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Transcript of Ground Up Magazine Issue 3
1January 2012 l Ground Up
EGSHPAEuropean Ground Source
Heat Pump Association
EGSHPAEuropean Ground Source
Heat Pump Association
Ground Upmagazine
issue 3
5 060246 061 1 23
Ground Up
magazine
5.99€
Home is where the heat is The advantages of turning to a UK-based manufacturer
when investing in renewable technologies such as
ground source heat pumps
Race against time Geothermal holes in less than three hours, maybe it
should be an Olympic event?
Brownfield reclamation An invitation to the ground source heat pump community
Large Scale
Geothermal
Heat Pump
System intelligent controls and a
shift in design mindset
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2 Ground Up l January 2012
EGSHPAEuropean Ground Source
Heat Pump Association
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3January 2012 l Ground Up
EGSHPAEuropean Ground Source
Heat Pump Association
Welcome to the third issue of Ground Up magazine and
Happy New Year!
This issue is packed with fantastic articles. We dispel the myths
associated with ground source heat pumps and take a look at
what makes a winning combination in this competitive market from
the team at Ground Heat. We also take an in depth look at an
installation at the National Maritime Museum.
So enjoy this issue of Ground Up magazine and have a fantastic
start to 2012. Please email us at [email protected] if you
have any submissions you would like to see featured in our next
issue.
This month we would like to thank the following members for their
Contribution:
Stephen Hamstra, P.E., LEED AP, ASHRAE HBDP, Certifi ed
GeoExchange Designer
Chief Technology Offi cer
Paul NathanailProfessor of Engineering Geology
University of Nottingham
Greensleeves LLC1995 Tiffi n Avenue, Suite 312
Findlay, OH 45840
Phone: (419) 420-1515
Fax: (419) 420-1513
Engineered Systems magazine2401 W. Big Beaver Rd., Suite 700
Troy, MI 48084
European Ground Source Heat Pump AssociationArgyle House
Dee Road
Richmond
Surrey
TW9 2JN
Not for Profit Company Limited by
Guarantee, Registered in England &
Wales, Company No. 7689830
Homepage: www.egshpa.com
Contact Us:
Advertising and Editorial enquiries:
The Team
Adrian Bridgwater
Head of Social Media &
Editor-in-Chief
or Twitter
http://twitter.com/#!/EGSHPA
Paul Kilby
Editor
Dale Holdback - BEng AMIMechE
Technical and Industry Knowledge
Richard Layton - BA ACA
Head of Finance
Nathan Berkley
Head of Media and Marketing
DisclaimerGround Up is a trademark and may not be used or reproduced without the prior written consent of EGSHPA. Ground Up is published in the UK by EHGSPA and is sold subject to the following terms: namely that it shall not without the written consent of the Publishers be lent, resold, hired out or otherwise disposed of by way of Trade at more than the recommended selling price shown on the cover and that it shall not be lent, resold or hired out in a mutilated condition or in any unauthorised cover by way of Trade of affixed to or as part of any publication or advertising literary or pictorial matter whatsoever.
Welcome
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EGSHPAEuropean Ground Source
Heat Pump Association
ContentsHOME IS WHERE THE HEAT IS
page 6-7Martyn Bridges, director of marketing and technical
support at Worcester, Bosch Group, explains the
advantages of turning to a UK-based manufacturer
when investing in renewable technologies such as
ground source heat pumps
GROUND LOOPSpage 8-9
ESI talk us through planning early for Ground Source
energy schemes
BROWNFIELD RECLAMATIONpage 10-12
An invitation to the ground source heat pump
community to engage with Brownfi eld practitioners
involved in remediation of soil or groundwater to
enhance the effi ciency of both energy exchange and
remediation
BRIGHT STARpage 14-17
Insight from Ground Heat, a UK based award winning
team
RACE AGAINST TIMEpage 18-19
Geothermal holes in less than 3 hours, maybe it
should be an Olympic event
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Heat Pump Association
RENOWNED ARTIST SCULPTS ENERGY EFFICIENT FUTURE
page 20-21Renewable Solution Provided: reliable, cost-effective
heating and hot water solution for off-gas property in
remote area
LARGE SCALE GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP SYSTEM
page 22-24intelligent controls and a shift in design mindset
RESIDENTIAL GEOTHERMAL A SIGN OF THE TIMES page 26-27Insight from Sonic Drill Corporation
NEW KID ON THE BLOCK
page 28GreenACT talk about the appeal of the industry as a
new business venture
CASE STUDYpage 30-31
A £35 million refurbishment at the National Maritime
Museum
A WORD FROM OUR FRIENDS OVER THE POND page 34The National Ground Water Association to Develop a
Loop Well Standard
FIT FOR A KING
page 36-37The use of a moat for heat pump installation
FIND A PRO
page 38-39
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EGSHPAEuropean Ground Source
Heat Pump Association
Home is wherethe heat is
Since the announcement of the Renewable
Heat Incentive (RHI) Premium Payment
Scheme the profi le of technologies which
qualify for the scheme has increased, as has the
number of manufacturers offering the technologies to
the UK homeowner. Here, Martyn Bridges, director
of marketing and technical support at Worcester,
Bosch Group, explains the advantages of turning to a
UK-based manufacturer when investing inrenewable
technologies such as ground source heat pumps.
“The RHI announcement has undoubtedly increased
the profi le of renewable heating technologies in the UK
market. However it is accepted within the industry that
we remain some way behind many of our European
counterparts, who have been taking advantage of the
benefi ts of renewable technologies for a number of
years now. The ground source heat pump is one such
technology, which has been popular in Scandinavia,
in particular, for a few years. As a result, a number
of manufacturers from across Europe and beyond
have introduced products into the UK market with the
intention of taking advantage of a market invigorated by
the RHI.
Homeowners have a plethora of options available to
them in today’s market. Whilst the range of products
on offer may be greater than ever and costs lower
than they have been in the past, homeowners must be
mindful of the suitability of each individual product for
their home. The research and development department
at Worcester spends years developing a product for the
UK market, so we are well aware that whilst a product
may work exceptionally well in heating systems in
countries abroad, a range of factors may prevent it from
having the same impact here in the UK.
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Heat Pump Association
I cannot stress enough the advantages of selecting
a product which has been fully prepared for application
in the UK market. Worcester’s Greenstore ground
source heat pumps are fully approved to meet the legal
requirements of the G3 building regulations and have a
proven track record of successfully operating in many
thousands of UK homes.
The UK consumer can be forgiven for accepting
a reliance on imported products as we do this in so
many other aspects of our lives, however there are
greater benefi ts associated with buying domestically-
manufactured products. The reassurance that the
product has been developed specifi cally for its target
market means that the homeowner will be able to reap
the benefi ts of a package which can be tailored to their
individual needs. In terms of ground source heat pump
technology, this transpires as improved effi ciency and
compatibility with legislation within the heating industry.
The Microgeneration Certifi cation Scheme (MCS)
was introduced to the industry in the UK last year and
offers an over-arching system to categorise products,
installers and manufacturers deemed suitable to provide
renewable energy solutions to UK homes. Naturally, UK
manufacturers are required to have a close association
with this scheme, which means that the products they
produce are geared towards meeting its requirements,
therefore safeguarding the interests of the homeowner.
Undoubtedly, there are manufacturers across the globe
offering products to enhance the way consumers access
renewable energy, however the strength of product
development in the UK should not be underestimated.
The knowledge UK-based manufacturers have of their
consumers, the infrastructure of UK properties and of the
requirements of legislation make them well-placed to offer
the ideal solution for the UK homeowner looking to invest
in renewable technology.”
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Heat Pump Association
ESI: Ensuring ground loops deliver energy needs
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Heat Pump Association
ESI is a leading consultancy for Ground Source Energy,
including training and software support solutions. It
has a proven track record of successfully delivering
comprehensive projects across the UK and Italy, with a
technical understanding of the issues faced in both open and
closed loop ground source heating and cooling systems. ESI
is the ideal consultancy choice when considering Ground
Source Energy as a low carbon and cost effective solution for
heating and cooling.
• Feasibility Studies
• Regulatory Approval
• Open & Closed Loop Design
• Borehole specifi cation & Testing
• Thermal Response Tests
• Impact Assessment Modelling
Ground Source Energy Schemes should be designed at a Building’s Planning Stage
ESI encourages building designers to address a building’s
energy requirements at an early stage to ensure that the
ground source solution is fully integrated with the building’s
energy needs. A Ground Source Energy scheme that is
treated as an afterthought will pose a real risk for the design
not matching the eventual energy use of the building, will be
less effi cient and at worse could even fail to meet the buildings
and client’s needs.
Feasibility studies and predictive modelling of the ground
source will confi rm the potential of the Ground Source
Energy scheme as a long term solution and this can then be
developed into the detailed design when tenders are awarded.
