Gross Anatomy Cheatsheet

Muscles of the Back Region - Listed AlphabeticallyMuscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery

erector spinae

iliocostalis angles of the ribs

interspinales

intertransversarii

longissimus

multifidus

occipital a.

occipital a.

occipital a.

extends the head occipital a.

iliac crest, sacrum, transverse and spinous processes of vertebrae and supraspinal ligament

angles of the ribs, transverse and spinous processes of vertebrae, posterior aspect of the skull

extends and laterally bends the trunk, neck and head

segmentally innervated by dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-S5

supplied segmentally by: deep cervical a., posterior intercostal aa., subcostal aa., lumbar aa.

iliac crest and sacrum

extends and laterally bends the trunk and neck

dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C4-S5

supplied segmentally by: deep cervical a., posterior intercostal aa., upper border of

spinous processlower border of spinous process above

extend trunk and neck

dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-L5

supplied segmentally by: deep cervical a., posterior intercostal aa., upper border of

transverse process

lower border of transverse process above

laterally bend trunk and neck


supplied segmentally by: deep cervical a., posterior intercostal aa., transverse

process at inferior vertebral levels

transverse process at superior vertebral levels and mastoid process

extends and laterally bends the trunk, neck and head

dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-S1

supplied segmentally by: deep cervical a., posterior intercostal aa., sacrum,

transverse processes of C3-L5

spinous processes 2-4 vertebral levels superior to their origin

extend and laterally bend trunk and neck, rotate to opposite side


supplied segmentally by: deep cervical a., posterior intercostal aa., obliquus capitis

inferiorspinous process of the axis

transverse process of atlas

rotates the head to the same side

suboccipital nerve (DPR of C1)

obliquus capitis superior

transverse process of atlas

occipital bone above inferior nuchal line

extends the head, rotates the head to the same side


rectus capitis posterior major

spinous process of axis

inferior nuchal line

extends the head, rotate to same side


rectus capitis posterior minor

posterior tubercle of atlas

inferior nuchal line medially


rotatores

semispinalis

spinalis

splenius

splenius capitis

splenius cervicis

Muscles of the Upper Limbs - Listed AlphabeticallyMuscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery

pisiform ulnar a.

abducts thumb

transverse processes

long rotatores: spines 2 vertebrae above origin; short rotatores: spines 1 vertebrae

rotates the vertebral column to the opposite side


supplied segmentally by: deep cervical a., posterior intercostal aa., transverse

processes of C7-T12

capitis: back of skull between nuchal lines; cervicis & thoracis: spines 4-6 vertebrae above

extends the trunk and laterally bends the trunk, rotates the trunk to the opposite side

dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-T12

supplied segmentally by: deep cervical a., posterior intercostal aa., subcostal aa., spinous processes

at inferior vertebral levels

spinous processes at superior vertebral levels and base of the skull

extends and laterally bends trunk and neck


supplied segmentally by: deep cervical a., posterior intercostal aa., ligamentum

nuchae and spines C7-T6

capitis: mastoid process & superior nuchal line laterally; cervicis: posterior tubercles of C1-

extends and laterally bends neck and head; rotates head to same side

dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C2-C6

supplied segmentally by: deep cervical a., posterior intercostal aa.

ligamentum nuchae and spines of C7-T6 vertebrae

mastoid process and lateral end of the superior nuchal line

extends and laterally bends the neck and head, rotates head to the same


supplied segmentally by: deep cervical a., posterior intercostal aa.ligamentum

nuchae and spines of C7-T6 vertebrae

posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C1-C3 vertebrae

extends and laterally bends neck and head, rotates head to the same side


supplied segmentally by: deep cervical a., posterior intercostal aa.

abductor digiti minimi (hand)

base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit on its ulnar side

abducts the 5th digit

deep branch of the ulnar nerve

abductor pollicis brevis

flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, trapezium

base of the proximal phalanx of the first digit

recurrent branch of median nerve

superficial palmar br. of the radial a.

adductor pollicis

anconeus

biceps brachii brachial a.

brachialis flexes the forearm

brachioradialis radial nerve radial recurrent a.

coracobrachialis brachial a.

deltoid

abductor pollicis longus

middle one-third of the posterior surface of the radius, interosseous membrane, mid-

radial side of the base of the first metacarpal

abducts the thumb at carpometacarpal joint

radial nerve, deep branch

posterior interosseous a.

oblique head: capitate and base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals; transverse head: shaft of the 3rd metacarpal

base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

adducts the thumb

ulnar nerve, deep branch

deep palmar arterial arch

lateral epicondyle of the humerus

lateral side of the olecranon and the upper one-fourth of the ulna

extends the forearm

nerve to anconeus, from the radial nerve

interosseous recurrent a.

short head: tip of the coracoid process of the scapula; long head: supraglenoid

tuberosity of the radius

flexes the forearm, flexes arm (long head), supinates

musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6)

anterior surface of the lower one-half of the humerus and the associated intermuscular

coronoid process of the ulna


brachial a., radial recurrent a.

upper two-thirds of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus

lateral side of the base of the styloid process of the radius

flexes the elbow, assists in pronation & supination

coracoid process of the scapula

medial side of the humerus at mid-shaft

flexes and adducts the arm


lateral one-third of the clavicle, acromion, the lower lip of the crest of the spine of the scapula

deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

abducts arm; anterior fibers flex & medially rotate the arm; posterior fibers extend & laterally

axillary nerve (C5,6) from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

posterior circumflex humeral a.

deep radial nerve radial a.

radial nerve radial a.

deep radial nerve ulnar a.

deep radial nerve

deep radial nerve

extensor indicis deep radial nerve

dorsal interosseous (hand)

four muscles, each arising from two adjacent metacarpal shafts

base of the proximal phalanx and the extensor expansion on lateral side of the 2nd digit, lateral & medial sides of the 3rd digit, and medial side of the 4th digit

flex the metacarpophalangeal joint, extend the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-4, abduct digits 2-4 (abduction of digits in the hand is defined as


dorsal and palmar metacarpal aa.

extensor carpi radialis brevis

common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of humerus)

dorsum of the third metacarpal bone (base)

extends the wrist; abducts the hand

extensor carpi radialis longus

lower one-third of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus

dorsum of the second metacarpal bone (base)

extends the wrist; abducts the hand

extensor carpi ulnaris

common extensor tendon & the middle one-half of the posterior border of the ulna

medial side of the base of the 5th metacarpal

extends the wrist; adducts the hand

extensor digiti minimi

common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of the humerus)

joins the extensor digitorum tendon to the 5th digit and inserts into the extensor expansion

extends the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal

interosseous recurrent a.

extensor digitorum

common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of the humerus)

extensor expansion of digits 2-5

extends the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of the 2nd-

interosseous recurrent a. and posterior interosseous a.

interosseous membrane and the posterolateral surface of the distal ulna

its tendon joins the tendon of the extensor digitorum to the second digit; both tendons insert into the extensor

extends the index finger at the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal

posterior interosseous a

deep radial nerve

deep radial nerve

median nerve ulnar a.

ulnar nerve ulnar a.

ulnar a.

median nerve ulnar a.

extensor pollicis brevis

interosseous membrane and the posterior surface of the distal radius

base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

extends the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joint


extensor pollicis longus

interosseous membrane and middle part of the posterolateral surface of the ulna

base of the distal phalanx of the thumb

extends the thumb at the interphalangeal joint


flexor carpi radialis

common flexor tendon from the medial epicondyle of the humerus

base of the second and third metacarpals

flexes the wrist, abducts the hand

flexor carpi ulnaris

common flexor tendon & (ulnar head) from medial border of olecranon & upper 2/3 of the posterior border

pisiform, hook of hamate, and base of 5th metacarpal

flexes wrist, adducts hand

flexor digiti minimi brevis (hand)

hook of hamate & the flexor retinaculum

proximal phalanx of the 5th digit

flexes the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of the 5th digit


flexor digitorum profundus

posterior border of the ulna, proximal two-thirds of medial border of ulna, interosseous

base of the distal phalanx of digits 2-5

flexes the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal

median nerve (radial one-half); ulnar nerve (ulnar one-half)

ulnar a., anterior interosseous a.

flexor digitorum superficialis

humeroulnar head: common flexor tendon; radial head: middle 1/3 of

shafts of the middle phalanges of digits 2-5

flexes the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal jointsflexor pollicis

brevisflexor retinaculum, trapezium

proximal phalanx of the 1st digit

flexes the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of the thumb

recurrent branch of the median nerve

superficial palmar br. of the radial a.

median nerve

infraspinatus suprascapular a.

latissimus dorsi thoracodorsal a.

levator scapulae dorsal scapular a.

flexor pollicis longus

anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane

base of the distal phalanx of the thumb

flexes the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the thumb

anterior interosseous a.

infraspinatous fossa

greater tubercle of the humerus (middle facet)

laterally rotates the arm

suprascapular nerve

interosseous, dorsal (hand)

four muscles, each arising from two adjacent metacarpal shafts

base of the proximal phalanx and the extensor expansion on lateral side of the 2nd digit, lateral & medial sides of the 3rd digit, and medial side of the 4th digit

flex the metacarpophalangeal joint, extend the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-4, abduct digits 2-4 (abduction of digits in the hand is defined as


dorsal and palmar metacarpal aa.

interosseous, palmar

four muscles, arising from the palmar surface of the shafts of metacarpals 1, 2, 4, & 5 (the 1st palmar interosseous is often fused with the adductor

base of the proximal phalanx and extensor expansion of the medial side of digits 1 & 2, and lateral side of digits 4 & 5

flexes the metacarpophalangeal, extends proximal and distal interphalangeal joints and adducts digits 1, 2, 4, & 5 (adduction of the digits of the hand


palmar metacarpal aa.

vertebral spines from T7 to the sacrum, posterior third of the iliac crest, lower 3 or 4 ribs, sometimes from the inferior angle of the

floor of the intertubercular groove

extends the arm and rotates the arm medially

thoracodorsal nerve (C7,8) from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae

medial border of the scapula from the superior angle to the spine

elevates the scapula

dorsal scapular nerve (C5); the upper part of the muscle receives branches of C3 &

lumbrical (hand)

ulnar a.

opponens pollicis

palmaris brevis ulnar a.

palmaris longus flexes the wrist median nerve ulnar a.

pectoralis major

flexor digitorum profundus tendons of digits 2-5

extensor expansion on the radial side of the proximal phalanx of digits 2-5

flex the metacarpophalangeal joints, extend the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5

median nerve (radial 2) via palmar digital nerves & ulnar nerve (ulnar 2) via deep branch

superficial palmar arterial arch

opponens digiti minimi

hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

shaft of 5th metacarpal

opposes the 5th digit


flexor retinaculum, trapezium

shaft of 1st metacarpal

opposes the thumb

recurrent branch of median nerve

superficial palmar branch of the radial a.

palmar interosseous

four muscles, arising from the palmar surface of the shafts of metacarpals 1, 2, 4, & 5 (the 1st palmar interosseous is often fused with the adductor

base of the proximal phalanx and extensor expansion of the medial side of digits 1 & 2, and lateral side of digits 4 & 5

flexes the metacarpophalangeal, extends proximal and distal interphalangeal joints and adducts digits 1, 2, 4, & 5 (adduction of the digits of the hand


palmar metacarpal aa.

fascia overlying the hypothenar eminence

skin of the palm near the ulnar border of the hand

draws the skin of the ulnar side of the hand toward the center of the palm

superficial br. of the ulnar n.

common flexor tendon, from the medial epicondyle of the humerus

palmar aponeurosis

medial 1/2 of the clavicle, manubrium & body of sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 2-6, sometimes from

crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus

flexes and adducts the arm, medially rotates the arm

medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C5-T1)

pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk

pectoralis minor ribs 3-5

pronator teres median nerve

dorsal scapular a.

dorsal scapular a

serratus anterior ribs 1-8 or 9 lateral thoracic a.

subclavius

subscapularis subscapular a.

coracoid process of the scapula

draws the scapula forward, medialward, and downward

medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)

pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunkpronator

quadratusmedial side of the anterior surface of the distal one-fourth of the ulna

anterior surface of the distal one-fourth of the radius

pronates the forearm

median nerve via the anterior interosseous nerve

anterior interosseous a.

common flexor tendon and (deep or ulnar head) from medial side of coronoid process of the

midpoint of the lateral side of the shaft of the radius

pronates the forearm

ulnar a., anterior ulnar recurrent a.

rhomboideus major

spines of vertebrae T2-T5

medial border of the scapula inferior to the spine of the

retracts, elevates and rotates the scapula inferiorly

dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

rhomboideus minor

inferior end of the ligamentum nuchae, spines of vertebrae C7 and T1

medial border of the scapula at the root of the spine of the scapula

retracts, elevates and rotates the scapula inferiorly

dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

medial border of the scapula on its costal (deep) surface

it draws the scapula forward; the inferior fibers rotate the scapula superiorly

long thoracic nerve (from ventral rami C5-C7)

serratus posterior inferior

thoracolumbar fascia, spines of vertebrae T11-T12 and L1-L2

ribs 9-12, lateral to the angles

pulls down lower ribs

branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves T9-T12

lowest posterior intercostal a., subcostal a., first two lumbar aa.

serratus posterior superior

ligamentum nuchae, spines of vertebrae C7 and T1-T3

ribs 1-4, lateral to the angles

elevates the upper ribs

branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves T1-T4

posterior intercostal aa. 1-4

first rib and its cartilage

inferior surface of the clavicle

draws the clavicle (and hence the shoulder) down and forward

nerve to subclavius (C5)

clavicular br. of the thoracoacromial trunk

medial two-thirds of the costal surface of the scapula (subscapular

lesser tubercle of the humerus

medially rotates the arm; assists extention of the arm

upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5,6)

supinator deep radial nerve

supraspinatus suprascapular a.

teres major

teres minor

trapezius

triceps brachii radial nerve

Muscles of the Head and Neck - Listed AlphabeticallyMuscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery

lateral epicondyle of the humerus, supinator crest & fossa of the ulna, radial collateral ligament, annular

lateral side of proximal one-third of the radius

supinates the forearm

recurrent interosseous a.

supraspinatous fossa

greater tubercle of the humerus (highest facet)

abducts the arm (initiates abduction)

suprascapular nerve (C5,6) from the superior trunk of the brachial plexusdorsal surface of

the inferior angle of the scapula

crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus

adducts the arm, medially rotates the arm, assists in arm extension

lower subscapular nerve (C5,6) from the posterior cord of the brachial

circumflex scapular a.

upper 2/3 of the lateral border of the scapula

greater tubercle of the humerus (lowest facet)

laterally rotates the arm

axillary nerve (C5,6) from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

circumflex scapular a.

medial third of the superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of

lateral third of the clavicle, medial side of the acromion and the upper crest of the scapular spine, tubercle of the scapular spine

elevates and depresses the scapula (depending on which part of the muscle contracts); rotates the scapula

motor: spinal accessory (XI), proprioception: C3-C4

transverse cervical a.

long head: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula; lateral head: posterolateral humerus & lateral intermuscular septum; medial head:

olecranon process of the ulna

extends the forearm; the long head extends and adducts arm

deep brachial (profunda brachii) a.

anterior scalene

aryepiglottic epiglottis

arytenoid, oblique

auricular wiggle the ears

buccinator facial a.

chondroglossus lingual a.

ciliary ophthalmic a.

anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of vertebrae C3-C6

scalene tubercle of the first rib

elevates the first rib; flexes and laterally bends the neck

brachial plexus, C5-C7

ascending cervical a., a branch of the thyrocervical trunk

apex (superior part) of the arytenoid cartilage

draws the epiglottis posteriorly and downward during swallowing

inferior laryngeal nerve, from recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the of

laryngeal br. of the superior thyroid a.

muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage

posterior surface of the contralateral arytenoid cartilage, near its apex

draws arytenoid cartilages together, adducting the vocal folds

inferior laryngeal nerve, from recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the of vagus (X)


arytenoid, transverse

posterior surface of the arytenoid cartilage

posterior surface of the contralateral arytenoid cartilage


inferior laryngeal nerve, from recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve (X)


anterior: galea aponeurotica anterior to ear; superior: galea aponeurotica superior to ear; posterior: mastoid

auricle anteriorly, superiorly and posteriorly

anterior & superior: temporal branches of facial nerve (VII); posterior: posterior

superficial temporal a., posterior auricular a.

pterygomandibular raphe, mandible, and the maxilla lateral to the molar teeth

angle of mouth and the lateral portion of the upper and lower lips

pulls the corner of mouth laterally; presses the cheek against the teeth

buccal branches of the facial nerve (VII)

medial side of the lesser horn and body of the hyoid bone

ascends to blend with the intrinsic tongue musculature

pulls the sides of the tongue down

hypoglossal nerve (XII)

meridional fibers: scleral spur; circular fibers: encircle the ciliary process

meridional fibers: ciliary process; circular fibers: encircle the ciliary process

relaxes the suspensory ligament of the lens

parasympathetic fibers in the oculomotor nerve (III), synapsing in the ciliary

corrugator supratrochlear a.

cricopharyngeus

cricothyroid

constrictor, inferior pharyngeal

oblique line of the thyroid cartilage, lateral surface of cricoid cartilage

midline pharyngeal raphe

constricts pharyngeal cavity

vagus (X), via the pharyngeal plexus, with aid from the superior laryngeal and recurrent

ascending pharyngeal a., superior thyroid a., inferior thyroid a.

constrictor, middle pharyngeal

lesser and greater horns of the hyoid bone and the inferior part of the stylohyoid


constricts the pharyngeal cavity

vagus (X), via the pharyngeal plexus

ascending pharyngeal a.

constrictor, superior pharyngeal

medial pterygoid plate, pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, mylohyoid line of

pharyngeal tubercle and midline pharyngeal raphe




medial part of the supercillary arch

skin of the medial half of the eyebrow

pulls eyebrows together medially

temporal branch of the facial nerve (VII)

cricoarytenoid, lateral

arch of the cricoid cartilage


draws the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage anteriorly, which pivots the arytenoid

inferior laryngeal nerve, from the recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve (X)

superior laryngeal a., cricothyroid branch of the superior thyroid a.

cricoarytenoid, posterior

posterior surface of the lamina of the cricoid cartilage


draws the muscular process posteriorly, which pivots the arytenoid cartilage and abducts the vocal



lateral surface of the cricoid cartilage


constricts the pharyngeal cavity and the entrance to the esophagus

recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve (X)

cricothyroid branch of the superior thyroid a., ascending pharyngeal a.


inferior border of the thyroid cartilage

draws the thyroid cartilage forward, lengthening the vocal ligaments

external branch of superior laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve (X)

cricothyroid branch of the superior thyroid a.

depressor septi nasal septum

digastric

dilator pupillae dilates the pupil ophthalmic a.

epicranius

frontalis

genioglossus lingual a.

geniohyoid

hyoglossus lingual a.

depressor anguli oris

oblique line of the mandible

angle of the mouth

pulls the corner of the mouth downward

marginal mandibular & buccal branches of the facial nerve

inferior labial branch of the facial a., mental a.

depressor labii inferioris

anterior surface of the mandible

skin of the lower lip

depresses the lower lip

marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve (VII)

inferior labial branch of the facial a., mental a.

maxilla near the midline above the incisor teeth

depresses the nasal septum; involved in flaring the nostrils

buccal branch of facial nerve (VII)

superior labial branch of the facial a.

anterior belly: digastric fossa of the mandible; posterior belly: mastoid notch of the temporal bone

body of the hyoid via a fibrous loop over an intermediate tendon

elevates the hyoid bone; depresses the mandible

anterior belly: mylohyoid nerve, from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V); posterior

anterior belly: submental a.; posterior belly: occipital a.

outer margin of iris

inner margin of iris

sympathetic fibers via short ciliary nerves, synapsing in superior cervical sympathetic frontalis: galea

aponeurotica; occipitalis: superior nuchal line

frontalis: skin of the eyebrows; occipitalis: galea aponeurotica

elevates the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead

frontalis: temporal branches of the facial nerve (VII); occipitalis: posterior

frontalis: supraorbital and supratrochlear aa.; occipitalis: occipital a.

galea aponeurotica

skin of the eyebrow

elevates the eyebrows and wrinkles the

temporal branches of the facial nerve (VII)

supraorbital and supratrochlear aa.

mental spine on the inner aspect of the mental symphysis

fans out to insert into the tongue from the tip to the base

protrudes the tongue (inferior fibers); depresses tongue (middle fibers)


mental spines of the mandible

body of the hyoid bone

elevates the hyoid bone; depresses the mandible

ventral primary ramus of spinal nerve C1 via fibers carried by the hypoglossal

lingual a., submental a.

upper border of the greater horn of the hyoid and body of the hyoid bone

spreads out into the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

depresses the sides of the tongue; retracts the tongue


inferior oblique ophthalmic a.

inferior rectus ophthalmic a.

lateral pterygoid

lateral rectus ophthalmic a.

levator anguli oris

floor of the orbit lateral to the lacrimal groove

sclera on the inferior surface of the eyeball

elevates and abducts the corneal part of the eye; rotates the superior pole of the iris laterally; when

oculomotor nerve (III), inferior division

inferior pharyngeal constrictor

oblique line of the thyroid cartilage, lateral surface of cricoid cartilage


constricts pharyngeal cavity

vagus (X), via the pharyngeal plexus, with aid from the superior laryngeal and recurrent

ascending pharyngeal a., superior thyroid a., inferior thyroid a.

common tendinous ring at the apex of the orbit


depresses and adducts the corneal part of the eyeball; rotates the


lateral cricoarytenoid



draws the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage anteriorly, which pivots the arytenoid



superior head: greater wing of the sphenoid bone; inferior head: lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

superior head: capsule and & articular disk of the temporomandibular joint; inferior head: neck of the mandible

protracts the mandible; opens the mouth; active in grinding actions of chewing

lateral pterygoid branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V)

pterygoid branch of the maxillary a.


sclera on the lateral surface of the eyeball

abducts the corneal part of the eyeball

abducens nerve (VI)

canine fossa of the maxilla

angle (corner) of the mouth

elevates the angle of the mouth

buccal branch of the facial nerve (VII)

infraorbital a., superior labial branch of the facial a.levator labii

superiorisinferior margin of the orbit

skin of the upper lip

elevates the upper lip


infraorbital a., superior labial branch of the facial a.

levator labii superioris alaque nasi

frontal process of the maxilla

ala of the nose and skin of the upper lip

elevates the upper lip and flares the nostril


infraorbital a., superior labial branch of the facial a.

ophthalmic a.

levator scapulae elevates scapula dorsal scapular a.

within tongue lingual a.

within tongue within tongue lingual a.

linguae, verticalis within tongue within tongue lingual a.

longus capitis deep cervical a.

longus colli deep cervical a.

masseter

medial pterygoid

medial rectus ophthalmic a.

levator palpebrae superioris

apex of the orbit above the optic canal

skin and fascia of upper eyelid and the superior tarsal plate

elevates the upper eyelid

oculomotor nerve (III) and sympathetics (to the superior tarsal portion)

transverse processes of C1-4 vertebrae

medial border of the scapula from the superior angle to the spine

dorsal scapular nerve (C5); the upper part of the muscle receives branches of C3 & levator veli

palatiniapex of the petrous part of the temporal bone and the medial surface of the

muscles and fascia of the soft palate; palatine aponeurosis

elevates the soft palate

vagus nerve (X) via the pharyngeal plexus


linguae, longitudinalis

within tongue near the apex

shapes the tongue for speech and mastication


linguae, transversus

compresses the sides of the tongue; shapes the tongue for speech and


shapes the tongue for speech and mastication


anterior tubercles of vertebrae C3-6

basilar portion of the occipital bone

flex the head and neck

cervical plexus, ventral primary rami of spinal nerves C1-4anterior tubercles

and anterior surfaces of the bodies of vertebrae C3-T3

anterior arch of atlas, anterior tubercles of C5-6, anterior surfaces of bodies of

flex neck, rotate and laterally bend neck

cervical and brachial plexus, C2-7

zygomatic arch and zygomatic bone

lateral surface of the ramus and angle of the mandible

elevates the mandible

nerve to the masseter, from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

masseteric branch of the maxillary a.

medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate, pyramidal process of the palatine bone, tuberosity

medial surface of the ramus and angle of the mandible

elevates and protracts the mandible

medial pterygoid branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V)


common tendinous ring at the apex of the

sclera on the medial surface of the eyeball

adducts the corneal part of the eyeball

oculomotor nerve (III) (inferior division)

mentalis skin of the chin

middle scalene

musculus uvulae shortens the uvula lesser palatine a.

mylohyoid

nasalis

nasalis pars alaris ala of the nose flares the nostrils

flattens the nose

oblique arytenoid

oblique, inferior ophthalmic a.

oblique, superior ophthalmic a.

anterior surface of the mandible near the mental symphysis

elevates the lower lip and skin of chin

marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve (VII)

mental a., inferior labial branch of the facial a.

middle pharyngeal constrictor

lesser and greater horns of the hyoid bone and the inferior part of the stylohyoid





posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of vertebrae C2-C7

upper surface of the first rib behind the subclavian artery



ascending cervical a.

posterior nasal spine

mucosa of the uvula

vagus nerve (X) via pharyngeal plexus

mylohyoid line of mandible

midline raphe and body of the hyoid bone

elevates the hyoid bone and the tongue; depresses the mandible

mylohyoid nerve from the inferior alveolar nerve, a branch of the mandibular division of the

mylohyoid branch of the inferior alveolar a.

maxilla above the incisor teeth and the canine teeth

ala of the nose and midline aponeurosis

flattens the nose, flare the nostrils


superior labial branch of the facial a.

maxilla above the canine teeth


superior labial branch of the facial a.nasalis pars

transversamaxilla above the incisor teeth

midline aponeurosis


superior labial branch of the facial a.muscular process

of the arytenoid cartilage

posterior surface of the contralateral arytenoid cartilage, near its apex


inferior laryngeal nerve, from recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the of vagus (X)


floor of the orbit lateral to the lacrimal groove


elevates and abducts the corneal part of the eye; rotates the superior pole of the iris laterally; when



sclera on the posterior superior surface of the eyeball

depresses and abducts the eyeball; rotates the superior pole of the iris

trochlear nerve (IV)

occipitalis occipital a.

occipitofrontalis

omohyoid ansa cervicalis

orbicularis oculi closes the eyelids

orbicularis oris purses the lips

palatoglossus

palatopharyngeus

platysma facial a.

posterior scalene

procerus nasal bone supratrochlear a.

superior nuchal line

galea aponeurotica

pulls the scalp posteriorly; elevates the

posterior auricular branch of the facial nerve frontalis: galea

aponeurotica; occipitalis: superior nuchal line

frontalis: skin of the eyebrows; occipitalis: galea aponeurotica

elevates the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead

frontalis: temporal branches of the facial nerve (VII); occipitalis: posterior

frontalis: supraorbital and supratrochlear aa.; occipitalis: occipital a.

inferior belly: upper border of the scapula medial to the scapular notch; superior belly:

inferior belly: intermediate tendon; superior belly: lower border of the hyoid bone lateral

depresses/stabilizes the hyoid bone

transverse cervical a.

orbital part: medial orbital margin and the medial palpebral ligament; palpebral part:

orbital part: skin of the lateral cheek; palpebral part: lateral palpebral raphe

temporal & zygomatic branches of the facial nerve (VII)

supraorbital a., supratrochlear a., infraorbital a., angular branch of the facial a.

skin and fascia of lips and the area surrounding the lips

skin and fascia of the lips


superior and inferior labial branches of the facial a., mental palatine

aponeurosisside of the tongue, entering it from above

elevates and retracts the tongue


tonsilar branch of the facial a., ascending pharyngeal a.

