Groundwater response to stream stage fluctuations in a regulated stream, New Martinsville, WV Madan...
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![Page 1: Groundwater response to stream stage fluctuations in a regulated stream, New Martinsville, WV Madan Maharjan Joe Donovan West Virginia University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/5697bfd61a28abf838cadb49/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Groundwater response to stream stage fluctuations
in a regulated stream, New Martinsville, WV
Madan MaharjanJoe Donovan
West Virginia University
![Page 2: Groundwater response to stream stage fluctuations in a regulated stream, New Martinsville, WV Madan Maharjan Joe Donovan West Virginia University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/5697bfd61a28abf838cadb49/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Research interest
• Regulated streams are also transportation corridors for rail as well as industrial areas and tend to be sites of groundwater contamination, including some public water supplies.
• If the management of dams alters or controls groundwater flow here, then we may benefit from understanding how these controls work.
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Background
a
b
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Purpose• To develop an analytical model that explains spatial and
temporal aspects of surface-and groundwater interaction during an annual cycle of stream stage fluctuation;
• To estimate induced infiltration rate and bank storage using this model; and
• To distinguish vertical (i.e. recharge) from lateral (i.e. induced infiltration) stress.
![Page 5: Groundwater response to stream stage fluctuations in a regulated stream, New Martinsville, WV Madan Maharjan Joe Donovan West Virginia University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/5697bfd61a28abf838cadb49/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Hypothesis• Lateral (stream-induced) stress is more prominent
than vertical stress (recharge) during high flow periods and vice-versa in low flow periods.
• A convolution-integral method was written in MATLAB to simulate aquifer heads in response to stream stage fluctuations (Hall and Moench, 1972).
Approach
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![Page 7: Groundwater response to stream stage fluctuations in a regulated stream, New Martinsville, WV Madan Maharjan Joe Donovan West Virginia University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/5697bfd61a28abf838cadb49/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Geology & A Conceptual Model
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Assumptions
• Aquifer has a negligible head gradient towards a pumping well;
• Stream stage fluctuation was the main and only source of
aquifer head fluctuation;
• End of the baseflow recession was at steady state condition;
• Recharge from precipitation was uniformly distributed.
![Page 9: Groundwater response to stream stage fluctuations in a regulated stream, New Martinsville, WV Madan Maharjan Joe Donovan West Virginia University.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033101/5697bfd61a28abf838cadb49/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
River stage and well heads across the dam
Negative correlation
High flow period Low flow period
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Vertical and lateral infiltration
Observed and modeled well heads across dam
Vertical infiltration
Vertical infiltration and lateral groundwater flow from upper pool
Lateral infiltration only
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Observed and modeled well heads in the lower pool
50 cm
20 cm
182.15m
181.7m
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Bank storage and seepage rate in the upper pool
Outflow from aquifer
Inflow into aquifer
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Bank storage and seepage rate in the lower pool
Storms
High flow period
Low flow period
Inflow period
Outflow period
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Limitation of the model
• Estimated values could differ significantly from the actual values, in settings where
• significant regional gradient and/or aquifer heterogeneity are present; and
• the stream partially penetrates the aquifer.
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Conclusions1. Stream stage fluctuations exerted greater control over
groundwater levels than recharge especially during high flow periods;
2. Anthropogenic activities could change groundwater flow paths and velocity; and
3. This method could be a useful tool identifying potential threats to water quality and planning future well field expansion or management.
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Thank youQuestions
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Method
(1)
h(x,t)= ΔH* erfc ( (2)
h(x,t)= (3)
V= (4)
v= V*n (5)
Q= (6)
H=Stream stageh= Aquifer headD= Aquifer diffusivityErfc=Complimentary error functionV=Unit-width saturated aquifer volumev=Bank storage Q=Seepage rate
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River Stage Across Hannibal Locks and Dam
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Glen Dale PWS