Case Study
Project: Modelling of open loop ground source energy
design for Tate Modern
Client: Max Fordham – Consulting Engineers
Summary: An open loop ground source heating/cooling
scheme is being developed for the redevelopment of the
Tate Modern, located close to the River Thames. ESI
was instructed by Max Fordham to construct a FEFLOW
groundwater fl ow model to support the design
The geology at the Tate Modern site comprises Made
Ground, Drift and River Terrace Gravels overlying a substantial
thickness of London Clay. To model the proposed open loop
Ground Source Energy (GSE) scheme in the River Terrace
Gravels, a single layer model was developed using FEFLOW -
hydrogeological fi nite element modelling software.
The model simulated groundwater fl ow in the River Terrace
Gravels and overlying Alluvium and Made Ground and
extended over an area approximately 2km by 1km, adjacent
to the River Thames. A steady state model was fi rst used
to assess the maximum abstraction rates that might be
achieved and the likely impact on local groundwater levels. It
also assessed the sensitivity of the GSE scheme performance
to the borehole locations and uncertain hydrogeological
parameters. A transient model was used to investigate the
feasibility of abstraction / injection at higher fl ow rates for
limited periods of higher demand. The model was run to
simulate a period of 24 hours, with increased abstraction.
The results indicated that it would be possible to double
the abstraction rate relative to the designed fl ow for up
to 12 hours without excessively dewatering the aquifer.
However, if abstraction was continued at this rate, it became
unsustainable with an increased risk that the groundwater
levels would fall too low to continue operation. It was
concluded that the design represented the maximum
sustainable fl ow rate for the boreholes, but that there was a
degree of operating fl exibility to meet short term peak energy
demands.
On the basis of the modelling carried out the client went on
to commission the initial pumping and injection test at the site.
The scheme is now being installed, and will make a renewable
and effi cient contribution to the building’s energy use.
Contact Antonio Gennarini at ESI for Ground Source Energy
design support.
T: +44 (0)1743 276100
W: www.esinternational.com
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EGSHPAEuropean Ground Source
Heat Pump Association
Ground source heat pumps and Brownfi eld Reclamation C P Nathanail(1,2) and J F Nathanail(2)
1 University of Nottingham, UK [email protected]
2 Land Quality Management Ltd, UK
This short article is an invitation to the ground source
heat pump community to engage with brownfi eld
practitioners involved in remediation of soil or
groundwater to enhance the effi ciency of both energy
exchange and remediation.
Brownfi eld sites have been affected by former uses of the
site or surrounding land; are derelict or underused; are mainly
in fully or partly developed urban areas; may have real or
perceived contamination problems; and require intervention to
bring them back to benefi cial use (CABERNET 2006; World
Bank 2010).
Far from all brownfi elds are contaminated. However those
that are contaminated and require remediation to ensure they
are suitable for their intended use offer opportunities for ground
source heat pump that can increase the economic attractiveness
of GSHP solutions and contribute signifi cantly to a positive
evaluation of the sustainability of the overall reclamation. Process
based remediation technologies (Nathanail et al. 2007) can
create opportunities for GSHP to re-energise brownfi eld sites and
greatly enhance the cost effectiveness of such solutions but only
if remediation and re-energising are considered in a timely and
integrated manner.
Activity Comment
Redefi ning the site Brownfi eld sites are essential components in dynamic urban land management.
Changing land uses allow urban systems to develop and avoid stagnation.
Remediating
unacceptable risks
Those brownfi elds that are contaminated require chemical, physical, biological or
conventional engineering intervention to ensure they are suitable for their next use.
Reclaiming land Brownfi eld often contain remnants of former land uses that need to be removed
prior to the land being reused. Such remnants can include foundations, utilities,
traffi c infrastructure, unsuitable materials.
Re-energising the
site
Brownfi eld have traditionally made use of conventional grid based energy supply
or on site generation sources. Current attention on renewable energy sources
gives brownfi elds advantages over previously undeveloped land.
Table 1 Reusing brownfi elds – a stepwise approach
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Heat Pump Association
Groundwater in urban areas is often polluted with volatile
organic compounds such as hydrocarbons and chlorinated
solvents. The way in which such groundwater is remediated may
also allow energy exchange processes to take place. Pump-
and-treat involves pumping groundwater out of the ground,
treating it and then reinjecting the clean water back into the
ground. Since the energy used to pump the groundwater is
accounted for against the remediation process, it is ‘free’ to any
energy exchange process that could exploit the energy storage
capacity of the water. On a large scale this being carried out
in the Netherlands where water is pumped to protect areas
from inundation. On smaller scale industrial sites, pump and
treat is seen as an expensive long term – quasi permanent –
means of containing groundwater pollution. Existing pump and
treat schemes may offer low cost quick win opportunities to
demonstrate the benefi ts of GSHP on industrial sites.
Permeable reactive barriers (PRB) were developed in the
1990s as an alternative to pump and treat. Instead of pumping
the groundwater out of the ground, a treatment zone is placed
into the ground to intercept natural groundwater fl ow. Polluted
groundwater fl ows through the treatment zone and emerges
clean down gradient of the PRB. The residence time within the
PRB is an important design consideration. Heat exchange infra
structure can be installed immediately adjacent and downstream
of the PRB at little extra cost – the bulk of the permitting and
excavation expense is charged to the remediation works.
REFERENCES
CABERNET (2006)
Sustainable Brownfi eld
regeneration. Millar K,
Grimski D, Ferber U,
Nathanail CP. (eds).
Land Quality Press:
Nottingham. http://
www.cabernet.org.uk/
resourcefs/427.pdf.
Accessed 14 November
2011.
Nathanail, C.P. 2011.
Chapter 25: Sustainable
Brownfi eld Regeneration.
In: F.A. Swartjes
(ed.), Dealing with
Contaminated Sites,
Springer. pp 1079-1104
Nathanail, J.F., Bardos,
P. and Nathanail, C.P.
2007. Contaminated
Land Management
Ready Reference, EPP
& Land Quality Press:
Nottingham, 2nd edition.
World Bank. 2010.
The management
of brownfi elds
redevelopment: A
guidance note. World
Bank Europe and
Central Asia Region
Sustainable Development
Department.
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EGSHPAEuropean Ground Source
Heat Pump Association
Contaminated soils are sometimes treated in situ or
capped but most often are excavated for treatment
or off site disposal. Where excavation is involved,
the resulting void is usually backfi lled with imported
inert material to make up the site levels. However the
expensively created void could be seen as an asset. In
a GSHP context, the void could allow the installation
of shallow GSHP infrastructure with the cost of
excavation charged to the remediation.
The above discussion has shown how costs charged
against remediation can be piggy-backed by GSHP
solutions to enhance the overall sustainability of
brownfi eld reuse and make GSHP more economically
viable.
The CABERNET ABC model (CABERNET 2006)
has been adopted by national regeneration agencies
such as English Partnerships (now the Homes and
Communities Agency) and international funds such as
the European Bank of Regional Development JESSICA
fund. A-sites are those whose reclamation costs are
more than outweighed by the fi nal land value and are
therefore commercial viable. C-sites are those which
are not economically viable as reclamation costs
preclude profi t. B-sites are marginally non viable and
are usually seen as those sites where the public sector
can create the conditions for the private sector to step
in and complete the redevelopment process.
An integrated approach to remediation, reclamation
and re-energising (Table 1) can change the economics
of sites and push B-sites into A-sites and C-sites
into B- or even A-sites. However this requires early
consideration of the integrated land reuse strategy and
a broader outlook than traditional linear, sequential
thinking. Such ‘smart’ thinking can be a major
contributor to both successful reuse of brownfi elds and
greater take up of GSHP technologies.
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EGSHPAEuropean Ground Source
Heat Pump Association
As a company, Bolton UK based Ground Heat is an
interesting proposition. The business was launched
on the strength of 37 years experience within the
heating industry. The fi rm likes to assert its professionalism
as heating engineers in the renewable fi eld by reminding
customers that it has been installing heat pumps for
over seven years, making it one of the more experienced
installers of ground source heat pump technology in the
UK.
Earlier in 2011 the company was named as the
Renewable Ground Source Pump Installer of the Year and
awarded a cheque for £10,000 as overall winners of the
Renewable Awards. Technical Director Dave Thompson used
the event to explain how he built a passion for heat pump
technology which was not even in the vocabulary of the
heating industry at the time he started digging into it.
He enhanced his knowledge by contacting manufacturers
who funded visits to Sweden and Germany, where ground
source heating is the norm. His knowledge was gained
through experience of installing new technology creating
innovative solutions to the many problems encountered
during each individual installation.
As an accredited installer Worcester Bosch invited him
to their factory to examine products and provide him with
various heat pumps and cylinders to research performance in
the company’s functioning plant room attached to a local hair
salon. The salon had in fact won awards of its own, due in
part to the innovative technologies designed and installed by
Ground Heat.
