Group of Service Companies “MORINZHGEOLOGIA” · The Group of Service Companies...

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Group of Service Companies “MORINZHGEOLOGIA” Member of the Russian Oil & Gas Builders Union JSC “MORINZHGEOLOGIA” http://www.morinzhgeologia.ru/ METHODS AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE EXECUTION OF HYDROGRAPHICAL OPERATIONS AND INSPECTION OF UNDERWATER PIPELINES

Transcript of Group of Service Companies “MORINZHGEOLOGIA” · The Group of Service Companies...

Page 1: Group of Service Companies “MORINZHGEOLOGIA” · The Group of Service Companies “Morinzhgeologia” is a Member of the Russian Oil & Gas ... preparation of design documentation

Group of Service Companies “MORINZHGEOLOGIA”

Member of the Russian Oil & Gas Builders Union

JSC “MORINZHGEOLOGIA” http://www.morinzhgeologia.ru/

METHODS AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE EXECUTION OF HYDROGRAPHICAL OPERATIONS AND INSPECTION

OF UNDERWATER PIPELINES

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The Group of Service Companies “Morinzhgeologia” is a Member of the Russian Oil & Gas Builders Union and is a partner of Non-Commercial Partnership “Central Association of Organisations Executing Engineering Surveys for Construction” (NP “Centrizyskaniya”) and has a Certificate of clearance for engineering-geological and geotechnical surveys. The companies’ activities comply with the requirements of the standards ISO 9001:2008 and ISO 14001:2004 (certified by the Lloyd’s Register).

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The enterprise has a Certificate of the Russian Maritime Register of conformity with the requirements for the maintenance of offshore pipelines.

The enterprise possesses up-to-date hardware, software and equipment, which allow acquiring detailed and objective information about the geotechnical conditions at the sites of planned installation of offshore structures and along pipeline routes, and to evaluate the condition of pipelines and offshore structures and execute their monitoring.

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Translated from Russian

Self-Regulating organisation based on the membership of persons executing engineering surveys Non-Commercial Partnership

"Central Association of Organisations for Engineering Surveys for Construction "Centrizyskaniya" (NP "Centrizyskaniya")

20 Structure 1 Bolshoy Balkanskiy Per., Moscow, 129090, www.np-ciz.ru, Registration Number in the State Register of Self-Regulating Organisations

SRO-I-003-14092009

The City of Moscow November 23, 2012

CERTIFICATE on access to certain type or types of activities, which influence the safety of objects of capital construction

No. 0457.04-2009-40003165071-I-003 Issued to Member of Self-Regulating Organisation: Joint Stock Company Research and Production Firm “Morinzhgeologia”, INN 40003165071, 5/67 Reznas Street, Riga, Latvia, LV-2101 Basis for the issue of the Certificate: Decision of the Board of NP "Centrizyskaniya", Protocol No. 90 of November 23, 2012. This Certificate confirms the access to the operations, mentioned in the Annex to this Certificate, which influence the safety of objects of capital construction Valid from: November 23, 2012 The Certificate is invalid without the Annex. This Certificate has been issued without the limitation of the term and territory where it is valid. This Certificate has been issued instead the earlier issued SRO-I-003-14092009-00902 of 12.05.2011. President (signature, seal) L.G. Kushnir General Director (signature) A.V. Akimov

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Annex to Certificate on access to certain type or types of activities, which influence the safety of objects of capital construction No. 0457.04-2009-40003165071-I-003 of 23.11.2012

Types of activities, which influence the safety of objects of capital construction (except particularly hazardous and technically complex objects, objects aimed at the

utilisation of atomic energy)1 and on the access to which the member of Non-Commercial Partnership

"Central Association of Organisations for Engineering Surveys for Construction "Centrizyskaniya" – Joint Stock Company Research and Production Firm "Morinzhgeologia" has the Certificate

No. Name of the type of operations2 1. 2. Operations within the framework of engineering-geological surveys

2.1. Geotechnical mapping at the scale 1:500 – 1:25000. 2.2. Excavation of mine workings with sampling, laboratory investigations of physical and mechanical parameters of soils and chemical properties of groundwater samples. 2.3. Investigations of hazardous geological and geotechnical processes with the preparation of recommendations for the engineering protection of the territory. 2.5. Engineering-geophysical investigations.

2. 5. Operations within the framework of engineering-geotechnical surveys (Are carried out within the framework of engineering-geological surveys or separately in the territory investigated by engineering-geological surveys for separate buildings and structures) 5.1. Excavation of mine workings with sampling, laboratory investigations of mechanical parameters of soils with the determination of parameters for concrete procedures of calculations of the foundation bases. 5.2. Field testing of soils with the determination of their standard strength and deformation parameters (static plate load tests, shift tests, pressure meter tests, shear tests). Testing of specimen and full-scale piles. 5.3. Determination of standard mechanical parameters of soils using the methods of cone penetration testing, standard penetration testing, dynamic and boring testing.

has the right to conclude contracts for the execution of the organization of operations for , the cost of which does not exceed (comprises) 3 (the sum in figures and words in the Roubles of the Russian Federation) President (signature, seal) L.G. Kushnir General Director (signature) A.V. Akimov 1 Depending on the type of objects of capital construction, the following must be mentioned: “objects of capital construction, including particularly hazardous and technically complex objects of capital construction, objects aimed at the utilisation of atomic energy” or “objects of capital construction, including particularly hazardous and technically complex objects of capital construction (except objects aimed at the utilisation of atomic energy)” or “objects of capital construction (except particularly hazardous and technically complex objects of capital construction, objects aimed at the utilisation of atomic energy)”. 2 The types of operations are indicated in accordance with the List of types of operations aimed at engineering surveys, preparation of design documentation, construction, reconstruction, overhaul of objects of capital construction, which influence the safety of objects of capital construction, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation No. 624 of December 30, 2009 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on April 15, 2010, Reg. No. 16902; Rossiyskaya Gazeta, 2010, No. 88), as amended by the Order of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation No. 294 of June 23, 2010 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on August 9, 2010, Reg. No. 18086; Rossiyskaya Gazeta, 2010, No. 180). 3 The following must be mentioned: “construction, reconstruction, overhaul of objects of capital construction” or “preparation of design documentation for objects of capital construction”.

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Professional inspection of pipelines is a preventive measure and ‘insurance’ against technical risks. The reasons are obvious: a defect undetected in time can cause a breakdown or even disaster.

Offshore pipelines are under the supervision of the Maritime Register and their utilization must comply with “Guidelines on Technical Supervision of Construction and Operation of Marine Underwater Pipelines” - NDД No. 2-030301-001 (in Russia and CIS), or with “Offshore Standard DNV-OS-F101 Submarine Pipeline Systems” (Det Norske Veritas). In accordance with those documents, companies – owners of offshore pipelines must carry out periodic inspections in order to acquire data on the condition and position of their pipelines, as a result of which maintenance and, if necessary, repairs must be conducted. The following tasks are performed during the inspection of pipelines:

Task Method of execution Utilized equipment Identification of surface damage, deformations, mechanical damage and corrosion of oil and gas pipelines

Video and photo shooting and comments

Localization of crossings and identification of condition

Video and photo shooting and comments

Localization and check-up of utilization of anodes

Video shooting and comments

Determination of actual condition of disposable anodes

Visual confirmation of presence of disposable anodes

Colour photo and video cameras and black and white camera with heightened sensitivity for shooting the conditions of low lighting

Check-up of functioning of anodes Measurement of potential of cathodic protection

Probe of the type Proximity CP Probe

Determination of actual thickness of walls of trunk pipelines

Measurements of actual thickness of walls of trunk pipelines

Ultrasonic thickness gauge of the Сygnus type

Control of condition of welds (as a rule, executed only in risers and problematic areas)

Ultrasonic flaw detection Ultrasonic control system (UT) for weld testing

Check-up in order to identify pipeline free spans and determine their length and height

Side-scan sonar surveys Scanning using an ultrasonic scanner Video shooting and comments

Side-scan sonar Dual head scanner

Identification of seabed conditions Side-scan sonar surveys Video shooting and comments

Video cameras

Inspection to identify pipeline instability Video shooting and comments Video cameras Check-up of riser condition and condition of riser clamps

Video shooting and comments Video cameras

Check-up to identify any other anomalies Video shooting and comments Video cameras Check-up to identify any obstacles Video shooting and comments

Scanning sonar surveys Video cameras Scanning sonar

Measurements of depth of pipe burial in soil

Electromagnetic surveys Electromagnetic route finder of the type TSS440

In order to carry out an inspection, the following must be available: - a vessel with unlimited sailing area, equipped with a high accuracy satellite positioning system (GPS); a positioning system and thrusters are desirable to ensure the vessel movement along the pipeline at low speed with the existing wind and current load on the vessel, an underwater acoustic navigation system for accurate determination of the positions of underwater objects and a towed vehicle; - an underwater remotely operated vehicle (ROV) with useful load of 30-100 kg (depending on the performed task); - ROV tools depending on the performed tasks: - 1-2 video cameras, a manipulator, a system for measuring the potentials of anodes of the pipeline cathodic protection system, an underwater thickness meter to measure the thickness of pipeline walls, - optional: - a side-scan sonar, a scanning sonar, a system to determine the depth of the pipe burial using the electromagnetic route finder of the type TSS440, dual head scanning profiler (also measuring the pipeline “free span”) etc.

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The composition of equipment depends on the scope of work in accordance with the client’s requirements.

As a rule, the inspection of a pipeline is conducted in 2 stages.

The 1st stage. The inspection of the seabed surface in the pipeline “corridor” from the board of a vessel using geophysical and hydrographical methods: – water depth measurements using either a single-beam or a multi-beam echo sounder in order to determine the actual water depth and to evaluate the impact of lithodynamic processes (currents, wave processes, ice scour) on the pipeline position; - side-scan sonar surveys to determine the horizontal pipeline position and its position in relation to the seabed surface (identification and evaluation of free spans and scoured areas), as well as the determination of the presence of foreign objects in the pipeline zone and acquisition of an image of the relief of the seabed surface. If it is necessary to obtain data about the depth of the pipeline burial in the soil or to determine the thickness of the layer of seabed sediments, transported by wave processes and currents, continuous subbottom profiling could be carried out. The 2nd stage. Inspection using a ROV.

The visual inspection and TV shooting of an underwater object are carried out using an onboard monitor and video cameras installed on ROVs controlled from the surface, including the low visibility conditions, using a specialized lighting system. The shooting can be executed by one or two cameras simultaneously, obtaining both photo and video documents. Comments by a highly qualified operator are provided simultaneously. The ROV system must be equipped with an acoustic transponder, a buoy system must be used or a similar device of acoustic tracking, in conjunction with satellite positioning on the surface. Inspection by divers and flaw detection in welds and components could also be used in problematic pipeline areas, as well as in the riser and platform areas, using, for instance, the ACFM system, which is capable of detecting surface microfractures. In-situ processing of the acquired data is carried out on board the vessel. The final processing and interpretation of data, as well as the preparation of a technical report based on the inspection results are carried out onshore. The technology of operations

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ROV

ROV deployment from the vessel

ROV control unit

Equipment layout

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SHORT CHARACTERIZATION OF EQUIPENT

Marine vessels

In order to carry out engineering hydrographical and geophysical investigations, the vessels “Izyskatel-1”, “Izyskatel-2”, “Izyskatel-3” and shallow-water launch “Scorpion” of “Morinzhgeologia” Ltd. are used; the equipment necessary for the execution of operations is installed onboard.

RESEARCH VESSEL “IZYSKATEL-1” Research vessel “Izyskatel-1” is able to carry out engineering geological surveys, including hydrographical, geophysical and geotechnical investigations.

The vessel is capable of the following geotechnical operations: - sampling in geotechnical boreholes;

- cone penetration testing (CPT) in special boreholes;

- seabed sampling using bottom samplers;

- laboratory investigations and in-situ soil testing.

If necessary, gas content in the soil massif is evaluated using special equipment for gas analyses.

The vessel positioning at the locations of geotechnical operations:

Using four anchors and a bow thruster or, at water depth less than 6 m, using anchor piles.

The port of registry – Astrakhan.

