Group 6Group 6

Dr. MujuruDr. Mujuru

Mr. Bob Bishop Mr. Bob Bishop

Amanda LilleyAmanda Lilley

Epidemiology and Physiology of the Heart

in Type 2 Diabetes

Physiology and Anatomy Physiology and Anatomy of the Heartof the Heart

Blood returning to the body is Blood returning to the body is sent to the right side of the heart sent to the right side of the heart and then to the lungs to pick up and then to the lungs to pick up oxygen an release carbon oxygen an release carbon dioxide. Finally the blood dioxide. Finally the blood containing the oxygen is sent to containing the oxygen is sent to the left side of the heart and then the left side of the heart and then spread to the rest of the body.spread to the rest of the body.

Exercise ExperimentsExercise Experiments

Exercise BikeExercise BikeHeat Exposure Experiment Heat Exposure Experiment Cold Exposure ExperimentCold Exposure ExperimentPlethysmograph Experiment (A very Plethysmograph Experiment (A very complicated device that you stick on complicated device that you stick on the end of your finger and it measures the end of your finger and it measures the blood flow that goes through the the blood flow that goes through the body.)body.)

Exercise Bike and ECGExercise Bike and ECG

First, we put ECG pads on our First, we put ECG pads on our wrist and ankles and then wrist and ankles and then hooked the wires onto them.hooked the wires onto them.

Then, we had five different trials Then, we had five different trials that we performed. 1.Resting that we performed. 1.Resting 2.Warm-up 3.Exercise 4. Cool-2.Warm-up 3.Exercise 4. Cool-down 5.Restingdown 5.Resting

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Bike Heart Rate

Cold Exposure Cold Exposure ExperimentExperiment

We then tested if ice packs would We then tested if ice packs would slow down our pulse. We put the slow down our pulse. We put the ECG equipment back on and put ECG equipment back on and put the plethysmograph on our finger.the plethysmograph on our finger.

We started at room temperature, We started at room temperature, then put the ice pack on, and then put the ice pack on, and finally a recovery time, each finally a recovery time, each lasting two minutes.lasting two minutes.

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Cold Experiment Graph

Heat Exposure Heat Exposure ExperimentExperiment

For this experiment, we heated up the For this experiment, we heated up the heating pad while we had to put on the heating pad while we had to put on the ECG equipment again. We looked to ECG equipment again. We looked to see if heat would raise are heart rate.see if heat would raise are heart rate.

We started at room temperature, then We started at room temperature, then put the heating pad on the opposite put the heating pad on the opposite arm than the cold pack, and finally arm than the cold pack, and finally having a recovery time, each lasting having a recovery time, each lasting two minutes.two minutes.

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Heat Experiment Graph

Analysis and ResultsAnalysis and ResultsWhen we did the bike experiment, we When we did the bike experiment, we found that the faster we peddled, the found that the faster we peddled, the faster our pulse was, and when we faster our pulse was, and when we peddled slow or not at all, our pulse peddled slow or not at all, our pulse slowed and stay consistent.slowed and stay consistent.

When we tested how temperature When we tested how temperature effected blood flow, we found that effected blood flow, we found that applied heat will increase blood flow. applied heat will increase blood flow. Also, we found that applied cold packs Also, we found that applied cold packs will decrease blow flow.will decrease blow flow.

Competition ActivitiesCompetition Activities

In this activity, we broke up into In this activity, we broke up into two groups, Group A and the two groups, Group A and the Blue Barracudas, and our Blue Barracudas, and our teachers gave us questions to teachers gave us questions to answer in a certain amount of answer in a certain amount of time. The winning team would time. The winning team would receive a prize.receive a prize.

What factors can effect What factors can effect blood pressure and heart blood pressure and heart

rate?rate? StressStressDiet/what you eatDiet/what you eatTemperaturesTemperaturesWeightWeightDiabetesDiabetesIntensity of exerciseIntensity of exerciseSmokingSmokingDrinkingDrinkingDrugsDrugsHeightHeight

What are uses of a What are uses of a pedometer and the pedometer and the

advantages of walking?advantages of walking?Uses of a pedometerUses of a pedometer

Count stepsCount stepsConduct experimentsConduct experimentsTrack milesTrack milesTell timeTell timeCounts caloriesCounts calories

Advantages of walkingAdvantages of walkingHealthier lifestyleHealthier lifestyleLose weightLose weightEmotional releaseEmotional releasePhysical releasePhysical releaseStress relieverStress relieverCuts down pollutionCuts down pollutionTakes you placesTakes you placesStrengthens the Strengthens the cardiovascular systemcardiovascular systemBetter lung capacityBetter lung capacityBuilds muscleBuilds muscleCuts down use of natural Cuts down use of natural resourcesresources

What does ECG mean, What does ECG mean, When do you use it, & Why When do you use it, & Why

is it used?is it used?ECG means electrocardiogram.ECG means electrocardiogram.

