Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact...
Transcript of Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact...
![Page 1: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact
Perry Jones
U.S. Geological Survey
![Page 2: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Presentation Outline
What is groundwater?
How does groundwater interact with lakes and wetlands?
How do you measure/assess groundwater/surface-
water interactions?
![Page 3: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Groundwater
Groundwater - water below the land surface totally filling openings in underground
rocks and sediments
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/ofr93-643/
From U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-643
Recharge - water that seeps from the land surface down to the groundwater
Water table - top of groundwater
"Groundwater moves along flow paths of varying lengths in transmitting
water from areas of recharge to areas of discharge“ USGS Circular 1139
![Page 4: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Groundwater/Surface-Water Interactions
Exchange of water and its components between aquifers and other
groundwater systems and surface-water bodies
Areal Photography, White Bear Lake
April 1, 2006
Aquifer - underground rocks and sediments containing groundwater for
water supplies
Mahtomedi Public Beach
![Page 5: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Groundwater Discharge to Ditches
![Page 6: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Groundwater/Lakes/Wetlands Interactions
Lakes and wetlands can
A) receive groundwater inflow
B) lose water to groundwater
C) both
http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1139/
From USGS Circular 1139
![Page 7: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
General Water Balance - Closed Basin Lake
Precipitation
Evaporation
Plant
Transpiration
Well
![Page 8: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Factors controlling the amount and location of
groundwater interacts with lakes and wetlands
Physical and hydraulic characteristics of lake sediments
and aquifer material
Groundwater and surface-water levels
Characteristics of lakes and wetlands
![Page 9: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Topographic settings – upland, hillslope, and lowland
Closed versus open basins
Characteristics of lakes and wetlands
Watershed area
Geologic settings – presence of bedrock valleys,
fractures
Regulated water levels/flows
![Page 10: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What could cause changes groundwater
interacts with lakes and wetlands?
2) Water use
Changes in:
3) Water diversions
1) Climate
![Page 11: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Factors To Consider In Tools/Techniques Selection
Study objective – location, flow direction, or flux
Scale of interest
Hydrologic/water-quality setting
Groundwater/Surface-Water Interactions
3000!
0.2
![Page 12: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Editors:
Don Rosenberry
and Jim LaBaugh
http://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/04d02/
![Page 13: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Examples of Tools/Techniques
Identifying locations of exchange/flow directions
Portable piezometers
(hydraulic potentiomanometers)
Thermal signatures
Major constituents
Stable isotopes
Seepage meters
Water-borne geophysical surveys
Measuring/Calculating Flux
Wells
Baseflow discharge measurements
Groundwater-flow modeling
![Page 14: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Potentiometric Surface
for Quaternary (Glacial)
Water-table Aquifer
March 2011
12 wells and 66 lakes
Contribution Area to Lake – Glacial Aquifers
Well – water level measurement
Direction of Groundwater Inflow
Direction of Lake Water Outflow
Potentiometric Contour
Water-table aquifer
Buried aquifer
Groundwater Synoptic Water Levels
Mahtomedi Public Beach
![Page 15: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Site 1
Well/Piezometers
- Well
- Shallow
Piezometer
- Deep
Piezometer
N
40
231
338
319
65
- Specific
Conductivity
(µS/cm2) in
Lake and Well
Waters - 6/ 1998
Wells Surveys - Water level differences and quality
![Page 16: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Portable Piezometer Surveys - Water level differences and quality
Rosenberry and LaBaugh, 2008
![Page 17: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
July – September, 2011
Water Temperatures in Nearshore Lake Sediments
16 - 18 °
14 -16 °
12 -14 °
18 - 20 °
20 - 22 °
22 - 24 °
24 - 26 °
26 - 28 °
28 - 30 °
Cooler Temperatures –
Groundwater Inflow
(springs)
Collected Water Samples
![Page 18: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
USGS “Air USGS “Air
Force”Force”
![Page 19: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Water-quality survey - Ecomapper
July 11-14, 2011 White Bear Lake
![Page 21: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Nearshore Seepage Meter Surveys – August 2011
Average Flux (cm/day)
Outflow – less than 0.15
3.0
28
7.0
20
3.2
6.9
27
3.0
Small Inflow (0.02 – 1.1)
High Inflow (3.0 – 28)
Rosenberry and LaBaugh, 2008
![Page 22: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Stable Isotopes – Lake Hydrology
Isotopes – “heavy” and “light” forms of the same chemical
element, i.e. hydrogen, oxygen
Hydrology
Use isotopic ratios to
identify sources and mixtures of waters
Compare
“Light/Heavy” Hydrogen ratio vs “Light/Heavy” Oxygen ratio
Snow, rain, lake water, and well water samples
What are stable isotopes?