In addition to ground source technology, the salon has
been fi tted with solar thermal and heat recovery systems for
both heating and cooling which have since been installed in
several other projects.
Lakes , moats and streams
Thompson says his company has installed ground loops in
lakes, moats and streams to extract heat including many
vertical bore holes incorporating solar thermal to re load heat
during summer and winter. The bores have been used for
both passive and active cooling via under fl oor and blown
air cooling. He is now designing and specifying larger
sustainable projects which have thus far defeated architects
and engineers.
Ground Heat carefully monitors each of the heat pumps
that they install and provide a 24 hour service to their clients
for the fi rst two years after installation and beyond. Their
engineers are recognised as the best in their fi eld and any
problem is treated as a challenge.
Welsh cottage wind wonder
So to take one example from Ground Heat’s customers,
a customer contacted the company in order to link a
heat pump with solar thermal energy and a wind turbine
on a property in North Wales. The property was an old
cottage with excellent insulation and had a wind turbine
that is producing far more electricity than predicted from
calculations.
Ground Heat installed an 8KW Vaillant Geotherm heat
pump with a bespoke 200 litre stainless steel buffer. The
Ground HeatThe 7-Year Fix
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Heat Pump Association
buffer itself was fi tted with a built in immersion heater. The solar
thermal for hot water was backed up by the immersion, under
most circumstances being operated by electricity produced by
the wind turbine.
The 5KW wind turbine was perched on a 15 metre mast
on the North West coast of Wales facing the sea. Ground
Heat reinsulated all of the roof spaces in order to improve heat
effi ciency. The GSHP is linked up to the wind turbine so that
when the wind blows the heat pump switches off automatically
and the wind turbine feeds the immersion heater built into the
buffer.
This uses all of the electricity that the wind turbine produces
during the winter months. When the wind turbine is not
producing electricity during the winter months the heat pump
automatically switches itself on.
The system can be operated through remote access via an
iPad, iPhone or web browser in order to monitor and adjust
settings when the property is unoccupied. This combination of
three renewable technologies working together in harmony with
the environment is a testimony to the simplicity of being able to
provide a carbon neutral solution.
Industry recognition
At the time of the company winning the ‘Ground Source
Installer’ Award, Jackie Thompson, administrator at Ground
Heat Installations spoke of the fi rm’s relationship with Valiant,
“We’ve been carrying out a lot more Vaillant installations
recently. It’s great working with Vaillant as they are incredibly
easy to work with, as they are so helpful. Vaillant was kind
enough to install an air-to-air system in our offi ce, which we
use to demonstrate the effectiveness of their systems to our
clients.”
Dave Thompson, Technical Director said, ‘We choose Vaillant
to install heat pumps in larger properties, where we have
adapted systems to incorporate the heating of swimming pools
and the installation of cooling systems’.
Words of wisdom
Within the last three years the renewable industry has been
fl ooded by governing bodies fi ghting to gain control of the heat
pump industry with Easy Access MCS Accreditation courses.
It is not and should not be easy to gain MCS accreditation
for the installation of heat pumps nor any other renewable
technology. Ground Heat has been installing heat pumps for
over seven years with no one to turn to for advice except for
the Ground Source Heat Pump Association. The fi rm received
accreditation in September 2010 after a gruelling administrative
inspection which no doubt can and has been made easier and
more expensive by the introduction of software purchased by
installers and a plethora of courses available through various
manufacturers and governing bodies.
The inspection of one its installations was insignifi cant in
comparison to the paper chase and was performed by an
inspector crammed with the theoretical knowledge of the
renewable industry in particular money making solar PV, but
with no practical experience of the installation of a ground
source heat pump.
“Surely we have lost sight of the underlying principle of the
heat pump industry which is the actual installation of the heat
pump itself. Yes it is important that the heat pump conforms to
the standards applied by MCS, Building Regulations and the
Environmental Agency or the latest governing body that wishes
to jump on the green bandwagon, but it is the installation that
the is pivot in the centre of the roundabout of competing
organisations hell bent on profi teering from the latest green
initiative,” said the company, in a press statement.
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Heat Pump Association
“We are alarmed at the number of agencies applying for
accreditation in the renewable industry who are not qualifi ed
time served engineers. We are well suited to install solar PV,
but leave it to the electricians. We are well suited to install air
conditioning units, but leave it to refrigeration engineers. The
trades are already there, leave it to the experts!”
Case Study > Revitalize hair and Beauty Spa
Ground Heat had been looking for a premises local to our offi ce
to build a working showroom so when the owners asked for our
help in their salon we realised that a salon would give us every
application to demonstrate what Ground Heat could do. The
owners gave us complete control of the design of the heating
and hot water supply.
A Ground Source Heat Pump is a unit which extracts heat
from the ground via bore holes and pipes laid in the ground
which can be 75% cheaper in running costs, a much cheaper
and greener option to oil or gas.
We approached Worcester Bosch and told them of our
intention to make it the only total green salon in the country with
new research applications being fi tted along side their units and
they very kindly gave us £15,000 worth of units to experiment
on.
We fi tted under fl oor heating to both fl oors to free up wall
space, each room has its own temperature control.
The nail room being glass fronted has an Air to Air Source
Heat Pump which gives heat and air conditioning and also air
purifi cation.
The by product of a heat pump is a cold liquid which gets
pumped into the bores to reclaim heat from the ground. We
fi tted a unit en route which blows air over the cold liquid and
gives free air cooling to the salon and removes the heat via vent
ducts, this heat is then re loaded into the ground which makes
our heat pump more effi cient.
The four backwashes and showers use an enormous amount
of water, as this water goes down the drain we extract the heat
from it and re use the heat to re load our bores.
We have reuse of all the waste heat from the salon. We have
solar panels on the roof which gives us hot water during the
summer, once the hot water has reached temperature the solar
then gets dumped back into the ground to give us an even
more effi cient running cost the following winter.
We believe we have gone one step further in ground source
by using the renewable energy from an already super effi cient
system.
How the Ground-Source Heat pump Works
A Ground Source Heat Pump is a unit that uses the heat from
the ground or from groundwater to provide space and/or water
heating.
All Ground-Source Heat Pumps have two parts: a circuit
of underground piping outside the building, and a heat pump
unit. The piping circuit can be what is called Open or Close
Loop, there are two variations of the Closed Loop: vertical and
horizontal (which refers only to the way the ground loops are
arranged. Regardless of the type of Ground Source Heat Pump,
it can be seen that a major reason for their superior effi ciency is
because they extract heat from a source that is free, the ground
but also take heat via solar gain from the atmosphere i.e. the
ground temperature increases and is regenerated on a daily
basis via solar energy.(A body of water acts as a similar source
of natural heat).
Ground Heat Installations has also carried out the installation
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Heat Pump Association
of a Ground Source Heat Pump using a lake extraction
closed loop, the job was unique because of the environmental
constraints we were asked to work within. As one of the main
clients was the British Waterways it was essential for them
to minimise the risk of any potential pollutants including silt
management. For this reason we approached a specialist
directional drilling company who were brought in to install the
main connector pipe work from the lake collectors back to our
plant room.
For heating the building the company installed its own unique
under fl oor heating system throughout controlled by optimising
thermostats.
It also installed a solar thermal hot water system to provide
some of the buildings hot water requirements.
About Ground Heat
Ground Heat has full MCS accreditation which will
enable eligible customers to claim the RHPP available
from August 1, 2011 and the RHI feed in tariff when it
becomes available next year.
The company specialises in integrating existing
systems including solar thermal, solar PV, wind turbines
and solid fuel burners with heat pump technology. It
also has experience of cascading multiple units and
installing mechanical heat recovery systems.
Ground Heat can offer expert advice on the design
and specifi cation of heat pump installations and offer
a full after care service where we monitor performance
of the installation and troubleshoot any problems that
may occur. It offers a consultancy service for companies
who may require our support on the installation of heat
pumps.
Being market leaders Ground Heat has invested
heavily in research and development and have designed
and developed its own plant room that houses a full
showcase of working heat pumps and other renewable
energy alternatives including rainwater harvesting.
The company is accredited with Vaillant, Worcester
Bosch and Stiebel Eltron, working closely with these
manufacturers in order to keep up to date with the latest
trends in heat pump technology.
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Geothermal Holes in Under Three Hours: Sonic Rigs Set the PaceBy Al Price
When it comes to drilling through
overburden, nothing buzzes through
sand, silt and gravel like a sonic. But,
on one recent occasion, the drilling speed surprised
even the company who manufacture the sonic drill
rig.
Drilling a test hole for a future geothermal project,
a Sonic Drill Corporation rig was able to bore past
300 ft. and complete the hole in two hours and
three minutes. No other drill exists that could do
the job any faster.