posterior margin of the bony palate and the palatine aponeurosis

posterior wall of the pharynx and the posterior margin of the thyroid cartilage

elevates the larynx

vagus nerve (X) via pharyngeal plexus


fascia overlying the pectoralis major and deltoid muscles

inferior border of the mandible and skin of lower face

draws the corners of the mouth down; it aids in depression of the mandible

cervical branch of the facial nerve (VII)

posterior cricoarytenoid

posterior surface of the lamina of the cricoid cartilage


draws the muscular process posteriorly, which pivots the arytenoid cartilage and abducts the vocal



posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of

lateral surface of the second rib

elevates the second rib; flexes and laterally bends the neck



skin between the eyebrows

depresses the medial corners of the eyebrows

temporal branch of the facial nerve (VII)

pterygoid, lateral

pterygoid, medial

pupillae, dilator dilates the pupil ophthalmic a.

encircles iris encircles iris ophthalmic a.

flexes the head deep cervical a.

deep cervical a.

rectus, inferior ophthalmic a.

rectus, lateral ophthalmic a.

rectus, medial ophthalmic a.

rectus, superior ophthalmic a.

risorius

superior head: greater wing of the sphenoid bone; inferior head: lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

superior head: capsule and & articular disk of the temporomandibular joint; inferior head: neck of the mandible

protracts the mandible; opens the mouth; active in grinding actions of chewing

lateral pterygoid branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V)


medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate, pyramidal process of the palatine bone, tuberosity

medial surface of the ramus and angle of the mandible

elevates and protracts the mandible



outer margin of iris

inner margin of iris

sympathetic fibers via short ciliary nerves, synapsing in superior cervical sympathetic pupillae,

sphincterconstricts the pupil

parasympathetic fibers of oculomotor nerve (III), synapsing in ciliary ganglionrectus capitis

anteriorlateral mass of atlas

basilar portion of occipital bone

ventral primary ramus of spinal nerve C1rectus capitis

lateralistransverse process of atlas

occipital bone anterolateral to foramen magnum

laterally bends the head

ventral primary ramus of spinal nerve C1common

tendinous ring at the apex of the orbit


depresses and adducts the corneal part of the eyeball; rotates the



sclera on the lateral surface of the eyeball

abducts the corneal part of the eyeball

abducens nerve (VI)

common tendinous ring at the apex of the

sclera on the medial surface of the eyeball

adducts the corneal part of the eyeball

oculomotor nerve (III) (inferior division)common

tendinous ring at the apex of the orbit

sclera on the superior surface of the eyeball

elevates and adducts the eyeball; rotates the superior pole of the iris

oculomotor nerve (III), superior division

fascia of the lateral cheek

skin of the angle (corner) of the mouth

draws the corner of the mouth laterally

buccal branches of the facial nerve (VII)

transverse facial a., facial a.

scalene, anterior

scalene, middle

scalene, posterior

sphenomeniscus

sphincter pupillae encircles iris encircles iris ophthalmic a.

splenius

stapedius neck of the stapes facial nerve (VII)

salpingopharyngeus

inferior surface of the anteromedial end of the auditory tube cartilage

pharyngeal wall and superior border of the thyroid cartilage along with the palatopharyngeus

elevates the larynx



anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of vertebrae C3-C6

scalene tubercle of the first rib



ascending cervical a., a branch of the thyrocervical trunk

posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of vertebrae C2-C7

upper surface of the first rib behind the subclavian artery




posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of

lateral surface of the second rib

elevates the second rib; flexes and laterally bends the neck



greater wing of the sphenoid

capsule and articular disk of the temporomandibul

pulls the articular disk forward in opening of the mouth

lateral pterygoid branch of mandibular division of


constricts the pupil

parasympathetic fibers of oculomotor nerve (III), synapsing in ciliary ganglionligamentum

nuchae and spines C7-T6

capitis: mastoid process & superior nuchal line laterally; cervicis: posterior

extends and laterally bends neck and head; rotates head to same side

dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C2-6

supplied segmentally by: deep cervical a., posterior intercostal aa.walls of the

pyramidal eminence

dampens vibration of the stapes

anterior tympanic a.

sternocleidomastoid

sternal head: anterior surface of the manubrium; clavicular head: medial 1/3rd of the clavicle

mastoid process and lateral 1/2 of the superior nuchal line

draws the mastoid process down toward the same side which causes the chin to turn up toward the opposite side; acting together, the muscles of the

spinal accessory nerve (XI), with sensory supply from C2 & C3 (for proprioception)

sternocleidomastoid branch of the occipital a.

sternohyoid ansa cervicalis

sternothyroid ansa cervicalis

styloglossus

stylohyoid facial nerve (VII)

stylopharyngeus

superior oblique ophthalmic a.

superior rectus ophthalmic a.

temporalis

posterior surfaces of both the manubrium and sternal end of the

lower border of the hyoid bone, medial to the omohyoid m.


superior thyroid a.

posterior surface of the manubrium below the origin of the sternohyoid m.

oblique line of the thyroid cartilage


superior thyroid a.

anterior side of the styloid process

posterolateral side of the tongue

retracts and elevates the tongue


ascending pharyngeal a., ascending palatine branch of posterior side of

the styloid process

splits around the intermediate tendon of the digastric m. to insert on the body of the hyoid bone

elevates and retracts the hyoid bone


medial side of the styloid process

superior border of the thyroid cartilage and also into the pharyngeal wall

elevates the larynx

glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)



sclera on the posterior superior surface of the eyeball

depresses and abducts the eyeball; rotates the superior pole of the iris

trochlear nerve (IV)

superior pharyngeal constrictor

medial pterygoid plate, pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, mylohyoid line of

pharyngeal tubercle and midline pharyngeal raphe





sclera on the superior surface of the eyeball

elevates and adducts the eyeball; rotates the superior pole of the iris

oculomotor nerve (III), superior division

temporal fossa and the temporal fascia

coronoid process of the mandible and the anterior surface of the ramus of the mandible

elevates the mandible; retracts the mandible (posterior fibers)

anterior and posterior deep temporal nerves from the mandibular division of the

anterior and posterior deep temporal aa.

tensor tympani

thyroarytenoid

thyroepiglottic

thyrohyoid

trachealis

cartilagenous auditory tube and the greater wing of the sphenoid bone which lies adjacent to it

manubrium of the malleus

dampens vibrations of the tympanic membrane


superior tympanic branch of the middle meningeal a.

tensor veli palatini

scaphoid fossa, lateral wall of the auditory tube cartilage

palatine aponeurosis

opens the auditory tube; tenses the soft palate

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V)


inner surface of the thyroid cartilage anteriorly

lateral border of the arytenoid cartilage

draws the arytenoid cartilage forward, relaxing and adducting the vocal folds


laryngeal branch of the superior thyroid a.

inner surface of the thyroid cartilage near the laryngeal prominence

lateral surface of the epiglottic cartilage

draws the epiglottic cartilage downward

inferior laryngeal nerve, from recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the

laryngeal branch of the superior thyroid a.

oblique line of the thyroid cartilage

lower border of the hyoid bone

elevates the larynx; depresses/stabilizes the hyoid bone

ansa cervicalis (via fibers running with the hypoglossal nerve that leave XII distal to the

superior thyroid a.

posterior edge of the tracheal cartilage

posterior edge of the tracheal cartilage of other side (joins tracheal rings

constricts the bronchi and trachea

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the vagus (X) nerve

inferior thyroid a., bronchial aa.

transverse arytenoid






transverse arytenoid






vocalis vocal ligament

Muscles of the Thoracic Region - Listed AlphabeticallyMuscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery

diaphragm

intercostal a.

intercostal a.

intercostal a.

elevates the rib

subcostalis angle of ribs intercostal nerves intercostal a.

surface of the thyroid cartilage, vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage

relaxes segments of the vocal ligament, thereby adjusting pitch



zygomaticus major

upper lateral surface of the zygomatic bone

skin of the angle of the mouth

elevates and draws the corner of the mouth laterally

zygomatic and buccal branches of the facial nerve (VII)


zygomaticus minor

lower surface of the zygomatic bone

lateral part of the upper lip

elevates the upper lip



xiphoid process, costal margin, fascia over the quadratus lumborum and psoas major mm.(lateral & medial arcuate

central tendon of the diaphragm

pushes the abdominal viscera inferiorly, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity (inspiration)

phrenic nerve (C3-C5)

musculophrenic a., superior phrenic a., inferior phrenic a.

external intercostal

lower border of a rib within an intercostal space

upper border of the rib below, coursing, downward and medially

keeps the intercostal space from blowing out or sucking in during respiration

intercostal nerves (T1-T11)

innermost intercostal

upper borders of a rib

fibers course up and medially to insert on the inferior margin of the rib above



internal intercostal

upper border of a rib

lower border of rib above, coursing up and medially



levatores costarum

transverse processes C7-T11

rib below its origin, medial to the angle

dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C7-T11

deep cervical a., intercostal aa.

angle of a rib 2-3 ribs above origin

compresses the intercostal spaces

Muscles of the Abdominal Region - Listed AlphabeticallyMuscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery

cremaster inguinal ligament

dartos

lower 8 ribs

interfoveolar

transversus thoracis

posterior surface of the sternum

inner surfaces of costal cartilages 2-6

compresses the thorax for forced expiration

intercostal nerves 2-6

internal thoracic a.

forms thin network of muscle fascicles around the spermatic cord and testis (or around the distal portion of the round ligament of the uterus)

elevates testis (not well developed in females)

genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

cremasteric a., a branch of the inferior epigastric a.

subcutaneous connective tissue of the scrotum and the penis (or labium majus and clitoris)

skin of the scrotum and penis (or labium majus and clitoris)

elevates testis (tenses the skin of the pudendal region in the female)

postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers arriving via the ilioinguinal nerve and the posterior scrotal

cremasteric a., posterior scrotal (labial) a.

external abdominal oblique

linea alba, pubic crest & tubercle, anterior superior iliac spine & anterior half of iliac crest

flexes and laterally bends the trunk

intercostal nerves 7-11, subcostal, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

musculophrenic a., superior epigastric a., intercostal aa. 7-11, subcostal a., lumbar aa., superficial circumflex iliac a., deep circumflex iliac a., superficial epigastric a.,

transversus abdominis fibers that lie superficial to the inferior epigastric vessels

anterior lamina of femoral sheath, immediately distal to origin of inferior epigastric

compresses abdominal contents

iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

inferior epigastric a.

lower 8 ribs

psoas major

psoas minor lumbar aa.

pyramidalis linea alba subcostal nerve

internal abdominal oblique

thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of the iliac crest, lateral 2/3 of the inguinal ligament

lower 3 or 4 ribs, linea alba, pubic crest




oblique, external abdominal

linea alba, pubic crest & tubercle, anterior superior iliac spine & anterior half of iliac crest




oblique, internal abdominal

thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of the iliac crest, lateral 2/3 of the inguinal ligament

lower 3 or 4 ribs, linea alba, pubic crest




bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

lesser trochanter of femur (with iliacus) via iliopsoas tendon

flexes the thigh; flexes & laterally bends the lumbar vertebral column

branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L2-L4

subcostal a., lumbar aa.

bodies of the T12 & L1 vertebrae

iliopubic eminence at the line of junction of the ilium and the superior pubic

flexes & laterally bends the lumbar vertebral column

branches of the ventral primary rams of spinal nerves L1-L2

pubis, anterior to the rectus abdominis

draws the linea alba inferiorly

subcostal a., inferior epigastric a.

rectus abdominis flexes the trunk

Muscles of the Pelvis and Perineum - Listed AlphabeticallyMuscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery

inferior rectal a.

middle rectal a.

perineal a.

perineal a.

coccygeus ischial spine inferior gluteal a.

quadratus lumborum

posterior part of the iliac crest and the iliolumbar ligament

transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae 1-4 and the 12th rib

laterally bends the trunk, fixes the 12th rib

subcostal nerve and ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L1-L4


pubis and the pubic symphysis

xiphoid process of the sternum and costal cartilages 5-7

intercostal nerves 7-11 and subcostal nerve

superior epigastric a. intercostal aa., subcostal a., inferior epigastric a.transversus

abdominislower 6 ribs, thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 3/4 of the iliac crest, lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament

linea alba, pubic crest and pecten of the pubis

flexes and laterally bends trunk



anal sphincter, external

perineal body or central tendinous point of the perineum

encircles the anal canal; superficial fibers attach to the coccyx

constricts the anal canal

inferior rectal nerves (from the pudendal nerve)

anal sphincter, internal

encircles the anal canal



parasympathetic fibers from S4

bulbospongiosus, in female

perineal body and fascia of the bulb of the vestibule

perineal membrane and corpus cavernosum of the

compresses the vestibular bulb and constricts the vaginal orifice

deep branch of the perineal nerve (from pudendal nerve)bulbospongiosus,

in malecentral tendinous point and the midline raphe on the bulb of the penis

perineal membrane, dorsal surface of the corpus spongiosum, deep

compresses the bulb of the penis, compresses the spongy urethra

deep branch of the perineal nerve (from pudendal nerve)

side of the coccyx and lower sacrum

elevates the pelvic floor

branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S3-S4

iliococcygeus inferior gluteal a.

ischiocavernosus perineal a.

levator ani inferior gluteal a.

levator prostatae inferior gluteal a.

pubococcygeus coccyx inferior gluteal a.

puborectalis inferior gluteal a.

pubovaginalis inferior gluteal a.

inferior rectal a.

deep transverse perineus

medial surface of the ischial ramus

contralateral muscle and perineal body/central

fixes and stabilizes the perineal body/central

deep branch of perineal nerve from pudendal nerve

internal pudendal a.

detruser of bladder

smooth muscle in the wall of the urinary bladder

fascicles are arranged roughly in three layers

compresses the urinary bladder

parasympathetic nerve fibers from the pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4 spinal cord levels)

superior and inferior vesical aa.

arcus tendineus levator ani and the ischial spine

anococcygeal raphe and the coccyx


branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S3-S4medial surface of

the ischial tuberosity and the ischiopubic ramus

corpus cavernosum and crus of the penis/clitoris

compresses the corpus cavernosum

deep branch of the perineal nerve (from pudendal nerve)posterior surface

of the body of the pubis, fascia of the obturator internus m. (arcus tendineus levator ani), ischial spine

anococcygeal raphe and coccyx



posterior aspect of the pubis

fascia of the prostate

elevates the prostate

branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S3-S4posterior aspect

of the superior pubic ramis


branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S3-S4posterior aspect

of the body of the pubis

unites with the puborectalis m. of other side posterior to the rectum

draws the distal rectum forward and superiorly; aids in voluntary retention of feces


posterior aspect of the body of the pubis

fascia of the vagina and perineal body

draws the vagina forward and superiorly

branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S3-S4sphincter ani

externusperineal body or central tendinous point of the perineum

encircles the anal canal; superficial fibers attach to the coccyx


inferior rectal nerves (from the pudendal nerve)

middle rectal a.

perineal a.

perineal a.

Muscles of the Lower Limb - Listed AlphabeticallyMuscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery

lateral plantar a.

abductor hallucis medial plantar a.

adductor brevis

adductor hallucis

adductor longus

sphincter ani internus




parasympathetic fibers from S4

sphincter urethrae, in female

encircles the urethra

encircles urethra and vagina; extends superiorly along the urethra as far as the inferior surface of

compresses urethra and vagina



sphincter urethrae, in male

encircles the urethra

encircles urethra, reaches lateral surface of prostate and

compresses urethra



superficial transverse perineus


contralateral muscle and the perineal body/central

fixes and stabilizes perineal body/central tendinous point

deep branch of perineal nerve from pudendal nervetransverse

perineus, deepmedial surface of the ischial ramus

contralateral muscle and perineal body/central

fixes and stabilizes the perineal body/central



transverse perineus, superficial


contralateral muscle and the perineal body/central

fixes and stabilizes perineal body/central tendinous point


abductor digiti minimi (foot)

medial and lateral sides of the tuberosity of the calcaneus

lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit

abducts the 5th toe; flexes the metatarsophalageal joint

lateral plantar nerve

medial side of the tuberosity of calcaneus

medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe

abducts the great toe; flexes the metatarsophalageal joint

medial plantar nerve

inferior pubic ramus

pectineal line and linea aspera (deep to the pectineus and adductor longus mm.)

adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femur

anterior division of the obturator nerve

obturator a., deep femoral a.

oblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4; transverse head: heads of

lateral side of base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe

adducts the great toe (moves it toward midline of the foot; i.e.toward the 2nd

deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve

plantar arterial arch

medial portion of the superior pubic ramus

linea aspera of the femur

adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femur


obturator a., deep femoral a.

adductor magnus

adductor minimus

articularis genu femoral nerve

biceps femoris

extends toes 1-4 dorsalis pedis a.

anterior tibial a.

dorsalis pedis a.

anterior tibial a.

ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity

linea aspera of the femur; the ischiocondylar part inserts on the adductor tubercle

adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femur; extends the femur (ischiocondylar

posterior division of the obturator nerve; tibial nerve (ischiocondylar part)

obturator a., deep femoral a., medial femoral circumflex a.

lower portion of the inferior pubic ramus

gluteal ridge and upper part of the linea aspera of the femur

adducts and laterally rotates the femur

posterior division of the obturator nerve

obturator a., medial femoral circumflex a., deep femoral a.

anterior surface of the femur above the patellar surface

articular capsule of the knee

elevates the articular capsule of the knee joint

descending genicular a.

long head: ischial tuberosity; short head: lateral lip of the linea aspera

head of fibula and lateral condyle of the tibia

extends the thigh, flexes the leg

long head: tibial nerve; short head: common fibular (peroneal) nerve

perforating branches of the deep femoral a.

dorsal interosseous (foot)

shafts of adjacent metatarsal bones

bases of the proximal phalanges for digit 2 (both sides) & digits 3,4 (lateral side)

abduct digits 2-4 (move these digits away from midline as defined by a plane passing through the 2nd digit); flex the metatarsophalangeal joints and extend the


dorsal metatarsal aa.

extensor digitorum brevis

superolateral surface of the calcaneus

extensor expansion of toes 1-4

deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

extensor digitorum longus

lateral condyle of the tibia, anterior surface of the fibula, lateral portion of the interosseous membrane

dorsum of the lateral 4 toes via extensor expansions (central slip inserts on base of middle phalanx,

extends the metatarsophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of the


extensor hallucis brevis

superolateral surface of the calcaneus

dorsum of base of proximal phalanx of the great toe

extends the great toe


extensor hallucis longus

middle half of the anterior surface of the fibula and the interosseous membrane

base of the distal phalanx of the great toe

extends the metatarsophalangeal interphalangeal joints of the great


fibularis (peroneus) brevis

lower one third of the lateral surface of the fibula

tuberosity of the base of the 5th metatarsal

extends (plantar flexes) and everts the foot

superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve

fibular (peroneal) a.

everts the foot anterior tibial a.

lateral plantar a.

tibial nerve tibial a.

medial plantar a.

tibial nerve

gastrocnemius tibial nerve

gemellus, inferior ischial tuberosity inferior gluteal a.

fibularis (peroneus) longus

upper two/thirds of the lateral surface of the fibula

after crossing the plantar surface of the foot deep to the intrinsic muscles, it inserts on the medial cuneiform and the

extends (plantar flexes) and everts the foot

superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve

fibular (peroneal) a.

fibularis (peroneus) tertius

distal part of the anterior surface of the fibula

dorsum of the shaft of the 5th metatarsal bone


flexor digiti minimi brevis (foot)

base of 5th metatarsal bone

lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

flexes the metatarsophalangeal joint of the 5th digit


flexor digitorum brevis

tuberosity of the calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, intermuscular septae

base of the middle phalanx of digits 2-5 after splitting to allow passage of the flexor digitorum longus

flexes the metatarsophalangeal & proximal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5

medial plantar nerve

medial and lateral plantar aa.

flexor digitorum longus

middle half of the posterior surface of the tibia

bases of the distal phalanges of digits 2-5

flexes the metatarsophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-

flexor hallucis brevis

cuboid, lateral cuneiform, medial side of the first metatarsal

medial belly: medial side of proximal phalanx of the great toe; lateral belly: lateral side of the proximal phalanx

flexes the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe

medial plantar nerve (lateral belly occasionally receives innervation from the lateral plantar nerve)

flexor hallucis longus

lower 2/3 of the posterior surface of the fibula

base of the distal phalanx of the great toe

flexes the metatarsophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of the great toe; plantar flexes

fibular (peroneal) a. and tibial a.

femur; medial head: above the medial femoral condyle; lateral head: above the lateral femoral

dorsum of the calcaneus via the calcaneal (Achilles') tendon

flexes leg; plantar flexes foot

sural aa. (from the popliteal a.), posterior tibial a.

obturator internus tendon

laterally rotates the femur

nerve to the quadratus femoris m.

ischial spine inferior gluteal a.

gluteus maximus

gluteus medius superior gluteal a.

gluteus minimus superior gluteal a.

gracilis obturator a.

iliacus femoral nerve iliolumbar a.

iliopsoas iliolumbar a.

inferior gemellus ischial tuberosity inferior gluteal a.

gemellus, superior



nerve to the obturator internus m.posterior gluteal

line, posterior surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous

upper fibers: iliotibial tract; lowermost fibers: gluteal tuberosity of the femur

extends the thigh; laterally rotates the femur

inferior gluteal nerve

superior and inferior gluteal aa.

external surface of the ilium between the posterior and anterior gluteal lines

greater trochanter of the femur

abducts the femur; medially rotates the thigh

superior gluteal nerve

external surface of the ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines

greater trochanter of the femur

abducts the femur; medially rotates the thigh


pubic symphysis and the inferior pubic ramus

medial surface of the tibia (via pes anserinus)

adducts the thigh, flexes and medially rotates the thigh, flexes the leg


iliac fossa and iliac crest; ala of sacrum

lesser trochanter of the femur

flexes the thigh; if the thigh is fixed it flexes the pelvis on the thighiliac fossa; bodies

and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

lesser trochanter of the femur

flexes the thigh; flexes and laterally bends the lumbar vertebral column

branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L2-L4; branches of the obturator internus

tendonlaterally rotates the femur

nerve to the quadratus femoris m.interosseous,

dorsal (foot)shafts of adjacent metatarsal bones

bases of the proximal phalanges for digit 2 (both sides) & digits 3,4 (lateral side)

abduct digits 2-4 (move these digits away from midline as defined by a plane passing through the 2nd digit); flex the metatarsophalangeal joints and extend the


dorsal metatarsal aa.

lumbricals (foot)

obturator nerve obturator a.

obturator internus obturator a.

pectineus

piriformis

interosseous, plantar

base and medial side of metatarsals 3-5

bases of proximal phalanges and extensor expansions of digits 3-5

adduct digits 3-5 (move these digits toward the midline of the foot as defined by a plane through the second digit); flex the metacarpophalangeal and extend


plantar metatarsal aa.

tendons of the flexor digitorum longus

medial side of the extensor expansion of digits 2-5

flex the metatarsophalangeal joint, extend the proximal interphalangeal & distal interphalangeal

medial (1st) lumbrical: medial plantar nerve; lateral three lumbricals: lateral plantar nerve

medial and lateral plantar aa.

obturator externus

the external surface of the obturator membrane and the superior and

trochanteric fossa of the femur

laterally rotates the thigh

the internal surface of the obturator membrane and margin of the obturator foramen

greater trochanter on its medial surface above the trochanteric fossa

laterally rotates and abducts the thigh

nerve to the obturator internus m.

pecten of the pubis

pectineal line of the femur

adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the thigh

femoral nerve and possibly the anterior division of the obturator nerve

medial femoral circumflex a.

peroneus mm. (SEE fibularis mm.) anterior surface

of sacrumupper border of greater trochanter of femur

laterally rotates and abducts thigh

ventral rami of S1-S2

plantar interosseous

base and medial side of metatarsals 3-5

bases of proximal phalanges and extensor expansions of digits 3-5

adduct digits 3-5 (move these digits toward the midline of the foot as defined by the second digit),flex metatarsophalangeal and extend interphalangeal


plantar metatarsal aa.

plantaris tibial nerve popliteal a.

popliteus tibial nerve popliteal a.

psoas major

psoas minor lumbar aa.

quadratus femoris inferior gluteal a.

quadratus plantae lateral plantar a.

femoral nerve

rectus femoris femoral nerve

sartorius femoral nerve

tibial nerve

above the lateral femoral condyle (above the lateral head of gastrocnemius)

dorsum of the calcaneus medial to the calcaneal tendon

flexes the leg; plantar flexes the foot

lateral condyle of the femur

posterior surface of the tibia above soleal line

flexes and rotates the leg medially (with the foot planted, it rotates the thigh bodies and

transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

lesser trochanter of femur (with iliacus) via iliopsoas tendon

flexes the thigh; flexes & laterally bends the lumbar vertebral column

branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L2-L4


bodies of the T12 & L1 vertebrae

iliopubic eminence at the line of junction of the ilium and the superior pubic

flexes & laterally bends the lumbar vertebral column

branches of the ventral primary rams of spinal nerves L1-L2

lateral border of the ischial tuberosity

quadrate line of the femur below the intertrochanteric

laterally rotates the thigh

nerve to the quadratus femoris m.

anterior portion of the calcaneus and the long plantar ligament

tendons of the flexor digitorum longus m.

assists the flexor digitorum longus in flexing the toes


quadriceps femoris

anterior surface of the femur and the anterior side of the medial and lateral

tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament

extends the knee; rectus femoris flexes the thigh

lateral circumflex femoral a., deep femoral a.

straight head: anterior inferior iliac spine; reflected head: above the superior rim of

patella and tibial tuberosity (via the patellar ligament)

extends the leg, flexes the thigh

lateral circumflex femoral a.

anterior superior iliac spine

medial surface of the tibia (pes anserinus)

flexes, abducts and laterally rotates the thigh; flexes leg

lateral femoral circumflex a., saphenous a.

semimembranosus

upper, outer surface of the ischial tuberosity

medial condyle of the tibia



semitendinosus tibial nerve

soleus tibial nerve posterior tibial a.

superior gemellus ischial spine inferior gluteal a.

iliotibial tract superior gluteal a.

tibialis anterior anterior tibial a.

tibialis posterior tibial nerve

patella extends the leg femoral nerve

vastus lateralis extends leg femoral nerve

vastus medialis extends leg femoral nerve

lower, medial surface of ischial tuberosity (common tendon with biceps

medial surface of tibia (via pes anserinus)



posterior surface of head and upper shaft of the fibula, soleal line of the tibia

dorsum of the calcaneus via the calcaneal (Achilles') tendon

plantar flexes the foot



nerve to the obturator internus m.tensor fasciae

lataeanterior part of the iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine

flexes, abducts, and medially rotates the thigh


lateral tibial condyle and the upper lateral surface of the tibia

medial surface of the medial cuneiform and the 1st metatarsal

dorsiflexes and inverts the foot


interosseous membrane, posteromedial surface of the fibula,

tuberosity of the navicular and medial cuneiform, metatarsals 2-4

plantar flexes the foot; inverts the foot

fibular (peroneal) a. and tibial a.

vastus intermedius

anterior and lateral surface of the femur

lateral femoral circumflex a.

lateral intermuscular septum, lateral lip of the linea aspera and the

patella and medial patellar retinaculum

lateral femoral circumflex a., perforating branches of the deep femoral a.medial

intermuscular septum, medial lip of the linea

patella and medial patellar retinaculum

lateral femoral circumflex a.

