Group Dynamics: Inclusion Identity
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Transcript of Group Dynamics: Inclusion Identity
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8/13/2019 Group Dynamics: Inclusion Identity
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Inclusion &
IdentityGroup DynamicsPsyc 38
C. Sagarbarria
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How do people go from a
me to a we?Inclusion
When the individual becomes an insider - a member of the
group
Collectivism
When members think and act for the good of the group, and
not for themselves and what they can get out of the groupIdentity
When an individuals sense of identity changes and includes
qualities of the group as well
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FROM ISOLATION TO
INCLUSION
The Need to Belong
The dispositional tendency to seek out
and join with other humans
Humans have a pervasive drive to form atleast a minimum quantity of lasting,
positive, and impactful interpersonal
relationships
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The Pain of Exclusion
Belonging to a group satisfies our needto belong
BUT when we are isolated from
people or excluded from a group - it
can be upsetting
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Maximum
Exclusion
Active
Exclusion
Passive
ExclusionAmbivalence
Passive
Inclusion
Active
Inclusion
Maximum
Inclusion
Group rejectsor ostracizes
person
Group avoidsperson
Groupignoresperson
Group neitheraccepts nor
rejectsindividual
Groupallows
member tojoin
Groupwelcomes
member
Groupactivelyrecruitsmember
Rejection Acceptance
The Inclusion/Exclusion
Continuum
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Ostracism
Excluding one or
more individuals from
a group by reducingor eliminating contact
with the person,
usually by ignoring,shunning, or
explicitly banishing
them.!"#$# &'()*$+ ",-+../01-012#34-#$05#6.789:;?"@A.B@CDE=55=&F.GGGGGGGGHI
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Emotional effects of being ostracised include:
Frustration, anxiousness, nervousness,loneliness
Physiological effects include:
Elevated blood pressure and heart rate, and
erratic breathing
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CyberOstracism
Banishment or
exclusion in a virtual
environment such as
the Internet.
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5 Characteristic Stress
Responses
Freeze
Fight or Flight
Tend or Befriend
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FreezeA general shutdown in
behavioral and emotional
reactivity
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Fight or Flight
The instinctive
physiological
response to a
threatening situation,
which readies one
either to resist forcibly
or to run away.
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Tend and Befriend
(Tend) support and care for others, help thegroup in any way they can and become
cooperative
(Befriend) make new friends or strengthen
friendships
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SocioMeter Theory
A theory of self-esteem from an evolutionary
psychological perspective that proposes self-esteem
is a gauge (or sociometer) for interpersonal
relationships
Self-esteem is not the evaluation of your worthit
is an indicator of how well you are accepted into
social groups
The Herd Instinct
Humans are instinctively drawn to gather with other
humans
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FROM INDIVIDUALISM TO
COLLECTIVISMIndividualism
A tradition, ideology, or personal outlook that
emphasizes the primacy of the individual and his orher rights, independence, and relationships with
other individuals
Collectivism
A tradition, ideology, or personal orientation that
emphasizes the primacy of the group or community
rather than each individual
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Individualism and Collectivism
have different emphasis when it
comes to:
social relations,
social obligations,
and the social self
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Social Relations
Exchange and Communal Relations
Reciprocity - Equity Norm, Equality
Norm
Social Obligations - social contract
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Social Self
Personal vs. Social Identity
Optimal Distinctiveness Theory
Need for affiliation
Need for intimacy
Need for power
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FROM PERSONAL IDENTITY
TO SOCIAL IDENTITY
Social Identity TheorySimply states that a person will always favorthe group he or she belongs to as opposed to
other groups
based on 2 cognitive processes:
Social categorization
Social identification
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Categorization (Stereotypes) - a socially
shared set of cognitive generalizations
about characteristics of the typical
member of a particular group or social
category
Self-stereotyping
Social Identification - Involves the bonding
with and taking on the identity of the group
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Evaluating the Self in the
Group
Collective Self-Esteem
Identity and self-worth is tied to the
group
A persons self-concept that is basedon their relationships with other and
membership in social groups
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Protecting the Collective Self
In-group Out-group Bias
exaggerating the differences between groups - extolling the
virtue of their groups and antagonizing other groups
Basking in Reflected Glory (BIRG)
stressing association with successful groups.
Social Creativity
People restrict comparisons to areas where the group is
strong and avoid areas where the group is weak
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Protecting the Personal Self
Stereotype Threat
Individuals will refuse to become connected and be
seen as a stereotype of the group stereotype threat
Individual Mobility
Individuals try to reduce connection to the group to
minimize stereotype threat