![Page 23: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Stable Isotopes – White Bear Lake
Snow, Rain, and Lake Water Lake Water
![Page 24: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Wells Sampled for
Stable Isotope Analysis
2011 – 2012
Aquifers
- Glacial (GLA)
- St. Peter Sandstone (STP)
Prairie du Chien Group /
Jordan Sandstone (PDCJ)
N
- August – November 2011
- May 2012
- Both sampling periods
0
0
1 mile
1 kilometer
![Page 25: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Groundwater sampled from wells and surface waters sampled from White Bear Lake
100% Groundwater
100%
Lake
water
![Page 26: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Groundwater sampled from wells and surface waters sampled from White Bear Lake
100% Groundwater
100%
Lake
water
Prairie du Chien/Jordan Aquifer (May 2012)
![Page 27: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Groundwater sampled from wells and surface waters sampled from White Bear Lake
100% Groundwater
100%
Lake
water
Prairie du Chien/Jordan Aquifer (May 2012)
Prairie du Chien/Jordan Aquifer (August 2012)
![Page 28: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Stable Isotope Model
2011 - Wells
Percentage of Contribution
N
St. Peter Sandstone
Glacial
Groundwater Lake water
General Groundwater Flow Direction – PDCJ
August 2011
Prairie du Chien Group /
Jordan Sandstone (PDCJ)
![Page 29: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
General Hydrogeology – White Bear Lake
1,000
1,000
800
600
400
Elevation
(feet AMSL)
Geology
White Bear Lake
Glacial
Sands/Clays/
Tills
St. Peter S.S
Prairie du Chien
Group
Jordan Sandstone
St. Lawrence
Formation
West East
Well
Mixture of
Groundwater/Lake
Water
(modified from Mossler and Bloomgren, 1990)
920’ 925’ 925’
912’
910’ 908’
![Page 30: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
White Bear Lake – Line 22
Structure Slumped
Sediments
“Trapped” Gases in Sediments
Continuous-seismic-reflection profiling
![Page 31: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
From Jeff Green, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
Rochester
![Page 32: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Nitrogen Losses and Groundwater Movement in the vicinity of
Decorah Edge Wetlands
Decorah edge wetlands
St. Peter Sandstone
Glenwood Shale
Platteville Limestone
Decorah Shale
Cummingsville
Limestone/Shale
Groundwater
high nitrate conc.
Groundwater
low nitrate conc.
Groundwater discharge to
wetlands/soils
Denitrification
Plant Uptake
Immobilization in soil
Microorganisms
in soils
Recharge aquifers
![Page 33: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Nitrate Concentrations (mg N·L-1) in Monitoring Points in Wetland, 2004
0 50 100 150 200
Distance along Transect from Upgradient Monitoring Point (ft)
0
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
April 13-14
May 10-11
June 14-16 0 50 100 150 200
Distance along Transect from
Upgradient Monitoring Point (ft)
0
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
August 3-11
October 18-20
N
Monitoring Points
Transect 1
Transect 2
Transect 3
Transect 4
Transect 5
Up
Up - Upgradient
Up
Up Up
Up
Down - Downgradient
Down
Down
Down
Down
Down
![Page 34: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Groundwater-Flow Modeling: Rising Water Levels - Canisteo Mine Pit
Mine Pit Water Levels – 1998 - 2013
![Page 35: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Groundwater-Flow Simulation - Canisteo Mine Pit
MODFLOW/MODPATH
simulations – Different Pit
Water Levels
- Taconite
Municipal Wells
- Bovey
- Coleraine
![Page 36: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
0 0.500.25 MILES
0 0.25 0.50 KILOMETERS
Quarry Hill Well
Olmsted Cty Wells 1 and 2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000
Discharge
(cfs)
Distance Downgradient of Highway 22 (ft)
![Page 37: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
0 0.500.25 MILES
0 0.25 0.50 KILOMETERS
Quarry Hill Well
Olmsted Cty Wells 1 and 2
-70
-65
-60
-55
-50
-45
-40
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6
Oxygen-18/oxygen-16 ratio, per mil
Deuterium/protium
ratio, per mil
Rochester Well 27
Silver Creek –
MDNR stream gage
Silver Creek - 15th Ave.
Silver Creek –11th Ave.
Meteoric Water Line
Princeton, MN
Sept.