Muscles of the Back Region - Listed AlphabeticallyNotes

none

the erector spinae m. is separated into 3 columns of muscle: iliocostalis laterally, longissimus in an intermediate position and spinalis medially; each of these columns the most lateral part of the erector spinae; it may be subdivided into lumborum, thoracis and cervicis portionsthese are small and fairly insignificant muscles

these are small and fairly insignificant muscles

the intermediate part of the erector spinae;it may be subdivided into thoracis, cervicis and capitis portionssemispinalis, multifidus and rotatores make up the transversospinal muscle group

greater occipital nerve (DPR of C2) passes superiorly around the inferior margin of the suboccipital triangle is formed by obliquus capitis superior and inferior and rectus capitis posterior major

rectus capitis posterior minor is deeper and inserts more medial than rectus capitis posterior

Muscles of the Upper Limbs - Listed AlphabeticallyNotes

semispinalis, multifidus and rotatores make up the transversospinal muscle group

three parts are named based on their insertions: capitis, cervicis and thoracis; semispinalis, multifidus and rotatores make up most medial part of the erector spinae; may be subdivided into thoracis, cervicis and capitis portionssplenius means bandage; it gets its name from its broad, flat shape

named for its shape: splenius means bandage and capitis refers to the insertion of this portion of the musclenamed for its shape: splenius means bandage and cervicis refers to the insertion of this portion of the muscle

abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, and opponens digiti minimi are located in the hypothenar compartment of the handabductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, and opponens pollicis are located in the thenar compartment of the hand (Latin, pollicis = the

a powerful flexor

the tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis make the lateral border of the anatomical snuffbox (Latin, pollicis deep palmar arch and deep ulnar nerve pass between the two heads of adductor pollicis, which is in the adductor-interosseous compartment (Latin, (Greek, anconeus = elbow)

a powerful supinator only if the elbow is flexed

although brachioradialis is innervated by the nerve for extensors (radial), its primary action is elbow flexion; the neutral position of this muscle is half way between supination and the musculocutaneous nerve passes through the coracobrachialis muscle to reach the other arm flexor mm.(biceps the deltoid muscle is the principle abductor of the arm but due to poor mechanical advantage it cannot initiate this action; it is assisted by

bipennate muscles; remember DAB & PAD - Dorsal interosseous mm. ABduct and Palmar interosseous mm. ADduct - then you can figure out where they must insert to cause these actions (Latin, inter = between + os = bone)works with the extensor carpi radialis longus and flexor carpi radialis in abduction of the hand (Greek, carpi= the wrist)works with the extensor carpi radialis brevis and flexor carpi radialis in abduction of the hand (Greek, carpi= the wrist)works with the flexor carpi ulnaris in adduction of the hand (Greek, carpi= the wrist)

extensor digiti minimi appears to be the ulnar-most portion of extensor digitorum

the extensor expansion inserts via a central band on the base of the middle phalanx, while lateral & medial slips insert on the distal phalanxextensor indicis is a deep forearm extensor, whereas extensor digiti minimi is in the superficial layer of extensors

the tendons of extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus make the lateral border of the anatomical snuffbox, in which the radial arterial pulse can the tendon of extensor pollicis longus hooks around the dorsal radial tubercle; it forms the medial border of the anatomical snuffbox, in which the radial arterial works with the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis mm. to abduct hand (Greek, carpi = the wrist)the ulnar nerve passes between the two heads of origin of the flexor carpi ulnaris m. (Greek, carpi = the wrist)

flexor digiti minimi brevis, abductor digiti minimi, and opponens digiti minimi are in the hypothenar compartment of the handulnar nerve innervates the portion of profundus that acts on digits 4 & 5 (the ulnar 2 digits)

median nerve travels distally in the forearm on the deep surface of the flexor digitorum superficialis m.flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, and opponens pollicis are the three muscles of the thenar compartment of the hand (Latin,

the tendon of flexor pollicis longus passes through the carpal tunnel with the other long digital flexor tendons and the median infraspinatus, supraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis are the rotator cuff bipennate muscles; remember DAB & PAD - Dorsal interosseous mm. ABduct and Palmar interosseous mm. ADduct - then you can figure out where they must insert to cause these actions (Latin, inter = between + os = bone)unipennate muscles; remember PAD & DAB: Palmar interossei ADduct and Dorsal interossei ABduct, and you will be able to figure out where they must insert (Latin, inter = between + os = bone)

the inserting tendon twists so that fibers originating highest insert lowest (Latin, latissimus = broadest)

levator scapulae is named for its action (Latin, levator = to lift)

lumbricals, arise from the profundus tendons and have the same pattern of innervation as does the profundus muscle (ulnar and median nn. split the task opposition is a rotational movement of the 5th metacarpal around the long axis of its shaft; opponens digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi, and flexor digiti minimi brevis are in the opposition is a rotational movement of the 1st metacarpal around the long axis of its shaft; opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, and flexor pollicis brevis are in the thenar unipennate muscles; remember PAD & DAB: Palmar interossei ADduct and Dorsal interossei ABduct, and you will be able to figure out where they must insert (Latin, inter = between + os = bone)

palmaris brevis improves the grasp

palmaris longus is absent in about 13% of forearms; it may be present on one side only

the deep fascia on its anterior surface should not be fused to the fascia of the mammary gland - if it is, this is an important clinical sign indicating breast disease

named for its shape

named for its shape

branches of medial pectoral nerve usually pierce pectoralis minor to reach the pectoralis pronator quadratus is the deepest muscle in the distal forearm; it works with pronator teres and has the same median nerve passes between the two heads of origin of pronator teres

a lesion of long thoracic nerve will cause winging of the scapula (i.e., the medial border of the scapula falls away from the posterior chest wall and looks like an angel's a respiratory muscle, it receives ventral ramus innervation; embryonically related to the intercostal muscles, not the deep back mm. a respiratory muscle, it receives ventral ramus innervation; embryonically related to the intercostal muscles, not the deep back mm. it serves an important protective function - it cushions the subclavian vessels from bone fragments in clavicular subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor are the rotator cuff muscles

Muscles of the Head and Neck - Listed AlphabeticallyNotes

deep radial nerve passes through the supinator to reach the posterior compartment of the forearm

supraspinatus initiates abduction of the arm, then the deltoid muscle completes the action; a member of the rotator teres major inserts beside the tendon of latissimus dorsi, and assists latissimus in its fixes the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa during abduction & flexion of the arm; a member of the rotator named for its shape; trapezius is an example of a muscle that migrates during development from its level of origin (cervical) to its final position, pulling its nerve and long head of the triceps separates the triangular and quadrangular spaces (teres major, teres minor and the humerus are the other boundaries); all three heads of origin insert by a common tendon

a muscle of inspiration; an important landmark of the neck; it is located between the subclavian vein and the subclavian artery; the roots of the brachial plexus pass posterior to it; the phrenic nerve crosses its the mucosa is raised by the underlying aryepiglottic m. to form the aryepiglottic fold

the oblique arytenoid m. lies posterior to the transverse arytenoid m.; the arytenoideus is often considered to be one muscle with oblique and the transverse arytenoid m.lies anterior to the oblique arytenoid m.; the arytenoideus is often considered to be one muscle with oblique and the auricular muscles are derived from the mesenchyme of the second pharyngeal arch, as are the muscles of facial expression

although the buccinator is important in mastication, it is innervated by the buccal branch of the facial nerve and NOT by the buccal nerve from V3 (a sensory nerve) (Latin, chondroglossus is often considered to be part of the hyoglossus muscle

relaxation of the suspensory ligament allows the lens to thicken for accommodation (near

the most external of the three pharyngeal constructor mm.

of the three pharyngeal constrictors, this one is intermediate in both superior/inferior position and depththe most internal of the three pharyngeal constructor mm.

this muscle causes the furrowed brow of the worried look (Latin, corrugator= to wrinkle)an antagonist of the posterior cricoarytenoid m.; the arteries that supply the larynx anastomose within the larynx to supply the mucous membranes and the posterior cricoarytenoid is the only ABductor of the vocal folds; the arteries that supply the larynx anastomose within the larynx to supply the cricopharyngeus represents the lowest fibers of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor; it is continuous with the esophagus below and marks the beginning of itthis is the only intrinsic muscle of the larynx that is not supplied by the recurrent laryngeal n.; ALL other laryngeal muscles are innervated by recurrent laryngeal

a "frown" muscle

none

this muscle is used to bare the lower incisor teeth

depressor septi is considered a part of the nasalis m.

the digastric m. forms two sides of the submandibular triangle; it is formed from mesenchyme derived from the first two pharyngeal arches,

the frontalis and occipitalis muscles are two bellies of the epicranius muscle; also known as: occipitofrontalis m.frontalis is the anterior belly of the epicranius musclean extrinsic muscle of the tongue; XII innervates all tongue muscles except palatoglossus [innervated by vagus (X), as are most of the palate and pharynx muscles]; thyrohyoid and geniohyoid receive ansa cervicalis fibers that travel with the hypoglossal nerve distal an extrinsic muscle of the tongue

a "smile" muscle

clinicians examining the eye will ask the patient to look toward the bridge of the nose to test the function of this muscle

the most external of the three pharyngeal constructor mm.

because this muscle approaches the eyeball from a medial direction, it has a rotational action on the irisan antagonist of the posterior cricoarytenoid m.; the arteries that supply the larynx anastomose within the larynx to supply the mucous membranes and the only one of the muscles of mastication that opens the mouth; the superior head of lateral pterygoid is sometimes called sphenomeniscus due to its insertion into the disc of the loss of function of the abducens nerve will cause the eye to be abducted

levator labii superioris is used to bare the upper incisor teeth, as in a sneer (Latin, levator = to lift + labial = lips)(Latin, levator = to lift + labial = lips)

none

none

fibers inserting into the superior tarsal plate are called superior tarsal muscle and are smooth muscle; lesion of the sympathetic supply causes slight ptosis (drooping of the eyelid) named for its action (Latin, levator = to lift)

a derivative of the fourth pharyngeal arch (Latin, levator = to lift)

an intrinsic muscle of the tongue; longitudinalis has superior and inferior subdivisions that span the length of the tonguean intrinsic muscle of the tongue whose fibers run transversely

an intrinsic muscle of the tongue whose fibers run superoinferiorly

(Greek, masseter = the chewer)

this muscle mirrors the masseter m. in position and action with the ramus of the mandible between the two mm. (Greek, pterygoid = this muscle directly opposes the action of the lateral rectus m.

of the three pharyngeal constrictors, this one is intermediate in both superior/inferior position and deptha muscle of respiration (inspiratory); also called scalenus medius; penetrated by the dorsal scapular n. and long thoracic n. (Greek, the soft palate and uvula resist the upward pressure of the tongue during swallowingthe nerve to mylohyoid also innervates the anterior belly of digastric m.; both muscles are derivatives of the second pharygneal nasalis has two subsidiary parts: nasalis pars alaris and pars transversaa subdivision of the nasalis m. (Latin, pars = a part)a subdivision of the nasalis m. (Latin, pars = a part)the oblique arytenoid m. lies posterior to the transverse arytenoid m.; the arytenoideus is often considered to be one muscle with oblique and clinicians examining the eye will ask the patient to look toward the bridge of the nose to test the function of this muscle

passes through a fibrocartilagenous pulley known as the trochlea; when the eye is adducted, this muscle

the "kissing" muscle

occipitalis is the posterior belly of the epicranius musclethe frontalis and occipitalis muscles are two bellies of the occipitofrontalis muscle; also known as: epicranius m.the intermediate tendon of omohyoid is tethered to the clavicle by a fascial sling

activated involuntarily in the blink reflex; the palpebral part is active in normal blinking and the orbital part is used to forcefully close the

although palatoglossus sounds like a tongue muscle (and would therefore be innervated by XII), it is a palatal palatopharyngeus is part of the inner longitudinal muscle layer of the pharynx

platysma is derived from the mesenchyme of the second pharyngeal arch (Greek, platysma = a flat plate)the posterior cricoarytenoid is the only ABductor of the vocal folds; the arteries that supply the larynx anastomose within the larynx to supply the a muscle of respiration (inspiratory); it is the longest of the scalene muscles (Greek, scalene (Latin, procerus = long and streched out)

none

none

none

none

the only one of the muscles of mastication that opens the mouth; the superior head of lateral pterygoid is sometimes called sphenomeniscus due to its insertion into the disc of the this muscle mirrors the masseter m. in position and action with the ramus of the mandible between the two mm. (Greek, pterygoid =

because this muscle approaches the eyeball from a medial direction, it has a rotational action on the irisloss of function of the abducens nerve will cause the eye to be abductedthis muscle directly opposes the action of the lateral rectus m.because this muscle approaches the eye from a medial position, it causes the iris to rotate mediallyrisorius is active in expressions of mirth (Latin, risorius = to

none

like other muscles of the pharyngeal wall, salpingopharyngeus is derived from the fourth pharyngeal arch

a muscle of inspiration; an important landmark of the neck; it is located between the subclavian vein and the subclavian artery; the roots of the brachial plexus pass posterior to it; the phrenic nerve crosses its a muscle of respiration (inspiratory); also called scalenus medius; penetrated by the dorsal scapular n. and long thoracic n. (Greek, a muscle of respiration (inspiratory); it is the longest of the scalene muscles (Greek, scalene sphenomeniscus is another name for the superior belly of the lateral pterygoid m.

it gets its name from its broad, flat shape (Greek, splenius = a bandage)

entirely enclosed in bone, except for its tendon; a derivative of the second pharyngeal carotid sheath structures lie deep to it

sternohyoid overlies the sternothyroid and thyrohyoid mm.

sternothyroid lies deep to the sternohyoid m.

an extrinsic muscle of the tongue

facial nerve innervates both the stylohyoid m. and the posterior belly of the digastric m. shortly after exiting from the stylomastoid foramenstylopharyngeus, the only muscle innervated by IX, is the only muscle of the pharyngeal wall NOT innervated by the vagus (X) nerve; it is a derivative of the third passes through a fibrocartilagenous pulley known as the trochlea; when the eye is adducted, this muscle the most internal of the three pharyngeal constructor mm.

because this muscle approaches the eye from a medial position, it causes the iris to rotate mediallya powerful chewing muscle; a derivative of the first pharyngeal arch

V3 innervates both tensor muscles of the head (tympani and veli palatini) which are derivatives of the first pharyngeal arch (Latin, remember: V3 innervates both tensor muscles (tympani and veli palatini); ALL other palatal muscles are its subsidiary parts are the thyroepiglottic m. and the vocalis m.; the medial most fibers of thyroarytenoid that insert along the vocal ligament are called the represents the superior fibers of thyroarytenoid muscle which fan out to the quadrangular membrane and epiglottisthyrohyoid lies deep to the sternohyoid

smooth muscle, found in the submucosal layer

the transverse arytenoid m.lies anterior to the oblique arytenoid m.; the arytenoideus is often considered to be one muscle with oblique and the transverse arytenoid m.lies anterior to the oblique arytenoid m.; the arytenoideus is often considered to be one muscle with oblique and

a "smile" muscle

a "smile" muscle

Muscles of the Thoracic Region - Listed AlphabeticallyNotes

represents the innermost fibers of the thyroarytenoid muscle; the cricothyroid m. grossly tenses the vocal ligaments, while the vocalis muscle provides the mechanism for fine

left crus attaches to the L1-L2 vertebral bodies, the right crus attaches to the L1-L3 vertebral bodies

11 in number; they extend from the tubercle of the rib to the costochondral junction; continuous with the external intercostal innermost intercostal mm. have the same fiber direction as the internal intercostal mm., the only difference being that they lie deep to the 11 in number; they extend from the margin of the sternum to the angle of the rib; continuous posteriorly with the internal these are fairly small and insignificant musclessubcostalis, transversus thoracis & innermost intercostal mm. make up the deepest intercostal

Muscles of the Abdominal Region - Listed AlphabeticallyNotes

transversus thoracis, subcostalis & innermost intercostal mm. make up the innermost intercostal muscle layer

the cremaster m. is internal abdominal oblique muscle's contribution to the coverings of the spermatic cord and testis; the cremasteric reflex may be elicited by stroking the medial thigh (where the femoral branch of the the dartos elevates the testis in response to cold (it is modified arrector pili fibers, or the goose-bump muscles) (Latin, dartos = leather)the inguinal ligament is a specialization of the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis; the external spermatic fascia is the external abdominal oblique muscle's contribution to the coverings of the testis and spermatic cord

an inconstant part of the transversus abdominis m. which may be replaced by a ligament (interfoveolar ligament)

anterior fibers of internal abdominal oblique course up and medially, perpendicular to the fibers of external abdominal oblique; the cremaster muscle and fascia is the internal abdominal oblique muscle's contribution to the coverings of the the inguinal ligament is a specialization of the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis; the external spermatic fascia is the external abdominal oblique muscle's contribution to the coverings of the testis and spermatic cord

anterior fibers of internal abdominal oblique course up and medially, perpendicular to the fibers of external abdominal oblique; the cremaster muscle and fascia is the internal abdominal oblique muscle's contribution to the coverings of the the genitofemoral nerve pierces the anterior surface of the psoas major m. (Greek, psoas = the muscles of the absent in 40% of cases (Greek, psoas = the muscles of the loins)

the pyramidalis m. is not always present

Muscles of the Pelvis and Perineum - Listed AlphabeticallyNotes

skeletal muscle

the lateral arcuate ligament of the diaphragm crosses the anterior surface of the quadratus lumborum m.rectus sheath contains rectus abdominis and is formed by the aponeuroses of external and internal oblique and transversus abdominis transversus abdominis muscle does not contribute to the coverings of the spermatic cord and testis; transversalis fascia, the deep fascia that covers the inner surface of the transversus abdominis, forms the internal

skeletal (voluntary) muscle, as contrasted with sphincter ani internus, which is smooth (involuntary) muscle; the external anal sphincter is considered smooth muscle (involuntary), as contrasted with sphincter ani externus, which is skeletal muscle

expels the last drops of urine from urethra; expels semen during ejaculation

coccygeus and levator ani combined form the pelvic diaphragm

superficial and deep transverse perineus muscles are separated by the perineal muscles in the neck of bladder must contract and cause the internal urethral orifice to open before the detruser muscle can void the bladder (Latin, detruser the combination of puborectalis, pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus is called ischiocavernosus m. is closely applied to the surface of the crus penis/clitoristhe combination of puborectalis, pubococcygeus & iliococcygeus is the levator ani m.; coccygeus and levator ani combined form the pelvic levator prostatae is part of the puborectalis m. (Latin, levator = to lift)

the combination of puborectalis, pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus is called the combination of puborectalis, pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus is called the levator ani m.pubovaginalis is part of the levator ani muscle

skeletal (voluntary) muscle, as contrasted with sphincter ani internus, which is smooth (involuntary) muscle; the external anal sphincter is considered

skeletal muscle

skeletal muscle

Muscles of the Lower Limb - Listed AlphabeticallyNotes

smooth muscle (involuntary), as contrasted with sphincter ani externus, which is skeletal muscle

superficial and deep transverse perineus muscles are separated by the perineal superficial and deep transverse perineus muscles are separated by the perineal superficial and deep transverse perineus muscles are separated by the perineal

abductor digiti minimi forms the lateral margin of the sole of the foot

abductor hallucis forms the medial margin of the sole of the foot (Latin, hallex = great toe)anterior and posterior divisions of the obturator nerve lie on the anterior and posterior surfaces of adductor brevisthe plantar arterial arch passes superior to the oblique head of adductor hallucis (Latin, hallex = great toe)the most anterior of the adductor group of muscles

the ischiocondylar part of adductor magnus is a hamstring muscle by embryonic origin and action, so it is innervated adductor minimus m. is the uppermost fibers of the adductor magnus m.

articularis genu is formed by muscle fascicles deep to the vastus intermedius m.one of the "hamstring" muscles

four in number; remember DAB (Dorsal interossei ABduct) and PAD (Plantar interossei ADduct), then logic can tell you where these muscles insert (Latin, inter = between + os = bone)

the part of the extensor digitorum brevis that goes to the great toe is called the extensor one of the muscles involved in anterior compartment syndrome

usually considered to be the medial-most part of the extensor digitorum brevis m. (Latin, hallex = great toe)one of the muscles involved in anterior compartment syndrome (Latin, hallex = great toe)stress fracture of the base of the 5th metatarsal bone is a common runner's injury

none

fibularis longus lies superficial to the fibularis brevis m. in the lateral compartment of the leg

fibularis tertius is in the anterior compartment of the leg, not the lateral compartment (which contains fibularis longus and brevis)

flexor digitorum brevis in the foot is equivalent to the flexor digitorum superficialis m. of the arm

flexor digitorum longus in the leg is equivalent to the flexor digitorum profundus m. of the arm

each tendon of insertion contains a sesamoid bone (Latin, hallex = great toe)

flexor hallucis longus is very important in the "push off" part of the normal gait (Latin, hallex = great toe)

the calcaneal tendon of the gastrocnemius and soleus is the thickest and strongest tendon in the body

gemellus is a Latin word that means "little twin"

gemellus is a Latin word that means "little twin"gluteus maximus is a site of intramuscular injection

the angle at which the gluteus medius tendon approaches the greater trochanter of the femur is anterior to the axis of rotation of the thigh, resulting in medial the angle at which the gluteus minimus tendon approaches the greater trochanter of the femur is anterior to the axis of rotation of the thigh, resulting in medial the pes anserinus is the common insertion of the gracilis, sartorius, and semitendinosus mm. (Latin, pes anserinus = goose's foot; gracilis = inserts in company with the psoas major m. via the iliopsoas tendon

a combination of the iliacus and psoas major mm.

Latin, gemellus = little twinfour in number; remember DAB (Dorsal interossei ABduct) and PAD (Plantar interossei ADduct), then logic can tell you where these muscles insert (Latin, inter = between + os = bone)

remember PAD (Plantar interossei ADduct) and DAB (Dorsal interossei ABduct), and logic will tell you where these muscles must insert (Latin, inter = between + os = bone)

the lumbricals of the foot have the same action on the toes that the lumbricals in the hand have on the fingers (Latin, lumbricus = earthworm)the tendon of the obturator externus m. passes inferior to the neck of the femur to reach its insertion sitethe obturator internus m. leaves the pelvis by passing through the lesser sciatic foramen; the superior and inferior gemellus mm. insert on pectineus often has a dual innervation

peroneus is the old terminology used for the fibularis mm.piriformis leaves the pelvis by passing through the greater sciatic foramenremember PAD (Plantar interossei ADduct) and DAB (Dorsal interossei ABduct), and logic will tell you where these muscles must insert (Latin, inter = between + os = bone)

plantaris has a long slender tendon that is equivalent to the tendon of the palmaris longus m. of the arm; its tendon is often called the "freshman nerve" because it is often has a round tendon of origin; popliteus unlocks the knee joint to initiate flexion of the leg

the genitofemoral nerve pierces the anterior surface of the psoas major m. (Latin, psoas = the muscles of the loins)absent in 40% of cases (Latin, psoas = the muscles of the loins)

the nerve to the quadratus femoris m. also innervates the inferior gemellus m.the quadratus plantae m. changes the line of force of the flexor digitorum longus m. to bring it in line with the long axis of the foot (Latin, composed of 4 muscles: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius and vastus medialisrectus femoris is part of the quadriceps femoris muscle

its actions put the lower limb in the traditional cross-legged seated position of a tailor (Latin, sartorius = tailor)one of the "hamstring" muscles

pes anserinus is the common insertion for the gracilis, sartorius, and semitendinosus mm.

soleus and the 2 heads of gastrocnemius are sometimes called the triceps surae muscle

Latin, gemellus = little twintensor fascia latae redirects the rotational forces of the gluteus maximus m.acts as both an antagonist (dorsiflexion/plantar flexion) and a synergist (inversion) of the tibialis acts as both an antagonist (dorsiflexion/plantar flexion) and a synergist (inversion) of the tibialis vastus intermedius is part of the quadriceps femoris muscle (Latin, vastus = huge)vastus lateralis is part of the quadriceps femoris muscle (Latin, vastus = huge)

vastus medialis is part of the quadriceps femoris muscle (Latin, vastus = huge)

Nerves of the Body - Listed AlphabeticallyNerve Source Branches Motor Sensory

abducens none

accessory none

infraorbital n. dental plexus none


maxillary n. dental plexus none

anococcygeal n. none

ansa cervicalis none

none

none

radial n. none

temporalis m.

pons: abducens nucleus

no named branches

GSE: lateral rectus m.

cranial root: medulla - nucleus ambiguus; spinal root: spinal nucleus of the upper

no named branches

GSE: sternocleidomastoid and trapezius mm.

alveolar, anterior superior

maxillary canine and incisor teeth and gingiva; alveolar,

inferiormandibular division of the trigeminal n.(V3)

n. to mylohyoid; inferior dental plexus; mental nerve

mylohyoid muscle and anterior belly of the digastric m. via n. to

teeth of the mandible; skin of the chin

alveolar, middle superior

maxillary premolar teeth and gingiva; maxillary sinusalveolar,

posterior superior

maxillary molar teeth and gingiva; maxillary sinuscoccygeal

plexus (S4-C1)no named branches

skin overlying the coccyx

superior root (C1 and C2) and inferior root (C2 and C3) of the ansa cervicalis

to infrahyoid muscles

omohyoid m., sternohyoid m., sternothyroid m., thyrohyoid m., geniohyoid m.antebrachial

cutaneous, lateral

musculocutaneous n.

anterior and posterior branches

skin of the lateral side of the forearm

antebrachial cutaneous, medial

medial cord of the brachial plexus

no named branches

skin of the medial side of the forearmantebrachial

cutaneous, posterior

inferior lateral brachial cutaneous n.

skin of the lateral distal arm and posterior anterior deep

temporal n.mandibular division of the trigeminal n.

no named branches

no cutaneous branches

nasociliary n. none

femoral

median n. none

ilioinguinal n. none

none


axillary n.

none

anterior ethmoidal n.

internal & external nasal brs.

mucous membrane lining the anterior ethmoid air cells and upper anterior part of the nasal cavity;

anterior femoral cutaneous n.

no named branches

sympathetic motor innervation to

skin of the anterior thigh

anterior interosseous n.

no named branches

flexor pollicis longus m., radial half of flexor digitorum profundus m., pronator anterior labial

n.no named branches

skin of the anterior aspect of the labium majusanterior scrotal

n.anterior cutaneous br. of the ilioinguinal

no named branches

skin of the anterior aspect of the scrotumanterior

superior alveolar n.

maxillary canine and incisor teeth and gingiva; aorticorenal

ganglionpreganglionic sympathetic via the lesser thoracic splanchnic n.

brs. to the renal plexus

vascular smooth muscle of the brs. of the renal aa.

pain from the kidney, suprarenal gland, upper ureterauriculotempor

al n.mandibular division of the trigeminal n. (V3)

parotid brs., articular brs., anterior auricular brs.

secretomotor to the parotid gland by carrying postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the otic ganglion; [preganglionic parasympathetic fibers

skin of anterior ear and the skin anterosuperior to the ear; part of the external auditory meatus; temporomandibular joint

posterior cord of the brachial plexus

superior lateral brachial cutaneous

deltoid, teres minor

skin of the upper lateral armbrachial

cutaneous, inferior lateral

radial n. via its posterior antebrachial cutaneous be.

no named branches

skin of the lateral side of the distal arm

none

radial none

brachial plexus

facial n. (VII)

C1 spinal n. none

C2 spinal n.

brachial cutaneous, medial


no named branches

skin of the medial side of the armbrachial

cutaneous, posterior

no named branches

skin of the posterior arm

ventral primary rami of C5-8 and T1

dorsal scapular, long thoracic, n. to subclavius, suprascapular, lateral and medial pectoral, medial brachial and antebrachial cutaneous, upper, middle and lower subscapular,

muscles of the upper limb, excluding trapezius

skin of the upper limb

buccal branch of the trigeminal n.

mandibular division of the trigeminal n. (V3)

no named branches

no motor branches

skin of the cheek, mucosa lining the cheek

buccal branches of the facial n.

no sensory branches

zygomaticus major & minor, buccinator, orbicularis oris, levator anguli oris, levator labii superioris & alaque nasi,

no sensory branches

C1 ventral primary ramus

contributes to the superior root of the ansa cervicalis; brs. to: rectus capitis anterior and lateralis mm., longus

rectus capitis anterior and lateralis, longus capitis, omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid,


contributes to: superior and inferior roots of the ansa cervicalis, lesser occipital n., great auricular n., transverse cervical n.; brs.

omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, longus capitis and longus colli

skin behind the ear and on the neck below the mandible; proprioception from the sternocleidomastoid m.

