Groundwater Governance
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Transcript of Groundwater Governance
GROUND WATER GOVERNANCE
Issues Covered
Ground Reality
Case of Punjab
Case of Gujarat
Case of Dindigul,
Tamil Nadu
Case of Jaunpur,
U.P.
Govt.Policies
Water Conservat
ion
Agenda
Lack of Institution
Tragedy of Commons
Social Capital
Health Hazards
State Policies
Transaction Costs
ISSUES COVERED
Issues Covered
Ground Reality
Case of Punjab
Case of Gujarat
Case of Dindigul,
Tamil Nadu
Case of Jaunpur,
U.P.
Govt.Policies
Water Conservat
ion
Agenda
CURRENT SITUATION
NEED OF HOUR
What are the contributing factors to the problem of Ground Water Exploitation ?
What are the Effective State Policies proposed by Government ?
How can we improve the ground water levels ?
Introduction: About ground
water
Ground Reality
Case of Punjab
Case of Gujarat
Case of Jaunpur, U.P.
Case of Dindigul, Tamil
Nadu
Govt.Policies
Water Conservation
Agenda
Indus Peneplain in Central Punjab, India :Why are we studying?
The central part of Punjab provides an example of successful “state policy approach”
Indus Peneplain in Central Punjab, India
Agricultural success
Depletion rates – 0.6-1 m/year
Drastic Increase in number of Tube Wells
Exploitation beyond the Critical level > 98%
WHY?
CONSEQUENCES
Map and cross-section of Punjab peneplain with different recharge areas and
water level trend
Indus Peneplain in Central Punjab, India :State Policy Approach
Highly successful, limited farmer resistance
Water Saving to an extent of 50-60%,
Electrical energy saving
State Govt.’s Ordinance to prohibit transplantation of
paddy rice until the onset of monsoon
Approach
Results
Incorporation into Punjab Preservation of Sub-soil
Water of 2009
Introduction: About
ground water
Ground Reality
Case of Punjab
Case of Gujarat
Case of Jaunpur,
U.P.
Case of Dindigul,
Tamil Nadu
Govt.Policies
Water Conservat
ion
Agenda
Case of Mehsana, Gujarat
Health Hazard : Fluorosis
Inefficient state policy
Issues
What needs to be done?
• Set up cooperative captive water treatment plants run by locals
• Subsidized power only for the poor farmers• Permits for setting up borewells and tubewells
Societal aspect of groundwater
Ratanpur Paldi
Hydrology Free standing commodity
Associated with sharecropping
Caste composition Negligible Stratification of castes
Water transactions Institutionalized Bilateral agreements
Sharing of benefits Small farmers Large farmers
Introduction: About
ground water
Ground Reality
Case of Gujarat
Case of Punjab
Case of Dindigul,
Tamil Nadu
Case of Jaunpur,
U.P
Govt.Policies
Cultural Value of Water
Agenda
Overcoming Groundwater Recharge Problem Dindigul District Case
Weathered crystalline
aquifer
Limited Soil infiltration capacity
Rainfall runs off the surface rather than groundwater recharge
The Issue
Population Growth
dry-season irrigated agriculture
Falling GW Levels
Drinking Water
Problem
Need of an Integrated Approach?
Introduction: About
ground water
Ground Reality
Case of Gujarat
Case of Punjab
Case of Dindigul,
Tamil Nadu
Case of Jaunpur,
U.P.
Govt.Policies
Water Conservat
ion
Agenda
Two modes of recharge – 1.Direct(infiltrating monsoon) 2.Indirect(surface water)
Aquifer system of layered sand-silt deposits in Uttar Pradesh state
Extensive system with
around 600 m thick deposits
The Issue
Two major contrasting problems
Canal leakage (rising water table)
Flood irrigation (falling water table)
water logging & salinization
IS THAT ALL ??What about Health
Hazards ?
Issues CaseMehsana,
GujaratIndus
Peneplain,Punjab
Jaunpur, U.P Dindigul, T.N.
LACK OF INSTITUTIONS TRAGEDY OF COMMONS LACK OF SOCIAL CAPITAL
STATE POLICIES
HEALTH HAZARDS TRANSACTION COSTS
Introduction: About
ground water
Ground Reality
Case of Gujarat
Case of Punjab
Case of Dindigul,
Tamil Nadu
Case of Jaunpur,
U.P.