Apr.
Oct.
Aug. July
June
May
![Page 38: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Characterizing Groundwater/Surface-water Interactions
Know your objective and the scale of the issue
Use multiple tools/techniques
Know your hydrologic setting
3000!
0.2
47 47
123
74 211
245
285 61 46
![Page 39: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Any Questions?
![Page 40: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Photos from Phi Wheeler, Terry Lee, Olmsted County
Water Quantity Issues along Decorah Edge
Damage to Existing Housing
Olmsted County Web Presentation: The Decorah Edge: A Critical Ecological System
Construction
http://www.co.olmsted.mn.us/upload_dir/admin/decorahedge.pdf
![Page 41: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Potentiometric Surface for
Prairie Du Chien/Jordan
Aquifer
March 2011
113 wells
Well – water level measurement
Potentiometric (Groundwater
Elevation) Contour
Estimated Potentiometric
Contour
N
Direction of Groundwater Flow
![Page 42: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Groundwater Level Synoptic Survey
Measure water levels in wells and lakes
a short period of time
Results
Two surveys
1) March - April (low pumping) 2) August (high pumping)
measured water levels in 238 wells and 66 lakes
Regional Groundwater Levels for Aquifers in the
White Bear Lake Area
USGS, State of Minnesota (DNR, MPCA, and BWSR), Met Council
![Page 43: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Iron Seeps forming at Mahtomedi Public Beach
Groundwater inflow to White Bear Lake
![Page 44: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Areal Photography April 1, 2006
Cool Water Sediment Temperatures and Iron Stains
![Page 45: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Conclusions on White Bear Lake
Low lake levels can be explained by higher
regional pumping and lower precipitation
Groundwater flows into the lake from glacial
sediments
Lake water flows out and reaches wells in Prairie
du Chien/Jordan and glacial aquifers
![Page 46: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/
publication/sir20135044
White Bear Lake – Groundwater/Surface Water Report
Available on the web
at
![Page 47: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
GW/SW Interactions in NE Metro Lakes
• Statistical analysis of existing hydrologic information for NE
Metro lakes – (November 2013 – November 2014)
• Stable isotope of surface-water and groundwater and
age-dates of well waters (March 2013 – December 2014)
• Assess seepage rates between White Bear Lake and lower
aquifers (November 2013 – December 2015)
water-borne geophysics
lake-sediment coring
mini- piezometers/ seepage meters
tracer tests
• Assess the impact of gw pumping on lake levels using a
groundwater flow model and optimization techniques
(January 2014 – March 2016)
![Page 48: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Groundwater sampled from wells and surface waters sampled from White Bear Lake
100% Groundwater
100%
Lake
water
Prairie du Chien/Jordan Aquifer (May 2012)
Prairie du Chien/Jordan Aquifer (August 2012)
![Page 49: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Stable Isotope Model
2011-12 - Wells
Percentage of Contribution
N Groundwater Lake water
Prairie du Chien Group /
Jordan Sandstone (PDCJ)
Direction of Groundwater Flow
Potentiometric (Groundwater
Elevation) Contour
Estimated Potentiometric
Contour
N
White Bear Lake
![Page 50: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Presence of “Sinkhole”? Mahtomedi, 1989
From: Barr and Alexander, 2012, 57th Midwest Ground Water Conference
![Page 51: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
White Bear
Lake
Lake Depth
From: MDNR, 1978
![Page 52: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
General Cross-section Showing Water Balance for a Closed
Basin Lake
Precipitation
(Rain and Snow)
GW flow
GW flow
Well Pumping
Deep GW flow
Evaporation
Transpiration
(Plants, Grass, Tree)
GW flow
Surface
Runoff
![Page 53: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
2011 Monthly Water Balance for White Bear Lake
March August
In inches
LL 1.8 -0.3
P 2.7 5.8
SR 0 1.5
GWin 2.1 1.8
E 0 4.9
Lwout - QWTA 0.1 0.1
Lwout - QBAA/Bedrock + Errors 2.9 4.4
Lake area = 2,401 acres
![Page 54: Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They …Groundwater, Lakes, and Wetlands: How They Interact Perry Jones U.S. Geological Survey Presentation Outline What is groundwater? How does](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052721/5f0ba8e67e708231d43197c4/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Water-quality survey - Ecomapper
Water temperature
July 11-14, 2011 White Bear Lake
Dissolved Oxygen
Specific Conductance
Chlorophyll
Turbidity
Blue-green Algae
pH
From: MDNR, 1978