C3 spinal n.

C4 spinal n.

C5 spinal n.

C6 spinal n.

C7 spinal n.

C8 spinal n.

cardiac plexus


contributes to: inferior root of the ansa cervicalis, great auricular n., transverse cervical n., supraclavicular nn., phrenic n.; brs. to: longus capitis & colli,

omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, longus capitis & colli, scalenus medius, levator scapulae, respiratory diaphragm

skin of the anterolateral neck; proprioception from the sternocleidomastoid m. and the trapezius m


contributes to: supraclavicular nn., phrenic n.; brs. to: longus colli, scalenus medius, levator scapulae,

longus colli, scalenus medius, levator scapulae, respiratory diaphragm

skin of the root of the neck and the upper shoulder; proprioception from the trapezius m.


contributes to: phrenic n., long thoracic n.

respiratory diaphragm, scalene mm., muscles of the shoulder and

skin of the ventral arm and ventral forearm


contributes to: long thoracic n.

scalene mm., muscles of the lower shoulder and arm

skin of the lateral side of the upper limb


contributes to: long thoracic n.

muscles of the lower shoulder, arm forearm

skin of the posterior side of the upper limbC8 ventral

primary ramusno named branches

muscles of the forearm and hand

skin of the medial side of the upper limbcardiac brs. of

the vagus n. and cervical sympathetic trunk; thoracic visceral nn.

no named branches

moderates heart muscle (parasympathetic: decreases rate and force of contraction; sympathetic: increases rate and force of contraction); vascular smooth muscle of the heart & lungs (sympathetic); smooth muscle

pain from the heart and lungs

cardiac, vagal vagus n. (X)

none

none

none

none

cardiac, sympathetic

cervical sympathetic trunk

no named branches

heart (sympathetic: increases rate and force of contraction, parasympathetic: decreases rate and force of contraction);

heart, bronchial tree and lungs

no named branches

heart (parasympathetic: decreases rate and force of contraction; sympathetic: increases rate and force of contraction);

heart, bronchial tree and lungs

carotid body, n. to

glossopharyngeal n. (IX)

no named branches

sensory receptors in the carotid body and carotid carotid plexus,

externalsuperior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk, via the

distributes along the brs. of the external carotid artery

vascular smooth muscle, arrector pili muscles, sweat glands of face & carotid plexus,

internalsuperior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk, via the internal carotid n.

most distribute along the brs. of the internal carotid artery, although the deep petrosal n. is an exception because it runs a short course independent of

vascular smooth muscle of the brain, orbit, forehead, upper nasal cavity; arrector pili muscles of forehead and anterior scalp; sweat glands of

carotid, external

superior cervical sympathetic ganglion

contributes to the external carotid plexus

vascular smooth muscle of the internal carotid system of vessels; sweat glands, arrector pili mm. of the

carotid, internal none

celiac ganglion

cervical plexus

facial (VII) none


contributes to the internal carotid plexus

vascular smooth muscle of the external carotid system of vessels; sweat glands, arrector pili mm. of the skin of the face

preganglionic sympathetic axons arrive via the greater thoracic splanchnic n.

postganglionic sympathetic axons distribute via the celiac plexus along brs. of the

vascular smooth muscle of the brs. of the celiac trunk

pain from the stomach, liver & biliary system, spleen, upper half of the duodenum ventral primary

rami of spinal nerves C1-C4

brs. to: longus colli & capitis, sternocleidomastoid m., trapezius m., levator scapulae m., scalenus medius m., rectus capitis anterior and lateralis mm.; superior & inferior root of the ansa cervicalis, n. to the thyrohyoid m., n. to the geniohyoid m., lesser occipital n., great auricular n., transverse cervical n., supraclavicular

longus colli & capitis mm., rectus capitis anterior & lateralis mm., infrahyoid mm., thyrohyoid m., geniohyoid m., respiratory diaphragm

skin of the anterolateral neck; skin of the ear and skin behind the ear

cervicofacial division

buccal br., marginal mandibular br., cervical br.

muscles of facial expression of the lower part of the face;

chorda tympani facial (VII)

ciliary ganglion none

ciliary, long nasociliary none eyeball (GSA)ciliary, short eyeball (GSA)

cluneal, inferior none

cluneal, middle none

none


none

cochlear n. none hearing (SSA)

no named branches

secretomotor to the submandibular and sublingual glands (it carries preganglionic parasympatheti

taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

preganglionic parasympathetic axons arrive via the inferior division of the oculomotor n.

postganglionic parasympathetic axons which distribute via short ciliary nn.

sphincter pupillae m., ciliary m. of the eye

no named ciliary ganglion: sensory root - from the nasociliary n. (a branch of V1); sympathetic root - from the internal carotid plexus; parasympathetic root - from the

multiple short ciliary nn. which leave the ciliary ganglion anteriorly

sphincter pupillae & ciliary mm. (parasympathetic), dilator pupillae (sympathetic)

posterior femoral cutaneous n.

no named branches

skin of the lower part of the buttocklateral

cutaneous branches of the dorsal primary rami of spinal

no named branches

skin of the intermediate medial portion of the buttock

cluneal, superior

lateral cutaneous branches of the dorsal primary rami of spinal

no named branches

skin of the superomedial portion of the buttock

coccygeal plexus

ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S4, S5,

skin of the region overlying the coccyxcoccygeus m.,

n. tosacral plexus (brs. of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S3-S4)

no named branches

coccygeus m., levator ani m.

vestibulocochle no named

sciatic n.

1st lumbrical m.

collateral ganglia

splanchnic nn. (thoracic, lumbar)

plexuses to abdominal & pelvic viscera

smooth muscle in blood vessels supplying the abdominopelvic viscera

pain from the abdominopelvic viscera

common fibular n.

lateral sural cutaneous n., superficial and deep fibular nn.

superficial fibular n.: muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg (fibularis longus and brevis mm.); deep fibular n.: muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg (tibialis anterior m., extensor hallucis longus m., extensor digitorum longus m.,

superficial fibular n.: distal 1/3 of the anterior surface of the leg, dorsum of the foot excluding the web between the great toe and the 2nd toe and distal interphalangeal segments of all toes; deep fibular n.: skin of the web between the great toe and the 2nd toe

common palmar digital nn.

median n.; superficial br. of the ulnar n.

proper palmar digital nn.

sympathetic motor to the skin; motor nn. to the 1st & 2nd lumbrical mm. are carried on common palmar digital brs. of

skin of the palmar surfaces of the adjacent sides of two digits

common plantar digital nn.

medial plantar n. (1st-3rd); superficial br. of the lateral plantar n. (4th)

proper plantar digital nn.

skin of the plantar surface of the toes (except the medial side of the great toe and the lateral

cranial nn.

deep fibular n.

deep petrosal n. none

deep radial n. radial n.

nuclei located in the brain, branistem and upper cervical spinal cord

12 pairs: olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal

eye muscles, muscles of mastication, middle ear, face, tongue, pharynx, larynx, most suprahyoid muscles, sternocleidomastoid m., trapezius m., smooth muscle of the gut, cardiac muscle, bronchial

smell, vision, taste, hearing, balance, general sensation form the skin of the face, sense from viscera of the head, neck, thorax and abdomen (proximal to the splenic flexure)

common fibular n.

one proper digital br.

muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg (tibialis anterior m., extensor hallucis longus m., extensor digitorum longus m., fibularis tertius m.) and muscles of the dorsum

skin of the web between the great toe and the 2nd toe

internal carotid plexus

no named branches

vascular smooth muscle of the mucous membranes of the lower nasal cavity, maxillary sinus

posterior interosseous n.

extensor carpi radialis brevis m., supinator m., extensor digitorum m., extensor digiti minimi m., abductor pollicis longus m., extensor pollicis longus


facial n. (VII) none

1st lumbrical m.

digital, dorsal radial n.

ulnar n. dorsal digital

dorsal digital n. radial n.

digastric m., posterior belly, n. to

no named branches

posterior belly of the digastric m.digital, common

palmarmedian n.; superficial br. of the ulnar n.




digital, common plantar




no named branches

sympathetic motor innervation to skin

dorsal skin of the lateral 3 1/2 digits, except the nail beddigital, proper

palmarcommon palmar digital branches of the median n.; common palmar digital branches of the superficial br. of the ulnar n.

no named branches

sympathetic motor to the skin

median: palmar skin and nail bed of digits 1-3 and the lateral side of 4th digit; ulnar: palmar and dorsal skin on medial side of the 4th digit

digital, proper plantar

common plantar digital; medial plantar n. (to the medial side of the great toe); superficial br. of the lateral plantar n. (to the lateral side

no named branches

flexor hallucis brevis m. (from the proper plantar digital n. on the medial side of the great toe)

skin of the plantar surface of the toes and dorsal surface of the distal interphalangeal segment

dorsal branch of the ulnar n.


skin of the dorsal surface of the medial 1 1/2 digits; skin of the medial side of the back no named

branchessympathetic motor innervation to skin

dorsal skin of the lateral 3 1/2 digits, except the nail bed

pudendal n.

pudendal n.

numerous

dorsal root none none

dorsal rootlets dorsal rootlets none one dermatome

none

nasociliary n. none

dorsal n., of the clitoris

no named branches


skin of the shaft of the clitoris

dorsal n., of the penis

no named branches


skin of the shaft of the penis

dorsal primary ramus

first branch off of the dorsal side of the spinal nerve

to the deep back mm.; sympathetic innervation to the skin

general sense (touch, pressure, pain, heat, cold, etc.) to the skin of from the dorsal

horn of the spinal cord to the spinal nerve

general sense (touch, pressure, pain, heat, cold, etc.)dorsal root

ganglion

dorsal scapular n.

brachial plexus (br. of C5 ventral primary ramus)

no named branches

rhomboideus major and minor mm.; levator scapulae esophageal

plexusright and left vagus (X) nn.; thoracic visceral brs. of the sympathetic trunk

anterior and posterior vagal trunks

preganglionic parasympathetic axons from the vagus n. supply smooth muscle and glands of the thoracic esophagus and abdominal gut and its derivatives proximal to the left colic flexure; postganglionic sympathetic axons from the

vagus: GVA from the esophagus and abdominal gut proximal to the left colic flexure; thoracic visceral brs.carry pain from the esophagus

ethmoidal, anterior

internal & external nasal brs.

mucous membrane lining the anterior ethmoid air cells and upper anterior part of the nasal cavity;

nasociliary n. none

none

none

facial n.

femoral

ethmoidal, posterior

no named branches

mucous membrane lining the posterior ethmoid air external carotid

n.superior cervical sympathetic ganglion

contributes to the external carotid plexus

vascular smooth muscle of the internal carotid system of vessels; sweat glands, arrector pili mm. of the

external carotid plexus

superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk, via the


vascular smooth muscle, arrector pili muscles, sweat glands of face & pons and

medulla: nucleus solitarius of medulla via nervus intermedius (SVA sensory root) from geniculate ganglion; superior salivatory nucleus (GVE preganglionic parasympathetic) of pons via nervus intermedius; facial motor nucleus of pons via motor root

greater petrosal n. (preganglionic parasympathetic to pterygopalatine ganglion, postganglionic parasympathetic travels with brs. of maxillary division of V), chorda tympani (SVA taste from anterior 2/3 of the tongue; preganglionic parasympathetic to the submandibular ganglion, postganglionic parasympathetic to the submandibular and sublingual glands), n. to stapedius, posterior auricular n.,

stapedius m., stylohyoid m., posterior belly of digastric m., muscles of facial expression; secretomotor to lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual, and mucous glands of the nasal and oral cavities

taste (SVA) from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue; part of the skin of the external auditory meatus

femoral cutaneous, anterior

no named branches


skin of the anterior thigh

femoral

fibular, common sciatic n.

fibular, deep

femoral cutaneous, lateral

lumbar plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L2-L3)

anterior & posterior brs.


skin of the lateral thigh

femoral cutaneous, posterior

sacral plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S1-S3)

inferior cluneal nn.; perineal br.


skin of the lower buttock & posterior thigh

lumbar plexus (ventral primary rami of L2-L4)

anterior femoral cutaneous brs., nn. to anterior thigh muscles, saphenous n.

sartorius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis,

skin of anterior thigh, medial leg, & medial foot

lateral sural cutaneous n., superficial and deep fibular nn.

superficial fibular n.: muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg (fibularis longus and brevis mm.); deep fibular n.: muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg (tibialis anterior m., extensor hallucis longus m., extensor digitorum longus m.,

superficial fibular n.: distal 1/3 of the anterior surface of the leg, dorsum of the foot excluding the web between the great toe and the 2nd toe and distal interphalangeal segments of all toes; deep fibular n.: skin of the web between the great toe and the 2nd toe

common fibular n.

one proper digital br.

muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg (tibialis anterior m., extensor hallucis longus m., extensor digitorum longus m., fibularis tertius m.) and muscles of the dorsum

skin of the web between the great toe and the 2nd toe

frontal none

none

splanchnic nn.

none

fibular, superficial

common fibular n.

medial dorsal cutaneous n. to the medial side of the foot; dorsal digital nn. to the lateral 3 toes

muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg (fibularis longus and brevis mm.)

distal 1/3 of the anterior surface of the leg; dorsum of the foot excluding the skin of the web between the great toe and the 2nd toe and the distal

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal n. (V1)

supraorbital n., supratrochlear n.

skin of the forehead and the medial part of the upper eyelid; mucous membrane of ganglia,

collateralsplanchnic nn. (thoracic, lumbar)

plexuses to abdominal & pelvic viscera

smooth muscle in blood vessels supplying the abdominopelvic viscera

pain from the abdominopelvic viscera

ganglia, myenteric

preganglionic parasympathetic via anterior and posterior vagal trunks (gut proximal to the left colic flexure) and pelvic splanchnic nn.

postganglionic parasympathetic via many short fibers

smooth muscle of the gut wall

ganglia, preaortic

plexuses to abdominal and pelvic viscera

vascular smooth muscle of vessels that supply abdominopelvic

pain from abdominopelvic viscera

ganglia, submucosal of the gut

preganglionic parasympathetic arrive via branches of the anterior and posterior vagal trunks (gut proximal to the left colic flexure) and pelvic


secretomotor to glands in the mucosa of the gut

ganglion, celiac

ganglion, ciliary none

dorsal rootlets dorsal rootlets none one dermatome

none

ganglion, otic none

ganglia, sympathetic chain

preganglionic sympathetic fibers arrive via white rami communicantes of ventral primary rami of spinal nerves T1-L2

postganglionic sympathetic fibers depart via gray rami communicantes to all spinal nn.; internal & external carotid nn.; cervical cardiac brs.; thoracic direct visceral brs.; greater, lesser & least thoracic

dilator pupillae, vascular smooth muscle, arrector pili muscles, sweat glands, suprarenal medulla, heart, lungs and gut

pain from viscera

preganglionic sympathetic axons arrive via the greater thoracic splanchnic n.

postganglionic sympathetic axons distribute via the celiac plexus along brs. of the

vascular smooth muscle of the brs. of the celiac trunk

pain from the stomach, liver & biliary system, spleen, upper half of the duodenum preganglionic

parasympathetic axons arrive via the inferior division of the oculomotor n.

postganglionic parasympathetic axons which distribute via short ciliary nn.

sphincter pupillae m., ciliary m. of the eye

ganglion, dorsal root

ganglion, geniculate

facial n. (VII) (chorda tympani branch)

nervus intermedius (SVA sensory root of facial n.)

taste (SVA) from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

ganglion, inferior mesenteric

preganglionic sympathetic axons from the intermesenteric plexus and the 2nd lumbar splanchnic n.

contributes to the inferior mesenteric plexus; contributes to the superior hypogastric

vascular smooth muscle of brs. of the inferior mesenteric a.

pain from descending colon and sigmoid colon; pain from upper rectum

preganglionic parasympathetic via the lesser petrosal, from the tympanic n. of the glossopharynge

postganglionic parasympathetic axons distribute with the parotid brs. of the auriculotempor

secretomotor to the parotid gland

none

none

ganglion, spiral none hearing (SSA)

pain from lungs

none

ganglion, pterygopalatine

preganglionic parasympathetic axons arrive via the n. of the pterygoid canal from greater petrosal n. of the facial n (VII); postganglionic sympathetic axons arrive via

postganglionic parasympathetic axons distribute via the greater & lesser palatine nn., nasopalatine n., sphenopalatine n. and zygomatic n.

secretomotor to: mucous glands of the palate, nasal cavity, lacrimal gland

ganglion, semilunar

ophthalmic (V1) , maxillary (V2) and mandibular (V3) divisions of the trigeminal n.

sensory fibers depart via the trigeminal n. (V)

skin of the face, mucous membranes of the nasal and oral cavities, mucous membrane of the anterior

fibers of the cochlear hair cells

cochlear n. portion of the vestibulocochlear n. (VIII)ganglion,

stellateneurons in the intermediolateral cell column of spinal cord level T1

gray rami communicans to spinal nerves C8 and T1 (postganglionic sympathetic); thoracic visceral br.

vascular smooth muscle, arrector pili muscle, sweat glands of the C8 & T1 cutaneous distribution on chest & upper limb (C8 and T1 dermatomes); vascular smooth

ganglion, submandibular

preganglionic parasympathetic axons from the chorda tympani (accompanying the lingual n. from the mandibular

postganglionic parasympathetic axons distribute either directly, or with branches of the lingual n. to the submandibular and sublingual

secretomotor to the submandibular and sublingual glands and the small glands of the lingual mucosa

none

geniohyoid m. none

cremaster m.

gluteal, inferior none

none

none none

ganglion, superior mesenteric

preganglionic sympathetic axons from the celiac plexus

contributes to the superior mesenteric and intermesenteric plexuses

vascular smooth muscle of brs. of the superior mesenteric a.

pain from the lower half of the pancreas and duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon

geniculate ganglion

facial n. (VII) (chorda tympani branch)

nervus intermedius (SVA sensory root of facial n.)

taste (SVA) from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

geniohyoid m., n. to

C1 fibers from the superior root of the ansa cervicalis

no named branches

genitofemoral n.


genital br., femoral br.

skin of the anterior scrotum/labia majora & upper medial thighglossopharynge

al n.medulla: spinal trigeminal nucleus from the superior ganglion (GVA); nucleus solitarius from the inferior ganglion (SVA); nucleus ambiguus (GVA); inferior salivatory

tympanic nerve to the tympanic plexus and lesser petrosal n., carotid sinus n., stylopharyngeus brs., pharyngeal brs.

GSE: stylopharyngeus; GVE: secretomotor to the parotid gland (preganglionic parasympathetic via the tympanic n. to the lesser petrosal n. to the otic

GVA: carotid body, carotid sinus, pharynx, middle ear; GSA: skin of the external ear; SVA: taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

sacral plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L5, S1-

no named branches

gluteus maximus m.

gluteal, superior

sacral plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L4-L5,

superior & inferior brs.

gluteus medius m., gluteus minimus m., tensor fasciae gray ramus

communicanscell bodies located in the sympathetic chain ganglia

carries postganglionic sympathetic axons to the spinal nerve; spinal nerve will carry those axons

none

none

facial (VII) none

hypogastric n.

great auricular n.

cervical plexus (contributions from the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves C2&C3)

mastoid n., auricular n.

skin of the ear and skin below the ear

greater occipital n.

dorsal primary ramus of spinal nerve C2 (medial br.)

no named branches

posterior neck muscles

skin of the posterior surface of the scalpgreater palatine

n.maxillary division of the trigeminal n. (V2)

posterior inferior lateral nasal brs.

mucous membrane of the inferior part of the lateral nasal wall; mucosa of the greater petrosal

n.no named branches

secretomotor (preganglionic parasympathetic) to: lacrimal gland, mucous glands of the lower nasal cavity,

greater thoracic splanchnic n.

neurons in the intermediolateral cell column of spinal cord levels T5-T9; the greater thoracic splanchnic nerve appears to arise by multiple

no named branches

celiac ganglion; preganglionic fibers supply the adrenal medulla which releases epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood

pain from the abdominal viscera

superior hypogastric plexus

inferior hypogastric plexus

supplies vascular smooth muscle of the pelvic viscera

pain from the pelvic viscera

hypogastric plexus, inferior

hypogastric nn. and sacral splanchnic nn. (postganglionic sympathetic axons); pelvic splanchnic nn. (preganglionic parasympathetic axons from the ventral

contributes branches to: uterine/vaginal plexus, vesical plexus, prostatic plexus

sympathetic: supplies vascular smooth muscle of vessels supplying the pelvic viscera; parasympathetic: supplies smooth muscle of the pelvic

pain from the pelvic viscera; general visceral afferent from the pelvic viscera

hypoglossal n. none

ilioinguinal n.

none

hypogastric plexus, superior

intermesenteric plexus and lumbar splanchnic nn. (postganglionic

hypogastric nn. (right and left)

vascular smooth muscle of the pelvic viscera (sympathetic)

pain from the pelvic viscera; general visceral afferent from the pelvic medulla:

hypoglossal nucleus

no named branches; branches of the ventral primary ramus of spinal nerve C1 are carried by this nerve and are not considered

intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue (except the palatoglossus m.)

iliohypogastric n.

lumbar plexus (ventral primary ramus of spinal nerve L1)

lateral and anterior cutaneous brs.

muscles of the lower abdominal wall

skin of the lower abdominal wall, upper hip and lumbar plexus

(ventral primary ramus of spinal nerve L1)

anterior cutaneous br. (also known as: anterior labial/scrotal n.)

muscles of the lower abdominal wall

skin of the lower abdominal wall and anterior scrotum/labium majusinferior alveolar

n.mandibular division of the trigeminal n.(V3)

n. to mylohyoid; inferior dental plexus; mental nerve

mylohyoid muscle and anterior belly of the digastric m. via n. to

teeth of the mandible; skin of the chin

inferior gluteal n.

sacral plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L5, S1-

no named branches

gluteus maximus m.


hypogastric nn. and sacral splanchnic nn. (postganglionic sympathetic axons); pelvic splanchnic nn. (preganglionic parasympathetic axons from the ventral




none

none

pudendal n. skin of the anus

inferior laryngeal n.

recurrent laryngeal br. of the vagus n. (X)

no named branches

all intrinsic muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid; those muscles are: thyroarytenoid, oblique and transverse arytenoid, posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid, aryepiglottic, thyroepiglottic,

mucous membrane of the larynx below the vocal fold


radial n. via its posterior antebrachial cutaneous be.

no named branches

skin of the lateral side of the distal arm

inferior mesenteric ganglion





inferior mesenteric plexus

intermesenteric plexus

multiple unnamed nn. course along the branches of the inferior mesenteric a.

sympathetic: smooth muscle of the vessels supplying the descending colon, sigmoid colon and

pain from the descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum

inferior oblique, nerve to

inferior branch of the oculomotor n.

parasympathetic root to the ciliary ganglion

preganglionic parasympathetic supply to the ciliary ganglion for innervation of the sphincter pupillae m. and ciliary m.;

inferior rectal no named external anal

infraorbital n. none

none

intercostal n.

none

none

maxillary division of the trigeminal n.(V2)

middle alveolar n., anterior superior alveolar n.

mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus; upper premolar, canine and incisor teeth; maxillary gingiva; skin of

infratrochlear n.

nasociliary br. of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal n. (V1)

no named branches

skin and conjunctiva of the medial upper and lower eyelids; skin of the ventral primary

rami of spinal nerves T1-T11

lateral & anterior cutaneous brs.

intercostal muscles; abdominal wall muscles (via T7-T11); muscles of the forearm

skin of the chest and abdomen anterolaterally; skin of the medial side of intercostobrach

ial n.also known as the lateral cutaneous br. of the ventral primary ramus

no named branches


skin of the medial side of the arm

intermediate supraclavicular n.

cervical plexus (C3&C4)

no named branches

skin of the root of the neck and upper chest, near the mid-intermesenteric

plexuslumbar splanchnic nn. 1 and 2

renal, testicular (or ovarian) and ureteric brs.

sympathetic: smooth muscle of vessels supplying the gut distal to the left colic flexure


internal carotid n.


contributes to the internal carotid plexus

vascular smooth muscle of the external carotid system of vessels; sweat glands, arrector pili mm. of the skin of the face

none

median n. none

deep radial n. none

labial, anterior ilioinguinal n. none

labial, posterior none

lacrimal n.

internal carotid plexus

superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk, via the internal carotid n.



interosseous, anterior

no named branches

flexor pollicis longus m., radial half of flexor digitorum profundus m., pronator interosseous,

posteriorno named branches

some authors say none, others say the deep posterior forearm no named

branchesskin of the anterior aspect of the labium majusperineal n. (a

branch of the pudendal n.)

no named branches

skin of the posterior aspect of the labium majusophthalmic

division of the trigeminal n. (V1)

no named branches

carries secretomotor axons to the lacrimal gland

skin of the lateral portion of the upper eye lid and its associated laryngeal,

inferiorrecurrent laryngeal br. of the vagus n. (X)

no named branches

all intrinsic muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid; those muscles are: thyroarytenoid, oblique and transverse arytenoid, posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid, aryepiglottic, thyroepiglottic,

mucous membrane of the larynx below the vocal fold

vagus n. (X)

vagus n. (X)

none

tibial n.

none

none

laryngeal, recurrent

esophageal brs., tracheal brs., cardiac brs., pharyngeal brs., inferior laryngeal n.

upper esophagus, lower pharynx, laryngeal mm. (except cricopharyngeus); smooth muscle of the trachea; secretomotor to mucosal glands in the upper esophagus, lower pharynx, larynx below

upper esophagus, lower pharynx, larynx below the vocal folds, GVA from heart

laryngeal, superior

internal br., external br.

cricothyroid m., inferior pharyngeal constrictor m.; secretomotor to mucosal glands of the larynx above the vocal

mucous membrane of the larynx above the vocal folds

lateral antebrachial cutaneous

musculocutaneous n.

anterior and posterior branches


lateral femoral cutaneous n.


anterior & posterior brs.


skin of the lateral thigh

lateral pectoral n.

lateral cord of the brachial plexus

no named branches

pectoralis major m.


lateral plantar n.

superficial and deep branches

quadratus plantae m., abductor digiti minimi m., flexor digiti minimi brevis m., lateral 3 lumbrical mm., adductor

skin of the lateral side of the plantar surface of the foot; skin of the plantar surface of the lateral 1 1/2 toes (and the nail bed of

lateral supraclavicular n.


no named branches

skin of the root of the neck and upper shoulder

lateral sural cutaneous n.

common fibular n.

fibular communicating br.

skin of the lateral side of the leg

renal plexus

none

none

otic ganglion none

lingual n. none

long ciliary n. nasociliary none eyeball (GSA)long thoracic n.

lumbar n.

least thoracic splanchnic n.

neurons in the intermediolateral cell column of spinal cord level T12

no named branches

pain from the kidney and suprarenal gland

lesser occipital n.

ventral primary ramus of spinal nerve C2

no named branches

skin behind the ear

lesser palatine n.

maxillary division of the trigeminal n. (V2)

no named branches

mucous membrane of the soft palate and posterior lesser petrosal

n.tympanic nerve, from the glossopharyngeal n. (IX)

secretomotor (preganglionic parasympathetic) for the parotid glandlesser thoracic

splanchnic n.neurons in the intermediolateral cell column of spinal cord levels T10-T11; the lesser thoracic splanchnic nerve appears to arise by multiple

no named branches

aorticorenal ganglion;


mandibular division of the trigeminal n. (V3)

no named branches

general sense from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and floor of the no named

brachial plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves C5-C7)

no named branches

serratus anterior m.


lower subscapular n.

posterior cord of the brachial plexus (C5, C6)

unnamed muscular brs.

subscapularis m., teres major m.


ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L1-L5

contributes to the formation of the lumbar and sacral plexuses

numerous: see lumbar and sacral plexuses

numerous: see lumbar and sacral plexuses

lumbar plexus ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L1-L4

branches of the lumbar plexus: iliohypogastric n., ilioinguinal n., genitofemoral n., lateral femoral cutaneous n., femoral n., obturator n., lumbosacral trunk (considered to be part of

muscles of the lower abdominal wall; cremaster m., psoas major and minor mm., quadratus lumborum m., iliacus m.; muscles of the anterior and medial thigh and hip

skin of the lower abdominal wall, skin of the anterior scrotum/labium majus, skin of the anterior and medial thigh and lateral hip

lumbar splanchnic nn.

lumbar sympathetic ganglia L1-L4

no named branches

smooth muscle of vessels that supply the abdominal and pelvic viscera

pain from abdominal and pelvic viscera

lumbosacral plexus

ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L4-S4

branches of the lumbosacral plexus: iliohypogastric n., ilioinguinal n., genitofemoral n., lateral femoral cutaneous n., femoral n., obturator n., lumbosacral trunk (considered to be part of sacral plexus), brs. to the psoas major and minor mm., branches to the quadratus lumborum m., superior & inferior gluteal nn., n. to the obturator internus m., n.

muscles of the lower abdominal wall; cremaster m., psoas major and minor mm., quadratus lumborum m., iliacus m.; muscles of the anterior and medial thigh and hip, muscles of the pelvic & urogenital diaphragm, posterior hip, posterior thigh, leg and foot

skin of the lower abdominal wall, skin of the anterior scrotum/labium majus, skin of the anterior and medial thigh and lateral hip' skin of the perineum, posterior thigh, leg and foot

lumbosacral trunk

part of the ventral primary ramus of L4 united with the ventral primary

no named branches; it contributes to the formation of the sacral

muscles of the hip and posterior thigh

see sacral plexus

mandibular division of the trigeminal n.

trigeminal ganglion; motor root arises from the pons

meningeal br., medial pterygoid and lateral pterygoid nn., masseteric n., anterior and posterior deep temporal nn., buccal n., auriculotempor

SVE: mylohyoid m., anterior belly of the digastric m.; tensor tympani m., tensor veli palatini m.; muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter,

GSA: skin of the lower lip and jaw extending superiorly above level of the ear; mucous membrane of the tongue and floor of the mouth; lower teeth and

none

masseteric n. masseter m. none

none

none

none

tibial n.

none

tibial n. none

mandibular, marginal

facial n. (cervicofacial division)

no named branches

orbicularis oris m., depressor anguli oris m., depressor labii inferioris m., mentalis m.mandibular

division of the trigeminal n.

no named branches

maxillary division of the trigeminal n.

trigeminal ganglion

meningeal br., posterior superior alveolar n., pharyngeal, posterior superior medial and lateral nasal brs., nasopalatine n., greater and lesser palatine nn., zygomatic

GSA: skin of the upper lip, cheek, lower eyelid; mucous membrane of the palate; teeth and gingiva of the maxillary alveolar arch; the mucous membrane lining most of

medial antebrachial cutaneous n.


no named branches

skin of the medial side of the forearmmedial brachial

cutaneous n.medial cord of the brachial plexus

no named branches

skin of the medial side of the armmedial pectoral

n.medial cord of the brachial plexus

no named branches

pectoralis minor m., pectoralis major m.


medial plantar n.

plantar cutaneous brs.; proper plantar digital n. (medial side of the great toe); common plantar digital nn. (1st-

abductor hallucis m., flexor hallucis brevis m., flexor digitorum brevis m., 1st lumbrical m.

skin of the medial side of the plantar surface of the foot; skin of the plantar surface of the medial 3 1/2 toes (and

medial supraclavicular n.


no named branches

skin of the root of the neck and upper chest, anteriorlymedial sural

cutaneous n.no named branches

skin of the posterior surface of the leg; skin of the lateral side of

median n.

mental n. none

lateral and medial cords of the brachial plexus

anterior interosseous n., palmar br., recurrent (motor) br., common palmar digital nn. (for digits 1-3)

pronator teres m., flexor carpi radialis m., palmaris longus m., flexor digitorum superficialis m., flexor digitorum profundus m. (radial half), flexor pollicis longus m., pronator quadratus m., abductor

skin of the radial half of the palm and palmar side of the lateral 3 1/2 digits (and nail bed for these digits)

inferior alveolar n.

no named branches

skin of the chin the lower lip

mesenteric ganglion, inferior





mesenteric ganglion, superior





mesenteric plexus, inferior






none

none

mesenteric plexus, superior

celiac plexus, superior mesenteric ganglion

multiple unnamed nn. course along the branches of the superior mesenteric a.

sympathetic: smooth muscle of vessels supplying the lower pancreas, lower duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon and most of the transverse colon; parasympatheti

pain & GVA of the parts of the gut named at left

middle subscapular n.



latissimus dorsi m.


middle superior alveolar

maxillary premolar teeth and gingiva; maxillary sinusmusculocutaneo

us n.lateral cord of the brachial plexus (C5,6)

lateral antebrachial cutaneous n.

coracobrachialis m., biceps brachii m., brachialis m.


myenteric ganglia




myenteric plexus




mylohyoid, n. to none

nasociliary n. none

nasopalatine n. none

none

inferior alveolar n., a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal n.

no named branches

mylohyoid m., anterior belly of the digastric m.

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal n. (V1)

communicating br. to the ciliary ganglion, long ciliary n., anterior and posterior ethmoidal nn., infratrochlear n.

eyeball, skin of the nose and medial sides of the eyelids; conjunctiva of the medial sides of the eyelids; mucous membranes of the upper nasal cavity, ethmoid


no named branches

mucous membrane of the nasal septum; mucous membrane of the anterior nervus

intermediuspons & medulla: nucleus solitarius of medulla (SVA sensory root) from geniculate ganglion; superior salivatory nucleus (GVE preganglionic parasympathetic) of pons

joins with the motor root to form the facial n. (VII); its fibers are contained in the greater petrosal n. and the chorda tympani

secretomotor to the lacrimal gland and mucous glands of the lower nasal cavity; secretomotor to the mucosa of the maxillary sinus and palate (synapse occurs at the pterygopalatine ganglion); secretomotor to submandibular and sublingual glands (synapse

taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

obturator internus m., n. to

sacral plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L5-S2 )

n. to the superior gemellus m.

obturator internus m., superior gemellus m.

obturator n.

occipital, lesser none

oculomotor n. none

none


anterior and posterior brs.

muscles of the medial thigh: adductor longus m., adductor brevis m. and adductor magnus m.,

skin of the lower medial thigh

occipital, greater


no named branches


skin of the posterior surface of the scalpventral primary

ramus of spinal nerve C2

no named branches

skin behind the ear

occipitalis tertius


no named branches


skin of the posterior surface of the neckoculomotor

nuclei of the midbrain (extraocular muscles); accessory oculomotor nucleus (nucleus of Edinger-Westphal - preganglionic parasympathetic)

superior br., inferior br.

GSE: superior br.: levator palpebrae superioris m., superior rectus m.; inferior br: medial rectus m., inferior rectus m., inferior oblique m.; GVE: ciliary m. & sphincter pupillae m. (preganglionic parasympathetic axons go to the ciliary ganglion via the parasympathetic root, postganglionic

of the pterygoid canal

formed by the union of the greater petrosal n. (preganglionic parasympathetic) and the deep petrosal n.(postganglionic sympathetic)

ends in the pterygopalatine ganglion (parasympathetic)

secretomotor (parasympathetic) to: lacrimal gland and mucous glands of nasal cavity and maxillary sinus; sympathetic innervation to vascular smooth

olfactory n. none smell (SVA)

none

optic n. none none vision (SSA)

otic ganglion none

none

palatine, lesser none

the filaments of the bipolar olfactory epithelial cells constitute the olfactory n.

second order olfactory nerve cell bodies located in the olfactory bulb

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal n.

trigeminal ganglion

meningeal br., lacrimal n., frontal n., nasociliary n.

(GSA) skin of the forehead, upper eyelid and nose; mucous membrane of the upper nasal cavity, frontal sinus, ethmoid

ganglion layer of the retina to the forebrain

preganglionic parasympathetic via the lesser petrosal, from the tympanic n. of the glossopharynge

postganglionic parasympathetic axons distribute with the parotid brs. of the auriculotempor

secretomotor to the parotid gland

palatine, greater


posterior inferior lateral nasal brs.

mucous membrane of the inferior part of the lateral nasal wall; mucosa of the maxillary

division of the trigeminal n. (V2)

no named branches

mucous membrane of the soft palate and posterior palmar digital,

commonmedian n.; superficial br. of the ulnar n.




pectoral, lateral

pectoral, medial

none

none

perineal n. pudendal

. . .peroneal, deep . . .

. . .

petrosal, deep none

palmar digital, proper

common palmar digital branches of the median n.; common palmar digital branches of the superficial br. of the ulnar n.

no named branches



lateral cord of the brachial plexus

no named branches

pectoralis major m.



no named branches

pectoralis minor m., pectoralis major m.


pelvic splanchnic n.

ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S2-S4 (cell bodies are located in the lateral horn gray of the

unnamed branches contribute to the pelvic plexus (inferior hypogastric) plexus

smooth muscle and glands of the gut distal to the left colic flexure; smooth muscle and glands of all

perforating cutaneous n.

sacral plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S2-3)

no named branches

skin of the inferomedial buttock

posterior scrotal/labial n., deep (muscular) br.

muscles of the perineum: bulbospongiosus m., ischiocavernosus m., superficial and deep transverse perineus mm., sphincter urethrae m.,

skin of the posterior surface of the scrotum/labium majus

peroneal, SEE: fibular, SEE: fibular,

peroneal, superficial

SEE: fibular, superficialinternal carotid plexus

no named branches

vascular smooth muscle of the mucous membranes of the lower nasal cavity, maxillary sinus

facial (VII) none

petrosal, lesser otic ganglion none

phrenic n.

1st lumbrical m.

petrosal, greater

no named branches

secretomotor (preganglionic parasympathetic) to: lacrimal gland, mucous glands of the lower nasal cavity,

tympanic nerve, from the glossopharyngeal n. (IX)

secretomotor (preganglionic parasympathetic) for the parotid glandpharyngeal

plexusmotor contributed by the vagus n. (X); sensory contributed by the glossopharyngeal n. (IX), vasomotor

no named branches

vagus: all muscles of the pharynx except stylopharyngeus; sympathetic: smooth muscle in the pharyngeal vasculature

glossopharyngeal: mucous membrane lining the pharynx

ventral primary rami of spinal nerves C3-C5 (cervical plexus)

no named branches

skeletal muscle of the respiratory diaphragm

diaphragmatic pleura; some fibers contributed to the pericardium and to the adjacent

plantar digital, common




plantar digital, proper


no named branches



plantar, lateral tibial n.

plantar, medial tibial n.

plexus, brachial

plexus, cardiac

superficial and deep branches

quadratus plantae m., abductor digiti minimi m., flexor digiti minimi brevis m., lateral 3 lumbrical mm., adductor

skin of the lateral side of the plantar surface of the foot; skin of the plantar surface of the lateral 1 1/2 toes (and the nail bed of

plantar cutaneous brs.; proper plantar digital n. (medial side of the great toe); common plantar digital nn. (1st-

abductor hallucis m., flexor hallucis brevis m., flexor digitorum brevis m., 1st lumbrical m.

skin of the medial side of the plantar surface of the foot; skin of the plantar surface of the medial 3 1/2 toes (and

ventral primary rami of C5-8 and T1

dorsal scapular, long thoracic, n. to subclavius, suprascapular, lateral and medial pectoral, medial brachial and antebrachial cutaneous, upper, middle and lower subscapular,

muscles of the upper limb, excluding trapezius

skin of the upper limb

cardiac brs. of the vagus n. and cervical sympathetic trunk; thoracic visceral nn.

no named branches

moderates heart muscle (parasympathetic: decreases rate and force of contraction; sympathetic: increases rate and force of contraction); vascular smooth muscle of the heart & lungs (sympathetic); smooth muscle

pain from the heart and lungs

plexus, cervical


ventral primary rami of spinal nerves C1-C4

brs. to: longus colli & capitis, sternocleidomastoid m., trapezius m., levator scapulae m., scalenus medius m., rectus capitis anterior and lateralis mm.; superior & inferior root of the ansa cervicalis, n. to the thyrohyoid m., n. to the geniohyoid m., lesser occipital n., great auricular n., transverse cervical n., supraclavicular

longus colli & capitis mm., rectus capitis anterior & lateralis mm., infrahyoid mm., thyrohyoid m., geniohyoid m., respiratory diaphragm

skin of the anterolateral neck; skin of the ear and skin behind the ear

plexus, coccygeal

ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S4, S5,

skin of the region overlying the coccyxplexus,

esophagealright and left vagus (X) nn.; thoracic visceral brs. of the sympathetic trunk

anterior and posterior vagal trunks

preganglionic parasympathetic axons from the vagus n. supply smooth muscle and glands of the thoracic esophagus and abdominal gut and its derivatives proximal to the left colic flexure; postganglionic sympathetic axons from the

vagus: GVA from the esophagus and abdominal gut proximal to the left colic flexure; thoracic visceral brs.carry pain from the esophagus

none

none

plexus, external carotid

superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk, via the


vascular smooth muscle, arrector pili muscles, sweat glands of face & plexus, inferior

hypogastrichypogastric nn. and sacral splanchnic nn. (postganglionic sympathetic axons); pelvic splanchnic nn. (preganglionic parasympathetic axons from the ventral




plexus, inferior mesenteric





plexus, intermesenteric

lumbar splanchnic nn. 1 and 2

renal, testicular (or ovarian) and ureteric brs.

sympathetic: smooth muscle of vessels supplying the gut distal to the left colic flexure


plexus, internal carotid

superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk, via the internal carotid n.



plexus, lumbar ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L1-L4

branches of the lumbar plexus: iliohypogastric n., ilioinguinal n., genitofemoral n., lateral femoral cutaneous n., femoral n., obturator n., lumbosacral trunk (considered to be part of

muscles of the lower abdominal wall; cremaster m., psoas major and minor mm., quadratus lumborum m., iliacus m.; muscles of the anterior and medial thigh and hip

skin of the lower abdominal wall, skin of the anterior scrotum/labium majus, skin of the anterior and medial thigh and lateral hip

plexus, lumbosacral

ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L4-S4

branches of the lumbosacral plexus: iliohypogastric n., ilioinguinal n., genitofemoral n., lateral femoral cutaneous n., femoral n., obturator n., lumbosacral trunk (considered to be part of sacral plexus), brs. to the psoas major and minor mm., branches to the quadratus lumborum m., superior & inferior gluteal nn., n. to the obturator internus m., n.

muscles of the lower abdominal wall; cremaster m., psoas major and minor mm., quadratus lumborum m., iliacus m.; muscles of the anterior and medial thigh and hip, muscles of the pelvic & urogenital diaphragm, posterior hip, posterior thigh, leg and foot

skin of the lower abdominal wall, skin of the anterior scrotum/labium majus, skin of the anterior and medial thigh and lateral hip' skin of the perineum, posterior thigh, leg and foot

none

none

plexus, rectal

plexus, myenteric




plexus, pharyngeal

motor contributed by the vagus n. (X); sensory contributed by the glossopharyngeal n. (IX), vasomotor

no named branches

vagus: all muscles of the pharynx except stylopharyngeus; sympathetic: smooth muscle in the pharyngeal vasculature

glossopharyngeal: mucous membrane lining the pharynx

plexus, prostatic

inferior hypogastric (pelvic) plexus

is continuous with the rectal and vesical plexuses

sympathetic: vascular smooth muscle of the pelvic viscera, especially the urethra, prostate gland and ejaculatory ducts; parasympathetic: smooth muscle and

pain from the pelvic viscera listed at left

plexus, pulmonary

continuous with the cardiac plexus; thoracic visceral nn.; pulmonary brs. of vagus

no named branches

parasympathetic: smooth muscle & glands of the bronchial tree; sympathetic: vascular smooth

inferior hypogastric (pelvic) plexus, posterior part

no named branches

sympathetic: vascular smooth muscle of the pelvic viscera, especially the rectum; parasympathetic: smooth muscle and glands of the

pain and general sensation from the rectum

plexus, renal

plexus, sacral

intermesenteric plexus, aorticorenal ganglion, least thoracic splanchnic n.

unnamed branches course along the renal vessels

sympathetic: smooth muscle of the blood vessels supplying the kidney, renal pelvis and upper ureter; parasympathetic: smooth

pain from the kidney, renal pelvis and upper ureter

lumbosacral trunk (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L4-L5), ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S1-S4

superior & inferior gluteal nn., n. to obturator internus m., n. to quadratus femoris m., sciatic n., n. to piriformis, posterior femoral cutaneous n.,

muscles of the pelvic diaphragm; muscles of the urogenital diaphragm; muscles of the posterior hip, posterior thigh, leg and foot

skin of the perineum, posterior thigh, leg and foot (excluding the medial side of the leg and foot)

plexus, superior hypogastric




pain from the pelvic viscera; general visceral afferent from the pelvic plexus, superior

mesentericceliac plexus, superior mesenteric ganglion




plexus, vesical

radial n. none

radial none

temporalis m.

nasociliary n. none

plexus, uterovaginal


continuous with the rectal plexus

sympathetic: vascular smooth muscle of the pelvic viscera, especially the uterus, uterine tubes and vagina; parasympathetic: smooth muscle and glands of pelvic



continuous with the prostatic plexus

sympathetic: vascular smooth muscle of the pelvic viscera, especially the urinary bladder, seminal vesicle, ductus deferens and ejaculatory duct; parasympathetic: smooth muscle and glands of the pelvic viscera, especially the

pain and general sensation from the bladder, seminal vesicle and ductus deferens

posterior antebrachial cutaneous n.


skin of the lateral distal arm and posterior posterior

brachial cutaneous n.

no named branches

skin of the posterior arm

posterior deep temporal n.


no named branches


posterior ethmoidal n.

no named branches

mucous membrane lining the posterior ethmoid air posterior

femoral cutaneous n.

sacral plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S1-S3)

inferior cluneal nn.; perineal br.


skin of the lower buttock & posterior thigh

deep radial n. none

none

none

maxillary n. dental plexus none

splanchnic nn.

prostatic plexus


no named branches

some authors say none, others say the deep posterior forearm posterior labial

n.perineal n. (a branch of the pudendal n.)

no named branches

skin of the posterior aspect of the labium majusposterior

scrotal n.perineal n., from the pudendal n.

no named branches

skin of the posterior aspect of the scrotumposterior

superior alveolar n.

maxillary molar teeth and gingiva; maxillary sinuspreaortic

gangliaplexuses to abdominal and pelvic viscera

vascular smooth muscle of vessels that supply abdominopelvic

pain from abdominopelvic viscera


common palmar digital branches of the median n.; common palmar digital branches of the superficial br. of the ulnar n.

no named branches





no named branches



inferior hypogastric (pelvic) plexus

is continuous with the rectal and vesical plexuses

sympathetic: vascular smooth muscle of the pelvic viscera, especially the urethra, prostate gland and ejaculatory ducts; parasympathetic: smooth muscle and


none

pudendal n.

none

none

pterygopalatine ganglion

preganglionic parasympathetic axons arrive via the n. of the pterygoid canal from greater petrosal n. of the facial n (VII); postganglionic sympathetic axons arrive via

postganglionic parasympathetic axons distribute via the greater & lesser palatine nn., nasopalatine n., sphenopalatine n. and zygomatic n.

secretomotor to: mucous glands of the palate, nasal cavity, lacrimal gland

ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S2-S4 (sacral plexus)

inferior rectal n., perineal n., dorsal n. of the clitoris/penis

its branches supply: external anal sphincter, bulbospongiosus m., ischiocavernosus m., superficial & deep transverse perineus mm., sphincter

its branches supply: skin of the anus, posterior scrotum/labium majus, clitoris/penis

pulmonary plexus

continuous with the cardiac plexus; thoracic visceral nn.; pulmonary brs. of vagus

no named branches

parasympathetic: smooth muscle & glands of the bronchial tree; sympathetic: vascular smooth

quadratus femoris m., n. to


n. to the inferior gemellus m.

quadratus femoris m., inferior gemellus m.

radial n.

radial, deep radial n.

radial n.

none none

posterior cord of the brachial plexus

posterior brachial cutaneous n., inferior lateral brachial cutaneous n., posterior antebrachial cutaneous n., superficial and deep brs.

muscles of the posterior arm: triceps brachii m., anconeus m.; muscles of the posterior forearm: brachioradialis, extensor carpi ulnaris m., extensor carpi radialis longus m., extensor carpi radialis brevis m., extensor digitorum m., extensor digiti minimi m., supinator m., abductor

skin of the posterior arm, forearm and hand


extensor carpi radialis brevis m., supinator m., extensor digitorum m., extensor digiti minimi m., abductor pollicis longus m., extensor pollicis longus


radial, superficial

dorsal digital brs.

sympathetic motor for the skin

skin of the posterolateral wrist and hand; dorsum of the lateral 3 1/2 digits (excluding the skin over the

ramus communicans, gray

cell bodies located in the sympathetic chain ganglia

carries postganglionic sympathetic axons to the spinal nerve; spinal nerve will carry those axons

none

numerous

numerous

rectal plexus

rectal, inferior pudendal n. skin of the anus

ramus communicans, white

cell bodies located in the lateral horn gray matter of spinal cord levels T1-L2;

axons contained within white rami communicantes will synapse on postganglionic cell bodies that will ultimately innervate the skin, viscera,

pain from viscera is carried back to the spinal cord through the white ramus communicans

ramus, dorsal primary

first branch off of the dorsal side of the spinal nerve

to the deep back mm.; sympathetic innervation to the skin

general sense (touch, pressure, pain, heat, cold, etc.) to the skin of ramus, ventral

primaryfirst branch off of the ventral side of the spinal nerve

to skeletal mm. of the neck, trunk and extremities; sympathetic innervation to the skin

general sense (touch, pressure, pain, heat, cold, etc.) to the skin of the trunk (except the back) and extremities; visceral pain via

inferior hypogastric (pelvic) plexus, posterior part

no named branches

sympathetic: vascular smooth muscle of the pelvic viscera, especially the rectum; parasympathetic: smooth muscle and glands of the

pain and general sensation from the rectum

no named external anal

vagus n. (X)

renal plexus

root, dorsal none none

root, ventral none none

sacral plexus

recurrent laryngeal n.

esophageal brs., tracheal brs., cardiac brs., pharyngeal brs., inferior laryngeal n.

upper esophagus, lower pharynx, laryngeal mm. (except cricopharyngeus); smooth muscle of the trachea; secretomotor to mucosal glands in the upper esophagus, lower pharynx, larynx below

upper esophagus, lower pharynx, larynx below the vocal folds, GVA from heart

intermesenteric plexus, aorticorenal ganglion, least thoracic splanchnic n.

unnamed branches course along the renal vessels

sympathetic: smooth muscle of the blood vessels supplying the kidney, renal pelvis and upper ureter; parasympathetic: smooth

pain from the kidney, renal pelvis and upper ureter

from the dorsal horn of the spinal cord to the spinal nerve

general sense (touch, pressure, pain, heat, cold, etc.)from the ventral

horn of the spinal cord to the spinal nerve

to skeletal mm.; preganglionic sympathetic (T1-L2)

lumbosacral trunk (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L4-L5), ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S1-S4

superior & inferior gluteal nn., n. to obturator internus m., n. to quadratus femoris m., sciatic n., n. to piriformis, posterior femoral cutaneous n.,

muscles of the pelvic diaphragm; muscles of the urogenital diaphragm; muscles of the posterior hip, posterior thigh, leg and foot

skin of the perineum, posterior thigh, leg and foot (excluding the medial side of the leg and foot)

saphenous n. femoral n. infrapatellar br. none

sciatic n.

scrotal, anterior none

none

none

short ciliary n. eyeball (GSA)

sacral splanchnic n.

sacral sympathetic ganglia

unnamed branches contribute to the pelvic plexus (inferior

vascular smooth muscle of the pelvic viscera


skin of the medial side of the leg and medial side of sacral plexus

(ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L4-L5 and S1-S3)

tibial n., common fibular (peroneal) n.

semitendinosus m., semimembranosus m., biceps femoris m., ischioconylar part of the adductor magnus m.; its

its branches supply the skin of the leg and foot (excluding the medial side of leg & foot)

anterior cutaneous br. of the ilioinguinal

no named branches

skin of the anterior aspect of the scrotumscrotal,

posteriorperineal n., from the pudendal n.

no named branches

skin of the posterior aspect of the scrotumsemilunar

ganglionophthalmic (V1) , maxillary (V2) and mandibular (V3) divisions of the trigeminal n.

sensory fibers depart via the trigeminal n. (V)

skin of the face, mucous membranes of the nasal and oral cavities, mucous membrane of the anterior

ciliary ganglion: sensory root - from the nasociliary n.(a branch of V1); sympathetic root - from the internal carotid plexus; parasympathetic root - from the

multiple short ciliary nn. which leave the ciliary ganglion anteriorly

sphincter pupillae & ciliary mm. (parasympathetic), dilator pupillae (sympathetic)

spinal n.

spiral ganglion none hearing (SSA)

renal plexus

formed at the point where the dorsal and ventral rootlets meet; it ends where the dorsal and ventral primary rami diverge

dorsal primary ramus; ventral primary ramus

to skeletal mm.; some levels carry preganglionic sympathetic axons (T1-L2)

general sense (touch, pressure, pain, heat, cold, etc.) from the entire surface of the neck, trunk and extremities; visceral pain (via the white ramus

fibers of the cochlear hair cells

cochlear n. portion of the vestibulocochlear n. (VIII)splanchnic,

greater thoracicneurons in the intermediolateral cell column of spinal cord levels T5-T9; the greater thoracic splanchnic nerve appears to arise by multiple

no named branches

celiac ganglion; preganglionic fibers supply the adrenal medulla which releases epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood

pain from the abdominal viscera

splanchnic, least thoracic


no named branches


splanchnic, lesser thoracic

neurons in the intermediolateral cell column of spinal cord levels T10-T11; the lesser thoracic splanchnic nerve appears to arise by multiple

no named branches

aorticorenal ganglion;


splanchnic, lumbar

lumbar sympathetic ganglia L1-L4

no named branches

smooth muscle of vessels that supply the abdominal and pelvic viscera

pain from abdominal and pelvic viscera

none

pain from lungs

subclavius m.

subcostal n.