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Information about the vessel Ship-owner: “Morinzhgeologia” Ltd., Russia

Flag: The Russian Federation Drilling depth: Up to 100 m below the seabed

at the sea depth of up to 85 m Sea endurance: 30 days

Specifications of operations

Weather conditions, which are prohibitive for the initiation of drilling: - wind force : 4 Bf - maximum wave height : 1.2 m

Technical parameters of the vessel Name Izyskatel-1 Port of registry The City of

Astrakhan Classification КМ*II СП (research) Year of upgrading

Shipyard 2008

Astrakhan Crew 12+12 (scientific

personnel)

Total length 47.72 Light draught 1.5 m Full draught 1.8 m Depth 3.8 m Light displacement 441 ton Full-load displacement 497 ton Cruising speed 7.0 knots Fuel capacity 32.5 ton Drinking water capacity

22.0 ton + desalination unit, 2.0 ton/day

Brand of the main engine

6 Ch SNP 18/22 Net power 2х225 HP

Generators 2х100 kW, 2х50 kW, 1х30 kW

Pumps NCVS 63/20 - 2 pcs. Screws 2 Screw type 4-blade fixed-

pitch screws Bow thruster PU 50 FM – 1 pc. Weight of the main anchor

2 x 500 kg Chain diameter Chain length

28 mm 2 x 175 m

Anchor positions Bower anchors on both sides Positioning anchors PDS, 4 x 675 kg,

cable - 4 x 450 m, diameter 22.0 mm

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Navigation equipment - echo sounder for depth

measurement - log - radar station - magnetic compass - gyro compass - automatic identification system

- satellite navigation and communications equipment

- radio equipment for vessels river/sea

- onboard communications - onboard technological

communications

NEL 20K DGL-1-E FURUNO FR-1510 Mark-3 KMO-T “MERIDIAN” SAMYNG 30D-E GPS, receiver SAMYUNG SPR 1400 Receiver NAVTEX SAMYUNG SNX-300 Emergency radio beacon SAMYUNG SEP-406 Radar responder beacon SAR-9 – 2 pcs. Satellite station INMARSAT-C TT-3020

FM radio telephone station with DSC, THRANE& THRANE RT-5022 - 2 pcs. MF/SW radio station with DSC and telex,

THRANE&THRANE НТ -4520 D6T INMARSAT FleetBroadband (voice satellite communications, data transmission)

Portable FM radio station Icom IC-GM-1500 – 2 pcs. Radio telephone station “Granit” – 5 pcs. 8-channel switchboard “Ryabina” 6-channel switchboard “Ryabina”

The research vessel has two positioning systems for the execution of geotechnical investigations: a 4-anchor system and the one based on 2 anchor piles.

The anchor positioning system is used when the water depth exceeds 6 metres: - 4 winches 2 GLB 3/12 with the anchor cable 22.0 mm, 420 m long each and each anchor

weighing 675 kg; - anchor locking system for sea voyages.

The anchor pile positioning system is used when the water depth is less than 5.5 m, using the bow and stern anchor piles; the weight of each pile is 4 ton. A thruster is also used during the positioning of the vessel at a drilling or sampling location.

RESEARCH VESSEL “IZYSKATEL-2”

Research vessel “Izyskatel-2” is able to carry out hydrographical, geophysical and geotechnical operations (seabed sampling, operations using seabed units) as a part of engineering geological investigations.

It is possible to install a seismic winch on the stern to carry out seismic operations. There are two laboratory cabins and a soil laboratory on board.

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Information about the vessel Ship-owner: “Morinzhgeologia” Ltd., Russia

Flag: The Russian Federation Technical specifications of the vessel 1. Upgrading - Astrakhan, 2011 2. Place of building - Leninskaya Kuznitsa Factory, Kiev, the Ukraine 3. International call sign of the vessel - UAIJ 4. Purpose of the vessel - Research Vessel 5. Type of the vessel - Medium refrigerating trawler 6. Maximum length, m - 54.80 7. Width, m - 9.80 8. Depth, m - 5.0 9. Draft for summer mark, m - 4.14 10. Gross tonnage, ton - 723 11. Net tonnage, ton - 217 12. Full-load displacement, ton - 1220 13. Deadweight, ton - 405 14. Speed, knots - 13 15. Sea endurance, days - 35 16. Accommodation - 31 17. Area of operations - unlimited 18. Type of power unit, number of main engines - 8 NVD 48 A – 2 U 19. Power of main power unit, kW - 852 20. Place and year of construction of main engines - Magdeburg, GDR, 1987 21. Ice class - КМ Л3 22. Holds -2 - No.1-149.0 sq. m, No. 2-263.0 sq. m

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Navigation equipment - echo sounder for depth

measurement - log - radar station - magnetic compass - gyro compass - satellite navigation equipment

- communications equipment

- onboard communications - onboard technological

communications

F2000; KODEN CVS-8802

IEL-2M, FURUNO, М-1934С-ВВ; NAYADA КМО-Т PGM-C-009

GPS System, SPR 1400 Receiver. GP-50 MARK 3

Satellite station INMARSAT-C “TT-3000E”, Receiver NAVTEX SAMYUNG SNX-300

MF/SW radio station with 6-channel DSC and telex, SAILOR SYSTEM 5000 250 W FM radio station with DSC encoder “RT-5022”

Portable marine FM radio station Icom IC-M34 -3 pcs.; SAMYUNG STV-160 - 3 pcs.

INMARSAT FleetBroadband (voice satellite communications, data transmission); GLOBALSTAR Terminal Qualcom GSP 1600 with adaptor GSP 1410, ensuring continuous availability.

32-channel switchboard “Ryabina” 32-channel switchboard “Ryabina”

Research Vessel “Izyskatel-3” The vessel “Izyskatel-3" is intended for carrying out engineering-geological surveys,

including geotechnical, hydrographical and engineering-geophysical operations.

There is a possibility of installing a seismic winch on the stern to carry out seismic operations. There are both a geophysical and a soil laboratory on board.

There is an automated system for string stabilization at greater depths.

In order to reduce the time of anchoring and to provide more manoeuvrability, the vessel is equipped with two bow thrusters and one stern thruster and a screw-steering attachment, which are used also for compensating the wind loads for the vessel positioning at the locations of operations or when working with a ROV.

Geotechnical operations using the drilling vessel may include:

- boring and sampling in geotechnical boreholes;

- CPT (cone penetration testing) in special boreholes;

- seabed sampling;

- laboratory investigations and soil testing on board the vessel.

The port of registry of the drilling vessel "Izyskatel-3" is Astrakhan, the area of operations is unlimited.

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The vessel data Ship-owner: “Morinzhgeologia” Ltd., Russia Flag: The Russian Federation Drilling depth: up to 120 m below the sea bottom at the water depth of up to 120 m. Sea endurance of the vessel 50 days Work specifications

Limiting weather conditions, which prohibit drilling: Beaufort Scale Wind Force : 5 Bf Maximum wave height : 2 m

Technical data 1. Name of the vessel ИЗЫСКАТЕЛЬ- 3 (IZYSKATEL-3) 2. Port of registry Astrakhan 3. MSC indents number 8723268 4. Сall sign UCWZ 5. Type and purpose, navigation area research, unlimited 6. Name, code, classification society, register number, class symbol, term of validity of the classification certificate *KM L3 П AUT2 7. Dimensions of vessel: length 78.70 m, width 13.00 m, depth 6.50 m 8. Registered tonnage: Net 719, Gross 2399 9. Draft maximum: loaded 3.90 m, ballast 3.70 m 10. Freeboard 6.50 m

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11. Year built 2011, Astrakhan 12. Vessel hull material Steel 13. Number of decks Three 14. Type and place of manufacture of main propulsion unit 8NVD48A-2U, Magdeburg, GDR. 15. Capacity of a propulsion unit 852 kW 16. Generators: 2х320 kW, 1х500 kW, 1х150 kW 17. Speed: loaded 10.3 knots, ballasted 11.3 knots 18. Type of propulsion device, qty. of propellers VFSH, one. 19. Fuel type diesel 20. Tank capacity: fuel 182.5 m ³, fresh water 34.8 m³ + desalination unit 21. Cargo handling equipment loading booms; hydraulic crane-manipulator Palfinger with loading capacity 6 ton at boom 5 m, the maximum hydraulic boom 20, 5 m 22. Steering gear steering nozzle 23. Thrusters – bow – 2 х 200 kW, stern – 1 х 250 kW 24. Anchor gear windlass, Hall’s anchors 2 х 1750 kg 25. Anchors of stabilisation PDS 4 pcs. х 4500 kg. 26. Position of moonpool /drilling derrick: drilling derrick is mounted on the main deck at the location of 32nd-38th frames on DP 27. Sea endurance of the vessel, days - 50 28. Number of berths - 51 Navigation equipment: - echo-sounder - log - radar station - magnetic compass - gyro-compass - satellite navigation equipment

- automatic identification

system (AIS) - communication facilities - vessel internal

JMC F-2000 JRC JLN-205 FURUNO, М-1934С-ВВ/С-МАР КМО-Т PGM-C-009 Receiver GPS SAMYUNG SPR-1400 Satellite station INMARSAT-C T&T TT3000E Receiver NAVTEX SAMYUNG SNX-300 Radio beacon SAMYUNG SEP-406 Radar transponder beacon SAMYUNG SAR-9 SAMYUNG SI-30R MHFW/SW radio station with 6-channel DSC and radio telex SAILOR System 5000 Satellite station SAILOR 250 LRIT JUE-95LT River stationary VHF radio station SAMYUNG SUR-350 Portable river VHF radio station VEGA-304 Working marine portable VHF radio station Motorola GP-340 INMARSAT Fleet Broadband (voice communications by satellite, data transmission). Satellite system of communication GLOBALSTAR terminal Qualcom GSP 1600 with adapter GSP 1410 providing constant connection. 32-channel switchboard “Ryabina”

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communications

- vessel internal technological communications

32-channel switchboard “Ryabina”

Positioning system

Four anchor winches are used to position the vessel at the location of operations; they allow the vessel to be stabilized independently in the open sea using anchors with an increased holding capacity, weighing 4500 kg or 2475 kg each, at the water depth up to 100 m. All anchor cables have the maximum length 1000 m. The winch cable diameter is 34 mm. In order to reduce the time of anchoring and to provide more manoeuvrability, the vessel is equipped with two bow thrusters and one stern thruster and a screw-steering attachment, which are used also for compensating the wind loads for the vessel positioning at the locations of operations or when working with a ROV.

Shallow-water launch "Scorpion"

The boat is intended for carrying out engineering-hydrographical and engineering-geophysical operations during engineering-geological surveys in very shallow water, and also as a service and supply vessel.

SPECIFICATIONS Design T63M (Kostromich) Place/year built Azov, 2007 (restored) Ship-owner “Morinzhgeologia” Ltd., Russia Register Class М1.1.

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Flag The Russian Federation Hull number РМ 0308 Port of registry Astrakhan

TYPES OF OPERATIONS

Geotechnical investigations for the design of communications, drilling sites and port facilities Ecological monitoring Acoustic investigations

MAIN PARAMETERS Length, width, draught 16.0 m; 3.2 m; 0.8 m Holding capacity, reg. ton 19.00 Speed, km/hr 14.5 Sea endurance 3 days Full vessel fuel stock, kg 3000 Main engine YaMZ-236 150 HP Crew/scientific personnel 2/4 persons

AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT Diesel generator DGR1A16/ 1500 (16 kW) Power source: storage battery 6STK-180M (2 pcs.) Cargo winch LET-200 (hoisting capacity 900 kg) Communications equipment

The vessel has the following communications equipment: radio stations: Furuno FM-8500, emission class J3E, J2B, F3E, frequency range 156-174 МHz, output power 0.025 kW; Raid 1, emission class F3E, frequency range 156-174 MHz, output power 0.02 kW; Korvet-2, emission class A1A, F1B, J3E, H3E, frequency range 1,606-25,600 kHz, output power 0.3 kW; Mousson-2, emission class A1A, H2A, frequency range 410-512 kHz, output power 0.2 kW All vessels are equipped with extra communications systems providing data transmission, e-mail and voice communication: - INMARSAT FleetBroadband;

- Satellite communications system GLOBALSTAR, terminal Qualcom GSP 1600 with adaptor GSP 1410, providing continuous connection; - satellite telephones Thuraya with marine sets.

All vessels have the possibility of using satellite receivers for navigation and positioning purposes. They are installed on board of each vessel to support hydrographical, geophysical and geotechnical operations. C-NAV-2050 receivers are used, which utilize high-accuracy marine satellite interface RTG DUAL, provided by the company C&C Technologies Inc. (USA). All vessels have onboard emergency hazard alert systems: - onboard AIS system – automated system of vessel identification. After pressing the button, the vessel call sign and coordinates are transmitted automatically. - ARB-406 – radio beacon - transmits the vessel call sign and coordinates. - SAR-9 - emergency radio responder. The crews and scientific personnel have been trained in safe work techniques, and actions following vessel alarms; their knowledge and skills have been checked, and they have certificates of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) and seaman’s books.