The drilling project, part of a law library extension
for the University of B.C., was contracted
to Hemmera Energy, a division of Hemmera
Environmental Services Consultants in Vancouver,
B.C., Canada. In this initial fi rst step, the company
was asked to conduct a feasibility study to see if
it was practical to install a geothermal fi eld in the
proposed extension.
“Our role is to do the test holes to see if a larger
scale project is feasible,” said Christiaan Iacoe, an
environmental scientist and consultant at Hemmera
Energy. “If you’re going to drill 200 holes or more,
it’s good to know the conditions.”
Located on the campus near the high sand
bluffs overlooking Burrard Inlet, the plan was to drill
a single 350-foot hole. The initial hole was drilled
using a conventional mud rotary rig but, when the
drill rig got past the 320-foot mark, it was stopped
in its tracks. That’s when the sonic drill was
brought in as a “rescue rig.”
In typical fashion, the sonic rig buzzed quickly
and easily through the same challenging conditions
that jammed the conventional rig – the only problem
was when they installed the geothermal loop into
the hole, it was too buoyant due to salt water
intrusion.
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“We always add rebar to compensate but, this
time, we didn’t have enough,” said Sonic Drilling
Ltd. general manager, Bill Fitzgerald. “By the time
we got more rebar, our pipe had now become
stuck.”
“We overdrilled the stuck pipe, removed it, moved
the rig ahead, cleaned up and drilled the next hole,”
he said. “I don’t know the time on that one. We
didn’t measure it but it must have been pretty close.
We installed the geothermal loop and there was no
problem.”
When it comes to test holes, Iacoe says any
failed attempts are just as useful as ones that are
successful. “If it shows it’s not realistic to drill at that
site, that’s really important.”
“Our job is to produce a feasibility report, so what
we do is drill the test hole and install a geothermal
test loop. We have a piece of equipment that runs
off a pretty big generator, that applies a constant
temperature to the fl uid in the loop,” he added.
“That gives us a temperature versus time situation to
see what the actual heat transfer is.”
Iacoe says, based on the geology of the site as
well as moisture conditions and other factors, they
get a range of values including thermal conductivity,
thermal diffusivity and deep ground temperature. If
the decision is made to proceed with a larger fi eld,
this information gives mechanical engineers, in the
design phase, the ability to use the actual numbers
in designing the system, rather than projections.
“That’s way, way more accurate,” says Iacoe.
“We also pinpoint challenges at each site for full-
scale construction.”
“We have a lot of experience working with Bill
and Sonic, and they can drill through things other
drills can’t,” adds Iacoe. “Their drill holes are fully
encased so there is not as much sloughing and
they can grout a borehole and retract the casing,
compared to a mud rotary, which just leaves an
open hole.”
Sonic Drill Corporation rigs use an award-
winning, patented drill head to transmit vibrations
and power through a drill string. The energy
produced liquefi es overburden and bedrock and
pushes the material up and away from the drill pipe.
This enables a sonic drill to achieve penetration
rates 3-5 times greater than conventional drilling
systems such as mud rotary, air rotary and auger
drilling – all without the use of drilling mud and while
drilling through overburden.
“The sonic is fast and so we count on getting
through those zones before a problem arises,”
explains Fitzgerald. “We do jobs all the time that
require us to drill through a lot of overburden and we
do it better than anybody else.”
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Domestic Heating Case StudyRenewable Solution Provided: reliable, cost-effective heating and hot water solution for off-gas property in remote area
RENOWNED ARTIST SCULPTS ENERGY EFFICIENT FUTUREArtist and sculptor Keith Maddison and his wife Christine live
in a 4 bedroom, stone built bungalow, which nestles in the
historical and picturesque village of Elsdon in the heart of the
Northumberland countryside.
Although beautiful, the temperatures can be unforgiving in
the depths of winter and deliveries of fuel supplies can prove
diffi cult in poor weather conditions. A hot water and heating
system that relies upon these deliveries is certainly not ideal,
and with no gas in the property to provide alternative heating,
an effi cient and reliable system is essential.
“Until now we have been relying on an AGA cooker
fuelled by coke to provide the heating and hot water to
the bungalow, but with solid fuel costs rising and supplies
diminishing we had been looking around for a replacement,”
said Mr Maddison. We were not happy with alternative fuel
sources such as anthracite and pellet fuel and wanted a
sustainable solution.
“Sorting out the AGA was labour intensive, not only did it
need topping up twice a day - which you forgot at your peril,
as that meant we could be without heat and hot water for
quite some time - and we also had to clean it out and dispose
of the ashes on a regular basis,” he explained
Mr Maddison wanted a cost-effi cient, renewable energy
supply that he could rely upon in all weathers, so he called
in the UK’s largest and longest established renewable
technology company, Ice Energy Technologies.
Dave Webb, Installations Manager for Ice Energy Heat
Pumps Ltd, visited the Maddison’s property to advise on
which new system the couple should install. Having carried
out a site survey at the property he recommended they
replace their old system with Mitsubishi Electric’s Ecodan® air
source heat pumps.
“Originally, we looked at the possibility of using a ground
source heat pump system, said Mr Webb. “However, there
was not enough space for a horizontal collector system,
so early on in the design process we determined that an
air source heat pump would be the right technology for the
Maddison’s property.
“We performed a full heat load assessment on the building
and the results confi rmed that the property required two
air source heat pumps linked together to provide suffi cient
heating and hot water for the couples’ needs,” he explained.
“The new system is controlled by an Ice Energy control
system and heating is provided via a new radiator system,
whilst hot water is supplied from a single 210 litre cylinder.”
Terry Hart, owner of Catterick-based, Hippo Plumbing, was
called in to carry out the installation of the pumps, along with
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INSTALLATION SUMMARY
• 4 bedroom, stone-built
bungalow with slate roof
• Ecodan chosen to
replace solid fuel system
in off-gas property
• Two 8.5kW units were
installed due to the
bungalow’s very high
heat load characteristics
• Installed over a one week
period in very severe
weather conditions
* For every 1kW of electricity fed into the outdoor unit of an Ecodan heating system you could get at least 3kW of heating energy. The overall system effi ciency and energy savings will depend on how it compares to the heating system it replaced, satisfactory system design and installation, the operational settings and how the heating system is used.
the renewal of the existing central heating system. Radiators and
their connecting pipework were replaced in order to provide the
correct amount of heat for the property and optimise the effi ciency
of the new system.
The work took place in some of the toughest weather
conditions the UK has experienced for several years. In
temperatures well below freezing, Mr Hart installed two, 8.5kW
Ecodan units to the outside wall of the property.
“The weather defi nitely made life interesting in terms of getting
the kit to the property,” said Mr Hart, “but the real challenge was
the space restraints I had to overcome. The new cylinder was
fi tted back into the existing cylinder cupboard and the pipework
run from outside, underneath the bath into the cupboard, and
back out again to the central heating, in order to fi t everything in.
We chose a cylinder that was not pre-plumbed in order to help
deal with the space restraints, which was a major factor in helping
me to overcoming the challenge.”
Mr Hart also praised Mr and Mrs Maddison’s patience and their
“can do” attitude throughout the work, as they both continued to
live in the property whilst the new system was installed.
The new Ecodan units harvest renewable low grade energy
from the surrounding air and upgrade it into useful heat, which is
used to supply the bungalow with all of the Maddison’s hot water
and heating requirements.
Not only is this renewable energy technology very fuel effi cient*,
but it is also low carbon and helps to meet the Government’s goal
of substantially reducing the UK’s carbon emissions by 2050.
Due to the very severe weather conditions the installation took
a little longer than average to complete, but Hippo Plumbing went
above and beyond what was expected of them in order to get the
job done. In fact, when the delivery vehicles could not reach the
house one day, they even managed to transport a large unvented
hot water cylinder, 2 Ecodan pumps and several other items, over
300 yards, manually.
“The Ecodan’s are the ideal solution for us: no fuss, no mess,
and very economical, I am really pleased with their performance.
They are also virtually maintenance free, all that is required is an
annual check by a qualifi ed tradesman to make sure the units are
working properly and the vents are clear of debris,” concluded Mr
Maddison.
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Large Scale Geothermal Heat Pump SystemWith the help of advances in intelligent controls and a shift in design mindset, these systems can steer buildings toward smaller equipment sizes and associated savings. Review three projects and consider the benefi ts of keeping an upcoming project in the loop.