none

none

splanchnic, pelvic

ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S2-S4 (cell bodies are located in the lateral horn gray of the

unnamed branches contribute to the pelvic plexus (inferior hypogastric) plexus

smooth muscle and glands of the gut distal to the left colic flexure; smooth muscle and glands of all

splanchnic, sacral

sacral sympathetic ganglia

unnamed branches contribute to the pelvic plexus (inferior

vascular smooth muscle of the pelvic viscera


stellate ganglion


gray rami communicans to spinal nerves C8 and T1 (postganglionic sympathetic); thoracic visceral br.

vascular smooth muscle, arrector pili muscle, sweat glands of the C8 & T1 cutaneous distribution on chest & upper limb (C8 and T1 dermatomes); vascular smooth

subclavius m., n. to

superior trunk of the brachial plexus

no named branches


ventral primary ramus of T12

lateral cutaneous br., anterior

muscles of the abdominal wall

skin of the anterolateral abdominal wallsubmandibular

ganglionpreganglionic parasympathetic axons from the chorda tympani (accompanying the lingual n. from the mandibular

postganglionic parasympathetic axons distribute either directly, or with branches of the lingual n. to the submandibular and sublingual

secretomotor to the submandibular and sublingual glands and the small glands of the lingual mucosa

submucosal ganglia of the gut

preganglionic parasympathetic arrive via branches of the anterior and posterior vagal trunks (gut proximal to the left colic flexure) and pelvic


secretomotor to glands in the mucosa of the gut

suboccipital n.

radial n.

none

dorsal primary ramus of spinal nerve C1

no named branches

muscles of the suboccipital triangle: rectus capitis posterior major m., rectus capitis posterior minor m., obliquus capitis superior


subscapular, lower



subscapularis m., teres major m.


subscapular, middle



latissimus dorsi m.


subscapular, upper



subscapularis m.


superficial fibular n.

common fibular n.

medial dorsal cutaneous n. to the medial side of the foot; dorsal digital nn. to the lateral 3 toes

muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg (fibularis longus and brevis mm.)

distal 1/3 of the anterior surface of the leg; dorsum of the foot excluding the skin of the web between the great toe and the 2nd toe and the distal

superficial radial n.

dorsal digital brs.

sympathetic motor for the skin

skin of the posterolateral wrist and hand; dorsum of the lateral 3 1/2 digits (excluding the skin over the

superior gluteal n.


superior & inferior brs.

gluteus medius m., gluteus minimus m., tensor fasciae superior

hypogastric plexus




pain from the pelvic viscera; general visceral afferent from the pelvic

vagus n. (X)

axillary none

none

none

none

supraorbital n. none

superior laryngeal n.

internal br., external br.

cricothyroid m., inferior pharyngeal constrictor m.; secretomotor to mucosal glands of the larynx above the vocal

mucous membrane of the larynx above the vocal folds

superior lateral brachial cutaneous

no named branches

skin of the lateral side of the proximal superior

mesenteric ganglion





superior mesenteric plexus

celiac plexus, superior mesenteric ganglion




supraclavicular, intermediate


no named branches

skin of the root of the neck and upper chest, near the mid-supraclavicular,

lateralcervical plexus (C3&C4)

no named branches

skin of the root of the neck and upper shoulder

supraclavicular, medial


no named branches

skin of the root of the neck and upper chest, anteriorlyfrontal n, from

the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal n.

medial and lateral brs.

skin of the forehead; mucous membrane of suprascapular

n.superior trunk of the brachial plexus (C5-C6)

no named branches

supraspinatus m., infraspinatus m.


none

none

tibial n. none

sural n. none

supratrochlear n.

frontal n, from the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal n. (V1)

no named branches

skin of the medial forehead and the medial part of the upper eyelid; associated sural

cutaneous, lateral

common fibular n.

fibular communicating br.

skin of the lateral side of the legsural

cutaneous, medial

no named branches

skin of the posterior surface of the leg; skin of the lateral side of formed by the

union of the fibular communicating br. of the lateral sural cutaneous n. and the medial sural

lateral calcaneal brs., lateral dorsal cutaneous n. of the foot

skin of the posterior surface of the lower leg; skin of the lateral side of the foot

sympathetic chain ganglia

preganglionic sympathetic fibers arrive via white rami communicantes of ventral primary rami of spinal nerves T1-L2

postganglionic sympathetic fibers depart via gray rami communicantes to all spinal nn.; internal & external carotid nn.; cervical cardiac brs.; thoracic direct visceral brs.; greater, lesser & least thoracic

dilator pupillae, vascular smooth muscle, arrector pili muscles, sweat glands, suprarenal medulla, heart, lungs and gut

pain from viscera

sympathetic chain ganglia, cervical

preganglionic sympathetic fibers arrive via white rami communicantes of ventral primary rami of spinal nerves T1-T5

postganglionic sympathetic depart via gray rami communicans to cervical spinal nn.; internal and external carotid nn.;

dilator pupillae m.; vascular smooth muscle; arrector pili muscles and sweat glands of head and neck; heart and lungs

pain from viscera

spinal nerve T1

temporalis m.

temporalis m.

facial n. none

thoracodorsal n.

tibial n. sciatic n.

to carotid body none

to coccygeus m. none

T1 ventral primary ramus

joins the ventral primary ramus of C8 to form the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus

muscles of the forearm and hand

skin of the ventral arm and ventral forearm

temporal, anterior deep


no named branches


temporal, posterior deep


no named branches


temporofacial division of the facial n.

temporal, zygomatic and buccal brs.

muscles of facial expression of the upper part of the face; frontalis m., anterior and



latissimus dorsi m.


medial sural cutaneous n., medial calcaneal brs., medial and lateral plantar nn.

semimembranosus m., semitendinosus m., long head of biceps femoris m., ischiocondylar portion of adductor magnus m.; mm. of the superficial and deep posterior compartments of the leg (gastrocnemius m., soleus m., plantaris m., tibialis posterior m.,

skin of the plantar surface of the foot and toes; skin of the dorsal surface of the distal toes (nail bed region)

glossopharyngeal n. (IX)

no named branches

sensory receptors in the carotid body and carotid sacral plexus

(brs. of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S3-S4)

no named branches

coccygeus m., levator ani m.

facial n. (VII) none

geniohyoid m. none

none

none

to subclavius m. subclavius m.

none

trigeminal n.

trochlear n. none

tympanic n.

to digastric m., posterior belly

no named branches

posterior belly of the digastric m.to geniohyoid

m.C1 fibers from the superior root of the ansa cervicalis

no named branches

to obturator internus m.

sacral plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L5-S2 )

n. to the superior gemellus m.

obturator internus m., superior gemellus m.to quadratus

femoris m.sacral plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L4-L5,

n. to the inferior gemellus m.

quadratus femoris m., inferior gemellus m.superior trunk

of the brachial plexus

no named branches


transverse cervical n.

cervical plexus (C2 and C3)

no named branches

skin of the anterior surface of the neckmotor root

arises from the trigeminal motor nucleus in the pons (SVE); sensory part arises from the trigeminal ganglion (GSA) and projects into the pons to the primary sensory nucleus of V or more inferiorly to the

ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular divisions

SVE: anterior belly of the digastric m., mylohyoid m., tensor veli palatini m., tensor tympani m.; muscles of mastication: temporalis m., masseter m., lateral pterygoid m., medial pterygoid m.

skin of the face; mucous membranes of the nasal and oral cavities; general sensation (GSA) to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

trochlear nucleus of the midbrain

no named branches

superior oblique m. of the eye (GSE)

glossopharyngeal n.

tympanic plexus, which gives rise to the lesser petrosal n.

secretomotor (preganglionic parasympathetic axons which will synapse in the otic ganglion) to the

mucous membrane lining the middle ear cavity

ulnar n.

vagus n.

medial cord of the brachial plexus (C8, T1)

palmar cutaneous br., dorsal br., superficial and deep brs.

flexor carpi ulnaris m., flexor digitorum profundus m. (ulnar half), abductor digiti minimi m., flexor digiti minimi brevis m., opponens digiti minimi m., ulnar 2

skin of the medial side of the wrist and hand; skin of the medial 1 1/2 digits

upper subscapular n.



subscapularis m.


uterovaginal plexus


continuous with the rectal plexus

sympathetic: vascular smooth muscle of the pelvic viscera, especially the uterus, uterine tubes and vagina; parasympathetic: smooth muscle and glands of pelvic


medulla: dorsal motor nucleus (GVE preganglionic parasympathetic); inferior ganglion (GVA); nucleus ambiguus (SVE); superior ganglion (GSA); inferior ganglion(SVA)

auricular br., pharyngeal br., superior laryngeal, superior and inferior cervical cardiac brs., recurrent laryngeal n., thoracic cardiac brs., brs. to the pulmonary plexus, brs. to the esophageal plexus, anterior and posterior vagal trunks

SVE: intrinsic muscles of the larynx, pharynx (except stylopharyngeus), and palate (except tensor veli palatini); GVE: smooth muscle of the respiratory tree & gut (proximal to the left colic flexure), heart; secretomotor: mucous glands of the larynx, respiratory

GSA: skin of the external auditory meatus; GVA: viscera of head, neck, thorax & abdomen proximal to the left colic flexure; SVA: taste from the epiglottis

numerous

ventral root none none

vesical plexus

vestibular n. none

none

ventral primary ramus

first branch off of the ventral side of the spinal nerve

to skeletal mm. of the neck, trunk and extremities; sympathetic innervation to the skin

general sense (touch, pressure, pain, heat, cold, etc.) to the skin of the trunk (except the back) and extremities; visceral pain via

from the ventral horn of the spinal cord to the spinal nerve

to skeletal mm.; preganglionic sympathetic (T1-L2)


continuous with the prostatic plexus

sympathetic: vascular smooth muscle of the pelvic viscera, especially the urinary bladder, seminal vesicle, ductus deferens and ejaculatory duct; parasympathetic: smooth muscle and glands of the pelvic viscera, especially the

pain and general sensation from the bladder, seminal vesicle and ductus deferens

pons and medulla

no named branches

balance/proprioception (SSA)vestibulocochle

ar n.pons & medulla: vestibular nuclei from the vestibular ganglion of the semicircular ducts; cochlear nuclei in the

divides within the temporal bone into vestibular and cochlear parts

vestibular: balance/proprioception (SSA); cochlear: hearing (SSA)

none

zygomatic n.

none

white ramus communicans

cell bodies located in the lateral horn gray matter of spinal cord levels T1-L2;

axons contained within white rami communicantes will synapse on postganglionic cell bodies that will ultimately innervate the skin, viscera,

pain from viscera is carried back to the spinal cord through the white ramus communicans


zygomaticofacial & zygomaticotemporal

carries secretomotor fibers

skin of the face lateral and superior to the orbitzygomaticofacia

l n.zygomatic from the maxillary division of the trigeminal n.

no named branches

skin of face lateral to the orbit

zygomaticotemporal n.

zygomatic from the maxillary division of the trigeminal n.

communicating br.

carries secretomotor fibers

skin of face superolateral to the orbit

Nerves of the Body - Listed AlphabeticallyNotes

anococcygeal n. pierces the sacrotuberous ligament

also known as: CN VI, 6th cranial nerve; passes through the superior orbital fissure (Latin, abducens = to draw away)also known as: CN XI, 11th cranial nerve; spinal root enters cranial cavity by passing through the foramen magnum; exits skull by passing through the jugular foramen; accessory n. is motor only; the subtrapezial plexus of nerves receives proprioceptive fibers: for the sternocleidomastoid m. from the ventral primary rami of spinal nn. C2 and C3 - for trapezius via ventral anterior superior alveolar n. is enclosed in bone its entire length

inferior alveolar n. passes through the mandibular canal; the mental n. is its terminal branch which emerges through the mental foramen

middle superior alveolar n. is enclosed in bone its entire length

posterior superior alveolar n. enters bone by passing through the small foramina on the posterior surface of the maxilla

superior and inferior roots of the ansa cervicalis are also known as the anterior and posterior roots (Latin, ansa = handle or loop)

lateral antebrachial cutaneous n. emerges from the lateral intermuscular interval between biceps and brachialis; it is the continuation of the musculocutaneous n.medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve travels with the basilic vein for part of its courseposterior antebrachial cutaneous n. passes posterior to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus

a branch of the motor root of CN V; temporalis m. developed from the mesenchyme of the first pharyngeal arch

axillary n. is endangered by surgical neck fractures

anterior ethmoidal n. passes from the orbit into the anterior ethmoidal foramen, passes through the cribriform plate, passes anteriorly on cribriform plate, then exits the cranial cavity through the ethmoid fissure into the nasal cavity (Greek, ethmoidal = sieve-like)

cutaneous nn. carry postganglionic sympathetic axons to skincourses along the anterior surface of the interosseous membrane (Latin, inter = between + os = bone)

communicates with the genital br. of the genitofemoral n. (Latin, labial = lips)

anterior scrotal n. is the continuation of the ilioinguinal n. at the superficial inguinal ring; it communicates with the genital br. of the genitofemoral n.anterior superior alveolar n. is enclosed in bone its entire length

a sympathetic ganglion; located above or near the origin of the renal a. from the abdominal aorta

two roots of the auriculotemporal n. encircle the middle meningeal a.

emerges at the lateral intermuscular septum just below the deltoid m.

communicates with the intercostobrachial n.

emerges medial to the long head of the triceps brachii muscleaxons from spinal cord levels C5-T1 are mixed (braided) in the brachial plexus and repackaged into terminal branches so that each branch contains axons from several spinal cord segmental levels (Latin, plexus = a braid)

not a motor nerve; easily confused with the buccal branch of the facial n.

not a sensory nerve; easily confused with the buccal branch of the trigeminal n.

C1 contributes to the cervical plexus (Latin, ramus = a branch)




joins the ventral primary ramus of C6 to form the superior trunk of the brachial plexus (Latin, ramus = a branch)

joins the ventral primary ramus of C5 to form the superior trunk of the brachial plexus (Latin, ramus = a branch)

continues as the middle trunk of the brachial plexus (Latin, ramus = a branch)joins the ventral primary ramus of T1 to form the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus (Latin, ramus = a branch)cardiac plexus is continuous with the coronary and pulmonary plexuses; thoracic visceral nn. carry pain from the heart to the upper thoracic spinal cord segments resulting in pain referred to the left upper limb in the T1 and T2 dermatomes (Latin, plexus = a braid)

cervical sympathetic trunk usually gives 3 cervical cardiac brs. l (superior, middle and inferior) to the cardiac plexus

vagus n. has 2 cervical cardiac brs. (superior and inferior) and 1 or more thoracic cardiac brs.

chemoreception (blood pH) in carotid body; blood pressure receptors in carotid sinus; both located near the bifurcation of the common carotid a.; vagus n. (X) may share a role in this innervationpostganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers use arteries as roadways to enter the head and neck (Latin, plexus = a braid)

postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers use arteries as roadways to enter the head and neck (Latin, plexus = a braid)

there may be two or more external carotid nn. that join the external carotid plexus from the superior cervical ganglion

internal carotid n. appears to be the upward continuation of the sypathetic trunk

a sympathetic ganglion; usually 2 celiac ganglia are located on the abdominal aorta at the origin of the celiac trunk; brs. of the vagal trunks pass through the celiac ganglion without synapsing

close association of the supraclavicular nn. to the phrenic n. results in pain from the respiratory diaphragm referred to the shoulder (Latin, plexus = a braid)

cervicofacial division usually forms a loop by communication with the temporofacial division of the facial n.

these nerves bypass the ciliary ganglion

(Latin, clunis = buttock)



chorda tympani joins the lingual nerve in the infratemporal fossa and continues with it to the tongue (Latin, chorda = cord + tympanum = a kettle drum)

a parasympathetic ganglion; ciliary ganglion is located on the lateral side of the optic n. near the apex of the orbit; sensory and sympathetic axons pass through the ciliary ganglion without synapse - the sensory root is carried via the nasociliary n.and the sympathetic root arrives in the orbit via the internal carotid a.

short ciliary nn. are mixed nerves which contain sensory and 2 types of autonomic nerve fibers; postganglionic parasympathetic neurons whose axons are located in these nerves have their cell bodies located in the ciliary ganglion

only part of the S4 ventral primary ramus is contributed to the coccygeal plexus (Latin, plexus = a braid)nerve to coccygeus enters the muscle on its pelvic surface

exits the posterior cranial fossa by passing into the

sympathetic ganglia; also known as: preaortic ganglia which include: celiac, aorticorenal, superior & inferior mesenteric; brs. of the vagal trunks pass through but do not synapse in collateral ganglia

"peroneal" is old terminology which has been replaced by "fibular"

the proper branches of these nerves also supply the dorsum of the tip of the digit (nail bed)

the dorsal surfaces of the distal tips of the toes (nail bed regions) are supplied by the proper plantar digital brs. of these nn.

details about each cranial nerve may be found elsewhere in this chart

anterior compartment syndrome - trauma to the anterior side of the leg can result in pressure buildup in the anterior compartment (from swelling or bleeding) that can damage the deep fibular n., resulting in "foot drop"

deep petrosal n. joins the greater petrosal n. to form the n. of the pterygoid canal; the deep petrosal n. contains postganglionic sympathetic axons (synapse occurred in the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion)

deep radial n. passes through the supinator m.; some authors believe that the posterior interosseous n. and the deep radial n. are synonymous, others say that when the deep radial n. emerges from the supinator in the posterior forearm it becomes the posterior interosseous n., and others say that the deep radial n. does not become the posterior interosseous n. until after its last muscular br. has been given off

the nail bed is supplied by palmar digital nn.

the nail bed is supplied by palmar digital nn.

the anterior belly of the digastric m. is formed by mesenchyme from the 1st pharyngeal arch and is supplied by the n. to the mylohyoid m. (V3)the proper branches of these nerves also supply the dorsum of the tip of the digit (nail bed)


proper palmar digital nn. supply the dorsum of the tip of the digit (nail bed)

the nail bed is supplied by the proper plantar digital nn.

dorsal branch of the ulnar n. emerges at the level of the ulnar styloid process (Latin, ulna = elbow)

the terminal branch of the pudendal n.

the terminal branch of the pudendal n.

a mixed nerve containing both motor and sensory fibers (Latin, ramus = a branch)

dorsal root is entirely sensory in function; it is located dorsal to the denticulate ligament

a sensory ganglion; located in the intervertebral foramen of the vertebral column on the dorsal root - one per spinal nerve; location of the cell bodies of somatic afferent (sensory) neuronsdorsal scapular n. passes through the scalenus medius m.

during development of the gut, the stomach and esophagus rotate 90° to the right with the result that the left and right vagus nerves mix in the esophageal plexus and emerge as anterior and posterior vagal trunks (Latin, plexus = a braid)

anterior ethmoidal n. passes from the orbit into the anterior ethmoidal foramen, passes through the cribriform plate, passes anteriorly on cribriform plate, then exits the cranial cavity through the ethmoid fissure into the nasal cavity (Greek, ethomodial = sieve-like)

posterior ethmoidal n. exits the orbit by passing through the posterior ethmoid foramen (Greek, ethomodial = sieve-like)

there may be two or more external carotid nn. that join the external carotid plexus from the superior cervical ganglion


also known as: CN VII, 7th cranial nerve; exits the posterior cranial fossa by passing into the internal acoustic meatus, goes through the facial canal; motor to muscles of facial expression exits the skull at the stylomastoid foramen

cutaneous nn. carry postganglionic sympathetic axons to skin

passes under inguinal ligament lateral to femoral a.



"peroneal" is old terminology which has been replaced by "fibular"

anterior compartment syndrome - trauma to the anterior side of the leg can result in pressure buildup in the anterior compartment (from swelling or bleeding) that can damage the deep fibular n., resulting in "foot drop"

the most superior linear structure within the orbit

nail beds are supplied by nerves from the plantar surface of the foot

sympathetic ganglia; also known as: preaortic ganglia which include: celiac, aorticorenal, superior & inferior mesenteric; brs. of the vagal trunks pass through but do not synapse in collateral ganglia

minute ganglia located within the myenteric plexus; parasympathetic terminal ganglia

also known as: collateral ganglia which include the celiac ganglion, aorticorenal ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and inferior mesenteric ganglion; preganglionic parasympathetic axons of vagal trunk origin pass through the preaortic ganglia but do not terminal parasympathetic ganglia; parasympathetic terminal ganglia; also known as: Meissner's plexus

located lateral to the vertebral bodies in the neck, thorax & abdominopelvic cavity; the ganglia plus their interconnecting fibers are also known as the sympathetic trunk; preganglionic cell bodies are located in the intermediolateral gray matter of spinal cord levels T1-L2

a sympathetic ganglion; usually 2 celiac ganglia are located on the abdominal aorta at the origin of the celiac trunk; brs. of the vagal trunks pass through the celiac ganglion without synapsing (Greek, celiac = belly)

a parasympathetic ganglion; ciliary ganglion is located on the lateral side of the optic n. near the apex of the orbit; sensory and sympathetic axons pass through the ciliary ganglion without synapse - the sensory root is carried via the nasociliary n.and the sympathetic root arrives in the orbit via the internal carotid a.a sensory ganglion; located in the intervertebral foramen of the vertebral column on the dorsal root - one per spinal nerve; location of the cell bodies of somatic afferent (sensory) neuronsa sensory ganglion equivalent in histological structure and function to a dorsal root ganglion; some taste from the palate travels through the greater petrosal n. to the geniculate ganglion; located in the facial canal within the petrous portion of the temporal bonea sympathetic ganglion; located on the abdominal aorta at the origin of the inferior mesenteric a.; may be a series of small, indistinguishable ganglia rather than a single large one

a parasympathetic ganglion; the otic ganglion hangs off of the mandibular division of the trigeminal n. (V3) inferomedial to the foramen ovale

a sensory ganglion of the cochlear part of CN VIII

a parasympathetic ganglion; the pterygopalatine ganglion hangs off of the maxillary division of the trigeminal n. (V2) within the pterygopalatine fossa; preganglionic axons of the greater petrosal n. synapse here; postganglionic sympathetic axons of the deep petrosal n. pass through the otic ganglion without synapsing (they synapse in the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion)

a sensory ganglion equivalent in histological structure and function to a dorsal root ganglion; also known as. trigeminal or Gasserian ganglion

a sympathetic ganglion; stellate ganglion is formed by the fusion of the inferior cervical sympathetic ganglion and the T1 ganglion of the sympathetic trunk

a parasympathetic ganglion; submandibular ganglion is suspended from the lingual n. near the deep part of the submandibular gland

a sympathetic ganglion; located on the abdominal aorta at the origin of the superior mesenteric a.

a sensory ganglion equivalent in histological structure and function to a dorsal root ganglion; some taste from the palate travels through the greater petrosal n. to the geniculate ganglion; located in the facial canal within the petrous portion of the temporal bone (Latin, nerve to the geniohyoid m. travels with the hypoglossal nerve for a short distance in the superior neck

genitofemoral n. lies on the anterior surface of the psoas major in the abdomen; the genital br. passes through the deep inguinal ring and inguinal canal; brushing the thigh elicits an elevation of the testis via the cremasteric reflexalso known as: CN IX, 9th cranial nerve; the glossopharyngeal n. exits the posterior cranial fossa by passing through the jugular foramen;it may penetrate the stylopharyngeus m.

inferior gluteal n. passes through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis m.

superior gluteal n. passes through the greater sciatic foramen superior to the piriformis m.

gray rami communicantes connect the sympathetic chain to spinal nerves at all vertebral levels (Latin, ramus = a branch)

the great auricular n. crosses the superficial surface of the sternocleidomastoid m.

muscles innervated by this nerve develop from epimeres in the embryo

greater palatine n. passes through the greater palatine canal and foramen

greater petrosal n. joins the deep petrosal n. to form the n. of the pterygoid canal; the greater petrosal n. contains: preganglionic parasympathetic axons bound for the pterygopalatine ganglion where they will synapse; it passes through the hiatus of canal of greater petrosal n. in the petrous part of the temporal bone

greater thoracic splanchnic n. passes through the crus of the respiratory diaphragm; postganglionic processes from the celiac ganglion spread down the aorta and distribute with its branches; they innervate the vascular smooth of these vessels and vascular smooth muscle of the organs supplied

paired; hypogastric n. lies inferior to the common iliac vessels; it contains postganglionic sympathetic axons

inferior hypogastric plexus lies between the pelvic viscera and the pelvic wall (Latin, plexus = a braid)

superior hypogastric plexus is the continuation of the intermesenteric plexus; it crosses the pelvic brim (Latin, plexus = a braid)

also known as: CN XII, 12th cranial nerve; the hypoglossal n. exits the posterior cranial fossa by passing through the hypoglossal canal; the superior root of the ansa cervicalis travels with the hypoglossal n. for a short distance

iliohypogastric n. receives a contribution from T12 in approximately 50% of cases

ilioinguinal n. courses through the inguinal canal and superficial inguinal ring

inferior alveolar n. passes through the mandibular canal; the mental n. is its terminal branch which emerges through the mental foramen

inferior gluteal n. passes through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis m.


inferior laryngeal n. is the continuation of the recurrent laryngeal n., the name change occurs at the cricothyroid articulation

emerges at the lateral intermuscular septum just below the deltoid m.

a sympathetic ganglion; located on the abdominal aorta at the origin of the inferior mesenteric a.; may be a series of small, indistinguishable ganglia rather than a single large one

inferior mesenteric plexus contains no vagal parasympathetic fibers; pelvic splanchnic n. axons join the most distal nn. of the plexus near gut wall (Latin, plexus = a braid)

parasympathetic root carries GVE (preganglionic parasympathetic axons) to the ciliary ganglion - short ciliary nn. carry the postganglionic parasympathetic axons from the ciliary ganglion to the eyeball

inferior rectal nerve is one of the first branches of the

infraorbital n.passes through the infraorbital groove, canal and foramen

infratrochlear n. passes inferior to the trochlea of the superior oblique m. (Latin, trochlea = a pulley)

intercostal n.travels below the posterior intercostal a. in the costal groove

intercostobrachial n. communicates with the medial brachial cutaneous nerve

pain from respiratory diaphragm is referred to the shoulder

intermesenteric plexus is continuous with the superior mesenteric plexus; it continues inferiorly as the inferior mesenteric plexus and superior hypogastric plexus; intermesenteric plexus does not carry vagal parasympathetic fibers; located anterior to the abdominal aorta between the superior and inferior internal carotid n. appears to be the upward continuation of the sypathetic trunk


courses along the anterior surface of the interosseous membrane (Latin, inter = between + os = bone)

there is variability in the definition of this nerve; for some, deep radial and posterior interosseous are synonymous; others define this nerve as the articular br. to the wrist from the deep radial (Latin, inter = between + os = bone)communicates with the genital br. of the genitofemoral n.

communicates with the perineal br. of the posterior femoral cutaneous n.

lacrimal n. carries the postganglionic parasympathetic axons from the zygomaticotemporal br. of the maxillary n. that originate in the pterygopalatine ganglion (Latin, lacrima = a tear)

inferior laryngeal n. is the continuation of the recurrent laryngeal n., the name change occurs at the cricothyroid articulation

right recurrent laryngeal n. loops posteriorly around the right subclavian a.; left recurrent laryngeal n. loops posteriorly around the aortic arch and ligamentum arteriosum; the inferior laryngeal br. supplies all intrinsic muscles of the larynx EXCEPT the cricothyroid m.

external br. supplies the cricothyroid m.; all other intrinsic muscles of the larynx are supplied by the recurrent laryngeal n.