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METHODS AND EQUIPMENT FOR NAVIGATION/GEODETIC SUPPORT OF HYDROGRAPHICAL OPERATIONS

EQUIPMENT FOR NAVIGATION/GEODETIC SUPPORT

For the positioning of locations of engineering-hydrographical, engineering-geophysical and geotechnical investigations, the DGPS marine satellite system is used, consisting of the onboard set of equipment and base station (if the area of operations is located up to 200 km from the base station; if the distance is longer, the satellite marine differential service is used - RTG DUAL). The planning of surveys and data acquisition are supported by the following software: HYPACK MAX SURVEY and HydroPro Navigation. Onboard equipment: receivers C-NAV-2050, C-NAV-3050; laptops. All GPS receivers have the NMEA-0183 interface for the operation in the navigation regime; it is possible also to connect a remote monitor.

Base station KKS MDPS GLONASS DGPS :

• location – up to 200 km from the area of operations; • GPS NAVIS receiver; • modulator КРМ-300; • MSK corrections; • relay aerial; • CB communications receiver;

All types of site investigations are supported by high-accuracy geodetic positioning using DGPS

(C&C Technologies Inc., USA). The differential positioning mode through a satellite base station allows to have high-accuracy

positioning of hydrographical and geophysical equipment, either towed or located onboard, in real time with the vessel in motion:

• the navigation system - NavCom's StarFireTM Network based on GPS Selective availability (S/A code) starting 02.05.2000, 04:05 UTM;

• operational mode – DGPS (WAAS/EGNOS), velocity of exchange “satellite-receiver” 9600 bit/sec.; • receiver – C-NAV-2050R, Inc. (USA), number of channels-10, ranges– 2 (1525-1585 and 1217-1237

MHz); • data sampling – 10-25 Hz at the optimum satellite constellation; • format of data transmission – NMEA -0183ν3.1; • data processing software – Trimble-Hydro-6-06.01; • error in real time mode – in static regime: ± 0.15 m; with the vessel in motion, velocity 3-10 knots: ±

0.30 m.

GPS receiver for high precision global navigation – Model C-NAV-2050R

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GPS receiver for high precision global navigation – Model C-NAV-3050R

The dual frequency receiver GPS L1 L2 ensures the users’ operation with different accuracy levels

of determination of co-ordinates. The C-NAV receivers support the regimes of free differential service of lower accuracy

WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS in the zones of coverage of those systems. The regime of commercial high-accuracy differential service: • RTG DUAL with accuracy to decimetres; • regime of below one metre accuracy DGPS RTCM, when external receivers of differential

corrections in MF, UHF, VHF ranges are connected; • the regime of centimetre accuracy RTK RTCM/CMR, when external receivers of differential

corrections in UHF, VHF ranges are connected; • the regime of recording in 64-МВ memory or output in portal of “raw” data in the RINEX format

for data post-processing. Main accuracy parameters: Accuracy in the RTG DUAL commercial service mode (global service):

• horizontal co-ordinates ≤ 15 cm RMS • height ≤30 cm RMS • velocity ≤ 0.01 m/sec.

Accuracy in the DGPS RTCM mode (with connection to an external receiver of differential corrections)

• horizontal co-ordinates 12 cm + 2 ppm RMS • height 25 cm + 2 ppm RMS • velocity 0.01 m/sec.

Accuracy in the RTK mode (with connection to an external RTK/CMR receiver of differential corrections)

• horizontal co-ordinates ≤1 cm + 1 ppm RMS • height ≤ 2 cm + 1 ppm RMS

Accuracy in the free differential mode -WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS (in the service zones):

• horizontal co-ordinates ≤ 2 m RMS • height ≤ 4 m RMS • velocity 0.01 m/sec.

Physical and exploitation parameters:

• dimensions: 208 mm/144 mm/78 mm; • weight: 1.81 kg; • external power supply: 10 – 30 VDC; • power consumption: <10 W; • temperature: - 40 С - + 55 С (operational), - 40 С - +85 С (storage); • humidity: 95 % without condensation – the unit, and 100 % with condensation – the aerials; • complies with the MIL-STD-810F standard (pressure, radiation, rain, humidity, salty fog, dust and

dirt, vibrations); • dynamics – acceleration <6 g, velocity – <300 m/sec., height – <18,000 m (COCOM).

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Ports and types of connectors in C-NAV-2050, C-NAV-3050:

• two COM ports RS-232, COM1 and СOM2 7 pin Lemo (1,200 – 115,200 baud); • port Event Marker/CAN Bus 5 pin Lemo; • output 1 PPS connector BNC; • power port VDC 4 pin Lemo; • aerial input GPS connector TNC; • aerial input L-band connector TNC.

The C-NAV receivers have Certificate of Type Approval for the onboard equipment from the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, Certificate of Conformity from the State Committee for Standards of the Russian Federation and Certificate of Type Approval from the US Department of Transportation.

The aerial of a C-NAV receiver is installed in area of the main mast of the research vessel, in

the zone, which is free from the impact of the vessel emitting systems. The receiver and PC are installed in the wheelhouse; there is an extra monitor for the steerer.

DGPS data are relayed through the COM port to geophysical recorder (echo sounder, sonar, magnetometer, seismic acoustic equipment, seismic data recorder).

The data are processed using the onboard PC Pentium 166 using the Trimble-Hydro-6.06.01 software. Before the start and during the operations at least once a month) determinations of measurement error

of the receiver are conducted at triangulation points (at least Class III according to the classification of the Russian Federation).

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DGPS receiver C-NAV, software Trimble-Hydro-6-06.01, an example of visualization of results, calculations of the error of determination of co-ordinates

Portable system of underwater acoustic positioning USBL

EasyTrak manufactured by Applied Acoustic

An ultra short baseline (USBL) system of acoustic positioning EasyTrak is used for the determination of

the position of carriers (fishes) towed in water. The system consists of:

# Item

Qty 1 The deck control unit with software - Model 2660 Easy-Trak Lite Deck Unit

DSP based system box, supplied with CD, Mains Lead, PC Communications Lead and Manual. A separate PC is required for operation, either a laptop or desktop device with Windows XP and a 1200 MHz or faster processor.

1

2 The transducer with built-in compass and pitch and roll sensor - Transducer ETM902C Standard + Compass option built-in All Bronze construction. 9.5 kg weight. 4-element receiving assembly, filtering, conditioning and cable drive, hemispherical transmit / receive. Mounting Bracket included.

1

3 High accuracy calibration for ETM902. 1 4 50-metre cable.

Model EZT-DC50 50 m c/w connector. 1

5 Transponder Micro Beacon 219 w/Transducer Protection Cage 180dB, hemispherical beam pattern, 600 metre survival depth. 50mm x 230mm long, PP3 alkaline battery.

3

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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

EASYTRAK Lite Size : 265 x 240 x 120 mm. Serial ports : RS-232, USB-RS-232 adapter could be used. Energy consumption : 90 – 250 V AC with 50 VA power. Requirements for PC : 1.2 GHz with the Windows XP operation system, (minimum) availability of USB or RS-232 ports. Colour display 1024 x 768, CD Rom drive. EASYTRAK DATA FORMATS Output data : formats AAE, TP-2EC TP-EC W/PR, Simrad 300P, Simrad

309, $PSIMSSB, $PSIMSNS (one string after the other for each fix), $GPRMC (suitable for Coda Octopus 460P and other systems).

Compass input : TCM-2.X, SGB-HTDS, SGB-HTDt, $HDHDM, HDHDT, $HDHDG. VRU input : TCM-2.X, $HCXDR, TSS1. GPS input : NMEA; GLL, GGA, RMC. Synchronisation input : TTL type 5 V pulse, triggers on rising edge. Responder output : Positive 12 V pulse, 5 msec. long. Transducer ETM902 : 375 mm long, 100 mm diameter. Weight in air/water : 9.5 kg / 7 kg. Depth rating : 50 m. Type of transducer cable : 12.5 mm diameter, length 50 m. (Note: has built-in compass option) Frequency band (transmission) : 25-32.5 kHz Frequency band (reception) : 16-26 kHz ACCURACY/PERFORMANCE (The accuracy depends on the correct speed of sound in water being entered, no ray bending in the propagation of sound and acceptable S/N ratio). Slant range accuracy : 10 cm (Accuracy depends on correct speed of sound).

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Positioning accuracy of the standard system : 1.40 rms (angular), 2.5% of slant range. Positioning accuracy of the high-accuracy system : 0.60 rms (angular), 1.0% of slant range. Resolution : 0.10 displayed, internally calculated to 0.010. Heading sensor accuracy : 0.80 rms standard; +/- 0.10 resolution/repeatability. Channels : 4 channels displayed from 98 stored. Frequency band (MF) : Reception 22 - 32 kHz. Transmission 17 – 26 kHz. Tracking beam pattern : Hemispherical. Beacon types : Transponders, responders, pingers. Interrogation rate : Every 0.5 – 30 sec. or external key. Transmitted power : 3 levels with programmable control. CE Classification : External emissions conform to 89/336/EEC. Micro Beacons Model 219 +/- 90º 180dB, diameter 50 mm, length 230 mm, submergence depth 600 m, weight in air/water 660 g/260 g Power supply: batteries 2 x 9 V, 550mAh Alkaline PP3/6LR61/Duracell MN1604; duration of continuous operation at maximum sending frequency 30 hours. Frequency band (transmission) : 25-32.5 kHz Frequency band (reception) : 16-26 kHz

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ENGINEERING HYDROGRAPHICAL OPERATIONS

The scheme of towing over-the-board equipment during engineering hydrographical operations in conjunction with marine magnetic surveys is presented in the figure below.

ECHOSOUNDING The task of depth measurements is to measure and map water depth and sea bottom gradients in the

zone of the pipeline route. Echosounding includes the following types of investigations: - echosounding using a dual ray echo sounder with heave compensator; - determination of fluctuations of sea level in the area of operations and during the operations

(installation of a tide gauge and data recording); - determination of sound velocity in water for a vertical water profile in the area of operations; - preparation of bathymetric maps and sections.

Echosounding is carried out using the pre-planned grid with the line density depending on the survey scale, supported by high-accuracy DGPS positioning. We use a dual beam echo sounder EchoTrac CVM manufactured by ODOM Hydrographic Systems (USA), with heave compensator HS50 TSS.

During the operations, measurements of the vertical profile of sound velocity in water are made, using SVP15 equipment. The periodicity of measurements – before the start of each shift.

Besides, Aquanaut HYDRAS-3 tide gauge is installed in the area of operations; in addition, for the

absolute tie-in of results of bathymetric surveys, data of permanent water gauges are used. Main parameters of the equipment, which is used for the whole sequence of echosounding operations,

are given below.

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Dual frequency echo sounder EchoTrac CVM manufactured by ODOM Hydrographic Systems (USA)

Technical specifications • High-frequency band – from 100 to 340 kHz, average output power – 400 W at 200 kHz, accuracy

and resolution – 0.01 m +/- 0.1% of depth at f=200 kHz. • Low-frequency band – from 24 to 50 kHz, average output power – 200 W at 33 kHz, accuracy –

0.1 m +/- 0.1% of depth, resolution – 0.01 m. • Input power – 24 VDC, 15 W or 110/220 VAC. • Depth ranges – from 0.2 to 200 m and from 0.5 to 600 m, automatic scale change, 10%, 20%, 30%

or smooth manual adjustment. • Sound velocity range – from 1370 to 1700 m/sec. Setting interval – 1 m/sec. • Transducer draft setting – from 0 to 15 m. • Depth display – on control from PC. • Echo sounder clock – powered from built-in AB, provides elapsed time and date. • Data visualisation: from internal sources – date, time, GPS co-ordinates, from external sources –

any of RS232 or Ethernet channels. • Interfaces – two RS232, inputs from external computer, motion sensor, sound velocity, Ethernet,

tidal gauge. • Display size – from 0 to full scale. • Software – E-Chart visualisation, control of the echo sounder and data acquisition. • Help function – the data for each parameter and its minimum and maximum values can be

displayed. • Temperature and humidity – from 0 to 500 C, 5 - 90% relative humidity, non-condensing. • Weight and dimensions – 13.8 kg and 55 cm x 41.5 cm x 21.5 cm. • Options: single- or dual-frequency operation, utilisation of single- or dual- frequency side-looking

transducer (200 or 340 kHz), built-in DGPS receiver, industrial computer with software for data acquisition and processing.