BY STEPHEN HAMSTRA, P.E., ASHRAE HBDP, LEED® AP, CGD
For several decades, our industry has applied closed-
loop, water-source heat pump systems in commercial
and institutional buildings. These systems can provide
excellent energy performance when the building’s internal heat
gains match the building’s heat losses or loads on a real-time
basis, simply moving heat from where it is not needed to
where it is required. However, the application of thermal energy
storage in these systems has generally occurred in only a small
portion of buildings such as the occasional water storage tank
that served as a diurnal “thermal fl ywheel” to hold surplus heat
from a daytime cooling cycle to provide the basis for nighttime
heat requirements being the most common example. The polar
shift towards net-zero building energy use requires us to rethink
any application where we might be discarding energy that has
potential to do additional benefi cial work. As the application
of geothermal heat pump technology has evolved, the design
engineer has an entirely new set of opportunities to “time shift”
energy on both a daily and seasonal basis. This is a major
changein thinking for most engineers, requiring an adjustment
in their design process from typically focusing on peak loads
during design days and instead considering the benefi ts of
harvesting, storing, and distributing energy between multiple
loads, sources, and sinks.
RECYCLING ENERGY
Large buildings with diverse uses often have opportunities to
move energy; waste heat from air conditioning can serve as
a preheat energy source for domestic hot water, etc. If these
buildings are connected via some form of an energy-sharing
network or “virtual central energy plant,” the opportunities
grow enormously and the overall net cost of the needed
infrastructure begins to drop. At a recent ASHRAE Conference,
an engineer1 presented a case study of a college campus
with a common geothermal heat-pump loop interconnecting
buildings that totaled nearly 1,500 tons of peak cooling load,
yet due to the energy sharing and diversity of the campus,
the energy loads were being handled by a geothermal earth
heat exchanger that was sized for only 300 tons. Real-world
examples such as this compel the building design team to
consider the larger picture beyond their standalone project.
This is a challenge in today’s marketplace where we parse
large, complex projects into manageable smaller “bits,”
often losing the opportunities for energy sharing and cost
reduction available when we think in macro terms. We typically
separate our mechanical systems by function such as chilled
water generation, hot water generation, domestic hot water
generation, etc., and design them independently instead of
looking for synergistic relationships and opportunities between
those systems. Some examples of attempting to take a larger
view in both corporate and campus settings follow.
SELF-LEARNING GEOTHERMAL HEAT EXCHANGERS – EXAMPLE PROJECT #1
Example project #1 is a 344,000-sq-ft corporate center being
constructed in Michigan for a large food service company.
In addition to traditional building functions such as offi ce
space and data processing areas, this building houses a large
commercial kitchen for traditional food preparation as well
as the development of new products. The project includes a
snow-melting system at the major entries to improve employee
access and safety. These last two items provide an excellent
heat sink for much of the excess thermal energy generated by
the earlier-noted operations.
The central energy plant consists of several heat recovery
chillers totaling 760 tons, as well as two 250-ton custom
rooftop units serving a large underfl oor air distribution system.
What makes this project unique is the integration of dry-
cooler sections in the rooftop units, as well as a predictive
thermal-management system to control the heat fl ux to/
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from the geothermal earth heat exchanger, the dry coolers (a
heat rejection option or “sink”), and the snow-melt system (a
“discretionary” heating load). The advanced control technology
allows the geothermal heat exchanger to be an intelligent system
component instead of merely “pipe in the ground.” Controls
track real-time heat fl ux and then project the heat exchanger
performance well into the future allowing corrective action to be
automatically applied weeks or months before an overheated
or overcooled geothermal heatexchanger situation arises. This
control and pump package (Figure 1) is constructed off site
in an ISO-9001 facility and arrives at the site pre-wired, with
controls installed and programmed and hydronic components
fl ow tested — all signifi cantly reducing construction time, control
commissioning time, and subsequently, project risks.
This application of intelligent, self-adapting predictive controls
as well as innovative deep-earth directional boring in lieu of some
of the vertical geothermal bores allowed the geothermal heat
exchanger to be signifi cantly reduced in size and fi rst cost — in
this case from $1,500,000 to $1,150,000 while still affording all
of the positive benefi ts of geothermal heat pump technology.
Tracking real-time HVAC loads in/out of the geothermal earth
heat exchanger and then comparing these loads to design loads
enables the system to become even more intelligent over time
as the history of actual performance is documented. Instead
of the traditional project where controls function best at their
fi rst day of operation and then degrade over time, this system
actually becomes “smarter” about managing thermal assets and
then leveraging them for benefi cial use.
THE ADVANCED HYBRID GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM – EXAMPLE PROJECT #2
Example Project #2 is a 20-year-old, 225,000-sq-ft corporate
offi ce building located in North Carolina that is the focus of a
current feasibility study. The building has four existing 180-
ton air-cooled, directexpansion (DX) rooftop units serving
VAV systems with electric reheat coils. This 760-ton system
contributes to the documented building electrical peak demand
reaching 1,400 kW in the summer and 1,700 kW in the winter.
The HVAC equipment is at or near the end of its viable
service life. It could be replaced with similar units and the
owner would experience some energy cost reductions due to
effi ciency improvements. But what if a different perspective were
considered?
The existing rooftop units are sized for the peak load of each
of their respective zones — in this case, 180 tons per unit. The
building’s blockcooling load reaches approximately 600 tons — if
a central chilled water cooling plant were applied, the connected
capacity could be reduced from 760 to 600 tons. Cooling could
be delivered by replacing the existing DX coils in the rooftop units
with chilled water coils connected to this central plant — these
coils could serve as morning warm-up heating coils as well.
On-peak/off-peak electric rate structures, installation cost
savings, and a reduction in the size of the geothermal heat
exchanger point to consideration of thermal energy storage.
For this application the chiller plant could be reduced again,
from 600 tons to 350 tons by the addition of ice thermal energy
storage tanks. An additional benefi t is that chiller operation
during on-peak periods could be as low as 250 tons on a design
day offering a huge reduction in summer electrical demand on
the order of 35% to 40%.
Winter heating is currently provided solely by electric reheat
coils at the VAV boxes. A central energy plant using geothermal
heat-pump technology could provide hot water to the new
chilled-water coil during morning warm-up operation, then
heating would shift back to the electric reheat coils after the
building reaches occupied mode. This shift from electric
resistance heat at a COP of 1 to heat pump technology with a
COP of 3 or more allows a very signifi cant reduction in winter
peak electrical demand, in this case on the order of 35%.
The fi nal interesting part of this analysis is the review of
geothermal heat exchanger options. For this application, if we
sized a vertical geothermal heat exchanger to handle the entire
cooling-dominated load, we would need approximately 200,000
borefeet in the ground (or 400,000 lineal feet of pipe). Applying
thermal energy storage reduces the peak cooling load that the
heat exchanger would see from 600 to 350 tons.
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Subsequently the size of the heat exchanger could be reduced
to 180,000 borefeet — a 10 % reduction. Finally, the project has
a 7.5-acre pond on the site that can also be utilized, allowing
a further reduction in the vertical HX portion to 9,000 borefeet
while adding much less expensive pond loops totaling 72,000
lineal feet. The overall potential reduction in fi rst cost by applying
these strategies is approximately $2 million. The key to achieve
this level of benefi t is the intelligent management of heat fl ow
to/from the multiple heat sources and sinks — in this case,
the vertical closed loop heat exchanger and the pond loop.
Both heat exchangers have signifi cantly different performance
characteristics that dictate their ability to either dissipate or store
thermal energy — intelligent control technology allows us to
maximize these characteristics for benefi cial performance results.
The geothermal option for this client also opens up signifi cant
fi nancial opportunities that would not be available if conventional
replacement HVAC equipment were to be applied. These can
include a Federal commercial tax credit of 10% of the entire
geothermal system cost, bonus depreciation for an installation
done in 2011 or 2012, and a 5-yr accelerated depreciation for
the HVAC equipment in lieu of the traditional 39-yr period. These
incentives combined with energy cost savings can return up to
1/3 of the initial investment in the fi rst 5 years and can generate
a positive cash fl ow upwards of $1 million in the fi rst few years of
operation.
THE ENERGY NETWORK – EXAMPLE PROJECT #3
Example project #3 is a 1,000,000-sq-ft college campus located
in Indiana that was the subject of a recent conceptual review. The
campus has a mix of buildings — academic, recreation, dining,
residence halls, and offi ces. This blend of building types allows a
mix of diverse HVAC and other thermal energy source and sink
load profi les. Waste heat from academic and offi ce buildings
can be used as a source of heat for domestic hot water in the
residence halls or for the swimming pool, etc. Energy that cannot
be used on a real-time basis can be “stored” for use later in the
day or year using multiple geothermal earth heat exchangers.
Sharing and “time shifting” energy using a virtual central plant in
the form of a networked intelligent geothermal heat exchanger
system allows signifi cant opportunities for reducing the total
cost of converting the entire campus to more effi cient energy
systems as well as the quantity overall campus emissions and
dependence on fossil fuel.
