Groundwater Data Acquisition in Far West Texas3.0 Groundwater Data Acquisition 3.1 Well Data A...

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Groundwater Data Acquisition in Far West Texas Prepared for: Far West Texas Water Planning Group and Texas Water Development Board July 2009 LBG-GUYTON ASSOCIATES Professional Groundwater and Environmental Services 1101 S. Capital of Texas Highway, Suite B-220 Austin, Texas 78746

Transcript of Groundwater Data Acquisition in Far West Texas3.0 Groundwater Data Acquisition 3.1 Well Data A...

  • Groundwater Data Acquisition

    in Far West Texas

    Prepared for:

    Far West Texas Water Planning Group

    and

    Texas Water Development Board

    July 2009

    LBG-GUYTON ASSOCIATES Professional Groundwater and Environmental Services

    1101 S. Capital of Texas Highway, Suite B-220 Austin, Texas 78746

  • i LBG-Guyton Associates

    Table of Contents

    1.0 Executive Summary ......................................................................................................... 1-1

    2.0 Introduction...................................................................................................................... 2-1

    3.0 Groundwater Data Acquisition ........................................................................................ 3-1

    3.1 Well Data ............................................................................................................. 3-1

    3.2 Water Quality....................................................................................................... 3-1

    4.0 Aquifer Pumping Tests .................................................................................................... 4-1

    5.0 Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................................................ 5-1

    Appendix A: New Water Well Data by County Appendix B: Current Pumping Tests Appendix C: Previous Pumping Tests Appendix D: Response to TWDB Comments

    List of Tables Table 3.1 Water Quality Analyses .............................................................................................. 3-9

    Table 4.1 Wells Used in Pumping Tests..................................................................................... 4-5

    List of Figures

    Figure 3.1 Wells and Springs in TWDB Database ..................................................................... 3-2

    Figure 3.2 Brewster County New Wells Reported by Water Well Drillers................................ 3-3

    Figure 3.3 Culberson County New Wells Reported by Water Well Drillers.............................. 3-4

    Figure 3.4 Jeff Davis County New Wells Reported by Water Well Drillers.............................. 3-5

    Figure 3.5 Presidio County New Wells Reported by Water Well Drillers................................. 3-6

    Figure 3.6 Wells with Water Quality Data in TWDB Database................................................. 3-7

    Figure 3.7 Wells Sampled for Water Quality ............................................................................. 3-8

    Figure 4.1 Wells with Production Data in TWDB and TCEQ Database.................................... 4-3

    Figure 4.2 Pumping Test Locations ............................................................................................ 4-4

  • 1-1 LBG-Guyton Associates

    1.0 Executive Summary

    Far West Texas contains three Texas Water Development Board (TWDB)-designated

    major aquifers and six minor aquifers. In addition, there are a number of areas within the Region

    that have no aquifer designation but in which groundwater is the primary source of supply. The

    purpose of this project is the establishment of additional aquifer characterization data upon

    which to base further groundwater availability analyses. The acquisition of additional aquifer

    characterization data will benefit the Far West Texas Water Planning Group in better defining

    available water supplies in the region, and will also support groundwater conservation districts in

    their responsibility of managing supplies and evaluating future desired conditions.

    New hydrologic data in the form of static water level and well yields is tabulated from

    driller's reports on wells that have been drilled in recent years in Brewster, Culberson, Jeff Davis,

    and Presidio Counties. Where possible, as in Jeff Davis and Presidio Counties, well

    identification is coordinated between groundwater conservation district tracking numbers and

    Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation tracking numbers. A limited number of new

    wells and updated existing well data in eastern Hudspeth County was field measured and

    observed.

    Water samples were collected from 22 wells and springs using recognized standard

    procedures and the samples were analyzed for basic inorganic constituents. All analyses indicate

    excellent quality water with total dissolved solids ranging from 87 to 545 milligrams per liter

    (mg/l). Four aquifer pumping tests were conducted during this project with transmissivities

    ranging from 190 to 198,570 (gpd/ft) and an additional four pumping tests are included that have

    been performed in the area but are not noted in the TWDB groundwater files.

  • 2-1 LBG-Guyton Associates

    2.0 Introduction

    Far West Texas contains three TWDB-designated major aquifers and six minor aquifers.

    In addition, there are a number of areas within the Region that have no aquifer designation but in

    which groundwater is the primary source of supply. There is currently a deficiency of

    hydrologic data on file to support groundwater supply availability analysis for much of the more

    rural portions of both the designated and non-designated aquifer areas. Due to the overwhelming

    reliance on groundwater, the Far West Texas Water Planning Group strongly feels that it is

    imperative that aquifer availability analyses be significantly improved such that they can have

    more confidence in strategy recommendations involving groundwater resources.