You would use an ECG to You would use an ECG to monitor a patient's heart rate monitor a patient's heart rate and electrical activity.and electrical activity.

It is used to tell if a patient is It is used to tell if a patient is having a heart attack or a heart having a heart attack or a heart murmur.murmur.

What factors lead to CVD’s and What factors lead to CVD’s and What is the relationship What is the relationship

between diabetes and CVD’s?between diabetes and CVD’s?GenderGenderAgeAgeHeredityHereditySmokingSmokingInsulin ResistanceInsulin ResistanceObesityObesityElevated PulseElevated PulseHigh Blood PressureHigh Blood PressurePhysical InactivityPhysical InactivityDepressionDepressionStressStress

Diabetes is the build Diabetes is the build up of sugar. If you up of sugar. If you work your work your cardiovascular cardiovascular system it burns off system it burns off the excess sugar and the excess sugar and works your works your cardiovascular cardiovascular system. Leaving system. Leaving susceptible to both susceptible to both cardiovascular cardiovascular disease and diabetes.disease and diabetes.

What environmental factors What environmental factors put stress on the heart and put stress on the heart and

How can you protect yourself?How can you protect yourself?Extreme HeatExtreme Heat

The heat can make The heat can make your heart beat faster your heart beat faster putting strain on your putting strain on your heart.heart.

You can protect You can protect yourself by staying out yourself by staying out of the heat and of the heat and drinking a lot of drinking a lot of water. Wear cool water. Wear cool clothing when in the clothing when in the heat will help.heat will help.

Extreme ColdExtreme Cold

When it is cold will When it is cold will slow the heart causing slow the heart causing less blood flow which less blood flow which oxygen will not get to oxygen will not get to the rest of your body. the rest of your body.

You can protect You can protect yourself by covering yourself by covering exposed body parts exposed body parts and wear clothes in and wear clothes in layers.layers.

Case Study of Heart Case Study of Heart Attack VictimAttack Victim

A 50-year-old 210-pound white male insurance agent whose height is A 50-year-old 210-pound white male insurance agent whose height is 5’9” was preparing for a summer weekend barbecue. 5’9” was preparing for a summer weekend barbecue. He was about half way through mowing the lawn when he experienced He was about half way through mowing the lawn when he experienced some mild chest pain. He assumed that it was just heartburn since he some mild chest pain. He assumed that it was just heartburn since he had rushed through his usual breakfast of bacon, eggs and biscuits. had rushed through his usual breakfast of bacon, eggs and biscuits. After going inside and resting on the couch, he felt much better and After going inside and resting on the couch, he felt much better and decided to watch a baseball game on television. decided to watch a baseball game on television. He had polished off 2 beers and most of a pack of cigarettes before the He had polished off 2 beers and most of a pack of cigarettes before the guests started arriving. guests started arriving. His mother and sister arrived as well as his older brother who bored His mother and sister arrived as well as his older brother who bored everybody with the details of his recent angioplasty procedure. His everybody with the details of his recent angioplasty procedure. His father died of a heart attack at the age of 55. father died of a heart attack at the age of 55. After an afternoon of fun and plenty of steak and beer, his chest pain After an afternoon of fun and plenty of steak and beer, his chest pain returned. This time the pain was more severe and radiated to his left returned. This time the pain was more severe and radiated to his left arm and neck. He became very anxious so his wife rushed him to the arm and neck. He became very anxious so his wife rushed him to the emergency room.emergency room.A physician ordered blood drawn for tests and administered a A physician ordered blood drawn for tests and administered a vasodilator. vasodilator. His blood pressure was 125/80 and his heart rate was 60 beats/minute His blood pressure was 125/80 and his heart rate was 60 beats/minute and regular. His chest pain was subsiding. An ECG showed ST segment and regular. His chest pain was subsiding. An ECG showed ST segment elevation that was then absent on a second ECG repeated later in the elevation that was then absent on a second ECG repeated later in the day. A coronary arteriogram revealed 60% obstruction of his right day. A coronary arteriogram revealed 60% obstruction of his right coronary artery and 80% obstruction of a small branch of his left coronary artery and 80% obstruction of a small branch of his left coronary artery.coronary artery.