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SUMMARY
The advancements being made in
intelligent, predictive control of thermally
massive energy systems that employ
technology such as geothermal heat
pumps open many new opportunities
to engineers and owners in the design
and operation of energy-effi cient
facilities. Improved risk management is
an additional benefi t to this approach;
thermal failures in the performance of
geothermal heat exchangers where
the fl uids get too hot or too cold are
relatively rare, but the numbers are
increasing as the number of installations
rise. Currently, most of these failures
catch the owner by surprise systems
begin to fail as the loop temperatures
exceed operational limits of the attached
equipment. Real-time tracking of
geothermal loads and heat exchanger
performance combined with predictive
algorithms that forecast a future
condition allow pre-emptive actions
to begin well in advance of potential
problems. This level of intelligence
then provides the additional benefi ts
of optimizing the loop temperatures
over time to allow optimum overall total
building energy performance as well
as identifying the potential availability
of additional capacity in a geothermal
earth heat exchanger if the owner is
considering future changes that might
increase the loads on the thermal energy
management system. To maximize the
potential benefi ts these technologies
bring, the design engineer must shift the
approach from merely a “design day”
mentality to one where data-rich, full-
year energy models interact with equally
data-rich virtual models of building
and system components. Intelligent
controls can then take this strategy to
an operational level with self-learning
algorithms and control optimization.
These approaches will allow us to make
signifi cant progress towards widely
achieving net-zero energy buildings.
Single-loop geothermal systems have been promoted and applied by others2. In
this confi guration (Figure 2), a single pipe is routed in a circular fashion with primary
circulation pumps that vary fl ow rates with fl uid temperature differentials measured
at multiple points — load and performance data are monitored and subsequently
controlled via a central control system. Each building is connected to the loop by
additional pumps that move fl uid to/from the loop as needed to accommodate the
actual building loads. Separate dedicated pumps move energy to/from the loop
to dedicated geothermal heat exchangers which can take multiple forms such as
vertical, horizontal, or slinky closed loops; deepearth horizontal directional bored
loops; and pond/lake loops.
Hybrid cooling towers and boilers can also be mixed into this system
confi guration. Again, the application of intelligent geothermal earth heat exchanger
control allows the different heat exchangers, sources, and sinks to be confi gured
for optimum operation. A vertical closedloop heat exchanger might be confi gured
with tighter borehole spacing to allow more effective heat storage, whereas other
heat exchangers might be designed to more rapidly dissipate heat — the options
for both the design engineer and the campus facility-management strategy are
nearly endless, and by monitoring and “learning” the performance profi les over
time, the networked energy system can become more and more effi cient.
When multiple buildings with varying load profi les are mixed together using the
concept of a virtual central energy plant, the potential for fi rst-cost reductions can
get to be quite large. The challenge is overcoming the initial expense of installing
the primary loop; however, several fi nancial options do exist to spread this cost
out over an extended period of time in a manner that can provide very good
returns on that investment.
Non-taxpaying entities such as this college do not qualify for federal tax-related
incentives; however, this type of project can be fi nanced and owned by a separate
entity that could qualify for these incentives. The net result can take several forms,
including options where the cost of the infrastructure is spread out over time, or if
the owner pays for the entire project at the beginning, they may see a net 20% to
25% reduction in total project cost. It pays to look at the various fi nancial tools that
are available — the project team might consider the assistance of a fi nancial expert
with geothermal and renewable energy system fi nance experience as an integral
part of the project team.
The key concept is that the cost of the fi nal build-out of the entire campus will
be much less expensive than handling each building as a standalone geothermal
project, due to load diversity reducing the net amount of infrastructure that needs
to be designed and constructed.
Reprinted with permission from Engineered Systems, A BNP Media publication. Copyright 2011 Engineered Systems magazine2401 W. Big Beaver Rd., Suite 700Troy, MI 48084 Stephen Hamstra, P.E., LEED AP, ASHRAE HBDP, Certifi edGeoExchange DesignerChief Technology Offi cer Greensleeves LLC1995 Tiffi n Avenue, Suite 312Findlay, OH 45840Phone: (419) 420-1515Fax: (419) 420-1513
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Residential Geothermal a Sign of the Times
The sign says it all. At the very top of a list of
lifestyle features, the sign for a new community
lists geothermal heating and cooling as its main
attraction. For many, it’s a sure indicator of what the
future holds in new home construction.
Located within the thriving community of Sooke, BC,
Canada, phase fi ve of the new community of Woodland
Creek offers a temperate rainforest climate, stunning
scenery and three geothermal holes per home – homes
that are built with Mother Earth in mind.
All of the homes in this phase are constructed to
certifi ed Built Green standards, a Canadian program that
asks builders to be environmentally conscious (including
waste management) and to construct homes with
excellent energy effi ciency and indoor air quality. Built
Green homes, by design, are often made from recycled
content, conserve more water, energy and other natural
resources and have a longer lifecycle, requiring less
maintenance.
The latest Woodland Creek phase is the fi rst
neighbourhood in Sooke to offer energy-saving geo-
exchange heating, cooling and hot water – technology
that can reduce each home’s annual CO2 emissions by
2.5 to 5 tonnes (equivalent to the planting of one acre of
trees per year).
When the locally-owned Totangi Properties fi rst came
up with the concept for Woodland Creek more than
ten years ago, the idea was simple: create a residential
community using Earth-friendly methods to build
environmentally-sustainable homes with lasting value.
To date, more than 80 homes in the Woodland Creek
community have already been built, purchased and
occupied.
“It’s so important for today’s developers and
contractors to use sustainable practices and offer
homeowners green energy saving options, like
geoexchange heating and cooling,” says Blair Robertson,
of Totangi Properties Ltd. “But, until very recently, it
seemed that they were only available to developments
with big price tags. Being able to create both an Earth-
friendly and affordable neighbourhood, like Woodland
Creek, has been a long term goal for us.”
With price tags starting at $384,900 CDN, standard
home features include natural gas fi replaces with wood
mantles, designer-selected light fi xtures, 12 mm premium
engineered wood fl ooring, master suite walk-in closets,
central vacuum systems, gourmet kitchens with top of
the line appliances, landscaped yards and more. The
actual geoexchange systems, supplied by Kelowna-
based GeoTility, are 30 to 60 per cent more cost effi cient
than other heating and cooling systems and there’s the
added benefi t of being environmentally friendly as well as
comfortable, safe and quiet.
Studies also show that living in a geo-exchange home
offers signifi cant health benefi ts: by blowing cleaner
air, allergy and asthma sufferers can experience less
symptoms and breathe easier. And, in light of rising
energy costs, the effi cient geo-exchange systems can
save homeowners a lot of cash. Although a geothermal
system can cost between $20,000 and $30,000 CDN to
install, the energy savings over a 5-10 year period can
pay off the majority of the cost of installation. From that
point on, the savings begin to accrue and, upon resale,
homeowners generally recoup their investment as banks
and buyers alike see the value in going geothermal.
For real estate developers, geothermal can certainly
offer a unique attraction for potential buyers but, in some
cases, it also comes with its share of challenges – all
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Heat Pump Association
depending on the ground below. In the case of Woodland
Creek, the drilling began with a conventional mud rotary
rig which encountered extremely diffi cult conditions. This
resulted in only one hole being drilled in a three week period.
GeoTility, the geoexchange provider, then made the decision
to engage Sonic Drilling Ltd. to complete the drilling program.
While it’s common for the sonic drill to be called in as a
“rescue rig,” its performance at Woodland Creek became
a project life saver. The sonic was able to drill three to
four 115 ft. holes per day, making it many times faster and
allowing the project to actually be completed. Without the
sonic rig, there was no economically viable way to drill at
this location which would have prevented the completion of
the geothermal installations. In this instance, the contractor
opted for the newer smaller-sized, track-mounted sonic rig
which allowed for easy access in a restricted space.
Because of its unique advantages, the sonic rig is now
in use around the world, helping to further the adoption
of geothermal energy as a sustainable, renewable option
by making the cost of a geothermal installation a more
affordable choice for consumers. Not only does it have
the ability to drill through tough terrain that would have
prevented geothermal installations in the past, it also
allows the operator the ability to drill, case the hole, install
the geothermal loop and grout the hole closed — in one
operation.
“Sonic drilling technology allows the drilling industry to
take advantage of more opportunities,” says Ray Roussy,
developer and patent holder of the now-famous sonic drill
head and president of the Sonic Drill Corporation. “By
reducing on-site costs and increasing profi t margins, more
companies are able to grow their geothermal divisions and,
most importantly, drill in areas that were impossible in the
past because of challenging terrain.”
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28 Ground Up l January 2012
EGSHPAEuropean Ground Source
Heat Pump Association
If you can see the gates, it increases your chances of going through them
I started GreenACT Ltd in 2009, both on a mission to help
people adapt to the demands of Kyoto and with a desire to
kick against the machine that had been paying the mortgage
for 20 years.
The mortgage was on an old house that had been around
since George, and was a draughty as a
tent. We were spending more and more
each month on gas and, as a chartered
mechanical engineer by profession, I
began to read more and more about
heat pumps and thinking ‘there has to
be a better way’.
