRoom isis toto enhanceenhance andand

improveimprove thethe group'sgroup's decisiondecision--makingmaking

processprocess..


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Decision RoomDecision Room For decision makers located in the same geographicFor decision makers located in the same geographic

area or buildingarea or building

Use of computing devices, special software,Use of computing devices, special software,

networking capabilities, display equipment, and anetworking capabilities, display equipment, and asession leadersession leader

Collect, coordinate, and feed back organizedCollect, coordinate, and feed back organized

information to help a group make a decisioninformation to help a group make a decision

Combines faceCombines face--toto--face verbal interaction withface verbal interaction with

technologytechnology--aided formalizationaided formalization


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Characteristics of a Decision Room include:Characteristics of a Decision Room include:

11)) EachEach participantparticipant hashas aa computercomputer workstationworkstation

22)) AA leaderleader (facilitator)(facilitator) coordinatescoordinates thethe meetingmeeting

33)) TheThe roomroom hashas aa displaydisplay screenscreen thatthat allallparticipantsparticipants cancan viewview

44)) ComputersComputers areare networkednetworked andand client/serverclient/serverarchitecturearchitecture isis usedused

55)) SpecializedSpecialized softwaresoftware isis availableavailable toto allallparticipantsparticipants


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Electronic Meeting SystemElectronic Meeting System

An EMS is a form of GSS that supportsAn EMS is a form of GSS that supports

anytime/anyplace meetings.anytime/anyplace meetings.


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Components of a GDSS and GDSSComponents of a GDSS and GDSS

SoftwareSoftware DatabaseDatabase Model baseModel base

Dialogue managerDialogue manager

Communication capabilityCommunication capability

Special software (also called GroupWare)Special software (also called GroupWare)

E.g., Lotus NotesE.g., Lotus Notes

people located around the world work on the samepeople located around the world work on the sameproject, documents, and files, efficiently and at theproject, documents, and files, efficiently and at thesame timesame time


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CSCW is an acronym for Computer Supported

Cooperative Work. It is the scientific discipline that

motivates and validates groupware design. CSCW is

technology independent which means technology isnot the major driving force behind the discipline.

Instead, CSCW is socially dependent. It looks at the

way people interact and collaborate with each other,

and attempts to develop guidelines for developingtechnology to assist in the communication process.

.


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Groupware is the hardware and software

which supports and augments group work.

Groupware applications are not meant to

replace people in an interactive situation


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Similarities Between GDSS and DSSSimilarities Between GDSS and DSS

Both use models, data and userBoth use models, data and user--friendly softwarefriendly software

Both are interactive with whatBoth are interactive with what--if capabilitiesif capabilities

Both use internal and external dataBoth use internal and external data

Both allow the decision maker to take an activeBoth allow the decision maker to take an active

rolerole

Bothhave flexible systemsBothhave flexible systems

Bothhave graphical outputBothhave graphical output


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Why Use GDSS?Why Use GDSS?

Highlevelmanagers can spend 80% oftheirHighlevelmanagers can spend 80% oftheir

time making decisions in groups. Appliedtime making decisions in groups. Applied

correctly, GDSS can reduce this time,correctly, GDSS can reduce this time,

arriving at a better decision faster.arriving at a better decision faster.

GDSS provides the hardware, software,GDSS provides the hardware, software,

databases and procedures for effectivedatabases and procedures for effective

decision making.decision making.


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Advantages of GDSSAdvantages of GDSS

AnonymityAnonymity drive out fear leading to better decisions from adrive out fear leading to better decisions from adiverse hierarchy of decision makersdiverse hierarchy of decision makers

ParallelCommunicationParallelCommunication eliminate monopolizing providingeliminate monopolizing providingincreased participation, better decisionsincreased participation, better decisions

Automated record keepingAutomated record keeping

no need to take notes, theyreno need to take notes, theyreautomatically recordedautomatically recorded

Ability for virtualmeetingsAbility for virtualmeetings only need hardware, softwareonly need hardware, softwareand people connectedand people connected

PortabilityPortability -- Can be set up to be portable laptopCan be set up to be portable laptop

GlobalPotentialGlobalPotential -- People can be connected across the worldPeople can be connected across the world

No need for a computer guruNo need for a computer guru although some basicalthough some basicexperience is a mustexperience is a must


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Disadvantages of GDSSDisadvantages of GDSS CostCost

infrastructure costs to provide the hardware andinfrastructure costs to provide the hardware and

software/room/network connectivity can be very expensivesoftware/room/network connectivity can be very expensive

SecuritySecurity especially true when companies rent the facilitiesespecially true when companies rent the facilitiesfor GDSS; also, the facilitator may be a lowerfor GDSS; also, the facilitator may be a lower--level employeelevel employeewho may leak information to peerswho may leak information to peers

Technical FailureTechnical Failure power loss, loss of connectivity, reliespower loss, loss of connectivity, reliesheavily on bandwidth and LAN/WAN infrastructureheavily on bandwidth and LAN/WAN infrastructure properly setup system should minimize this riskproperly setup system should minimize this risk

Keyboarding SkillsKeyboarding Skills reduced participation may result due toreduced participation may result due to

frustrationfrustration TrainingTraining learning curve is present for users, varies bylearning curve is present for users, varies by

situationsituation

Perception ofmessagesPerception ofmessages lack of verbal communication couldlack of verbal communication couldlead to misinterpretationlead to misinterpretation


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Typical GDSSProcessTypical GDSSProcess

)) Group Leader (and Facilitator?) select software, developGroup Leader (and Facilitator?) select software, developagendaagenda

2)Participants meet (in decision room/Internet) and are given a2)Participants meet (in decision room/Internet) and are given atask.task.

3)Participants generate ideas3)Participants generate ideas brainstorm anonymouslybrainstorm anonymously

4) Facilitator organize ideas into categories (different for user4) Facilitator organize ideas into categories (different for user--driven software)driven software)

5) Discussion and prioritization5) Discussion and prioritization mayinvolve ranking by somemayinvolve ranking by somecriteria and/or rating to the facilitators scalecriteria and/or rating to the facilitators scale

6) RepeatSteps 3, 4, 5 as necessary6) RepeatSteps 3, 4, 5 as necessary7) Reach decision7) Reach decision

8) Recommend providing feedback on decision and results to all8) Recommend providing feedback on decision and results to allinvolvedinvolved


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Best Uses Of GDSSBest Uses Of GDSS

Complex decision makingComplex decision making

For Large GroupsFor Large Groups a meeting of 2 or 3 people does nota meeting of 2 or 3 people does not

justify GDSS investmentjustify GDSS investment

Group_Decision_Support_System

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