GROUP DISCUSSION:GROUP DISCUSSION:FRENCH AND INDIAN WARFRENCH AND INDIAN WAR

GROUP DISCUSSION:GROUP DISCUSSION:COLONIAL TROUBLES COLONIAL TROUBLES WITH NATIVESWITH NATIVES

GROUP DISCUSSION:GROUP DISCUSSION:AMERICAN REVOLUTION: AMERICAN REVOLUTION: AMERICAN AMERICAN DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES

GROUP DISCUSSION:GROUP DISCUSSION:ARTICLES OF ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATIONCONFEDERATION

GROUP DISCUSSION:GROUP DISCUSSION:ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CONSTITUTIONCONSTITUTION

Chapter 10: Launching the Chapter 10: Launching the New Ship of StateNew Ship of State

Election of Election of 17891789 Electors cast two Electors cast two

votes for Presidentvotes for President Each elector selected Each elector selected

Washington w/ at Washington w/ at least oneleast one

NC and RI hadn’t NC and RI hadn’t ratified the ratified the ConstitutionConstitution

NY had problems NY had problems deciding how electors deciding how electors would be chosenwould be chosen

What “new thing” did What “new thing” did Washington create as Washington create as

President?President?

Executive Branch (1789-Executive Branch (1789-1796)1796)The CabinetThe Cabinet

Jo h n A da m sV ice -P res ide n t

T h om as Je ffe rsonS e cre ta ry o f S ta te

A lexan de r H am iltonS e cre ta ry o f th e T re a su ry

H e nry K n oxS e cre ta ry o f W ar

G e org e W a sh ing tonP res ide n t

• Cabinet not outlined in the Constitution – a “Washington Invention”

• John Jay named 1st Chief Justice of the five member Supreme Court

Judiciary Act (1789) Judiciary Act (1789) organizes the Supreme organizes the Supreme CourtCourt

9 Supreme Court Justices9 Supreme Court Justices

Congress at work…Congress at work…

James Madison sought to James Madison sought to protect the Constitutionprotect the Constitution The FederalistThe Federalist

What he develops becomes known as What he develops becomes known as the Bill of Rights (he is the “father of”)the Bill of Rights (he is the “father of”)

Why Bill of Rights?Why Bill of Rights?

All thirteen states had to ratify the All thirteen states had to ratify the ConstitutionConstitution

Nine states needed to “reset” the Nine states needed to “reset” the country, canceling out the Articles country, canceling out the Articles of Confederationof Confederation

Conservative document that Conservative document that prevented the “mob” from prevented the “mob” from controlling government controlling government

Was a surprise to the publicWas a surprise to the public

Anti-Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists vs. FederalistsFederalists

Anti-FederalistsAnti-Federalists States’ rightsStates’ rights Backcountry Backcountry

dwellersdwellers Small farmersSmall farmers DebtorsDebtors S. Adams, P. S. Adams, P.

Henry, Richard Henry, Richard Henry LeeHenry Lee

FederalistsFederalists Strong federal gov.Strong federal gov. Seaboard dwellersSeaboard dwellers Wealthy and better Wealthy and better

educatededucated Controlled the Controlled the

press (press (The The Federalist PapersFederalist Papers))

G. Washington, B. G. Washington, B. Franklin, Franklin, MadisonMadison, , HamiltonHamilton, , JayJay

Whiskey Rebellion (1794)Whiskey Rebellion (1794)

PA farmers not happy with tariffPA farmers not happy with tariff Launch an “insurrection”Launch an “insurrection” Washington personally leads militia Washington personally leads militia

into PA to restore order (direct into PA to restore order (direct opposite of Shay’s Rebellion)opposite of Shay’s Rebellion)

Represents peaceful dialogue over Represents peaceful dialogue over violence in order to change policyviolence in order to change policy

New respect for government, a brutal display of force.

Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton

Federalist Federalist Arch rival: JeffersonArch rival: Jefferson ““Father of the National Father of the National

Debt”Debt” Debt was a “national Debt was a “national

blessing” blessing” Bank of the United StatesBank of the United States

Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton

Favor the wealthy!Favor the wealthy! Make them indebted to the Make them indebted to the

federal government!federal government! Take state debt of 21.5 Take state debt of 21.5

millionmillion The more people the federal The more people the federal

government owes, the more government owes, the more people invested in the people invested in the government working!government working!

Virginia…geesh!Virginia…geesh!

National Debt structureNational Debt structure

Debt owed to ForeignersDebt owed to Foreigners

$11,710,000$11,710,000Federal DebtFederal Debt

$42,414,000$42,414,000State DebtState Debt

$21,500,000$21,500,000

Miscellaneous Revenue

Customs Duties (tariffs)

Excise Revenue (Whiskey, etc.)

The Debate Begins!The Debate Begins!Is the B.U.S. Constitutional?Is the B.U.S. Constitutional?

HamiltonHamilton YES!YES! ““loose interpretation”loose interpretation” What the constitution What the constitution

does not forbid, it does not forbid, it permitspermits

““elastic clause” = elastic clause” = necessary and proper necessary and proper clauseclause

We have to collect We have to collect taxestaxes

JeffersonJefferson NO!NO! ““strict strict

constructionism”constructionism” Amendment X , Amendment X ,

reserved powers for reserved powers for the statesthe states

What caused parties to What caused parties to form?form?