Two and two became four, quite
easily. I could see opportunity in
linking the engineering background
with the skills in change management
and marketing that I’d picked up
wearing a corporate suit. GreenACT
started off with the goal of taking
the stuff on ‘free energy’ in the
Sunday colour supplements and
turning it into quantifi ed information
on installation & operating costs,
so people could see what it could
mean for them. “MyGreenHeat.co.uk” was borne as a website
with some fancy modelling algorithms in the background to do
just that. It was the fi rst of its kind in the UK at launch.
They say that the best way to learn something is to teach
it. I’d take it one step further: the best way to learn something
is to use it in the design of something else. Every day for
months was spent getting to the heart of SAP assessments
and fi guring out how to apply it to heat pump sizing, borehole
depths, energy usage and seasonal effi ciency.
With hindsight, it was a big thing to bite off and perhaps
an indication of not knowing just how much effort would be
involved. But it taught me huge amounts about how things
really were. If there had been one ‘go to’ place for information,
the learning curve would have been easier and defi nitely
quicker to get through.
But there wasn’t. The picture was pieced together by
meeting the folks at the British Geological Survey to fi nd out
what was possible from the various datasets they have; by
meeting the manufacturers and hearing what they were saying
on their product training courses; by
talking to energy assessors and building
services engineers to learn the essentials
that were relevant to ground source heat
pumps and renewable energy. The list went
on….
Perhaps one of the most troubling things
– from an industry perspective – was the
variability in the information from different
sources: the proportion of the total heating
load you should size a heat pump for; the
rate of heat extraction from the ground; the
rules of thumb that are in use (even by some
manufacturers at that time) about how to
estimate building heat losses. It’s scarey really
that the high costs of installing these systems
doesn’t mandate greater uniformity in the
techniques and a single authoritative source to
go to for support and advice.
GreenACT has moved on since those days. We still offer
support and cost-benefi t modelling for people kicking the tyres
on heat pump systems, but we’ve started to take our own
medicine. Now, we also install Ground-Source Heat Pumps
together with Solar Hot Water and Solar PV. We secured our
MCS accreditation earlier this year and are applying all that
hard-earned knowledge to help households adapt to the new
ways of using renewable energy in their homes.
We know how much there is to learn and to keep on
learning. But for us, that’s part of the joy about being at the
leading edge of such an exciting new industry.
And the suit? Recycling itself slowly into polishing cloths.
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GroundUp3Subbed.indd 28GroundUp3Subbed.indd 28 10/01/2012 15:5510/01/2012 15:55
29January 2012 l Ground Up
EGSHPAEuropean Ground Source
Heat Pump Association
Advert ev energy forum
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30 Ground Up l January 2012
EGSHPAEuropean Ground Source
Heat Pump Association
Case Study
ProjectA £35 million refurbishment and extension at the
National Maritime Museum, Greenwich. The
project is to double the usable volume and create
a range of new facilities in the newly built element
alongside it.
Our Project BriefTo design supply and install an underfl oor heating
system capable of heating & cooling, utilising a
renewable water to water heat source capable of
summer time cooling.
Project ConceptionWe were approached by Mott McDonald Fulcrum
(formally Fulcrum Consulting, who we have worked
successfully in the past), to design an Underfl oor
Heating system with cooling capability.
The building was the Sammy Ofer Wing – an
1100m² new building at the National Maritime
Museum, Greenwich. Mitie Engineering Service
(South East) were the M&E contractors for the
project.
The heat source utilised an ATES system (Aquifer
Thermo Energy Store), traditionally a Dutch method
of storing all the energy required to heat and cool a
building deep underground.
The technology uses two boreholes drilled into
an aquifer. During the summer, groundwater is
extracted via one borehole to provide cooling while
unwanted heat is pumped into the aquifer via the
second borehole. In the winter months the system
is reversed, extracting warmer water to provide
heating. By doing this the aquifer is maintained in
equilibrium not extracting too much heat nor putting
too much back. The resource is then available for
use again – totally renewable.
System InstalledOur underfl oor heating system was designed to
achieve 60w/m2 of heating and 40w/m2 in summer
time cooling mode. We provided condensation and
dew point sensors which are a must when using
underfl oor cooling to avoid condensation build
up on fl oors which could make the fl oor surface
extremely slippery and potential ruin the fl oor fi nish.
For this project we used our RUW-K Manifolds
complete with Plate Heat Exchangers. We had
to use these manifold types instead of a standard
Project New Building - Sammy Ofer Wing – National Maritime Museum
Location London, Greenwich
Heat Source ATES (Aquifer Thermo Energy Store)
Pipe 6800m of 20x3.4mm W.T.H Tube
Manifolds RUW-K with heat exchanger for separate heating & cooling function.
The new wing has been made possible thanks to a substantial gift by Mr Sammy Ofer, KBE (1922-2011).
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31January 2012 l Ground Up
EGSHPAEuropean Ground Source
Heat Pump Association
LT-S Low Temperature Manifolds because the heating
and cooling circuits could not be mixed. The Plate
Heat Exchange enabled us to have the correct Flow
temperature going to our underfl oor pipes without
using the Flow water direct.
In total we installed 10 Manifolds and a total of
6.8km of 20mm pipe.
Our pipe work was fi xed to 150mm Celotex
Insulation with a 65mm Screed covering the fl oor
area.
ChallengesThe biggest problem we had to overcome was
something completely out of our control – the
weather! We started installation during the winter of
2010/11 and very quickly the freezing temperatures
and heavy snow slowed things up.
Despite the initial delays, we were able to complete
on time, ready for the screeders. Once phase2 of the
project was complete we were able to return to site
and commission the heating/cooling system.
How we added valueWe have completed many underfl oor heating projects
utilising the cooling capability of a renewable energy
system whether it be an Air Source or Ground Source
Heat Pump, so were able to advise on parameters
and functionality of the cooling system.
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32 Ground Up l January 2012
EGSHPAEuropean Ground Source
Heat Pump AssociationWhat’s on the site w
Great Tools Find a
• Unit converter • Grout calculator
• Ground loop sizing • Well grout calculator
• Head loss calculator • Geological data for GSHP
GroundUp3Subbed.indd 32GroundUp3Subbed.indd 32 10/01/2012 15:5510/01/2012 15:55
33January 2012 l Ground Up
EGSHPAEuropean Ground Source
Heat Pump Association www.egshpa.com
a ProNews
• Video • Shop
• Blogs • Discounts
• Forum • EventsPlus
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34 Ground Up l January 2012
EGSHPAEuropean Ground Source
Heat Pump Association
National Ground Water Association to Develop Loop Well Standard
The National Ground Water Association (NGWA) has
announced plans to develop an American National
Standards Institute (ANSI) third-party accredited
standard for the construction of vertical boreholes used in
closed loop ground source heat pump systems.
The decision was reached by the NGWA Board of Directors
earlier this month.
“This effort will use our now nearly 15 year old guidelines
document on this topic as the basis from which to develop the
standard,” explains NGWA Executive Director Kevin McCray.
The guidelines, fi rst published in 1997, have been revised
by NGWA twice in the intervening years, most recently in
2010.
“NGWA’s motivation is to strengthen our contributions to
this important drilling market segment heavily served by water
well drilling contractor fi rms,” McCray said.
“We want to help assure that the drilling of loop wells—
the vertical boreholes of many ground source heat pump
systems—is done in a way that protects the groundwater from
contamination risk. The number of boreholes typically drilled
for such systems makes groundwater protection especially
important,” McCray continued. “We also want to assure
that loop wells are drilled to the design specifi cations so
these systems operate effectively over their lifetime. This will
strengthen customer satisfaction and customer support.”
The guidelines contain chapters, or “articles” on topics
such as loop well fi eld design, test loop wells and samples,
borehole construction, loop tube installation, loop well
grouting, loop well fi eld identifi cation, and permanent loop
well decommissioning. NGWA anticipates the standard will
ultimately cover similar interests.
“Having much of the standard completed by way of the
guidelines, we hope will lead to rapid development of the
standard and introduction to the required public comment
periods on the draft,” McCray says. “However, the ANSI
process is very deliberate and thoughtful, with an aim toward
consensus agreement. We will follow the procedures to
produce our best possible work.”
To learn more about NGWA’s guidelines for the construction
of vertical closed loop heat pump systems, visit www.NGWA.
org, or call 800 551.7379 (614 898.7791).
NGWA, a nonprofi t organization composed of U.S. and
international groundwater professionals — contractors,
equipment manufacturers, suppliers, scientists, and engineers
— is dedicated to advancing groundwater knowledge.
NGWA’s vision is to be the leading groundwater association
that advocates the responsible development, management,
and use of water.