Deep-sea level gauge “Aquanaut HYDRAS-3” (Germany)

A buoy with a hydrographical weight is installed in the area of operations. A hydrostatic level-measuring cell is fastened to the weight and lowered on the bottom. The data acquisition block is installed on a buoyant beacon:

• range of sea level measurements 0 - 80 m; • resolution 0.5 cm; • relative error +/- 0.1%; • range of temperature compensation 0 - +50° С; • range of temperature measurement 0 - +50° С; • accuracy of temperature measurement +/- 0.1%;

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• measurement interval from 1 min. to 100 hours; • memory of data recorder 15,808 values; • dimensions:

data reading module 30 х 95 mm; measuring probe 29.5 х 190 mm;

• operating temperature -30° – +70° С.

Deep-sea level gauge “Aquanaut HYDRAS-3”

Water level recorder TideMaster manufactured by Valeport Ltd

TideMaster – is a versatile water level recorder for both short-term and long-term measurements. Due to low energy consumption and sampling rate adjustable by the user, the device is capable of working in the autonomous mode for up to one year. Different ways of data transmission in real time allow to widen the scope of the application of the device up to the establishment of a network of stations. The TideMaster water level recorder is compatible with various types of software and instruments.

Technical specifications Transducer (pressure sensor) Type: vented strain gauge, with stainless steel mounting bracket; Range: (maximum submergence depth): 50 m;

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Accuracy: ±0.1% of the measured range. Calibration: The calibration ratio is stored within the logging unit. In order to exclude

the impact of the atmospheric pressure, a ventilated transducer is used, specially designed by Valeport Ltd.

Dimensions: 18 mm diameter x 80 mm. Logging Unit Housing: Protection Class - IP67. Power: 4 batteries, type C, within a watertight compartment, ensure the autonomous operation of the device during one year; Memory: 512 MB memory card. Data sampling: Raw data are sampled at 8 Hz, mean values and deviations from standard values are stored in the memory card. The device allows to select one of 5 pre-programmed modes or to create a customised data sampling mode. The data sampling mode with the frequency 1 Hz is used for long-term observations. Switching: The power switch is located on the unit. Resolution: Data are logged with 1 mm resolution. Data transmission: RS232/RS485 for data transmission by cable. Dimensions: Housing – 52 mm х 144.5 mm х 197 mm. Bracket: 35 mm x 210 mm x 159 mm. Dimensions (mounted): 61.5 mm x 210 mm x 197 mm. Weight: 1.1 kg (approx.), including batteries. Range of operational temperatures: -20°C to +70°C.

HEAVE COMPENSATOR

Heave compensator HS50 (manufactured by TSS, UK). It ensures automatic input of corrections to the water depth measured by echo sounder, compensating the impact of the vessel heave:

• range height +/- 10 m; deviation from vertical position +/- 25°;

• accuracy, RMS 5 cm; • resolution: digital 1.0 cm; analogue 0.5 cm; • wave bandwidth 0.05 - 10 Hz; • acceleration range (vertical) +/- 2g; • digital interface RS232 or RS 422 (from 1,200 to 19,200 baud);

30 mm/sec.2 or 0-2 mm, 7-300 Hz;

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Heave compensator HS50 (TSS, UK)

SYSTEM FOR MEASURING THE VERTICAL PROFILE OF SOUND VELOCITY IN WATER

System for measuring the vertical profile of sound velocity in water SVP15 (Denmark)

• maximum depth of measurement of sound velocity in water 200 m; • measurement step 0.5 m; • resolution 0.1 m/sec.; • velocity measurement range 1,350 – 1,600 m/sec.; • measurement error +/- 0.25 m/sec.; • accuracy of depth measurement by depth transducer +/- 0.1 m + 0.2% of measured depth; • accuracy of temperature measurement +/- 0.4° С; • digital interface RS232 (9,600 baud); • memory 400 measurements; • power supply - built-in batteries, duration of operation at least 20 hours; • maximum consumed current 100 mA; • operating temperature range 0 – +45° С; • storage/transportation temperature range -10° – +55° С; • dimensions and weight 100 (∅) х 550 (L) mm, 5 kg.

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System for measuring the sound velocity in water SVP15, measuring probe and control panel

MAIN PROCEDURES OF PROCESSING OF DEPTH MEASUREMENT DATA The planning of surveys and data acquisition are supported by the following software: HYPACK

MAX SURVEY and EHOLOT-D.

An example of sonogram display for a bathymetric profile, using EHOLOT-D software. The sonogram was acquired by single-beam echo sounder PEL-4, F=124 kHz, penetration of the vibrator 2.2 m, sounding frequency

10Hz.

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The data processing is carried out using the onboard processing set based on the Pentium IV computer; 1.6 GHz, RAM 1 GB.

Data processing and preparation of reports were supported by the software HYPACK MAX Office. Besides, the following software was used: Eholot-D, Surfer, AutoCad, GeoSoft.

The following corrections are introduced in raw data: transducer offset, sound velocity in water, sea level fluctuations based on data from level gauges (both offshore and permanent ones). After the polygonal data are equalized, the results of depth measurement are presented as a bathymetric map reduced to the Baltic height system level.

Example of a depth map (Scale 1 : 5000) at site 1000 m х 1000 m for positioning a jack-up drilling rig.

EM 3002 Multibeam echo sounder

The EM 3002 echo sounder is a multibeam echo sounder with extremely high resolution, dynamically focused beams and full beam stabilisation. It is very well suited for detailed seafloor mapping and inspection of offshore areas with water depths from 0.5 m under the vibrator to 150 m, although maximum depth capability (target) is strongly dependent on the water temperature and salinity and could reach 300 m. Due to its electronic pitch compensation system and roll stabilised beams, the system performance remains stable also in adverse weather conditions. The spacing between the measured depths (acoustic footprints) can be set nearly constant over the swath, providing a uniform depth density along the swath. Dynamic focusing of all received beams

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optimises the system performance and quality of the surveys with short distances from objects, e.g., during underwater inspections from underwater vehicles. It is recommended to use EM3002 echo sounder for the following applications: • Mapping of harbours, inland waterways and shipping channels with critical keel clearance. • Inspection of underwater objects. • Detection and mapping of underwater objects. • Detailed surveys of the seabed relief related to underwater construction work or dredging. • Environmental mapping of the seabed, e.g. investigations of glacial grooves. • Mapping of biomass in the water column. Features The EM 3002 system uses one of three possible frequencies in the 300 kHz band. This is an ideal frequency band for the shallow water applications, as the sufficiently high frequency ensures narrow beams with small physical dimensions of the emitters. At the same time, the 300 kHz frequency secures a high slant range capability under the conditions with high content of suspended particles in the water. The EM 3002 system uses a very powerful sonar processor unit. The heightened computing power of the EM 3002 sonar processor makes it possible to apply sophisticated and very exact algorithms for beam-forming, beam stabilisation, and bottom detection. The algorithm of bottom detection makes it possible to extract and process the useful signal from a part of each acoustic beam, leading to the possibility of obtaining independent depth determinations, even in the case of the beam overlapping. In addition to bathymetric soundings, EM 3002 collects data pertaining to the acoustic image of the seabed. The image is obtained by combining the acoustic return signals inside each beam, thus improving signal to noise ratio considerably, as well as eliminating several distortions, which are usual for the conventional sonars. The acoustic image is compensated for the transmission source level, receiver sensitivity and signal attenuation in the water column, so that reliable bottom backscatter levels in dB are obtained. The acoustic image is also compensated for acoustic ray bending, and is thus completely geo-referenced, so that the preparation of a sonar mosaic for a survey area is rather easy. Objects observed on the acoustic seabed image are correctly located and can be readily identified and defined. Operator Station The Operator Station is PC-based workstation running on either Linux® or Microsoft Windows XP®. The Operator Station software, SIS, incorporates 3D graphics, real-time data cleaning and electronic map background. Technical specifications Frequency range: 293, 300, 307 kHz. Number of beams: 254 for single sonar head, 498 for dual sonar heads. Maximum ping rate: 40 Hz. Maximum angular coverage: 130 degrees for single sonar head, 200 degrees for dual sonar heads. Pitch stabilisation Yes. Roll stabilisation Yes. Heave compensation Yes. Efficient depth range 0.5-150 m. Depth resolution 1 cm. Transducer geometry Mills cross. Beam spacing Equidistant, equiangular, high density mode (from 01.01.2010).

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Configuration, dimensions and weight of principal components: Sonar head: Cylindrical, material – titanium. Diameter: 332 mm.

Height: 119 mm. Weight: 25 kg in air, 15 kg in water.

Processing Unit: Width: 450 mm. Depth: 400 mm. Height: 200 mm. Weight: approx. 8 kg. SIS software SIS Multibeam Controller – controller of the multibeam echo sounder Incorporates: • Menu of installation and operational parameters. • Testing and diagnostics of the system. • Recording of raw data from the echo sounder. Start/stop of emission. • Input of sound velocity values in the area of the sonar head, transmission of those data to the echo sounder. • Display of emission, showing: − Signal intensity. − Emission profile. − Data from external sensors. − Oscillogram of received signal. − Output to plotter with full resolution (max. format A0). View of display during the utilization of the SIS software with the ЕМ3002 echo sounder.

The following items are located in the output windows: The left column: the top window shows the signal power for each beam, the window of the transverse profile is below it, further below the 3D window of the “Waterfall” type is situated and below it – display of the data from external sensors. The top central window – sonar display of the water column. The bottom central window – sonar display of the seabed. The right window: raw marine acoustic data. The operator may select the type of information to be displayed in any window within one second!

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EM 3002, SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

//

Options of installation of sonar heads

Installation of single sonar head Installation of dual sonar heads

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The necessary sensors System for measuring the sound velocity in water Accurate knowledge of the vertical profile of sound velocity in water is a necessary precondition for obtaining high-quality data during the survey of the seabed relief using a multibeam echo sounder, in particular, in areas with complex hydrological conditions.

Intellectual sensor “miniSVS” Its purpose is to measure the sound velocity, temperature or pressure in the area of the transducers of an echo sounder. The sensor’s operation is based on the principle of an echo sounder with the known fixed base (100 mm, 50 mm and 25 mm) and outputs the value of the sound velocity in water. Such sensor does not require frequent tests and calibrations, has small size (45 mm x 315 mm) and its weight, depending on the housing, does not exceed 1 kg.

Electronic heave compensator and GPS compass OCTANS IV by Ixsea, France. OCTANS IV replaces several vessel devices: gyro compass, GPS receiver, log, gyro indicator of the rotation angles. That compact instrument forms the signals of heading, speed and position of the vessel, as well as the signal of gyro indicator of the rotation angles and synchronising pulse (1PPS) for other hydrographical systems. Data from the heave compensator are transmitted in real time to the echo sounder directly for correcting /the measured depths. Unlike conventional gyro compasses, OCTANS IV does not contain moving sensors, does not require the presence of supporting liquid, which means that it does not require periodic professional maintenance. All IXSEA products have ISO 9000:2000 certificates. Octans instruments are manufactured with testing certificates. Technical specifications performance Heading Pitch and roll Accuracy )2)(1( 0.1 deg secant latitude Settling time (static conditions) < 1min Full accuracy settling time (all conditions) < 5 min

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Heave / Surge / Sway Accuracy 5 cm or 5% (whichever is greater) Roll / Pitch dynamic Accuracy )2( 0.01 deg operating range / environment Rotation rate dynamic range Up to 750 deg/s Acceleration dynamic range ±15 g MTBF (computed/observed) 40,000/80,000 hours Operating / Storage Temperature -20 to +55°C/ -40 to +80 °C Heading / Roll / Pitch 0 to +360 deg / ±180 deg / ±90 deg No warm-up effects Shock and Vibration proof physical characteristics Dimensions (L x W x H) 280 x 136 x 150 mm Weight in air 4.6 Kg Water proof IP66 Material Aluminium interfaces Serial RS232/RS422 port 2 inputs / 3 outputs / 1 configuration port

Ethernet port )3( UDP / TCP Client / TCP server Pulse port )4( 4 inputs and 2 outputs Input / Output formats Industry standards: NMEA0183, ASCII, BINARY Baud rates 600 bauds to 115.2 kbaud Data output rate 0.1 Hz to 200 Hz Power supply 24 VDC Power consumption 15 W (1) secant latitude = 1 / cosine latitude (2) RMS values (3) All input /output serial ports are available and can be duplicated on Ethernet ports (4) Use GPS PPS pulse input for accurate time synchronization of OCTANS

SYSTEMS OF PROCESSING OF MULTIBEAM ECHOSOUNDER DATA

QINSy is up-to-date software, accumulating the experience of best experts in the execution of hydrographical surveys. The modular design is the main advantage of QINSy, which allows utilizing only those modules, which are necessary for the concrete project, i.e. to create a cost-effective system alongside with functionality. Altogether, QINSy offers 5 software packages and 11 extra modules, incorporating the whole set of tasks associated with marine surveys. QINSy Office – the office package, envisaged for viewing and pre-processing of acquired (field) data in the office. QINSy Inshore – the real-time software package for surveying the seabed relief by a single beam echo sounder (acquisition and pre-processing of data received from one echo sounder, one GPS receiver and one heading detector). QINSy Lite – the real-time software package for surveying the seabed relief by a single beam echo sounder (acquisition and pre-processing of data received from different single sensors incorporated in the set of hydrographical equipment). QINSY Survey – full real-time package for surveying the seabed relief both by a single beam and multibeam echo sounder (acquisition and pre-processing of data; the number of sensors is unlimited).