    The purpose of this project is the establishment of an additional amount and distribution

    of aquifer characterization data upon which to base further groundwater availability analyses.

    The acquisition of additional aquifer characterization data will benefit the Far West Texas Water

    Planning Group in better defining available water supplies in the region, and will also support

    groundwater conservation districts in their responsibility of managing supplies and evaluating

    future desired conditions.

    The preliminary task in this project was to review the existing distribution of well data in

    the TWDB groundwater database and determine areas that are deficient in well data coverage,

    with emphasis in areas of current or future groundwater availability modeling efforts. In pursuing

    this task, no additional data was identified in the Rustler Aquifer as only a small part of this

    aquifer lies within this Region. Likewise, no additional data of significance was identified in the

    West Texas Bolsons Aquifer that would result in improvements to the recently completed West

    Texas Bolsons Aquifer Groundwater Availability Model.

    While the interest of this data acquisition project centered on the rural counties of Far

    West Texas, the desire to not overlap coexisting and impending projects allowed the focus to be

    narrowed to more specific rural areas. TWDB staff were contemporaneously collecting field

    data from wells completed in the Capitan Reef Aquifer in Culberson and Hudspeth Counties. By

    verbal coordination with TWDB field staff, we did not attempt to gather data for this aquifer

    other than recent driller's reports. We did offer to conduct pumping tests on Capitan Reef wells

    if the TWDB staff identified appropriate wells to test; however, no wells were identified. The

    Marathon Aquifer in Brewster County and the Edwards-Trinity (Plateau) Aquifer in Terrell

  • 2-2 LBG-Guyton Associates

    County are slated for more detailed attention in 2009 during the next round of regional water

    planning; therefore, these areas were not considered for pumping tests.

    Based on the results of the preliminary task of identifying areas of well data distribution

    needs, we recommended to the Planning Group that we concentrate our efforts on areas of

    significant pumpage as these are the areas that are of the greatest importance in groundwater

    modeling exercises. The Planning Group agreed and we proceeded to complete the data

    acquisition and pumping tests. New water wells reported by water well drillers were surveyed,

    positioned on maps, and data filed in tables in Brewster, Culberson, Jeff Davis, and Presidio

    Counties. Aquifers that were covered in this survey included the Igneous, Edwards-Trinity

    (Plateau), Capitan, Rustler, West Texas Bolsons, and other undocumented aquifers. Water

    quality samples were collected and analyzed, and pumping test were performed on Igneous

    Aquifer wells in Brewster, Jeff Davis, and Presidio Counties.

    Activities involved in this project were coordinated with Sul Ross State University and

    groundwater conservation district managers. Sul Ross State University is a member of the Texas

    State University System, which is currently participating in the US Department of Agriculture's

    "Sustainable Agricultural Water Conservation in the Rio Grande Basin" research project.

    Specifically, Sul Ross staff participated in this project by assisting in the selection of pumping

    test sites, providing measuring equipment, and assisting with the actual testing process in the

    field. Groundwater conservation district managers in Brewster, Culberson, Jeff Davis and

    Presidio Counties participated in the project by sharing well records and assisting with gaining

    landowner permission to conduct pumping tests and collect water samples. The Jeff Davis

    UWCD is the only district with data not on file with the state (see Table A.3).

  • 3-1 LBG-Guyton Associates

    3.0 Groundwater Data Acquisition

    3.1 Well Data

    A significant number of wells are currently documented in the TWDB groundwater

    database (Figure 3.1). New hydrologic data not in the TWDB database in the form of static

    water levels and well yields are tabulated from driller's reports on wells that have been drilled in

    recent years in Brewster, Culberson, Jeff Davis, and Presidio Counties. Locations of these new

    wells are shown in Figures 3.2 through 3.5 and tables listing the wells are provided in Appendix

    A (Tables A.1 – A.5). Where possible, as in Jeff Davis and Presidio Counties, well identification

    is coordinated between groundwater conservation district identification numbers and Texas

    Department of Licensing and Regulation tracking numbers. It should be noted that these wells

    have not been field surveyed and, therefore, latitude and longitude coordinates as provided by the

    reporting driller may be subject to error. A limited number of new wells and updated well data in

    eastern Hudspeth County was field measured and observed (Appendix A: Table A.5).

    3.2 Water Quality

    The TWDB maintains numerous water quality analyses in its groundwater database.

    Figure 3.6 shows the distribution of wells from which these water quality analyses were derived.

    For this project, water samples were collected from 22 wells and springs (Figure 3.7) using

    recognized standard collection procedures. The samples were sent to a reputable laboratory to be

    analyzed for basic inorganic constituents. A summary of these analyses is listed in Table 3.1.

    All analyses indicate excellent quality water with total dissolved solids ranging from 87 to 545

    mg/l.