Political RivalriesPolitical RivalriesDemocrat-Democrat-

RepublicansRepublicans States rights (local)States rights (local) Strict construction Strict construction

viewview Agriculture basedAgriculture based Rule of the peopleRule of the people Backed Backed FranceFrance Support in S and WSupport in S and W Jefferson and Madison Jefferson and Madison

key supporterskey supporters

FederalistsFederalists Federal rightsFederal rights Loose construction viewLoose construction view Industrial based Industrial based Avoid “mob” rule / elitesAvoid “mob” rule / elites Backed Backed EnglandEngland Support in NESupport in NE J. Adams and Hamilton J. Adams and Hamilton

key supporterskey supporters

Jay’s Treaty 1794Jay’s Treaty 1794

Is John Jay a traitor?Is John Jay a traitor? GB impressmentGB impressment US agrees to pay for F + I WarUS agrees to pay for F + I War GB agrees to pay for impressment GB agrees to pay for impressment

& damage& damage North = getting $ from GBNorth = getting $ from GB South = paying for the war debtSouth = paying for the war debt

Pinckney’s Treaty 1795 Pinckney’s Treaty 1795 w/Spainw/Spain

Spain fears Spain fears US-GB US-GB alliancealliance

Gives US Gives US access to access to Mississippi Mississippi RiverRiver

Washington’s Farewell Washington’s Farewell AddressAddress

Beware of entangling alliances…

…because they will get us involved in other

people’s wars.

Rating the PresidentsRating the Presidents

More notable American More notable American rather than Presidentrather than President

Extremely popular at Extremely popular at the timethe time

Sets the bar for what a Sets the bar for what a Pres. doesPres. does

Foreign policy of Foreign policy of neutralityneutrality

Prevents a “backslide” Prevents a “backslide” of revolutionary idealsof revolutionary ideals

Election of Election of 17961796

President and V.P. President and V.P. come from different come from different parties for 1parties for 1stst time time

MD split the vote MD split the vote between the twobetween the two

Other candidates vote Other candidates vote count not depictedcount not depicted

President John AdamsPresident John Adams

Jay’s Treaty with England Jay’s Treaty with England angers D-R and France.angers D-R and France.

France reacts by seizing American France reacts by seizing American vessels at sea (300 by 1797)vessels at sea (300 by 1797)

Quasi-War w/ France (1798-Quasi-War w/ France (1798-1800)1800)

John Marshall is sent to France to John Marshall is sent to France to negotiate w/ Talleyrandnegotiate w/ Talleyrand

Quasi-War brought to you Quasi-War brought to you by the letters X, Y, and Zby the letters X, Y, and Z

They ask for a $250,000 bribe just to They ask for a $250,000 bribe just to talk to Talleyrandtalk to Talleyrand

Marshall refuses and returns to Marshall refuses and returns to AmericaAmerica

““Millions for defense, but not one cent Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute”for tribute”

Adams avoids war by appealing to new Adams avoids war by appealing to new French ruler NapoleonFrench ruler Napoleon

Good move….we will later buy the Good move….we will later buy the Louisiana Purchase from FranceLouisiana Purchase from France

Alien and Sedition ActsAlien and Sedition Acts

Federalists during war fervor pass laws Federalists during war fervor pass laws to silence the opposition (D-R)to silence the opposition (D-R) Poor people/immigrants tend to be D-RPoor people/immigrants tend to be D-R

Alien ActAlien Act Naturalization from 5 to 14 yrsNaturalization from 5 to 14 yrs President can jail or deport in time of warPresident can jail or deport in time of war

Sedition ActSedition Act Impeding policies of the government = jailImpeding policies of the government = jail Attacking officials in press = jail and fineAttacking officials in press = jail and fine

Virginia and Kentucky Virginia and Kentucky ResolutionsResolutions

Reaction to the Alien and Sedition Reaction to the Alien and Sedition ActsActs

Jefferson writes for KentuckyJefferson writes for Kentucky Madison writes for VirginiaMadison writes for Virginia Develops the idea of “nullification”Develops the idea of “nullification”

It infringes on rightsIt infringes on rights If the federal gov. violates a contract, If the federal gov. violates a contract,

the states can refuse to accept the the states can refuse to accept the lawlaw

Rating the PresidentsRating the Presidents

More notable American More notable American rather than Presidentrather than President

Doesn’t get caught up in Doesn’t get caught up in war fever and does what war fever and does what was best for the countrywas best for the country

Splits his party and Splits his party and loses in close election to loses in close election to JeffersonJefferson

Political RivalriesPolitical RivalriesDemocrat-RepublicansDemocrat-Republicans States rights (local)States rights (local) Strict construction viewStrict construction view Agriculture basedAgriculture based Rule of the peopleRule of the people Backed Backed FranceFrance Support in S and WSupport in S and W Decrease debtDecrease debt 11stst Amendment YEA! Amendment YEA! State banksState banks

FederalistsFederalists Federal rightsFederal rights Loose construction viewLoose construction view Pro businessPro business Avoid “mob” rule / elitesAvoid “mob” rule / elites Backed Backed EnglandEngland Support in NESupport in NE TariffsTariffs Restrict 1Restrict 1stst Amendment Amendment Increase debtIncrease debt BUSBUS