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QINSy Mapping – final data processing, production of plots, 3D visualisation. The QPS has envisaged the “upgrade” function for QINSy Office and QINSy Inshore to QINSy Lite, for QINSy Lite to QINSy Survey. The versatility of Windows has been fully incorporated in QINSy. Any number of autonomous terminals can be launched simultaneously. QINSy allows to plan a survey, carry out field operations on board a vessel and process the survey results in order to obtain a depth map. In order to plan the survey, a basic map can be loaded in the computer in advance, containing the shoreline and obstacles, such as bridges, buoys, pipelines. QINSy allows to import files in the DXF and DGN formats from the popular drawing software programmes Autocad and Microstation. Satellite positioning is used during the surveys, with the transmission of differential corrections from onshore base stations by radio, thus ensuring the metre accuracy in real time. The use of the RTK kinematic mode ensures the improved centimetre accuracy in real time, which is especially useful for the tracking of changes in the water level. The programme system controls the execution of the planned survey programme during its execution and data acquisition. The QINSy Survey programme incorporates the function of editing of the recorded data.

Results of surveying the seabed relief, carried out using the ЕМ3002 multibeam echo sounder and processed using QINSy

Bare pipeline areas

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Fragment of results of surveying the area of an underwater crossing by a multi-beam echo sounder Helmsman’s display The QINSy package allows to transfer from the main computer (on the network level) the information necessary for the helmsman and correspondingly output it in front of the helmsman. CURRENT VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS

Current Meter VALEPORT , Model 106

CURRENT METER VALEPORT , MODEL 106 is an inexpensive lightweight impeller current meter, designed both for real time current measurement or short- and medium term autonomous deployments. The acquired information can be processed using a PC or transmitted to an indicator display designed by Valeport. All parts of the current meter are made of titanium, ensuring durability, while the temperature and pressure sensors increase the versatility of the instrument.

Data Acquisition The current meter works on a basic 1 second cycle, during which the impeller counts are taken and a compass heading reading is made. From this, East and North velocity vectors are calculated, which are then summed over the averaging period. The additional parameters of temperature and pressure (if such sensors are fitted) are sampled once every sample period and averaged over the averaging period. Data Recovery Direct to PC via communications ports. Maximum RS232 data rate of 19200 baud. Switching On/Off The meters are switched on and off through software control, either by the DataLog™ software or by using the Model 8008 control unit. Besides, the meter is supplied with a mechanical subconn switch cap installed

Bare area of a pipeline with weights

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in the tail part of the instrument. Its purpose is to switch on the measurement process when the meter is submerged and to switch it off when it is extracted from water. The device switches off all the systems of the meter for the duration of transportation or storage. The switch cap could be by-passed for the adjustment or testing of the onboard equipment. Software The system is supplied with DataLogTM software, for visualization of information, instrument setup, data extraction and display of tabular and graphical data plots. Display Unit Besides the PC, the instrument may be used with a dedicated display unit, Model 8008 CDU, for visualisation of information, allowing to extract the data in real time and to ensure the instrument setup. Size: 244 x 193 x 94 mm; weight: 2 kg Protection: IP67 (10 sec. at 0.3m)

Memory 512 Kbyte built-in memory card allows to store data acquired during the autonomous operation for the first week with the parameter sampling every 10 seconds, or during 220 days with sampling every 5 minutes. Power Internal: 1 x D type 1.5 V alkaline cell gives approximately 30 days at 10 second sample rate, or 56 days at 5 minute sample rate. When a 3.6 V Lithium cell is used, it gives approximately 90 days at 10 second sample rate, or 180 days at 5 minute sample rate. External: For external supply, 12-20 V DC is supplied via data transmission cable RS232. Power for the meter can also be taken from the Model 8008 CDU. Data transmission Data transmission is executed in real time via RS232 cable, 50 m long.

SIDE-SCAN SONAR INVESTIGATIONS

Side-scan sonar investigations are carried out with the purpose of identification and mapping

of obstacles on the sea bottom. Investigations are carried out by the dual channel digital towed side-scan sonar CM 2 DF. Data transmission from the sonar is carried out by a cable telemetric link to the research vessel, where the data are recorded on magnetic optical discs and displayed on a LCD monitor in real time.

During the operations in shallow water conditions, in narrownesses and under difficult navigation conditions, the small-size SportScan side scan sonar (either towable or with onboard aerials) is used.

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Sonogram fragment with pipelines extending from an old platform

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Sonogram fragment with free span areas, a pipeline crossing, seabed formations

Main technical parameters of dual channel digital towed side-scan sonar CM 2 DF (manufactured by СМ Ltd., England):

• purpose: creation of a picture of underwater equipment by acoustic means with the simultaneous

measurement of the distance between the emitter and the bottom, as well as the water temperature; • number of channels - 2; • operating frequencies – 102 and 325 kHz; • slant range in 102 kHz frequency range - 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 m; • slant range in 325 kHz frequency range - 25, 50,75,100 and 150 m; • emission interval – 500/selected range limit (slant range) per second; • resolution, 102 kHz range – 156 mm; • resolution, 325 kHz range – 78 mm; • pulse power – 217 dB at 1 µPa/1 m; • pulse duration – 53 µsec; • array beamwidth F= 325 kHz – 0.3º horizontal, 40º vertical, F= 102 kHz – 1/0º horizontal, 50º vertical; • adjustable beam depression from the maximum sensitivity axis - 10º or 20º; • navigation data interface – RS232, format NMEA 0183; • gain control along the line – automatic, with microprocessor for the selection and setting of

parameters of automatic gain control; • control of data acquisition – built-in industrial computer with Pentium IV processor and software

package MaxPro, • automatic regime of control and adjustment of reflected signal amplitude; • dimensions and weight: the fish- 124 cm; 17.5 kg in the air; 11.7 kg in seawater; the laboratory block – 315 x 335 x 110 mm, 8 kg; • remotely controlled autonomous winch and cable meter for lowering the sonar fish;

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• water temperature sensor; • data display on LCD monitor in real time; • a PC or laptop computer is used.

Digital towed side-scan sonar CM 2 before lowering overboard

Winch for lowering and extracting the side-scan sonar with remote control unit

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Block of control and data processing is installed in the vessel laboratory. The remote control unit for the winch for the lowering and extraction of the side-scan sonar is located there as well

Side-scan sonar SportScan

The side-scan sonar (SSS) SportScan

is a modern digital sonar; it has advantages over similar analogue equipment, based on the combination of such parameters as: the simplicity of use, high quality of obtained images in the wide beam range and reliability.

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The design of the body of SSS SportScan allows using it both in the towed mode and firmly attached to a rod (when working in shallow water). The use of a standard 12 VDC battery as a power source is very convenient; as a rule, a PC also uses power from it through the power supply.

The operating frequencies of SSS SportScan are as follows: the low 330 kHz and the high 800 kHz. The operation using the low frequency (330 kHz) allows identifying objects on the seabed with the size from 0.5 m with a sufficiently wide scanning range (up to 120 m). The operation using the high frequency (800 kHz, the maximum range resolution 3 mm) requires higher operator’s qualification, but it allows to identify much smaller objects and to obtain detailed images of large objects.

The software of SSS SportScan receives data from navigation receivers in the NMEA 0183 format (it is possible to use the lines GLL, GGA, VTG, RMC). An automatic signal adjustment for the whole range is available, which allows to obtain high-quality images against uniformly grey background in the wide range.

Technical specifications of SSS SportScan Technical parameters Values Frequency, kHz Dual frequency, 330/800

Transducers One transducer per side, tilted down 20o

Transducer beam width 330 kHz: 1.8o x 60o

800 kHz: 0.7o x 30o

Range resolution Both sides displayed: Range scale/250 Single side displayed: Range scale/500. Мах. – 0.03 m

Range scales, m 15, 30, 60, 90, 120

Max. operating depth, m 30

Max. cable length, m 60

Interface RS-232, velocity 115.2 kbps

Power supply, V 10-16 VDC, мах. 300 mA

Dimensions, mm Diameter 114, length 833

Weight, not including ballast, kg In air 4.5 In water 1.2

Ballast Standard diver weights

Minimum computer requirements

100 MHz Pentium 16 MB RAM 1 GB Hard Disk 800 x 600 x 256 colour graphics

Operating system Windows™ 95, 98, Me, NT®, 2000®, XP®

GPS data input format NMEA 0183 (4800, N, 8, 1) GLL, GGA, VTG, RMC Software used for the operation of SSS SportScan

The selection of the data source: the aerial module or previously recorded files. The selection of a file for the data recording. The file name and its current size during recording are displayed in the top part of the screen. The creation of a new small-sized file from the previously recorded file. Saving of a copy of the working screen in the BMP format. Saving the current configuration. Selection of the colour regime of displaying the SSS data: 107 gradations of grey (from white to black or from black to white), 107 gradations of brown, the colour palette. Setting of serial ports for receiving the data from the aerial module and the navigation receiver. Setting of the type of the line received from the navigation receiver. Selection of the sonar operational frequency (for the dual-frequency version). Selection of channels for imaging: both channels, left side, right side. Change of balance between the left channel and the right channel. Setting of the range for each side. Setting of the gain. Setting of the measuring units (metres, feet).

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Switching the co-ordinate grid of the data field on/off. Screen clearance. Display of principal service information about the operation of the aerial module. The “magnifying glass” mode, movable on the screen. Switching on/off of the mode of displaying the SSS data, with the identical size for the X and Y axes. Switching on/off of the mode of receiving the information about the vessel velocity from the navigation receiver. Manual setting of the vessel velocity (in knots), if it is impossible to receive velocity data from GPS. Switching on/off of the mode of making regular marks for the top and bottom borders of the SSS image. The replay of the previously recorded files with changing the replay velocity. Change of distance between two objects. Determination of the object height based on the length of the acoustic shadow. Stopping/switching-on of the image replay on the screen.

Processing of data of side-scan sonar investigations of the sea bottom

Display of sonograms on paper is executed in the post-processing mode, supported by the software

MAX - Vew1v24. The data processing is carried out using the onboard processing set based on the Pentium IV computer;

1.6 GHz, RAM 1 GB (minimum). Further processing envisages the production of a side-scan map (“mosaic”) of the site using the

software SonarWiz.Map (“Chesapeake Technology, Inc.”, USA).

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MARINE MAGNETIC SURVEYS

Marine magnetic surveys are conducted with the purpose of identification and mapping of artificial iron-containing objects located either on the sea bottom or in the upper subbottom.

As a rule, magnetic surveys are not conducted during the inspection of pipelines. They become necessary only in order to map completely buried pipelines.

The following items are the objects of mapping: metal-containing objects or equipment, including debris, ship mechanisms and equipment, pipelines, drilling tools, military equipment, munitions, electrical lines under power etc.

The magnetic surveys are conducted using a high-accuracy marine cesium magnetometer G-882 (manufactured by “GeoMetrics, Inc.”, USA).

Main technical parameters of the marine magnetometer G-882:

• cesium magnetometer G-882, with built-in echo sounder and depth sensor; • auto-oscillation system with a high sensitivity sensor CM-221 and optical pumping of cesium vapour

with a split beam (non-radioactive); • measurement range – 10,000 nT to 100,000 nT • the operational zone is limited by the angle formed by the earth magnetic field with the equator of

the sensor, which must be at least 6º, and at least 6º with the longitudinal axis of the sensor; • counter CM-221 with the sensitivity <0.004 nT/πHz (RMS); • sampling rate per sec.- 10; • heading error - +/- 1 nT (over entire 360° spin and tumble); • absolute accuracy < 1 nT throughout the range; • data output - RS-232 at 1,200 to 19,200 Baud; • protocol of interface with GPS system – NMEA 0183; • data recording and display – on PC using View201 auxiliary software, on the monitor,

simultaneously with navigation data; • waterproof to the depth of 2,750 m; • tow cable, Kevlar-strengthened, rupture strength - 900 kg; • data processing software: MagLog LiteTM using the onboard processing set based on the

Pentium IV computer; 1.6 GHz, RAM 1 GB.