lateral antebrachial cutaneous n. emerges from the lateral intermuscular interval between biceps and brachialis; it is the continuation of the musculocutaneous n.cutaneous nn. carry postganglionic sympathetic axons to skin

lateral pectoral n. communicates with the medial pectoral n. anterior to the axillary a.; it pierces the clavipectoral fascialateral plantar n. accompanies the lateral plantar a. though the sole of the foot


contains postganglionic sympathetic axons for supply of sweat glands, arrector pili mm. and blood vessels

lesser occipital n. arises from the cervical plexus

these nerves bypass the ciliary ganglion

least thoracic splanchnic n.pass through the crus of the diaphragm; it synapses in minute ganglia located in the renal plexus

lesser palatine n. passes through the greater palatine canal and lesser palatine foramen

lesser petrosal n. synapses in the otic ganglion and postganglionic axons distribute to the parotid gland by joining the auriculotemporal n.

lesser thoracic splanchnic n. passes through the crus of the respiratory diaphragm; postganglionic processes from the ganglion supply vascular smooth muscle of branches of the renal a. and suprarenal aa.; kidney and suprarenal gland

lingual n. is joined by the chorda tympani (taste and preganglionic parasympathetic) from the facial n. in the infratemporal fossa; the submandibular ganglion hangs from the lingual nerve in the paralingual space

located on the superficial surface of the serratus anterior m.; lesion of this nerve causes scapular winging, hence the saying "C5, 6, & 7 keep the wings from heaven"subscapularis and teres major are antagonists (medial rotation vs. lateral rotation of the humerus)

lumbar nn. enter into the formation of the lumbar and sacral plexuses and do not give branches directly to muscles or skin

lumbar plexus is noted for its variable branching pattern of nerves that supply the abdominal wall (Latin, plexus = a braid)

sympathetic nerves; there are four of these on each side; lumbar splanchnic nn. contribute to preaortic abdominal plexuses (celiac, superior mesenteric, intermesenteric, superior hypogastric)

also known as: lumbar & sacral plexuses (Latin, inter = between + os = bone)

the lumbosacral trunk is not considered to be part of the lumbar plexus

also known as: V3; passes through the foramen ovale to exit the middle cranial fossa; the otic ganglion is associated with the medial side of V3 below the foramen ovale; the auriculotemporal n. carries postganglionic parasympathetic axons to the parotid gland; the submandibular ganglion is associated withe the lingual n. near the submandibular gland; postganglionic parasympathetics from the submandibular ganglion supply the submandibular gland and the sublingual gland

communicates with the intercostobrachial n.

branches of the facial nerve innervate muscles derived from the mesenchyme of the second pharygeal arch

masseteric n. passes over the mandibular notch to reach the deep surface of the masseter m.also known as: V2; maxillary division of the trigeminal n. passes through the foramen rotundum to enter the pterygopalatine fossa; the pterygopalatine ganglion is associated with it in the pterygopalatine fossa; postganglionic parasympathetic fibers distribute with branches of the maxillary division to mucous glands of the nasal cavity and palate; the zygomatic n. & its brs. carry postganglionic parasympathetic axons to the orbit to reach the lacrimal n. and lacrimal gland

medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve travels with the basilic vein for part of its course

medial pectoral n. communicates with the lateral pectoral n. anterior to the axillary a.; it pierces the pectoralis minor m.medial plantar n. accompanies the medial plantar a. though the sole of the foot


unites with fibular communicating br. to form the sural n.

mental n. passes through the mental foramen

the median n. is motor to the flexor muscles of the forearm (except flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial 1/2 of the flexor digitorum profundus),the muscles of the thenar compartment and the lateral 2 lumbricals

a sympathetic ganglion; located on the abdominal aorta at the origin of the inferior mesenteric a.; may be a series of small, indistinguishable ganglia rather than a single large one



also called the thoracodorsal n.

superior mesenteric plexus contains a mixture of vagal (preganglionic parasympathetic) axons and postganglionic sympathetic axons (Latin, plexus = a braid)

middle superior alveolar n. is enclosed in bone its entire length

musculocutaneous n. passes through the coracobrachialis m.

minute ganglia located within the myenteric plexus; parasympathetic terminal ganglia

parasympathetic terminal ganglia are located here; also known as: Auerbach's plexus (Latin, plexus = a braid)

n. to mylohyoid arises near the lingula of the mandible; course within the mylohyoid groove of the mandible

the distribution of this nerve is indicated by its name - nasociliary

nasopalatine n. innervates the mucosa overlying the primary palate (development); it passes through two openings in bone: sphenopalatine foramen and incisive canal

nervus intermedius occupies an intermediate position between the motor root of VII and cranial n. VIII when they enter the internal acoustic meatus

nerve to obturator internus m. crosses the ischial spine and enters the ischioanal fossa by passing through the lesser sciatic foramen

obturator n. passes through the obturator canal

lesser occipital n. arises from the cervical plexus



also known as: CN III; oculomotor n. passes through the superior orbital fissure to exit the middle cranial fossa

contains: preganglionic axons of the greater petrosal n. bound for pterygopalatine ganglion where they will synapse; postganglionic sympathetic axons of the deep petrosal n. which will pass through the pterygopalatine ganglion without synapsing

also known as: CN I, 1st cranial n.; multiple olfactory filaments pass through the cribriform plate to exit the anterior cranial fossa and synapse in the olfactory bulb; the olfactory tract carries the signal from the bulb to olfactory cortex of the forebrain

also known as: V1; the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal n. passes through the superior orbital fissure to exit the middle cranial fossa; the lacrimal n. receives postganglionic parasympathetic axons to the lacrimal gland from the zygomaticotemporal br. of the zygomatic n.

also known as: CN II, 2nd cranial nerve; the course of the optic nerve is: through the optic canal to the optic chiasma, then the optic tract to the lateral geniculate body and optic radiationa parasympathetic ganglion; the otic ganglion hangs off of the mandibular division of the trigeminal n. (V3) inferomedial to the foramen ovale

greater palatine n. passes through the greater palatine canal and foramen

lesser palatine n. passes through the greater palatine canal and lesser palatine foramen

the proper branches of these nerves also supply the dorsum of the tip of the digit (nail bed)

proper palmar digital nn. supply the dorsum of the tip of the digit (nail bed)

lateral pectoral n. communicates with the medial pectoral n. anterior to the axillary a.; it pierces the clavipectoral fasciamedial pectoral n. communicates with the lateral pectoral n. anterior to the axillary a.; it pierces the pectoralis minor m.parasympathetic nerves; these contain preganglionic parasympathetic axons

perforating cutaneous n. pierces the sacrotuberous ligament

perineal n.branches from the pudendal n. at the posterior margin of the urogenital diaphragm

"peroneal" is old terminology which has been replaced "peroneal" is old terminology which has been replaced "peroneal" is old terminology which has been replaced by fibulardeep petrosal n. joins the greater petrosal n. to form the n. of the pterygoid canal; the deep petrosal n. contains postganglionic sympathetic axons (synapse occurred in the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion)

greater petrosal n. joins the deep petrosal n. to form the n. of the pterygoid canal; the greater petrosal n. contains: preganglionic parasympathetic axons bound for the pterygopalatine ganglion where they will synapse; it passes through the hiatus of canal of greater petrosal n. in the petrous part of the temporal bone

lesser petrosal n. synapses in the otic ganglion and postganglionic axons distribute to the parotid gland by joining the auriculotemporal n.

the muscles of the pharyngeal wall are skeletal m. derived from the mesenchyme of the 4th pharyngeal arch (Latin, plexus = a braid)

phrenic n. crosses the anterior surface of the anterior scalene m. (Greek, phrenic = diaphragm)



lateral plantar n. accompanies the lateral plantar a. though the sole of the foot

medial plantar n. accompanies the medial plantar a. though the sole of the foot

axons from spinal cord levels C5-T1 are mixed (braided) in the brachial plexus and repackaged into terminal branches so that each branch contains axons from several spinal cord segmental levels (Latin, plexus = a braid)

cardiac plexus is continuous with the coronary and pulmonary plexuses; thoracic visceral nn. carry pain from the heart to the upper thoracic spinal cord segments resulting in pain referred to the left upper limb in the T1 and T2 dermatomes (Latin, plexus = a braid)

close association of the supraclavicular nn. to the phrenic n. results in pain from the respiratory diaphragm referred to the shoulder (Latin, plexus = a braid)

only part of the S4 ventral primary ramus is contributed to the coccygeal plexus (Latin, plexus = a braid)during development of the gut, the stomach and esophagus rotate 90° to the right with the result that the left and right vagus nerves mix in the esophageal plexus and emerge as anterior and posterior vagal trunks (Latin, plexus = a braid)




intermesenteric plexus is continuous with the superior mesenteric plexus; it continues inferiorly as the inferior mesenteric plexus and superior hypogastric plexus; intermesenteric plexus does not carry vagal parasympathetic fibers; located anterior to the abdominal aorta between the superior and inferior postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers use arteries as roadways to enter the head and neck (Latin, plexus = a braid)

lumbar plexus is noted for its variable branching pattern of nerves that supply the abdominal wall (Latin, plexus = a braid)

also known as: lumbar & sacral plexuses (Latin, plexus = a braid)

parasympathetic terminal ganglia are located here; also known as: Auerbach's plexus (Latin, plexus = a braid)

the muscles of the pharyngeal wall are skeletal m. derived from the mesenchyme of the 4th pharyngeal arch (Latin, plexus = a braid)

the autonomic nerve plexuses of the pelvis (prostatic, rectal and vesical in the male; rectal and uterovaginal in the female) are in communication with each other (Latin, plexus = a braid)

pulmonary plexus is located along the pulmonary vessels and primary bronchi in the root of the lung (Latin, plexus = a braid)

rectal plexus is continuous with the vesical plexus in the male, uterovaginal plexus in the female (Latin, plexus = a braid)

renal plexus contains postganglionic sympathetic axons and preganglionic parasympathetic axons (parasympathetic axons are of vagal origin) (Latin, plexus = a braid)

the sacral plexus is often grouped with the lumbar plexus as the "lumbosacral plexus" (Latin, plexus = a braid)



the uterovaginal plexus is a subsidiary plexus of the inferior hypogastric plexus (Latin, plexus = a braid)

vesical plexus is continuous with the other autonomic nerve plexuses in the pelvis and cannot be distinguished from them (Latin, plexus = a braid)

posterior antebrachial cutaneous n. passes posterior to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus

emerges medial to the long head of the triceps brachii musclea branch of the motor root of CN V; temporalis m. developed from the mesenchyme of the first pharyngeal archposterior ethmoidal n. exits the orbit by passing through the posterior ethmoid foramen (Latin, ethmoidal = sieve -like)


there is variability in the definition of this nerve; for some, deep radial and posterior interosseous are synonymous; others define this nerve as the articular br. to the wrist from the deep radial (Latin, inter = between + os = bone)communicates with the perineal br. of the posterior femoral cutaneous n. (Latin, labial = lips)

posterior scrotal n. communicates with the perineal br. of the posterior femoral cutaneous n.posterior superior alveolar n. enters bone by passing through the small foramina on the posterior surface of the maxilla

also known as: collateral ganglia which include the celiac ganglion, aorticorenal ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and inferior mesenteric ganglion; preganglionic parasympathetic axons of vagal trunk origin pass through the preaortic ganglia but do not proper palmar digital nn. supply the dorsum of the tip of the digit (nail bed)


the autonomic nerve plexuses of the pelvis (prostatic, rectal and vesical in the male; rectal and uterovaginal in the female) are in communication with each other (Latin, plexus = a braid)

a parasympathetic ganglion; the pterygopalatine ganglion hangs off of the maxillary division of the trigeminal n. (V2) within the pterygopalatine fossa; preganglionic axons of the greater petrosal n. synapse here; postganglionic sympathetic axons of the deep petrosal n. pass through the otic ganglion without synapsing (they synapse in the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion)

pudendal n. passes through the pudendal canal formed by fascia on the medial surface of the obturator internus m.

pulmonary plexus is located along the pulmonary vessels and primary bronchi in the root of the lung (Latin, plexus = a braid)

nerve to the quadratus femoris m. passes anterior to the obturator internus tendon

all of the muscles on the posterior side of the arm and forearm are innervated by the radial n.

deep radial n. passes through the supinator m.; some authors believe that the posterior interosseous n. and the deep radial n. are synonymous, others say that when the deep radial n. emerges from the supinator in the posterior forearm it becomes the posterior interosseous n., and others say that the deep radial n. does not become the posterior interosseous n. until after its last muscular br. has been given off

superficial radial n. is located deep to the brachioradialis muscle

gray rami communicantes connect the sympathetic chain to spinal nerves at all vertebral levels (Latin, ramus = a branch)

white rami communicantes connect the sympathetic chain to spinal nerves at vertebral levels T1-L2; carries preganglionic sympathetic axons (Latin, ramus = a branch)



rectal plexus is continuous with the vesical plexus in the male, uterovaginal plexus in the female (Latin, plexus = a braid)

inferior rectal nerve is one of the first branches of the

right recurrent laryngeal n. loops posteriorly around the right subclavian a.; left recurrent laryngeal n. loops posteriorly around the aortic arch and ligamentum arteriosum; the inferior laryngeal br. supplies all intrinsic muscles of the larynx EXCEPT the cricothyroid m.

renal plexus contains postganglionic sympathetic axons and preganglionic parasympathetic axons (parasympathetic axons are of vagal origin) (Latin, plexus = a braid)

dorsal root is entirely sensory in function; it is located dorsal to the denticulate ligament

entirely motor in function; located ventral to the denticulate ligament; at all spinal core levels it contains GSE for skeletal mm.; at levels T1-L2 it contains GVE (preganglionic sympathetic) for blood vessels, sweat glands, thoracic viscera, abdominal the sacral plexus is often grouped with the lumbar plexus as the "lumbosacral plexus" (Latin, plexus = a braid)

sacral splanchnic nn. contain both preganglionic and postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers with postganglionic fibers predominating in number

saphenous n. travels with the great saphenous v.; it does not pass through the adductor hiatus at the knee; it passes anterior to the medial malleolus at the ankle (Latin, saphenous = clearly visible)sciatic n. is composed of tibial and common fibular divisions; branches to muscles come from one of the two divisions, so that the sciatic n. is considered to have no direct muscular brs., only 2 terminal brs.

anterior scrotal n. is the continuation of the ilioinguinal n. at the superficial inguinal ring; it communicates with the genital br. of the genitofemoral n.posterior scrotal n. communicates with the perineal br. of the posterior femoral cutaneous n.a sensory ganglion equivalent in histological structure and function to a dorsal root ganglion; also known as. trigeminal or Gasserian ganglion

short ciliary nn. are mixed nerves which contain sensory and 2 types of autonomic nerve fibers; postganglionic parasympathetic neurons whose axons are located in these nerves have their cell bodies located in the ciliary ganglion

a sensory ganglion of the cochlear part of CN VIII

located at the intervertebral foramen; there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves - 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal

greater thoracic splanchnic n. passes through the crus of the respiratory diaphragm; postganglionic processes from the celiac ganglion spread down the aorta and distribute with its branches; they innervate the vascular smooth of these vessels and vascular smooth muscle of the organs supplied

least thoracic splanchnic n.pass through the crus of the diaphragm; it synapses in minute ganglia located in the renal plexus

lesser thoracic splanchnic n. passes through the crus of the respiratory diaphragm; postganglionic processes from the ganglion supply vascular smooth muscle of branches of the renal a. and suprarenal aa.; kidney and suprarenal gland

sympathetic nerves; there are four of these on each side; lumbar splanchnic nn. contribute to preaortic abdominal plexuses (celiac, superior mesenteric, intermesenteric, superior hypogastric)

parasympathetic nerves; these contain preganglionic parasympathetic axons

sacral splanchnic nn. contain both preganglionic and postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers with postganglionic fibers predominating in number

stellate ganglion is formed by the fusion of the inferior cervical sympathetic ganglion and the T1 ganglion of the sympathetic trunk (Latin, stellate = star shaped)

nerve to subclavius m. is one of two nerves to arise from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus; suprascapular n. is the other onethe subcostal n. is equivalent to a posterior intercostal n. found at higher thoracic levelsa terminal parasympathetic ganglion; submandibular ganglion is suspended from the lingual n. near the deep part of the submandibular gland

terminal parasympathetic ganglia; parasympathetic terminal ganglia; also known as: Meissner's plexus

spinal nerve C1 has NO cutaneous distribution

also called the thoracodorsal n.

subscapularis and teres major are antagonists (medial rotation vs. lateral rotation of the humerus)

mesenchyme that forms the subscapularis is derived from somites C5 and C6

nail beds are supplied by nerves from the plantar surface of the foot

superficial radial n. is located deep to the brachioradialis muscle

superior gluteal n. passes through the greater sciatic foramen superior to the piriformis m.


emerges at the posterior edge of the deltoid muscle

external br. supplies the cricothyroid m.; all other intrinsic muscles of the larynx are supplied by the recurrent laryngeal n.






supraorbital nerve passes through the supraorbital foramen (notch)

suprascapular n. passes through the suprascapular notch inferior to the superior transverse scapular ligament

supratrochlear n. passes superior to the trochlea (pulley) of the superior oblique m.

contains postganglionic sympathetic axons for supply of sweat glands, arrector pili mm. and blood vesselsunites with fibular communicating br. to form the sural n.

sural n. courses posterior to the lateral malleolus at the ankle with the lesser saphenous v.

located lateral to the vertebral bodies in the neck, thorax & abdominopelvic cavity; the ganglia plus their interconnecting fibers are also known as the sympathetic trunk; preganglionic cell bodies are located in the intermediolateral gray matter of spinal cord levels T1-L2

located parallel to the vertebral bodies in the neck; there are no white rami communicantes at cervical levels

also called the middle subscapular n.

T1 is the highest spinal nerve to have a white ramus communicans (Latin, ramus = a branch)

a branch of the motor root of CN V; temporalis m. developed from the mesenchyme of the first pharyngeal archa branch of the motor root of CN V; temporalis m. developed from the mesenchyme of the first pharyngeal archtemporofacial division of the facial n. usually forms a loop by communication anteriorly with the cervicofacial division

tibial n. is the larger of the two divisions of the sciatic n.

chemoreception (blood pH) in carotid body; blood pressure receptors in carotid sinus; both located near the bifurcation of the common carotid a.; the vagus n. (X) may share a role in this innervationnerve to coccygeus enters the muscle on its pelvic surface

the anterior belly of the digastric m. is formed by mesenchyme from the 1st pharyngeal arch and is supplied by the n. to the mylohyoid m. (V3)nerve to the geniohyoid m. travels with the hypoglossal nerve for a short distance in the superior neck

nerve to obturator internus m. crosses the ischial spine and enters the ischioanal fossa by passing through the lesser sciatic foramen

nerve to the quadratus femoris m. passes anterior to the obturator internus tendon

nerve to subclavius m. is one of two nerves to arise from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus; suprascapular n. is the other onetransverse cervical n. penetrates the platysma m. but does not innervate italso known as: CN V, 5th cranial nerve; some brs. carry pre- or postganglionic parasympathetic fibers; the trigeminal n. divides into three divisions at the trigeminal ganglion; SVE supplies muscles of 1st pharyngeal arch origin

also known as: CN IV, 4th cranial nerve; the trochlear n. passes through the superior orbital fissure to exit the middle cranial fossa; it is the smallest cranial nerve and the only cranial nerve to arise from dorsum of brainstem (Latin, trochlea = a pulley)tympanic n. passes from the inferior ganglion of CN IX through the tympanic canaliculus to reach the middle ear (Latin, tympanum = a kettle drum)

ulnar n. is motor to most of the muscles of the hand (Latin, ulna = elbow)

mesenchyme that forms the subscapularis is derived from somites C5 and C6

the uterovaginal plexus is a subsidiary plexus of the inferior hypogastric plexus (Latin, plexus = a braid)

also known as: CN X, 10th cranial nerve; the vagus n. passes through the jugular foramen to exit the posterior cranial fossa; (Latin, vagus = wanderer, due to its wide distribution to the body cavities)

vestibular n. is part of the vestibulocochlear n.


entirely motor in function; located ventral to the denticulate ligament; at all spinal core levels it contains GSE for skeletal mm.; at levels T1-L2 it contains GVE (preganglionic sympathetic) for blood vessels, sweat glands, thoracic viscera, abdominal vesical plexus is continuous with the other autonomic nerve plexuses in the pelvis and cannot be distinguished from them (Latin, plexus = a braid)

also known as: CN VIII, 8th cranial nerve; auditory nerve; passes into the internal auditory meatus

white rami communicantes connect the sympathetic chain to spinal nerves at vertebral levels T1-L2; carries preganglionic sympathetic axons (Latin, ramus = a branch)

zygomatic n. carries postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion to the lacrimal gland (via the communicating br. of the zygomaticotemporal n. which joins the lacrimal n.)zygomaticofacial n. passes through the zygomaticofacial foramen

zygomaticotemporal n. carries postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion to the lacrimal gland (via the communicating br. which joins the lacrimal n.)

Arteries of the Body - Listed AlphabeticallyArtery Source Branches Supply to

infraorbital a.

maxillary a.

infraorbital a.

maxillary a.

angular facial a. no named branches

anterior cecal ileocolic a. cecum

perforating aa.

maxillary a. no named branches

ophthalmic a.

basilar a. labyrinthine (usually)

alveolar, anterior superior

dental brs., mucosal brs.

maxillary incisor and canine teeth; part of the maxillary sinus

alveolar, inferior

lingual br., mylohyoid a., dental brs., mental a.

mandibular teeth and gingiva; mandible; mylohyoid m.

alveolar, middle superior


maxillary premolar teeth; part of the maxillary sinus

alveolar, posterior superior


maxillary molar teeth; part of the maxillary sinus

orbicularis oculi m. and lacrimal sac

occasionally the appendicular a.

anterior cerebral

internal carotid a.

anterior communicating a., medial frontobasal a., polar frontal a., callosomarginal a., precuneal a.

medial and inferior portions of the frontal lobe; medial side of the parietal lobe; corpus callosum and part of the limbic lobe; olfactory bulb and tract; optic

anterior circumflex humeral

axillary a., 3rd part

unnamed muscular branches

deltoid m.; arm muscles near the surgical neck of the humerus

anterior communicating

anterior cerebral a.

an anastomotic connection

anterior deep temporal

anterior part of temporalis m. and surrounding deep tissuesanterior

ethmoidalanterior meningeal a., anterior septal br., anterior lateral nasal br.

anterior ethmoidal air cells, frontal paranasal sinus, dura mater in the anterior cranial fossa, nasal mucosa, olfactory anterior

inferior cerebellar

pons (motor nucleus of cranial nerve V, chief sensory nucleus of cranial nerve V, abducens nucleus, facial nucleus, superior anterior

inferior pancreaticoduodenal

inferior pancreaticoduodenal a.

pancreatic brs., duodenal brs.

lower duodenum and head of the pancreas

anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal



lower duodendum and head of the pancreas

no named branches lateral side of the ankle

no named branches medial side of the ankle

pial arterial plexus

infraorbital a.

anterior tibial popliteal a.

no named branches

maxillary a. no named branches middle ear

ulnar a. unnamed muscular brs.

anterior intercostal

internal thoracic a. (upper 6 intercostal spaces), musculophrenic a. (7-10th


intercostal muscles anteriorly; skin overlying the intercostal muscles

anterior interosseous

common interosseous a.

muscular brs.; a. of the median nerve

flexor pollicis longus m., flexor digitorum profundus m., pronator quadratus m., radius, ulna, carpal bonesanterior

lateral malleolar

anterior tibial a.

anterior medial malleolar

anterior tibial a.

anterior radicular

they arise as multiple branches of several vessels (vertebral, posterior

they accompany the ventral rootlets to reach the spinal cord

meninges; spinal cord; spinal nerve; ventral rootlets

anterior spinal

contributions received from several arteries (vertebral, posterior intercostal, subcostal,

meninges; spinal cord; medulla (dorsal motor nucleus of cranial nerve X, nucleus ambiguus, spinal accessory nucleus and hypoglossal nucleus)

anterior superior alveolar


maxillary incisor and canine teeth; part of the maxillary sinus

anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal

gastroduodenal a.


upper duodenum and head of the pancreas

anterior tibial recurrent a., posterior tibial recurrent a., anterior malleolar a., medial malleolar a., lateral malleolar a., dorsalis

anterior leg; dorsum of foot and deep foot

anterior tibial recurrent

anterior tibial a.

anterior side of the knee and adjacent muscles

anterior tympanic

anterior ulnar recurrent

medial side of elbow and proximal ends of forearm flexor mm.

heart, entire body

aortic arch

appendicular no named branches vermiform appendix

arch, aortic

dorsal metacarpal aa.

interlobar a. interlobular aa. renal cortex

no named branches

aorta, abdominal

the continuation of the descending thoracic aorta

inferior phrenic aa. (2), celiac trunk, middle suprarenal aa. (2), lumbar aa. (4 pairs), superior mesenteric a., renal aa. (2), testicular/ovarian aa.

abdominal wall; gastrointestinal tract; body below the level of the respiratory diaphragm

aorta, ascending

left ventricle of the heart

left and right coronary aa.

aorta, descending thoracic

continuation of aortic arch

posterior intercostal aa. 3-11, subcostal aa., left bronchial aa. (2), esophageal aa. (~3), mediastinal brs., superior phrenic aa.

thoracic wall, lungs, posterior mediastinum, body below the respiratory diaphragm

the continuation of the ascending aorta

brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid a., left subclavian a.

the entire body except the heart

posterior cecal, anterior cecal or ileocolic

the continuation of the ascending aorta

brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid a., left subclavian a.

the entire body except the heart

arch, deep palmar

radial a., deep br. of ulnar a.

palmar metacarpal aa. (2nd-4th), perforating brs.

deep palm, digits including the dorsum of the distal phalangeal segmentarch, dorsal

carpal arterial

radial a., ulnar a.

dorsum of the hand and digits, excluding the distal phalangeal segmentarch, plantar

arteriallateral plantar a.

plantar metatarsal aa. (4)

deep foot; its plantar metatarsal brs. and their brs. supply the toes, including the dorsum of the distal arch,

superficial palmar

ulnar a., superficial palmar br. of the radial a.

common palmar digital aa. (3)

superficial palm, palmar surface of the digits excluding thumb, dorsum of the distal phalangeal segments of arcuate, of

footdorsalis pedis a.

dorsal metatarsal aa. (3)

dorsum of the foot, excluding the pollex and the distal phalangeal segments of the digitsarcuate, of

kidneyartery of the ductus deferens

umbilical a.; may be a branch of the superior or inferior

ductus deferens, seminal vesical; possibly supplies the ureter

no named branches

no named branches

heart, entire body

facial a. no named branches

pharynx, meninges

no named branches


axillary

Artery Source Branches Supply tobasilar

brachial arm, forearm and hand

artery to the atrioventricular node

right coronary a. near the point where it becomes the posterior

atrioventricular node and the surrounding myocardium

artery to the sinuatrial node

right coronary a.

sinuatrial node and the surrounding myocardium

ascending aorta

left ventricle of the heart

left and right coronary aa.

ascending cervical

inferior thyroid a.


deep muscles of the neck

ascending palatine

superior pharyngeal constrictor, soft palate, palatine tonsil

ascending pharyngeal

external carotid a.

pharyngeal brs., inferior tympanic a., posterior meningeal a.

atrioventricular nodal



auricular, deep

external auditory meatus, tympanic membraneauricular,

posteriorexternal carotid a.

stylomastoid br., auricular br., occipital br.

part of the external ear, scalp and deeper structures posterior to the earsubclavian a.

