Table of elements Group

IB

CopperCu

DEFINITION OF COPPER It is a ductile metal with very high thermal and

electrical conductivity. Pure copper is soft and malleable; a freshly exposed surface has a reddish-orange color. It is used as a conductor of heat and electricity, a building material, and a constituent of various metal alloys.

The softness of copper partly explains its high electrical conductivity and thus also high thermal conductivity, which are the second highest among pure metals at room temperature.

Copper does not react with water but it does slowly react with atmospheric oxygen to form a layer of brown-black copper oxide which, unlike the rust which forms when iron is exposed to moist air, protects the underlying copper from more extensive corrosion.

HISTORY OF COPPER The metal and its alloys have been used for

thousands of years. In the Roman era, copper was principally mined on Cyprus, hence the origin of the name of the metal as сyprium (metal of Cyprus).

APPLICATIONS OF COPPER Wire and cable Electronic and related devices Electric motor

Copper motor rotors, a new technology designed for motor applications where energy savings are prime design objectives.

Architecture

SilverAg

DEFINITION OF SILVER Silver is a chemical element with the

chemical symbol Ag and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it possesses the highest electrical conductivity of any element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal.

Silver is a very ductile, malleable (slightly harder than gold), coinage metal, with a brilliant white metallic luster that can take a high degree of polish. It has the highest electrical conductivity of all metals, even higher than copper, but its greater cost has prevented it from being widely used in place of copper for electrical purposes.

APPLICATIONS OF SILVER Currency Jewelry and silverware Dentistry Construction of high-quality musical

wind instruments of many types.

HISTORY OF SILVER Silver has been used for thousands of

years for ornaments and utensils, trade, and as the basis for many monetary systems. Its value as a precious metal was long considered second only to gold. The word "silver" appears in Anglo-Saxon in various spellings, such as seolfor and siolfor. A similar form is seen throughout the Germanic languages The chemical symbol Ag is from the Latin word for "silver", argentum (compare Greek άργυρος, árgyros), from the Indo-European root *arg-, meaning "white" or "shining". Silver has been known since ancient times.

GoldAu

DEFINITION OF GOLD Gold is a chemical element with the

symbol Au and atomic number 79. It is a dense, soft, malleable and ductile metal with a bright yellow color and luster, the properties of which remain without tarnishing when exposed to air or water.

Gold resists attacks by individual acids, but it can be dissolved by aqua regia (nitro-hydrochloric acid), so named because it dissolves gold. Gold also dissolves in alkaline solutions of cyanide, which have been used in mining. It dissolves in mercury.

APPLICATIONS OF GOLD Monetary exchange Investment Jewelry Medicine (dentistry) Industry Electronics

1. All the elements of the group IB have been known since prehistoric times, as all of them occur in metallic form in nature and no extraction metallurgy has to be used to produce them.