Marine cesium magnetometer G-882 in the geophysical laboratory of the vessel

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Magnetometer G-882 on the deck of the research vessel before lowering overboard

The magnetometer is towed at least 2 – 2.5 vessel lengths behind the stern. Thus, the impact of the vessel magnetic field on the measured parameters is excluded. Under the shallow water conditions, the magnetometer is towed using a non-magnetic float installed near the tow fish.

The optimum depth of the magnetometer towing is determined by the depth of the offshore area under investigation, sea state and forecast values of the weight of iron-containing objects. The data display in real time is executed by View201 software, processing results can be seen on a LCD monitor together with the navigation data. During the measurements of magnetic field, the monitor screen displays (in real time) the graph of the measured magnetic field, bottom section in the depth scale, depth of the tow fish and navigation situation.

Geophysical laboratory of the research vessel. Onboard processing of data of marine magnetic surveys using MagLog LiteTM software.

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An example of display of marine magnetic survey data in real time using MagLog LiteTM software.

The left side of the figure displays information on the measured magnetic field in nT, water depth in

metres, comprising 16.4 m at the moment, the depth of the magnetometer fish – 2.6 m. The right side displays navigation situation during the survey.

Processing of data of marine magnetic surveys

The data processing is carried out using the onboard processing set based on the Pentium IV computer; 1.6 GHz, RAM 1 GB.

Onboard processing of marine magnetic data is carried out using the following software: MagLog LiteTM, Excel, Surfer 8, AutoDesk Land Desktop, AutoCad:

• editing of raw data; • formatting data based on measurement tacks; • attributing geometry; • production of graphs of measured magnetic field; • calculations of the high-frequency component of the measured magnetic field; • preparation of maps – graphs of the high-frequency component of the measured magnetic field; • preparation of maps of magnetic anomalies at the survey scale.

The onboard processing set is based on the Pentium IV computer; 1.6 GHz, RAM 1 GB.

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An example of the map of anomalies of high-frequency magnetic field component, the site size 1 km x 1 km, scale 1:5,000

The anomalies of the high-frequency component do not exceed 10-20 nT. They reflect the regional background magnetic field, associated with the direction of the lines of faults.

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An example of identification of an iron-containing object in combination with side-scan sonar data

A graph of the measured magnetic field (in the top part of the Figure) and an echogram are combined

with sonogram (digital sonar С-МАХ 2, frequency range LF 102 kHz, slant range 100 m). In the lower and central parts of the sonogram, one can see tracks of three jack-up legs. The rig was

transferred in the direction of the arrow by 115 m, to a site with more consolidated soils. At the new rig site, one can clearly see a wellhead with traces of drilling mud (cuttings).

The magnetic field was measured by the G-882 magnetometer with the measurement range 10,000 - 100,000 nT. An anomaly is singled out in the graph of the measured magnetic field and its high-frequency component, coinciding with the location of the wellhead. The value of the anomaly is 310 nT; the anomaly is associated with the presence of an iron-containing mass in the upper subbottom, weighing about 1 ton. Probably, these are components of a vertical drill string, which are situated below the sea bottom level.

In order to single out target with a small weight (<100 - 150 kg), additional processing of magnetic data is necessary. In this case, anomalies from iron-containing targets do not exceed background values of the magnetic field, associated with the geological structure of the soil section. In order to single out the anomalies, the software, which is compatible with MAGPAP 2D FFT, is used, allowing to execute filtering, transformation, calculations of the spectrum, and other types of processing of field data.

During the final stage, the processed data must be interpreted in combination with side-scan maps for the target areas.

100 m

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a) Sonogram LF=102 kHz, slant range 100 m

An example of singling out an iron-containing object. Magnetic anomaly comprises 12-14 nT. The weight of the target does not exceed 25 kg. Probably, it is fisheries gear.

50 m х 50 m

Iron-containing object b) Map of high-frequency component of the magnetic field, magnetometer G-882, measurement range 10,000-100,000 nT.

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SEISMIC ACOUSTIC PROFILING

The scheme of inspection of underwater pipelines using the seismic acoustic profiling method

Seismic acoustic profiling is carried out to determine the size of free spans (sags) of pipelines in bare areas and to determine the depth of the pipe burial in buried areas. This method is most successfully used in gas pipelines, because the sound velocity in gas and water differs considerably, and pipelines reflect the acoustic signals quite well. It is carried out using the SAK-6 set of equipment. The receiving-emitting devices of the seismic acoustic channels are fastened on the vessel, thus ensuring the stability of horizontal positioning of the profiling locations, when the vessel deviates from the planned heading. In order to ensure the necessary details and horizontal resolution of seismic acoustic sections, the high-frequency profiling option is used in the range 1,000-8,000 Hz with the frequency of pulse excitation of up to 5 times per second and emitted energy 150-180 J. The penetration depends on the type of bottom soils; it is, as a rule, sufficient for the identification of pipelines covered by the soil layer with the thickness 1.5-2 m. In very fine silty sediments, it is possible to trace pipelines covered by thick soil layer, which is up to 6 m thick. An electrodynamic energy source is used for the excitation of elastic oscillations – “Boomer”, with the emitted energy up to 200 J. Every line is positioned and contains co-ordinates in its label, obtained by a GPS receiver, using the WGS-84 system. When data are loaded into the database, the co-ordinates are transformed into the rectangular system ordered by the user. The energy parameters of the equipment ensure an optimum combination of penetration in order to locate buried pipelines and frequency of pulse

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emission for detailed imaging of pipeline position in relation to bottom sediments transported by near-bottom currents. If reliable parameters are available, including data on sound velocity in water and near-bottom soils, with continuous control of the surface water level, based on the high-frequency channel records, the accuracy of the pipeline depth about ±10 cm is achieved. The data processing software ensures high speed of determination of the vertical and horizontal position of the pipes. Besides, based on seismic acoustic records, it is possible to study the structure of the soil massif and features of the riverbed lithodynamic processes.

Technical parameters of the seismic acoustic system SAK-6 (Manufacturer: Joint Stock Co.

“Morinzhgeologia”, Latvia):

• block of recording, data processing and display:

echosounding, electrical soundings (for the calculation and display in real time of the signal -number of main channels – 2; -number of auxiliary channels – 3, including DGPS navigation data in the NMEA 0183 format,

echosounding, electrical soundings (for the calculation and display in real time of the signal amplitude spectrum in the near zone);

-data recording – digital; -data recording – digital; -recording format – binary, compatible with principal seismic data processing software packages; -sampling rate – 93.75 and 31.25 µs; -recording length – 180 and 60 ms; -delay of start of recording – adjustable, from 0.01 to 0.65 msec.; -band-pass filtering, adjustable, band pass 100 – 2,500 and 2,500 – 8,000 Hz for the dominant frequencies 600 and 4,000 Hz, correspondingly;

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-recording gain – adjustable; -dynamic range 110 dB; -intrinsic noise level - max. 1µV; -word length of A/D transformation – 16; -emission frequency 1-5 Hz; -minimum requirements to the PC: RAM – 8 Mbytes, Pentium – S, HD – 1.2 GB; -display in real time – on LCD monitor screen; -storage – CD; -data processing – RadExPro+ software package.

o current pulse generators GIT-5, GIT-6, maximum stored energy - 0.5 kJ,

Pulse generator GIT-5 for operations from small-size craft

o acoustic source: “Boomer”- an electrodynamic energy source with the dominant frequency 4,000 Hz, emission power – up to 500 J;

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Electrodynamic acoustic source”Boomer” and oil-filled piezo receiver

• The receiver is equipped with piezo-ceramic transformers of hydroacoustic pressure into

electrical signal, with an umbilical filled with glycerol: for the dominant frequency 4000 Hz – linear, in groups the number of hydrophones - 11, with the base of 0.95 m, sensitivity 300 µV/Pa, with

rectangular distribution of sensitivity.

Generator of current pulses (GIT-6)

For the inspection of offshore pipelines, the emitter and receiver are installed on a catamaran float, towed behind the vessel in the zone with minimal acoustic noise. The towing depth of both emitter and receiver is minimal (about 20 - 25 cm). The towing depth of the emitter and receiver is minimal (ca 20-25 cm).

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Electrodynamic source in fairing Receiver HSAS-1-0.89

Location of the electrodynamic source (“Boomer”) and receiver HSAS-1-0.89 on the catamaran float

Both the emitter and receiver are attached to the catamaran body by special rods, allowing to adjust the towing depth. The towing during profiling is carried out with the vessel velocity about 4-5 knots. Shallow towing depth of both emitter and receiver impose limitations to the execution of operations due to weather conditions.

The catamaran float with installed seismic acoustic equipment of the frequency range 4,000 Hz is towed behind the stern of the research vessel outside the wake, in the zone of minimum acoustic noise.

PROCESSING AND INTERPRETATION OF SEISMIC ACOUSTIC DATA Digital seismic acoustic records are obtained in the dynamic range up to 96 dB, with the possibility of selection among a wide range of initial gain and analogue high- and low-frequency filters depending on concrete seismic-geological conditions. Each seismic line has a position tie-in

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and contains co-ordinates in its label, obtained by a GPS receiver using the WGS-84 system. When data are loaded into the database, the co-ordinates are recalculated into a rectangular system based on the client’s request. Pre-processing of records is carried out using software products, which are used in oil and gas prospecting seismic. The software package RadExPro, incorporating all the necessary processing procedures using PCs with the operation system Microsoft Windows, is one of such tools. During the interpretation stage, correlation of phase coincidence and tie-in of horizons are carried out, as well as interactive readout of times of reflections from the bottom and subbottom layers, their loading in the database together with co-ordinates, time-to-depth transformation using a priori information regarding the geometry of emitters and receivers onboard the vessel in relation to the GPS receiver and level of the water surface, velocities of propagation of elastic waves and absolute elevation of the water horizon based on the water gauge station data. Later on, seismic-geological sections and maps of reflector tops are produced. Calculations of co-ordinates of points of crossing of the lines and siphons are made, and bottom relief sections along the siphon transits are produced. The results of the above calculations are loaded in the database and are later used for the preparation of main documents of investigations – longitudinal profiles along the siphons and logs of the marks of the bottom and top of the pipe.

Icon of the programme for readout of pipe top marks for the exposed and buried siphons on a seismic acoustic time section and that of establishment of the database for preparing a longitudinal profile

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Under the conditions of crossings over the Ob river, some sections of gas trunk lines are located within migrating sandy ramparts, due to which they become exposed, with the formation of dangerous sagging. Cases were observed when a gas pipeline buried to 3-4 m below the bottom, became exposed during flooding within 1.5-2 months, with the formation of sagging sections of a critical length (up to 90 m). During the evaluation of the technical condition of river crossings of gas trunk lines under the conditions of active lithodynamic processes, the position of pipes in relation to the bottom of transported sediments, rather than the absolute depth of their burial, is of importance.

Seismic acoustic profiling data allow to follow quick changes in the conditions of the siphon positions in relation to the bottom, e.g., in the zone of moving sand ridges along the surface of dense bottom soil. That surface remains practically unchanged in time, although, in many cases, it is not the so-called surface of maximum washout.

Acoustic anomalies may appear on seismic acoustic sections, which, based on most

geophysical features, may be caused by upward flow of gas bubbles, seeping from micro-fissures in pipelines.

Fragment of seismic acoustic depth section along line 65 at a sagging and exposed siphon section of the gas trunk lines Nadym-Punga I and Nadym-Punga II. The lower corridor of the underwater crossing of the gas trunk line at Peregebnoe

village. The condition as of 6.08.2001 with the water horizon +16.73 m

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UNDERWATER VIDEO SURVEYS AND INSPECTION USING ROVs Underwater video surveys are used for the inspection and recording of the condition of pipelines and underwater parts of offshore structures, occurrence of foreign artificial objects on the seabed in the vicinity of a pipeline or structure. Underwater video surveys are carried out either by divers or from remotely operated underwater vehicles (ROV), equipped with video cameras, lights, manipulator and beacon of underwater acoustic positioning system for the positioning of the ROV. A ROV could be also equipped with side-scan, sector and scanning sonars, echo sounder, subbottom profiler, route finder, meter of anode potentials, calliper, flaw detector. H 300 Mark II

Subsea inspection & observation ROV

H300 Mk II is a powerful and compact 300m inspection and observation electric ROV. It’s made of a shockproof polypropylene frame and all components are in stainless steel. Open frame design allows a modular configuration and the flexibility of adding optional equipment. High- definition cameras and powerful lights mounted on pan/tilt turret allow it to carry out different kinds of missions.

