ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURES

Group 9Syed Waqas

Col Tahir Mahmood

Aurangzeb Marwat

Subhani Minahs

Sheraz Tufail

Favad Qaiser

Why to Have a Structure?

All businesses have to organise based upon their working.

A clear structure makes it easier to see which part of the business does what

Helps to make analysis and Optimization of a particular task or department

Some Key Terms

Flat or tall structure Span of control Chain of command Hierarchy Delegation of resources Empowerment

Ways to Structure a Business Many ways in which a company can be structured

(no hard and fast rule)

depends on the business type, size and structure used

Some of the common Business structures are

By function By product or activity By area By Matrix By customer By process

Functional Structure

Chief Executive

Accounts HR IT operations Production Planning

arranging the business according to what each section or department does

Functional Structure

Advantages Specialisation – each department focuses on its own

work Accountability -someone is responsible for the section Clarity – know your and others’ rolesDisadvantages Closed communication could lead to lack of focus Departments can become resistant to change Coordination may take too long Gap between top and bottom

An Example of Organisation by Product/Activity

Hewlett Packard

Imaging and Printing Group

Personal system Group

Enterprise System Group

HP Services HP financial Services

Organisation by Product/Activity

Advantages Clear focus on market segment helps meet customers’

needs Positive competition between divisions Better control as each division can act as separate profit

centre

Disadvantages Duplication of functions (e.g. different sales force for each

division) Negative effects of competition Lack of central control over each separate division

HP world wide

Americas Houston, Texas

Europe, Middle East, Africa

Geneva, Switzerland

Asia Pacific Hong Kong

Organisation by Area

Organisation by Area

Advantages Serve local needs better Positive competition More effective communication between firm and local

customers

Disadvantages Conflict between local and central management Duplication of resources and functions

emerged in the 1970’s as an effort to restructure inefficient organizational structures to support the more efficient project-based management

Organisation by Matrix

Other Organisational Structures

By Customer:

Similar effects to structuring by product

By Process:

Similar to structuring by function

Layout Diagram -Datacenter

Typical Data Centre Structure

In charge

OS Admin Facility manager

Security manager

Customer Service

manager

Database manager

Application manager

Marketing manager

Organisational Issues in a Data Centre Environment

Data Centre Hierarchy poses latency, while most of the operations require complete independence of operations

Super specialization of own areas vs. Generalization of fields poses major organizational issues

Bigger data centres have matrix organizational structure reducing unity of command

Customer service issues (latency of response) in a typical hierarchical data centre organization

Steps for Data Centre

Analyzing Market research Planning Choosing the right model/equipment among

the available. Choosing the right place. Getting soil tests and other pre requisites for

the selected site.

Steps of Feasisbility

Questions