Govt.Policies
Cultural Value of Water
Agenda
What are the Steps taken by the Government ??
Government PropositionsNational Water Policy (1987, 2002, 2012)
Enhancing Water
Availability
Incentivize efficient GW use
Encourage community based
management
Artificial recharging projects
Demand Management
Small local level irrigation through small bunds, field
ponds
Monitoring water use pattern to
check unacceptable
depletion of GW
GW Pricing
Reverse under-pricing of electricity
Separate electric feeders for GW
irrigation
National Water Policy 2012
Institutional Arrangements
Integrated Water Resources Management
(IWRM)
Centre/State Government departments need to be
restructured
Research & Training
National Water Informatics Centre
A re-training programme for water planners and
managers
An autonomous centre for research in water policy
Water needs to be managed as a community resource held, by the state to achieve food security, livelihood, and equitable and sustainable development for all
Treat water as an economic good
Rain Water Harvesting
Techniques: Pits Trenches Dug wells Hand Pumps Recharge wells
An Artificial Recharge to groundwater
Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation and storage of rainwater for reuse before it reaches the aquifer
Indian Context: Andhra Pradesh Tamil Nadu Kerala Rajasthan Maharashtra
Rainfall available
for Harvest
Total Roof area (in Sq. m)
Average rainfall of the area
Coefficient (80%)
Rain Water Harvest (RWH) Potential
RWH potential = Rainfall available for Harvest/daily water requirement
Special panchayats/Municipalities/Corporations help the citizens in implementing the system more effectively
A common Responsibility
??The Question that we face??
Will the RWH system provide for water needs throughout the year?
NO Depends on the amount of rainfall, need for household, size of tank, area of the
roof and Sufficient only for a certain period of time
WATER CONSERVATION
Introduction: About
ground water
Ground Reality
Case of Gujarat
Case of Punjab
Case of Jaunpur,
U.P.
Case of Dindigul,
Tamil Nadu
Govt. Policies
Water Conserva
tion
Agenda
Literature
Source: Thirukkural, Chapter 2 written in 2nd Century B.C.Quoted in website of Tamil Nadu Water Authority & Development Board
Source :Quoted in website of Ministry of water resources, Government of India
Explanation:If it is said to that the duties of life cannot be discharged by any person without water, so without rain there cannot be flowing of water
நீரி�ன்றுஅமை�யாதுஉலகுஎனி�ன்யார்யார்க்கும் வானி�ன்றுஅமை�யாதுஒழுக்கு
- Thiruvalluvar
Issues Proposed Solutions
LACK OF INSTITUTIONS Community based Management - (U.P., T.N.)
TRAGEDY OF COMMONS Market Mechanisms - (U.P.) Effective Resource allocation
LACK OF SOCIAL CAPITAL Create Social Awareness - (T.N.)
STATE POLICIES Ground Water Pricing – (Punjab, Gujarat) Optimized Conjunctive use- (U.P) Proactive Government Participation – (Punjab) Indirect Demand Management – (Punjab)
HEALTH HAZARDS Water treatment plants - (Punjab, Gujarat) Active research center involvement
TRANSACTION COSTS Differential Subsidies in electricity rates – (Punjab)
ReferencesBooks:Governance of water : Institutional Alternatives and Political Economy by Vishwa Ballabh
Contacts:Mr. P. Parthiban, Assistant, TWAD Board, Government of Tamil Nadu
Websites: http://cgwb.gov.in/download.html, Central Government Water Board http://wrmin.nic.in, Ministry of Water resources, Government of India http://www.twadboard.gov.in, TWAD Board, Government of Tamil Nadu http://www.indiawaterportal.org/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_water
Articles: Individual Tank based RWH system for Coastal Tamil Nadu, publication of
Architecture & Development India Water Papers from World Bank
Laws & Policies:National Watery Policy, 1987
Video:www.youtube.com
THANK YOU
GROUP C2ADITYA GOEL (16/125)
ANAND G PATIL (16/128)DIKSHA BAJAJ (16/141)
PRABHU P (16/155)VISMAY BUCH (16/179)