Examples of seismic acoustic records for the lines 72 and 81 – an area of the supposed gas seepage from the siphon of the lower main line of gas trunk line SRTO-

Torzhok at an underwater crossing across the Ob River

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H 300 Mk II system is composed of: · One remotely operated vehicle H300 Mk II · 200m of neutral buoyant umbilical · One shock proof surface control unit including power supply and pilot control box. Main operational features

• Weight in air (fully equipped) : 65 kg • Max additional payload in water : 8 Kg • Length : 0.84 m • Width : 0.60 m • Height : 0.47 m • Movement in three axis plus rotation around axis ensured by four thrusters • Depth rating : 300m • Max speed (without current) : 2.5Kts • Temperature : 0°C to 50°C in operation (-10°C t o 60°C stored)

H300 ROV provides a high performance viewing system. It is incorporated in the bottom of a full pan and tilt unit. The basic video system includes 2 TV cameras and 4 lights.

• One black & white, high sensibility video camera, fixed on the front of the structure which permits navigation and checks the environment. Two 75W halogen lights, fixed on bottom part of the vehicle illuminate the forward scene. Their intensity can be controlled by the operator.

• One survey TV camera colour with zoom, positioned Pan&Tilt unit with wide angle movements with, on each side of the lens, a laser diode (1mW) yielding two strictly parallel beams providing a yardstick reference for 2D. Two 75 W lights in a stainless

steel housing, with variable intensity, provides optimum lighting are mounted with the camera.

• An extra black & white panoramic camera can be fitted on the rear of the vehicle: this wide angle camera looks forward to provide a better view of the environment.

• A 10 mega pixels high resolution digital still camera with a synchronised flash for outstanding pictures even with low light exposure.

The propulsion is executed by means of 4 thrusters, each equipped with a brushless motor.

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Two horizontal thrusters (forward thrust 34 kg) are used for forward, reverse, twist, and left-right rotation on movements. The lateral thruster (17 kg thrust) is used for right and left lateral movements. The vertical thruster (17 kg thrust) is used for up and down movements. For its navigation, H 300 ROV is equipped of basic sensor suite. All electronic boards are housed in a single container. Access to this container is extremely easy, facilitating the maintenance task: All ROV’s connectors and components are installed in a container Surface communication is through RS485 data unit Navigation sensors: - Heading sensor: 3 axis magnetometer sensor with auto heading function - Depth sensor: piezo resistive sensor with auto depth function - Other sensor s: Inside temperature Water ingress Amperage feedback The ROV is equipped with the ORE Track point Teardrop Transponder/Responder. Optional navigation sensors, available upon request, can be mounted to be in agreement with customer’s requirement as an echo sounder altimeter with auto-altitude function or different kinds of sonars (side scan, navigation or imaging). “Skid” mounted additional tools and sensors: DIDSON Acoustic Camera 5 Functions hydraulic manipulator arm Metal Detector Side Scan Sonar The control unit is houses a computer, where all ROV‘s controls are handled by a friendly software. Video, images and all control data are viewed on a 15" LCD screen. This control unit, housed in a shockproof and splashproof container has the following dimensions: · Length: 0.56 m · Width: 0.5 m · Height: 0.9 m · Weight: 70 kg Containers also incorporate a digital video recorder.

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The control & command system permits to: · Communicate with vehicle (19 200 bauds RS485 format) · Scroll-down menus on the screen for: o Camera parameters o Auto heading and auto depth o Digital stills cameras controls o Recording photos on hard disk o Lights control (on/off, intensity) Select TV camera inspection or piloting · Display on the screen TV images, navigation parameters, vehicle indicators Main control unit provides power supply to the ROV’s umbilical. Input power supply requirements: 3.5KVA 110VAC/230 VAC (50/60 Hz) single phase.

INSPECTION ROV SUB-ATLANTIC NAVAJO

• light weight – 35 kg • possibility of manual actuation • depth rating 300 m • high towing power • possibility of working in strong currents • forward velocity – 6 knots • standard payload – 5 kg • highly sensitive colour and black and white video cameras • HID lamps • auto-heading and depth • video text block • possibility of installation of SSS • instrumented platform and manipulator • high reliability and easy maintenance

Technical specifications Depth rating: standard - 300 m, (>300 m optional)

Payload: standard - 5 kg (>5 kg optional)

Dimensions: Height: 405 mm Length: 950 mm Width: 631 mm

Weight in air: 35 kg

Thrust: Forward: 46 kgf Lateral: 18 kgf Vertical: 18 kgf ROV maximum velocity/maximum operational current: Forward: > 5.83 knots Lateral: > 2.43 knots Vertical: > 2.43 knots Turning rate: 120 degrees per second.

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The video module is located in the frontal part of the vehicle; it consists of a transparent cylindrical acrylic housing. The module contains a platform, on which a colour video camera with variable zoom, a highly sensitive black and white video camera, 50 W dimmer-controlled halogen lamps and two laser emitters are installed. In addition, there are spherical windows for luminaires on both ends of the cylinder. Each sphere contains a 20 W gaseous discharge lamp, the power of which is equivalent to 60 W of halogen lighting. There is a magnetic compass there as well. The laser emitters are used for the establishment of a reference distance by emitting two parallel rays with known distance between them onto the inspected object. Components of the ROV system The frame has hydrodynamic configuration and is made of impact-resistant corrosion-proof plastic. The frame can be easily dismantled for the purposes of maintenance, repair or replacement of the internal components of the ROV. All parts of the frame have easily detachable fixings and landings for attaching manipulators and other attachment tools. The telemetric system The communication channel “surface-ROV” - 8 analogue channels, 12-bit resolution, 16 digital channels. The communication channel “ROV-surface - 8 analogue channels, 12-bit resolution, 16 digital channels. The velocity of the signal transmission – 57.6 kBaud. The communication channel – one – of the RS485 standard and one additional – of the RS232 standard. The system of motors-thrusters The vehicle is equipped with 4 “wet” type thrusters SPE-75 (two marching, one vertical and one horizontal). The thrusters are water-filled, which makes oil-filled compensators and magnetic couplings unnecessary. The thrusters are attached to ROVs using easily detachable couplings. Instrumented platforms It is possible to attach instrumented platforms and a manipulator to NAVAJO; they have neutral buoyancy and could be designed either by the customer or by the manufacturer according to the stated requirements. Extra equipment The following additional equipment could be installed on the ROV Navajo: • Dual frequency side-scan sonar • Subbottom profiler • Side-scan sonar • Bathymetric and oceanographic sensors • Marine corrosion meter and thickness measurement sensors • Extra manipulators Additional support systems for ROV NAVAJO The main ROV system consists of: The surface control unit (SCU) The remote control unit The cable SCU of ROV NAVAJO SCU is a 19” console ensuring the transmission of power and control of the whole system. That compact block incorporates a power supply unit with the system of insulation control, telemetry, system of lamp adjustment, function of automatic heading and depth control (height as an option), meter of cable revolutions and video text. SCU also controls the operation of the instrumented platforms. The block is connected with the power cable and the cable of the ROV. Power: 80-264 V AC, 47-440 Hz, 3.0-4.8 kW. The remote control unit is used for the control of the ROV movement and is connected with the SCU by cable. The standard remote control unit is a joystick Sony PS2 as the most popular with the operators of ROVs. The SCU and ROV are connected by a cable with the diameter 14 mm, connected to the ROV by an electrical connector with a metal case. The NAVAJO ROV consists of three main modules: the module of motors-thrusters, the video module and the frame.

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The module of motors-thrusters is located in the back part of the vehicle and consists of the housing of the electronic block, landings for the installation of 4 thrusters and sockets for connecting the cable and the video module. The electronic equipment of the power supply and the telemetric block are inside that block; they are accessed by removing the bayonet fixing plug. Inspection ROV GNOM Standard

The GNOM ROV is used during shallow-water operations, from small-size vessels and launches with limited power supply and space. The GNOM ROVs have demonstrated excellent performance during the inspection of underwater pipelines, underwater parts of drilling rigs and oil platforms. Such operations are carried out regularly in the Caspian Sea using GNOMs. They are most effective for the ecological operations.

Technical specifications

• Number of thrusters: 3 (4) • Operating depth: 120 m • Horizontal speed: up to 3 knots • Cable: diameter 3mm, Kevlar-strengthened, up to 200 m long • Video camera: colour SONY Super HAD CCD 1/3", 520 TV Lines, 0.3 lux • LED lights • Digital compass (heading retention function; data are displayed on a monitor screen) • Depth sensor (depth retention function; data are displayed on a monitor screen) • Power supply and control unit: 220 VAC or 12 VDC • Power consumption: 150 W • The full system is packed in two STORMCASE cases • ROV weight in the air: 3 kg, total system weight: 18 kg • ROV dimensions: 310x180x150 mm • Digital data display

Advantages of GNOM ROVs:

• The complete system is placed in two briefcases – the ROV, coil with cable, battery-powered control unit, video monitor and recording device.

• Simplicity and convenience of operation — the ROV is controlled by one operator using a radio joystick.

• Possibility of operation from any vessel — the ROV can be deployed both from a big vessel and a small launch or motor boat.

• Readiness for the start of operations — the preparation for operations takes no more than 3-5 minutes.

• Thin cable (2-3 mm thick). Unlike with other underwater vehicles, it drags the ROV much less and allows to operate at the stated depth in reality.

• Small weight and size and excellent manoeuvrability, as well as the possibility of operation directly at an object, in particular in cavities, holes, pipes and other hardly accessible places.

• Small power consumption — 3-5 times less than in Videoray and Seabotix vehicles with practically identical actual velocity, which allows to use autonomous power from a small battery (12 Ah), built in the operator’s control unit.

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Scanning sonar Tritech Super SeaKing DST

Very latest achievements in the sphere of marine acoustic equipment have been used in the dual-frequency scanning sonar Super SeaKing DST. The utilisation of the CHIRP technology and composite transducer heads allow to obtain earlier unattainable operating detection ranges and clearest images. CHIRP technology dramatically improves the range resolution compared with conventional sonars by a factor of up to five times. In addition, the utilised modular transducer design and longer life slip ring assembly allow to minimise the consequences of operational damage and to further improve the service life of the instrument. The Super SeaKing DST shares all of the advantages of the earlier SeaKing model, which has been chosen as the standard obstacle avoidance sonar in many of the professional ROV fleets around the world. The Super SeaKing DST combines the functions of two sonars: a 352 kHz sonar with an operational range of up to 300 metres for long range target acquisition, and a 675 kHz sonar for ultra-high definition images. All products in the SeaKing DST family can be run simultaneously utilising a single cable for ArcNet communications link, using the same processor and display.