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  • 4-1 LBG-Guyton Associates

    4.0 Aquifer Pumping Tests

    When a well is pumped and water is withdrawn from an aquifer, water levels in the

    vicinity are drawn down to form an inverted cone with its apex located at the pumping well.

    This is referred to as a cone of depression. Groundwater flows from higher water levels to lower

    water levels and, therefore, in the case of a pumping well, toward the well or the center of the

    cone of depression. The shape and size of the cone is directly related to the aquifer’s hydraulic

    parameters. Pumping tests are the accepted standard for evaluating this cone of depression, and

    thus determining an aquifer’s capacity to produce water.

    Areas of specific interest in conducting pumping tests were those in which the aquifer

    was undergoing the most pumping stress. Municipal well fields and irrigation projects were

    most characteristic of this condition. The technical selection of wells to be tested was based on

    the following requirements:

    • A working pump in the pumping well.

    • A method to discharge water away from the immediate vicinity of the well.

    • A method of estimating the rate of discharge.

    • An available entry port for access of measuring equipment.

    • Agreement by the land/well owner to allow the continuous pumping to occur for a

    designated minimum time period.

    • Agreement by the land/well owner that test results would be made publically

    available.

    • And also important to the validity of the results of the test, that a separate

    observation well be available in which to monitor water level change at a

    specified distance from the pumping well.

    As discussed in the Introduction section of this report, certain areas were not considered

    for testing because of the desire to not overlap existing or impending project areas. Thus the

    Capitan Reef, Marathon, and Edwards-Trinity (Terrell County) Aquifers were not considered for

    this round of testing.

    Figure 4.1 shows wells contained in TWDB and TCEQ databases that provide various

    forms of well production characterization. In some cases the data may represent transmissivity

  • 4-2 LBG-Guyton Associates

    calculations from a complete pumping test, while others may contain simple well yield (gallons

    per minute) estimates by the water well driller or well yield and total water-level drawdown

    (specific capacity).

    Figure 4.2 provides the location of wells in which current pumping tests were performed

    for this project, along with the location of other pumping tests that are not available in the

    TWDB groundwater database. Table 4.1 provides a list of wells used in both the current and

    previous pumping tests. Results of these pumping tests are provided in Appendix B and C.

    Individuals that provided significant assistance in performing the pumping tests include:

    • Ms. Janet Adams - Manager of the Jeff Davis County and Presidio County

    Underground Water Conservation Districts

    • Dr. Kevin Urbanczyk - Sul Ross State University

    • Ms. Cindy Hollander - Utility Department Manager, City of Alpine

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    Current Pumping Tests

  • 5-1 LBG-Guyton Associates

    5.0 Conclusions and Recommendations

    The Texas Legislature, through the Texas Water Development Board, has designated 16

    groundwater management areas (GMA), each of which incorporates all or significant portions of

    the major and minor aquifer systems in the state. The rural counties of Far West Texas are

    located within GMA 3, 4 and 7. Groundwater conservation districts (GCD) in each GMA are

    charged with developing the "desired future conditions" (DFC) of their respective aquifers.

    Based on these DFCs, the TWDB will develop "managed groundwater availability" (MGA)

    volumes for each aquifer, which each GCD must use in their water management permitting

    procedures. Regional Water Planning Groups will also be required to use these aquifer MGA

    volumes when assessing water supply management strategies in future plans.

    A key factor in establishing the preliminary DFCs and the ultimate MGAs is knowing

    how much groundwater is being pumped from each aquifer and for what purpose. To estimate

    this quantity, it is essential to know the number and use of wells in each county. At the present

    time, the groundwater conservation districts in this Region are at different stages of developing

    an inventory of all wells in their respective districts. Although the water well driller's data

    included in this report is unconfirmed, it still provides a significant step forward in starting or

    continuing groundwater conservation district water well inventories.

    To support the goal of securing better hydrogeologic characterization of the numerous

    aquifers in the Region, the Far West Texas Water Planning Group, with the assistance of the

    Texas Water Development Board, has continued a program of basic water well data acquisition.

    The goal of the current project was to produce information pertaining to: (1) the number and

    location of new wells that have been drilled in the past 10 years; (2) additional water quality

    analysis of samples of wells and springs that had not been previously sampled; and (3) pumping

    tests of several, mostly high-capacity wells. This project produced water well drillers data on

    more than 500 wells, water quality analyses from 22 wells and springs, and aquifer

    characterization information determined from eight pumping test centers.

    The next step in the Far West Texas program of aquifer characterization is currently

    underway as pumping tests and well data inventories are being conducted in the Marathon

    Aquifer in Brewster County and the Edwards-Trinity (Plateau) Aquifer in Terrell County.

  • LBG-Guyton Associates

    APPENDIX A New Water Well Data by County

  • Tabl

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