Modifiable Risk FactorsModifiable Risk Factors

Alcohol and drinking it after being in the sun.Alcohol and drinking it after being in the sun.

Drinking habits.Drinking habits.

Smoking habits. Smoking habits.

Diet. Diet.

Weight.Weight.

Exercise.Exercise.

Stress Level.Stress Level.

JobJob..

Non-Modifiable Risk Non-Modifiable Risk FactorsFactors

AgeAge

HeightHeight

GenderGender

Family Medical HistoryFamily Medical History

SymptomsSymptoms

Mild chest pains. Mild chest pains.

Severe pain that ran from the left Severe pain that ran from the left arm and neck.arm and neck.

Anxiousness.Anxiousness.

The pain would subside after rest.The pain would subside after rest.

Diagnosis Diagnosis

Mild Heart AttackMild Heart Attack

TreatmentTreatment

HospitalizationHospitalization

Change dietChange diet

Eliminate alcohol and tobaccoEliminate alcohol and tobacco

RelaxationRelaxation

PrognosisPrognosisHe still has a high risk of getting He still has a high risk of getting a Cardiovascular Disease.a Cardiovascular Disease.He could have another heart He could have another heart attack; however, with the attack; however, with the change of his diet, smoking and change of his diet, smoking and drinking, and exercising habits drinking, and exercising habits he could survive and live a he could survive and live a longer life.longer life.

Other ActivitiesOther ActivitiesCadaver LabCadaver Lab

Ethics - Wacko Schmidt & WhineEthics - Wacko Schmidt & Whine

Summary of Camp outside of ClassesSummary of Camp outside of Classes

Cadaver LabCadaver LabOn Wednesday, we got to experience On Wednesday, we got to experience WVU’s cadaver lab. Basically, a lab WVU’s cadaver lab. Basically, a lab full of dead bodies. However, it full of dead bodies. However, it wasn’t as gross as it sounds. Actually, wasn’t as gross as it sounds. Actually, it was really interesting. We it was really interesting. We privileged enough to hold a heart and privileged enough to hold a heart and a lung. We found out that the cadaver a lung. We found out that the cadaver lab was a great way to learn, hands-lab was a great way to learn, hands-on, about the anatomy of a human.on, about the anatomy of a human.

Ethics of Wacko Schmidt & Ethics of Wacko Schmidt & WhineWhine

Wacko Schmidt & Whine had a very Wacko Schmidt & Whine had a very different approach to learning. It was different approach to learning. It was exciting, but Cathy and Jenny may have exciting, but Cathy and Jenny may have played their roles a little to well. They played their roles a little to well. They really made us feel as if they were in a real really made us feel as if they were in a real clinic trial gone bad. They did everything clinic trial gone bad. They did everything opposite of how a real case study should go opposite of how a real case study should go just to teach us how to be careful when it just to teach us how to be careful when it comes to new drugs and case studies. I comes to new drugs and case studies. I have to say I don’t ever want to be put in have to say I don’t ever want to be put in the position Cathy and Jenny put us in the position Cathy and Jenny put us in again.again.

Summary of Activities Summary of Activities outside of Classesoutside of Classes

Other than labs and classes, camp all around Other than labs and classes, camp all around was fun. Meeting new people, being put in a was fun. Meeting new people, being put in a college atmosphere, and sleeping in dorms college atmosphere, and sleeping in dorms was all an different experience. Although all was all an different experience. Although all of that is nice we got to enjoy some fun of that is nice we got to enjoy some fun things too. We were allowed to go to the rec. things too. We were allowed to go to the rec. center were we could swim, play basketball, center were we could swim, play basketball, ping pong, or just hang out with your friends. ping pong, or just hang out with your friends. Another afternoon activity was game and Another afternoon activity was game and movie night were some would watch movies movie night were some would watch movies and some would play games. A lot of the fun and some would play games. A lot of the fun though was just when we had are own free though was just when we had are own free time. When we could just sit and hang with time. When we could just sit and hang with everybody and really get to know them. everybody and really get to know them.