Technical specifications Operating frequency (low) Dynamic frequency change using CHIRP

technology, from 250 to 350 kHz Operating frequency (high) Dynamic frequency change using CHIRP

technology, from 620 to 720 kHz Optional high frequency 1 MHz Beamwidth, vertical 200 [325 kHz]/ 400 [675 kHz] Beamwidth, horizontal 30 [325 kHz]/ 1.50 [675 kHz] Maximum range 300 m [325 kHz]/ 100 m [675 kHz] Minimum range 0.4 m Range resolution 5-400 mm, depending on range Pulse length 20-300 µsec. Scanned sector 3600 with continuous 360° mode available Maximum diameter 110 mm Maximum length 242 mm Weight in air 3 kg Weight in water 1.4 kg Standard maximum operational depth 4000 m Optional maximum operational depth 6800 m Standard connector Tritech 6 pin with water-block Operating temperature -10..+350C Storage temperature -20..+500C

Power requirements 18-36 VDC Communication protocols ArcNet, RS232 Data communication rate 156 kBit/sec. or 78 kBit/sec. [ArcNet] /

115.2 kbaud [RS232]

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Sub-Bottom Profiler SEAKING PARAMETRIC SBP Manufacturer: Tritech

If you need to obtain a clear picture of what lies below the seabed, one can use the SeaKing Parametric SBP (sub-bottom profiler) manufactured by Tritech. The profiler is a compact, low power unit, ideal for ROV and AUV use. An innovative transducer array enables the profiler to emit very low frequencies whilst minimising the size of the overall unit. Producing a 20kHz pulse, the system is capable of highlighting structural differences in sub-bottom strata. As with all SeaKing sensors, it is possible to integrate the parametric subbottom profiler in the ArcNet network, which enables the data to be displayed, recorded and analysed on the SeaNet SCU processor. The display allows the operator to view the raw 200 kHz seabed profile, as well as image the subbottom layers produced by the 20 kHz parametric pulses. Technical specifications Primary operating frequency 200 kHz Primary beamwidth 40 Low frequency 20 kHz Low frequency beamwidth 4.50 Pulse length 100 µsec. Communication protocol ArcNet, RS232 Power requirements 24 VDC, 300 mA Weight in air 6.3 kg Weight in water 2.7 kg Maximum operational depth 700 m (optional 4000 m)

Underwater thickness gauge СYGNUS 1 The purpose of the instrument is to measure the remaining thickness of metal constructions, hull cladding and pipeline walls under water. The thickness gauge has Lloyd’s certificate and has been approved for use by the International Association of Classification Societies, of which the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping is a member. The principle of the operation of the CYGNUS 1 thickness gauge is the measurement of the time delay between the emitted ultrasonic pulse and the received reflected echo signals, the so-called “echo-echo” measurement method. The size of the time delay, as well as the quantity of the received echo signals determine the real thickness of the metal, without taking the protective paint or bitumen coating into account. Thus, using the CYGNUS 1 thickness gauge, it is possible to measure the metal thickness without prior preparation of the surface and removal of the protective coating. By its design, CYGNUS 1 is a combined measurement/power unit in a single waterproof shell, and a remote sensor on a cable for the direct contact with the surface. The sensor design allows to acquire data practically for all construction profiles, including heavily corroded surfaces, while the use of sound conductive

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protective membrane excludes physical wear and tear of the sensor material when working on untreated rough coatings.

The standard set of the CYGNUS 1 pressure gauge incorporates: • the measuring unit, • the 2.25 MHz sensor, diameter 13 mm with cable 0.9 m, • 2 rechargeable batteries and battery charger, • steel test block, • lanyard, • set of spares, with a set of sealing rings and protective membranes, • Pelican case for carrying and storage.

Technical specifications Range of measuring the sound velocity for operating with different types of materials and alloys, m/sec.

2000-7000

Thickness of measured metal, mm 1 - 250 Measurement accuracy, mm ±0.1 Permissible thickness of protective coating (paint, bitumen, epoxy etc.)

Up to 5 mm

Operating temperature -10 - +30°C Power Batteries 7.5 V Continuous operation from one battery, hours Min. 16 Size, mm

length diameter

237 85

Weight, kg 0.98 Operating depth, m 300

ACFM Method The ACFM (Alternating Current Field Measurement) method and technology of its utilization have been developed by TSC Inspection Systems (TSC). The purpose of the method is to detect and measure the sizes of microfractures in metal components. The fractures usually appear in the zones of welded connections and in threaded joints. ACFM allows to detect and measure any defects, if they reach the surface of the material (this limitation is connected with the surface principle of the propagation of electric current in metals – the so-called “skin effect” and is common for all methods of non-destructive testing of electrical nature). The ACFM method makes it possible to carry out investigations through protective coatings, growth or rust and does not require cleaning to “bare metal”. An ACFM probe introduces an electric current in the inspected material and forms a magnetic field, the uniformity of which will be distorted at the locations of defects. Micro sensors, built in the probe, trace those

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distortions, and the received signals concerning the depth (Bx) and length (Bz) of a crack provide full information about the size of the defect and its importance using special algorithms. Compared to other technologies, the main advantages of the method are as follows: the possibility of inspection without prior cleaning of the object surface; simplicity of operation and installation of the instrument; it can be used irrespective of lighting or time of the day; the crack depth can be calculated; the reduction of the voltage of the impacting field with an increase of the distance of the probe from the object is insignificant; that is why variations in the instrument readings are minimal; the supplied current is adjusted to the welding parameters; that is why with a change in the material conductivity, the current direction remains unchanged, and, consequently, no signal is produced; this technology does not require calibration to measure the size of cracks. There are above-water and underwater (U21, U31) versions of ACFM instruments. In order to increase the effectiveness of instruments, single sensors could be replaced by sensor clusters, thus reducing the time needed for investigations tenfold. There are versions of the ACFM sensors for different threaded joints, narrow joints and different configurations of the investigated components. It should also be mentioned that investigations using the ACFM method do not require the knowledge and skills of an NDT inspector from the probe operator. The analysis and processing of the data are conducted remotely. E.g., a diver only moves the probe (it can also be done by a ROV), while an inspector on the surface obtains an image of defects in real time. Thus the utilization of ACFM is more economical, because of the lack of necessity of using expensive inspectors-divers.

The utilization under water can also be executed by a diver (Model U31D), or using ROVs (Model

U31R). When used by a diver, the power is supplied by cable (up to 300 m long) from the surface model connected to a PC. When used on a ROV, the sensor is clamped on the manipulator and is connected to the underwater module, installed on the ROV, via cable. The connection with the surface module is executed via the ROV communication cable. The underwater cable received electrical power from the ROV. U31 Specifications

Subsea unit weight: 4.3 kg (in water), 7.6 kg (in air) Subsea unit size: length 260 mm, diameter 142 mm Surface unit weight: 2.6 kg Surface unit size: 235 x 190 x 110 mm Probe cable length: 5 м (standard), up to 50 m by special request Serial communications cable: 5 m (standard), up to 50 m by special request Cable: 150 m (standard), up to 300 m by special request Maximum operating depth: 300 m (standard); 2000 m for ROV use Communications protocols: U31D – RS232 U31R – RS485 Power: U31D – 110 VAC, 200 mA U31R – +/-12 VDC, 1A

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General information about the diving equipment set

The set consists of modules based on marine 10-20 ft containers, installed on the vessel deck. The number of modules at the place of works depends on the character and scope of the planned diving operations.

The minimum composition of the working diving set is as follows: - the module of high-pressure compressors; - the pressure chamber module; - the module of descent control.

The purpose of the compressor module is to provide the users with purified air continuously, with high

pressure 20.0 MPa and medium pressure 3.5 MPa, as well as storage of high-pressure (20.0 MPa) air and distribution of 220-380 VAC electrical power.

The compressor module is used in diving operations at the water depth up to 60 m under any climate conditions. It can be used as a source of high and medium pressure air for technical needs, and as a convertor of 220-380 VAC electrical power.

The pressure chamber module is a standard 20 ft container with equipment for the execution of working (up to 60 m) and medicinal (up to 100 m) decompression of four divers, using the air and the oxygen modes.

The following equipment is located in the module: - A set of pressure chamber TDS-1 (“DREGER WERK A.G. DECON 1800”) for 4 persons:

- a biotoilet; - a system of bibs masks with oxygen supply; - a heating system; - a system of video observation and communication with internal compartments;

- a locking system;

- a control, communication and gas distribution station.

- High-pressure air bottles, 10x50 litres, the working pressure 20 MPa. - Medical oxygen bottles, 4x40 litres, the working pressure 15 MPa. - Helium bottles, 4x40 litres, the working pressure 15 MPa. - Pipeline and fitting system for air, medical oxygen, high and medium pressure helium.

The control module is based on a standard 10 ft container. The module equipment allows to control simultaneous work of three divers, carrying out two-way communication and video monitoring. The module is equipped with voice and FM radio communication with the service personnel on the deck and the vessel control station, remote control of the welding transformer for underwater welding and cutting.

If underwater repair operations become necessary, additional modules with the necessary equipment are installed on the deck.

Equipment for underwater inspections

1. Equipment for cleaning the surfaces of metal components from marine growth - HP water jets (750 bar), and also for cleaning the thermal zone of welds to the degree SA-2½ for NDT ACFM and NDT MPI.

2. A hydraulic compressor “Honda-90” with a set of manual diving hydraulic appliances “STANLEY” (a polishing machine, a cutting saw, and a wrench).

3. “BROCO” equipment for underwater electric arc welding (for soft steel and stainless steel) and electrical oxygen cutting (using ultra thermal electrodes).

4. Underwater inspection high-resolution TV systems with synchronous digital and VHS recording 5. Digital and film equipment for underwater photography. 6. An underwater digital thickness gauge “CYGNUS-1” for measuring the residual thickness of tubular and

plate underwater metal components. 7. TSC U-31 – an underwater ACFM crack microgauge system for tubular and plate components of both

above-water and underwater metal constructions. 8. ROXBY corrosion potential meter for measuring potentials in tubular and plate components of

underwater constructions aimed at monitoring the serviceability of corrosion protection.

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LIST OF EQUIPMENT USED AND ENGINEERING-HYDROGRAPHICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL OPERATIONS AND FOR UNDERWATER INSPECTION

Navigation-geodetic support Satellite marine differential service RTG DUAL;

Receiver C-NAV-2050, C-NAV-3050; Receiver of differential signals PKI-2; underwater acoustic positioning system USBL EasyTrak by Applied Acoustic

Satellite communications INMARSAT FleetBroadband (voice satellite communications, data transmission); GLOBALSTAR, terminal Qualcom GSP 1600 with adapter GSP 1410, ensuring continuous connection; direct telephone communications, e-mail, fax.

Hydrographical equipment Depth measurements Echo sounder NAVISOUND 515 (Reson, Denmark); Echo sounder NAVISOUND 110 (Reson, Denmark); Dual frequency echo sounder EchoTrac CVM (ODOM

Hydrographic Systems (USA); Mutibeam echo sounder EM3002;

Ultra short baseline (USBL) acoustic positioning system EasyTrak (UK);

Heave compensator HS 50 (TSS, UK); Electronic heave compensator and GPS compass OCTANS IV ; Deep-sea level gauge Aquanaut HYDRASS -3 (Germany);

Sea level recorder TideMaster; Sea level recorder MiniTide ;

System for measuring the sound velocity in water SVP-15 (UK).

Side-scan sonar investigations Towed digital side-scan sonar

CM 2 DF (C Max Ltd, UK) Onboard digital side-scan sonar

Atlas-2 (Morinzhgeologia, Latvia) Winch for lowering/extraction of the sonar, with a remote

control unit and cable meter. Marine magnetic surveys Marine magnetometer G-882 (GeoMetrics, USA) Underwater inspection

Observation and inspection ROV H 300 Mark II Underwater ROV SUB-ATLANTIC NAVAJO Inspection ROV GNOM Standard Scanning sonar Tritech Super SeaKing DST Sub-bottom profiler SEAKING PARAMETRIC SBP Underwater thickness gauge СYGNUS 1

ACFM System, Model U31D

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SOFTWARE FOR PROCESSING DATA OF INSPECTION AND ENGINEERING-HYDROGRAPHICAL INVESTIGATIONS

NAME PURPOSE Trimble-Hydro-6-06.01 Acquisition and processing of DGPS data. HYPAC MAX SURVEY

Planning of hydrographical surveys and acquisition of depth measurement data. Processing of depth measurement data.

EHOLOT - D Acquisition of depth measurement data. SIS Acquisition of depth measurement data using multibeam echo

sounder EM3002 QINSy Software set for acquisition and processing of depth

measurement data using multibeam echo sounder HYPAC MAX Office Processing of side-scan data. MAX-View 1v24 Visualization of side-scan data. SONAR WIZ.MAP Processing of side-scan data. Slant range corrections, production

of side-scan maps (mosaics). Sonar Processing of side-scan data. Slant range corrections, production

of side-scan maps (mosaics). View 201 Visualization of marine magnetic survey data. MagLog Lite TM Processing of marine magnetic survey data, identification of

iron-containing targets. MAGMAP 2000 Preparation of maps, drawing isolines of 2D and 3D images. Land Development Desktop 3 (LDD 3) of the basis of AUTOCAD 2000

Automated design system possessing capabilities of a geoinformation system.

Surfer 8,10 Software for producing digital models of surfaces, production of maps of different fields (depth maps, time maps, maps of reflection amplitudes etc.). Production of 3D relief models.

Grapher 5 Software for producing 2D scientific graphics: graphs, diagrams, bar graphs, cross-plots etc.

Corel Draw 11 Software for preparation, editing and printing vector and raster graphics.

MapInfo 6.5

Geoinformation system for preparation and editing of different maps. It is used alongside with LDD 3 and Surfer 8 for producing maps and analyzing spatial-related information.

Paradox 8 System of database management. It is used as an additional tool during data analysis.

MS Office 2000 Working with documents Word, Excel, Power Point, and Access.