GroundUp3Subbed.indd 34GroundUp3Subbed.indd 34 10/01/2012 15:5610/01/2012 15:56
35January 2012 l Ground Up
EGSHPAEuropean Ground Source
Heat Pump Association
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36 Ground Up l January 2012
EGSHPAEuropean Ground Source
Heat Pump Association
Bishop’s Palacein Wells
More than simply an historic house and garden,
Bishop’s Palace is a splendid medieval Palace, which
has been the home of the Bishops of Bath and Wells
for 800 years. The Palace is surrounded by a stunning moat
and it is from here that the renewable energy is sourced for
the newly constructed visitor’s centre. For buildings located
near a suitable body of water, a water source heat pump offers
an attractive alternative to ground source systems. They are
virtually silent, maintenance needs and costs are negligible
and there are no visible external units.
Ecovision are widely known for the 2010 BCI Award winning
water source installation at Castle Howard in York, one of
Britain’s fi nest stately homes, where the lake was used to
provide the heating and hot water for this ancient building.
The national newspaper coverage announcing Hon Simon
Howard’s impressive savings encouraged owners of stately
homes to turn to our design expertise, including Ascott House,
Harrow School, Treago Castle and many more throughout
the UK. These older buildings were designed to operate at
consistent lower temperatures provided originally by fi res,
maintaining the thermal mass in the thick stone walls. Heat
pumps do something similar, but at a much cheaper rate than
an oil or gas fi red system.
A combination of ground, water and air source heat
pumps coupled with solar power are now collectively radically
reducing energy bills and carbon emissions nationwide and
providing users with valuable income. With energy prices
forecast to rise over 15% in the coming year, more and more
homeowners are switching to renewables.
Over the years we have designed and installed an
increasing number of closed loop water source systems but
Bishop’s Palace was a more complex challenge. Unlike the
Castle Howard system it was not possible to drain the loop
area prior to installation. An array of ground loops, were
designed on a loop support frame, which we lowered into
the water using buoys as fl oatation aids. After the loop array
was launched into the moat, it was fl oated into position using
ropes. A diver then guided the array into the fi nal position
before lowering it under the water. The array sits on the moat
bed but is lifted by weighting blocks which keeps it in position
and holds the bottom of the loops 200 mm off the moat bed.
“We have installed many closed loop water source systems
using the same loop layout strategy. In the past we have had
the luxury of a dry surface to construct them on. The challenge
at Bishop’s Palace was to get the loop set in exactly the
right position. Calculations were made to ensure the loops,
weighting blocks and frame would fl oat and remain in position
when fi lled and operational. It was a challenging part of the
installation but with accurate planning it was plain sailing….”
Closed loop water source systems are becoming more
and more popular. They reduce the client’s capital outlay and
almost eliminate the requirement for the alternative, which
would be horizontal trenches or boreholes. In addition it
provides a solution for a building that does not have suffi cient
land space or for client’s who want as little disturbance to
Uses the moat for heat pump installation
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37January 2012 l Ground Up
EGSHPAEuropean Ground Source
Heat Pump Association
the grounds as possible. Ecovision is working on several
other closed loop systems of varying sizes in large country
houses and estates across the UK.
Although often the ground space is
available, the number of horizontal loops
required for several of these projects
would have been expensive and would
have involved extensive digging through
beautiful parts of the grounds.
At Castle Howard there was already a
plan to drain and dredge the lake, which
offered an opportunity to lay the 56 coils
of MDPE pipe on the lake bed before it
was re-fi lled. Each coil measured 100
metres in length and were fi lled with a
diluted glycol, an environmentally friendly
anti-freeze which will absorb the heat
from the lake. All the pipes converge into a chamber on
the lakeside and from there the warmed fl uid is pumped
in buried pipes to the heat pumps in the main house at
a temperature of 10ºC. It ends up in one of two 100kW
Dimplex heat pumps in the plantroom in the basement of
the building.
Closed loop systems make GSHP installations more
viable and depending on the water temperature and the
fl ow rate, they also provide a more effi cient heat source.
The Bishop’s Palace closed loop water source system
comprises 6 x 100 metre coils headed into one larger fl ow
and return, which penetrates the moat wall adjacent to the
plant room.
The heat pump is the Dimplex SIH
20TE, it’s output is 22kW and it can
achieve a maximum fl ow temperature of
70º C which will supply all of the heating
and the hot water for the building.
Ecovision estimates the average
temperature of the moat during the
heating season to be approximately
7ºC. The underfl oor heating has been
designed to operate effectively at the
lowest possible fl ow temperatures. With
this delta t across the system the average
CoP will be approximately 5.2. This
system will be approximately 20% more
effi cient over the year than an equivalent ground source
heat pump system.
The return from the Renewable Heat Incentive will be in
the region of £1,700 per annum. An alternative conventional
oil system would have cost approximately £2,900 per
annum to heat the building. The heat pump will cost approx
£1,200 per year to run, giving an annual saving on heating
costs of £1,700 and a combined annual fi nancial benefi t
of £3,400. The project received funding from the heritage
lottery fund and Church Commissioners for England.
‘Water source heat pump offers
an attractive alternative to
ground source systems’
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38 Ground Up l January 2012
EGSHPAEuropean Ground Source
Heat Pump Association
Slim Jim – Geo Plate
7350 Tom Drive, Baton Rouge,, LA,
United States, 70806
Website: http://awebgeo.com/home.html
Phone: (225) 928 2630
Fax: (225) 928 2087
Drilcorp Ltd
Kinley Hill Farm, Hawthorn, Seaham,
Co. Durham, United Kingdom, SR7 8SW
Website: http://www.drilcorp.com
Email: [email protected]
Phone: 00441915273970
Fax: 00441915273115
Geothermal International Ltd.
Spencer Court 141-143 Albany Road,
Coventry, Warwickshire,
United Kingdom, CV5 6ND
Website: http://www.geothermalint.co.uk/
Email: [email protected]
Phone: +44 (0) 24 7667 3131
Fax: +44 (0) 24 7667 9999
Greensleeves LLC
1995 Tiffi n Avenue, Suite 312, Findlay, OH,
United States, 45840
Website: http://www.greensleevesllc.com/home.html
Email: [email protected]
Phone: 616.931.4042 x1004
Fax: 866-688-7738
GeoPro, Inc.
302 E. Warehouse Street, Elkton, SD,
United States, 57006
Website: http://www.geoproinc.com/
Email: [email protected]
Phone: (877) 580-9348
Fax: (877) 580-9371
Energy Environmental Corporation
8295 South Krameria Way, Centennial, CO,
United States, 80112
Website: http://www.energyhomes.org
Email: [email protected]
Phone: 303-953-2346
Find a ProTo see what service we can
offer to help promote your
business, please visit:
www.egshpa.com/fi nd-a-pro
Groundsource Drilling & Contracting Ltd
Unit 3a Wentworth Way , Wentworth Industrial
Estate,Tankersley, Barnsley, United Kingdom, S75 3DH
Website: http://www.groundsource-drilling.co.uk/home/
Email: [email protected]
Phone: 01226 741 843
Fax: 01226 743 392
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39January 2012 l Ground Up
EGSHPAEuropean Ground Source
Heat Pump Association
National Ground Water Association
601 Dempsey Rd., Westerville, OH ,
United States, 43081
Website: http://www.ngwa.org
Email: [email protected]
Phone: 614 898.7791
Fax: 614 898.7786
GeoPro Design
Truman Capote, Javea,
Alicante, Spain, 03730
Website: http://www.geoprodesign.com
Email: [email protected]
Phone: +34609434476
Kensa Engineering Ltd
Mount Wellington Mine, Truro, Cornwall,
United Kingdom, TR4 8RJ
Website: http://www.kensaengineering.com/
Email: [email protected]
Phone: 01392 826020
Fax: 01872 862440
ESI Ltd.
New Zealand House, 160 Abbey Foregate , Shrewsbury ,
Shrewsbury , United Kingdom, SY2 6FD
Website: http://www.esinternational.com
Email: [email protected]
Phone: 004401743276145
Fax: 004401743248600
WSP Environment & Energy Ltd
70 Chancery Lane , London , London,
United Kingdom, WC2A 1AF
Website: http://www.wspgroup.com
Email: [email protected]
Phone: 02073145000
Fax: 02073145005
Denver Drilling Services Limited
Guardian House, Capital Business Park , Cardiff, Wales,
United Kingdom, CF3 2PZ
Website: http://www.denval.co.uk
Email: [email protected]
Phone: 02920 360576
Fax: 02920 793503
Green Act
70 Binswood Avenue, Leamington Spa,
Warwickshire , United Kingdom, CV32 5RY
Website: http://www.mygreenheat.co.uk/
Email: [email protected]
Phone: 08455 33 32 31
Geothermal Industries Ltd
Weizman 2, Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv,
Israel, 64239
Website: http://www.geothermal.co.il
Email: [email protected]
Phone: 972(0)3.627.9502
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