(axillary a. is the continuation of the subclavian lateral to the

1st part: superior thoracic a.; 2nd part: thoracoacromial a., lateral thoracic a.; 3rd part: anterior humeral circumflex a., posterior humeral circumflex a.,

pectoral region, shoulder region and upper limb

formed by the joining of the two vertebral aa.

pontine brs., anterior inferior cerebellar a., superior cerebellar a., two posterior cerebral aa. (terminal brs.)

pons (motor nucleus of cranial nerve V, chief sensory nucleus of cranial nerve V, abducens nucleus, facial nucleus, superior salivatory nucleus); oculomotor nucleus;

axillary a. (brachial a. is the continuation of the axillary a. distal to

deep brachial a., superior ulnar collateral a., nutrient a., inferior ulnar collateral a.; terminal branches are the radial a. and the

brachial, deep brachial a.

aortic arch

bronchial, left

no named branches

buccal maxillary a. no named branches

no named branches

no named branches

Artery Source Branches Supply tono named branches tympanic cavity


splenic a. tail of the pancreas

ileocolic a.

ascending br.; terminal branches are the middle collateral a. and radial collateral a.

muscles and tissues of the posterior compartment of the arm

brachiocephalic trunk

right common carotid a., right subclavian a.

right side of the head and neck; right upper limb and right side of the chest walldescending

thoracic aortaright bronchial a. (occasionally)

lower trachea, bronchial tree

bronchial, right

3rd right posterior intercostal

lower trachea, bronchial treecheek and associated muscles

of bulb of penis


bulb of the penis and associated tissues

of bulb of vestibule


bulb of the vestibule and associated tissues

caroticotympanic

internal carotid a.

carotid, common

brachiocephalic trunk (right), aortic arch (left)

external carotid a., internal carotid a.

most of the head and upper neck

carotid, external

common carotid a.

superior thyroid a., ascending pharyngeal a., lingual a., facial a., occipital a., posterior auricular a., maxillary a., superficial temporal

upper neck, face and scalp

carotid, internal

common carotid a.

none in the neck; in the head: ophthalmic a., posterior communicating a., anterior cerebral a., middle cerebral a.

brain; eye and orbit; forehead

carpal arterial arch, dorsal

radial a., ulnar a.

dorsum of the hand and digits, excluding the distal phalangeal segmentcaudal

pancreaticnumerous small aa. that supply the pancreas

cecal, anterior

may give off the appendicular a.

anterior surface of the cecum

ileocolic a.

celiac trunk

ophthalmic a. retina

basilar a. labyrinthine a. (usually)

vertebral a. posterior spinal a.

basilar a. no named branches

brain and midbrain

basilar a.

cecal, posterior

may give off the appendicular a.

posterior surface of the cecum

abdominal aorta at the level of the T12-L1 intervertebral

left gastric a., splenic a., common hepatic a.

stomach, lower esophagus, liver, upper duodenum, pancreas, spleen

central, of retina

superior nasal br., inferior nasal br., superior temporal br., inferior temporal br.

cerebellar, anterior inferior

pons (motor nucleus of cranial nerve V, chief sensory nucleus of cranial nerve V, abducens nucleus, facial nucleus, superior cerebellar,

posterior inferior

part of cerebellum; medulla (cochlear nucleus, vestibular nucleus, dorsal motor nucleus of cranial nerve cerebellar,

superiorupper cerebellum; trochlear nucleus

cerebral, anterior

internal carotid a.

anterior communicating a., medial frontobasal a., polar frontal a., callosomarginal a., precuneal a.

medial and inferior portions of the frontal lobe; medial side of the parietal lobe; corpus callosum and part of the limbic lobe; olfactory bulb and tract; optic

cerebral arterial circle

an anastomotic circle of blood vessels formed by portions of the following vessels: posterior cerebral aa. (2); posterior communicating aa. (2); internal

this is an anastomotic loop; major named vessels connect here, but there are no named branches of the arterial circle

cerebral, middle

internal carotid a.

lateral frontobasal a.; prefrontal sulcal a.; precentral sulcal a.; central sulcal a.; anterior parietal a.; posterior parietal a.;

frontal, parietal and temporal lobes, especially on their lateral surfaces

cerebral, posterior

posterior cerebral a.; anterior and posterior temporal brs.; medial occipital a.

part of the brainstem (oculomotor nucleus, nucleus of Edinger-Westphal, trochlear nucleus); medial and inferior portions of the cervical,

ascendinginferior thyroid a.


deep muscles of the neck

cervical, deep

choroidal no named branches

no named branches anterior part of eyeball

ophthalmic a. no named branches eyeball

circumflex

lateral thigh and hip

medial thigh and hip

anterior tibial

femoral a.

no named branches

no named branches

colic, left descending colon

costocervical trunk


deep muscles of the posterior neck

cervical, transverse

thyrocervical trunk

unnamed muscular branches, possibly the dorsal scapular a.

trapezius muscle and surrounding tissues

internal carotid a.

choroid plexus; optic nerve, optic chiasm and optic tractciliary,

anteriormuscular brs. of the ophthalmic a.

ciliary, posterior

left coronary a.

marginal br., possibly posterior artery of the left ventricle

posterior surface of the left ventricle

circumflex femoral, lateral

deep femoral a.

ascending br., transverse br., descending br.

circumflex femoral, medial

deep femoral a.

ascending br., descending br.

circumflex fibular


proximal portion of lateral leg

circumflex humeral, anterior




circumflex humeral, posterior



deltoid; arm muscles near the surgical neck of the humerus

circumflex iliac, deep

external iliac a.


iliacus muscle and the lower abdominal wall

circumflex iliac, superficial


superficial fascia of lower abdomen and thigh

circumflex scapular

subscapular a.


teres major m., teres minor m., infraspinatus m.

clitoris, deep a. of


corpus cavernosum of the clitoris

clitoris, dorsal a. of


superficial structures of the clitoris

inferior mesenteric a.


colic, middle right br., left br. transverse colon

colic, right ascending colon

brachial a. lower medial arm

lower lateral arm

brachial a. medial arm muscles

celiac trunk

common iliac pelvis, lower limb

ulnar a.

perforating aa.

perforating aa.

coronary, left

superior mesenteric

superior mesenteric (or br. of)


collateral, inferior ulnar


collateral, middle

deep brachial a.


medial head of triceps, anconeus

collateral, radial

deep brachial a.


collateral, superior ulnar


common carotid

brachiocephalic trunk (right), aortic arch (left)

external carotid a., internal carotid a.

most of the head and upper neck

common hepatic

gastroduodenal a., proper hepatic a.

liver, upper part of the duodenum, part of the pancreas, part of the stomachabdominal

aortaexternal iliac a., internal iliac a.

common interosseous

anterior interosseous a., posterior interosseous a.

deep structures of the forearm

common palmar digital


proper palmar digital aa. (2)

palmar aspect two adjacent digits

communicating, anterior

anterior cerebral a.


communicating, posterior

internal carotid a.


ascending aorta

anterior interventricular a., circumflex a.

left ventricle, left atrium, anterosuperior 2/3 of the interventricular septum

coronary, right

ascending aorta

sinuatrial nodal a., right marginal a., posterior interventricular a., atrioventricular nodal a.

right ventricle, right atrium, inferior 1/3 of the interventricular septum

cremasteric no named branches

cricothyroid no named branches

cystic no named branches gall bladder

Artery Source Branches Supply todeep brachial brachial a.

deep cervical

femoral a.

deep femoral femoral a.

deep lingual lingual a. no named branches anterior tongue

deep plantar dorsalis pedis

no named branches

deep, of penis no named branches

femoral a.

maxillary a. palate

costocervical trunk

subclavian a., 2nd part

deep cervical a., highest intercostal a.

deep muscles of the posterior neck; posterior ends of the first 2 intercostal spaces

inferior epigastric a.

cremaster m., coverings of the spermatic cord

superior thyroid a.

cricothyroid m., inferior pharyngeal constrictor m.

right hepatic a. (or superior mesenteric a., proper hepatic a.,

ascending br.; terminal branches are the middle collateral a. and radial collateral a.

muscles and tissues of the posterior compartment of the arm

costocervical trunk


deep muscles of the posterior neck

deep external pudendal


origins of pectineus m., adductor longus m.; scrotum/labium majus

medial circumflex femoral a., lateral circumflex femoral a., perforating aa. (3 or 4)

hip joint, proximal thigh, posterior thigh

deep palmar arch

radial a., deep br. of ulnar a.


deep palm, digits including the dorsum of the distal phalangeal segmentplantar metatarsal aa.

(4)deep foot; its plantar metatarsal brs. and their brs. supply the toes, including the dorsum of the distal deep, of

clitorisinternal pudendal a.

corpus cavernosum of the clitoris


corpus cavernosum of the penis

descending genicular

saphenous br., articular brs.

skin and superficial structures of the medial aspect of the knee and upper legdescending

palatinegreater palatine a., lesser palatine a.

no named branches

no named branches


no named branches

no named branches

dorsal lingual lingual a. no named branches

dorsal digital aa. (2)


dorsal nasal ophthalmic a. no named branches dorsum of the nose

splenic a. right br., left br. neck of the pancreas

no named branches

no named branches

dorsalis pedis

no named branches

Artery Source Branches Supply to

digital, common palmar




digital, proper palmar

common palmar digital a.

palmar aspect of each digit

digital, proper plantar

plantar metatarsal a., from the plantar

plantar aspect of each digit

dorsal carpal arterial arch

radial a., ulnar a.

dorsum of the hand and digits, excluding the distal phalangeal segmentdorsal digital,

of footdorsal metatarsal a.

dorsal aspect of 1/2 digit, excluding the distal phalangeal segmentdorsal digital,

of handdorsal metacarpal a.

dorsal aspect of 1/2 digit, excluding the distal phalangeal segmentposterior tongue, palatine tonsil, soft palatedorsal

metacarpal1st: radial a.; 2-4: dorsal carpal arterial arch

dorsum of 2 adjacent digits, excluding the distal phalangeal segmentdorsal

metatarsaldorsalis pedis (1st), arcuate (2nd-4th)

dorsum of digits, excluding the distal phalangeal segment

dorsal pancreatic

dorsal scapular

subclavian a., 3rd part


levator scapulae m., rhomboideus major m., rhomboideus minor m.

dorsal, of clitoris


superficial tissues of the clitoris

dorsal, of penis


superficial tissues of the penis

anterior tibial a.

lateral tarsal a., medial tarsal a., arcuate a., 1st dorsal metatarsal a., deep plantar a.

dorsal aspect of the foot;

ductus deferens, artery of

umbilical a.; may be a branch of the superior or inferior

ductus deferens, seminal vesical; possibly supplies the ureter

cremasteric a.

femoral a. cutaneous brs.

no named branches

esophageal no named branches

ophthalmic a.

ophthalmic a. no named branches

external iliac lower limb

femoral a.

femoral a. no named branches

Artery Source Branches Supply tofacial

epigastric, inferior

external iliac a.

lower rectus abdominis m., pyramidalis m., lower abdominal wall

epigastric, superficial

superficial fascia and skin of the lower abdominal wall

epigastric, superior


upper rectus abdominis m., upper abdominal wall

descending thoracic aorta; left gastric a.

lower 2/3rds of the thoracic esophagus

ethmoidal, anterior

anterior meningeal a., anterior septal br., anterior lateral nasal br.

anterior ethmoidal air cells, frontal paranasal sinus, dura mater in the anterior cranial fossa, nasal mucosa, olfactory ethmoidal,

posteriorposterior ethmoidal air cells; olfactory nerves

external carotid

common carotid

superior thyroid a., ascending pharyngeal a., lingual a., facial a., occipital a., posterior auricular a., maxillary a., superficial temporal

upper neck, face and scalp

common iliac a.

inferior epigastric a., deep circumflex iliac a., femoral a.

external pudendal, deep



external pudendal, superficial

skin and superficial fascia of the upper medial thigh, skin of the pubic region

external carotid a.

ascending palatine a., tonsilar br., submental a., superior labial a., inferior labial a., lateral nasal a., angular a.

lower part of the palatine tonsil, submandibular gland, facial muscles and fascia

no named branches

femoral thigh, leg and foot

femoral, deep femoral a.

lateral thigh and hip

medial thigh and hip

fibular

Artery Source Branches Supply togastric, left celiac a. esophageal brs.

gastric, right no named branches

gastric, short splenic a. no named branches

splenic a.

femoral a.

facial, transverse

superficial temporal a.

parotid gland, masseter m., facial muscles and skin

external iliac a.

superficial epigastric a., superficial circumflex iliac a., superficial external pudendal a., deep external pudendal a., deep femoral a., medial circumflex femoral a., lateral circumflex femoral a., perforating aa. (3 or 4)

hip joint, proximal thigh, posterior thigh

femoral, lateral circumflex

deep femoral a.

ascending br., transverse br., descending br.

femoral, medial circumflex

deep femoral a.


posterior tibial a.

nutrient br., lateral malleolar a., communicating br., perforating br.

muscles and fascia of the lateral leg ankle

superior part of the stomach near the lesser curvature

proper hepatic a.

inferior part of the stomach near the lesser curvature

fundus and upper part of the stomach near the greater curvature

gastro-omental, left

gastric brs., omental brs.

mid-part of the stomach near the greater curvature; greater omentum

gastro-omental, right

gastroduodenal a.


lower part of the pyloric region of the stomach, right part of greater curvature of the stomach, greater omentumgastroduoden

alcommon hepatic a.

supraduodenal aa., retroduodenal aa., posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal a., anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal a.,

upper duodenum, upper part of the head of the pancreas; greater curvature of the stomach on the right

genicular, descending

saphenous br., articular brs.

skin and superficial structures of the medial aspect of the knee and upper leg

popliteal a. no named branches



popliteal a. no named branches lateral aspect of knee

popliteal a. no named branches medial aspect of knee

superficial br., deep br.

no named branches lower spinal cord

no named branches

Artery Source Branches Supply toceliac trunk

hepatic, left segmental aa.

genicular, inferior lateral

lateral aspect of the knee

genicular, inferior medial

medial aspect of the knee

genicular, middle

cruciate ligaments and deep structures of the knee

genicular, superior lateral

genicular, superior medial

gluteal, inferior

internal iliac a., anterior division


gluteus maximus m., hip joint

gluteal, superior

internal iliac, posterior division

gluteus maximus m., gluteus medius m., gluteus minimus m., hip jointgreat anterior

radicularthe spinal br. of the lower posterior intercostal a., subcostal a., or upper lumbar a.,

greater palatine

descending palatine a.

hard palate, palatine glands, palatine mucosa

hepatic, common

gastroduodenal a., proper hepatic a.

liver, upper parts of the duodenum, upper part of the pancreas, right side of the stomachproper

hepatic a.left lobe of the liver, quadrate lobe of the liver, part of the caudate lobe of the liver

hepatic, right cystic a., segmental aa.

Artery Source Branches Supply toileocolic

iliac, common pelvis, lower limb

iliac, external lower limb

iliac, internal

iliolumbar iliac br., lumbar br.

maxillary a.

cremasteric a.

hepatic, proper

common hepatic a.

right gastric, right & left hepatic

liver, lesser curvature of the stomach

proper hepatic a.

right lobe of the liver, part of the caudate lobe of the liverhighest

intercostalcostocervical trunk

posterior intercostal aa. for intercostal spaces 1-2

intercostal muscles of intercostal spaces 1 and 2, vertebral column, deep back muscleshumeral,

anterior circumflex




humeral, posterior circumflex




superior mesenteric a.

colic br., anterior cecal br., posterior cecal br., appendicular a., ileal br.

cecum, appendix, terminal portion of the ileum

abdominal aorta

external iliac a., internal iliac a.

common iliac a.

inferior epigastric a., deep circumflex iliac a., femoral a.

common iliac a.

anterior division gives rise to the : umbilical a., obturator a., uterine a., vaginal a., inferior vesical a., middle rectal a., internal pudendal a., inferior gluteal a.; posterior division gives rise to the: iliolumbar

pelvic viscera, gluteal region, hip, medial thigh

internal iliac a., posterior division

iliacus m., psoas major m., quadratus lumborum m.

inferior alveolar

lingual br., mylohyoid a., dental brs., mental a.

mandibular teeth and gingiva; mandible; mylohyoid m.

inferior epigastric

external iliac a.

lower rectus abdominis m., pyramidalis m., lower abdominal wall

inferior gluteal



gluteus maximus m., hip joint

inferior labial facial a. no named branches

no named branches



no named branches

superior suprarenal aa.

inferior rectal no named branches anus, ischioanal fossa

renal a.


no named branches

infraorbital maxillary a.

skin, muscles, fasciae and mucosa of the lower lip

inferior laryngeal

inferior thyroid a.

internal part of the inferior larynx

inferior lateral genicular

lateral aspect of the knee

inferior medial genicular

medial aspect of the knee

inferior mesenteric

abdominal aorta at the level of the L3 vertebral

left colic a., sigmoid aa.(2-3), superior rectal a.

splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon, superior part of rectuminferior

pancreaticdorsal pancreatic, left br.

lower part of the body of the pancreas



anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a., posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a.

lower duodenum, head of the pancreas

inferior phrenic

abdominal aorta

diaphragm, suprarenal gland


inferior suprarenal

numerous unnamed branches

inferior aspect of the suprarenal gland

inferior thyroid

thyrocervical trunk

ascending cervical a., inferior laryngeal a., esophageal brs., tracheal brs., glandular

thyroid gland, lower larynx, upper trachea, upper esophagus, deep neck musclesinferior ulnar

collateralunnamed muscular branches

inferior vesical

internal iliac a., anterior division or it may arise from the

lower part of the urinary bladder, prostate/vagina

anterior superior alveolar a., middle superior alveolar a.

maxillary sinus, maxillary incisors, canine and premolar teeth, skin of the cheek below the orbit, mucosa over the maxillary intercostal,

anteriorinternal thoracic a. (upper 6 intercostal spaces), musculophrenic a. (7-10th


intercostal muscles anteriorly; skin overlying the intercostal muscles

internal iliac

ulnar a.

interosseous recurrent

intestinal arterial arches jejunum, ileum

Artery Source Branches Supply to

intercostal, highest

costocervical trunk

posterior intercostal aa. for intercostal spaces 1-2

intercostal muscles of intercostal spaces 1 and 2, vertebral column, deep back musclesintercostal,

posteriorhighest intercostal (upper 2 intercostal spaces), descending thoracic aorta

posterior br., spinal br., anterior br., collateral br., lateral cutaneous br.

intercostal muscles, spinal cord and vertebral column, deep back muscles, skin and superficial fascia overlying the intercostal spaces

internal carotid

common carotid a.

none in the neck; in the head: ophthalmic a., posterior communicating a., anterior cerebral a., middle cerebral a.

brain; eye and orbit; forehead

common iliac a.

anterior division gives rise to the : umbilical a., obturator a., uterine a., vaginal a., inferior vesical a., middle rectal a., internal pudendal a., inferior gluteal a.; posterior division gives rise to the: iliolumbar

pelvic viscera, gluteal region, hip, medial thigh

internal pudendal


inferior rectal a., perineal a., artery of the bulb of the clitoris/penis, urethral a., deep clitoral/penile

anus, muscles of the superficial and deep perineal spaces, clitoris/penis, posterior aspect of the internal

thoracicsubclavian a. (1st part)

pericardiocophrenic a., perforating brs., anterior intercostal aa., mediastinal brs., thymic brs., musculophrenic a., superior epigastric a.

mediastinum, anterior thoracic wall, anterior abdominal wall, respiratory diaphragm




anconeus m., elbow joint

interosseous, anterior


muscular brs.; a. of the median nerve

flexor pollicis longus m., flexor digitorum profundus m., pronator quadratus m., radius, ulna, carpal bonesinterosseous,

commonanterior interosseous a., posterior interosseous a.

deep structures of the forearm

interosseous, posterior


muscles of the posterior (extensor) forearm compartment: supinator m., abductor pollicis longus m., extensor pollicis longus m., extensor pollicis brevis


labial, inferior facial a. no named branches

perineal a. no named branches

facial a. septal br.

labyrinthine no named branches internal ear

lacrimal ophthalmic a. lateral palpebral aa. (2)

no named branches

no named branches

no named branches

lateral nasal facial a. no named branches lateral side of the nose

lacrimal a. superior br., inferior br.

lateral sacral spinal brs.

lateral tarsal no named branches

left bronchial

left colic descending colon

left coronary

left gastric celiac a. esophageal brs.

skin, muscles, fasciae and mucosa of the lower lip

labial, posterior

posterior aspect of the labium majus

labial, superior

skin, muscles, fasciae and mucosa of the upper lip, lower part of the anterior end of the anterior

inferior cerebellar a. (or basilar a.) lacrimal gland, lateral

sides of the eyelidslaryngeal, inferior

inferior thyroid a.

internal part of the inferior larynx

laryngeal, superior

superior thyroid a.

internal aspect of the superior larynx

lateral mammary

lateral thoracic a.

lateral side of the mammary gland

lateral palpebral

lateral sides of the upper and lower eyelids

lateral plantar

posterior tibial a.

proper plantar digital a. to lateral side of 5th digit

deep foot; the plantar arterial arch and its brs. supply the toes, including the distal phalangeal segment internal iliac

a., posterior division

sacrum, sacral nerve rootlets, meninges, adjacent muscles

dorsalis pedis a.

tarsal bones and joints of the lateral foot

lateral thoracic

axillary, 2nd part


serratus anterior m., parts of adjacent muscles, skin and fascia of the anterolateral descending

thoracic aortaright bronchial a. (occasionally)

lower trachea, bronchial tree



ascending aorta

anterior interventricular a., circumflex a.

left ventricle, left atrium, anterosuperior 2/3 of the interventricular septum

superior part of the stomach near the lesser curvature

splenic a.

left hepatic segmental aa.

no named branches

lingual

lingual, deep lingual a. no named branches anterior tongue

lingual, dorsal lingual a. no named branches

lumbar

Artery Source Branches Supply tono named branches lateral side of the ankle


fibular a. calcaneal brs. lateral side of the ankle


no named branches

no named branches

marginal colic brs. colon

left gastro-omental


mid-part of the stomach near the greater curvature; greater omentum

proper hepatic a.

left lobe of the liver, quadrate lobe of the liver, part of the caudate lobe of the liver

lesser palatine


muscles of the soft palate, mucosa and glands of the soft palate, upper part of the external

carotid a.suprahyoid br., dorsal lingual brs., deep lingual a., sublingual a.

tongue, suprahyoid muscles, palatine tonsil

posterior tongue, palatine tonsil, soft palateabdominal

aortaanterior br., posterior br., spinal br.

psoas major m., psoas minor m., quadratus lumborum m., spinal cord and vertebral column, deep back muscles

malleolar, anterior lateral

anterior tibial a.

malleolar, anterior medial

anterior tibial a.

malleolar, posterior lateral

malleolar, posterior medial

posterior tibial a.

mammary, lateral

lateral thoracic a.

lateral side of the mammary gland

mammary, medial

perforating brs. of the internal thoracic a.

medial side of the mammary gland

formed by anastomoses of branches of the ileocolic a., right colic a., middle colic a., left colic

masseteric maxillary a. no named branches masseter m.

maxillary

no named branches

ophthalmic a. superior br., inferior br.

digital brs. (3)

medial tarsal no named branches

median sacral 5th lumbar aa. sacrum

maxillary a.

mental no named branches



external carotid a.

deep auricular a., anterior tympanic a., middle meningeal a., inferior alveolar a., masseteric a., posterior deep temporal a., anterior deep temporal a., buccal a., posterior superior alveolar a., infraorbital a., a. of the

deep face, infratemporal fossa, tympanic cavity, muscles of mastication

medial mammary

perforating brs. of the internal thoracic a.

medial side of the mammary gland

medial palpebral

medial aspects of the upper and lower eyelids

medial plantar

posterior tibial a.

medial side of the sole of the foot

dorsalis pedis a.

tarsal bones and joints of the medial side of the foot

abdominal aorta

meningeal, middle

frontal br., parietal br., petrous br., superior tympanic br.

most of the dura mater (approx. 80%), bones of the cranial vault

inferior alveolar a.

skin, superficial fascia and facial mm. of the chin and lower lip

mesenteric, inferior

abdominal aorta at the level of the L3 vertebral

left colic a., sigmoid aa.(2-3), superior rectal a.

splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon, superior part of rectummesenteric,

superiorabdominal aorta at the level of the lower 1/3 of the L1

inferior pancreaticoduodenal a., middle colic a., jejunal a., ileal a., right colic a., ileocolic a.

inferior part of the head of the pancreas, distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, metacarpal,

dorsal1st: radial a.; 2-4: dorsal carpal arterial arch

dorsum of 2 adjacent digits, excluding the distal phalangeal segmentmetacarpal,

palmardeep palmar arch

proper palmar digital aa.

interosseous mm., deep hand

metatarsal, dorsal

dorsalis pedis (1st), arcuate (2nd-4th)

dorsum of digits, excluding the distal phalangeal segment

middle colic right br., left br. transverse colon


maxillary a.

middle rectal no named branches

infraorbital a.

no named branches temporalis m.

anterior intercostal aa.

mylohyoid no named branches mylohyoid m.

Artery Source Branches Supply tonasal, dorsal ophthalmic a. no named branches dorsum of the nose

nasal, lateral facial a. no named branches lateral side of the nose

no named branches

metatarsal, plantar


perforating br., plantar digital aa. (2)

interosseous mm., deep portions of the foot; digits including the dorsum of the distal phalangeal segmentmiddle

cerebralinternal carotid a.

lateral frontobasal a.; prefrontal sulcal a.; precentral sulcal a.; central sulcal a.; anterior parietal a.; posterior parietal a.;

frontal, parietal and temporal lobes, especially on their lateral surfaces

superior mesenteric

middle collateral

deep brachial a.


medial head of triceps, anconeus

middle genicular

cruciate ligaments and deep structures of the knee

middle meningeal

frontal br., parietal br., petrous br., superior tympanic br.

most of the dura mater (approx. 80%), bones of the cranial vault

internal iliac, anterior division

middle portion of the rectum

middle superior alveolar


maxillary premolar teeth; part of the maxillary sinus

middle suprarenal

abdominal aorta


medial side of the suprarenal gland

middle temporal


musculophrenic


anterior diaphragm, anterior aspects of intercostal spaces 7-10 or 11inferior

alveolar a.

nodal, atrioventricular



no named branches

Artery Source Branches Supply toobturator medial thigh and hip

occipital

no named branches

no named branches

ophthalmic

ovarian tubal brs., uterine brs. ovary, uterine tube

Artery Source Branches Supply tofacial a. no named branches

maxillary a. palate

no named branches

no named branches

nodal, sinuatrial

right coronary a.



pubic br., acetabular br., anterior br., posterior br.

external carotid a.

sternocleidomastoid brs., auricular br., mastoid br., descending br., occipital brs.

lateral neck, posterior neck, posterior scalp

of bulb of penis



of bulb of vestibule



internal carotid a.

central retinal a., lacrimal a., muscular brs., anterior ethmoidal a., posterior ethmoidal a., medial palpebral a., supraorbital a.,

optic nerve, optic chiasm optic tract, retina, extraocular mm., eyelids, forehead, ethmoidal air cells, lateral nasal wall, abdominal

aorta

palatine, ascending

superior pharyngeal constrictor, soft palate, palatine tonsil

palatine, descending

greater palatine a., lesser palatine a.

palatine, greater


hard palate, palatine glands, palatine mucosa

palatine, lesser


muscles of the soft palate, mucosa and glands of the soft palate, upper part of the palmar arch,

deepradial a., deep br. of ulnar a.


deep palm, digits including the dorsum of the distal phalangeal segment

no named branches

lacrimal a. superior br., inferior br.

ophthalmic a. superior br., inferior br.

splenic a. tail of the pancreas

splenic a. right br., left br. neck of the pancreas

no named branches

splenic a. no named branches

splenic a. body of the pancreas

palmar arch, superficial



superficial palm, palmar surface of the digits excluding thumb, dorsum of the distal phalangeal segments of palmar

digital, common




palmar digital, proper



palmar metacarpal

deep palmar arch

proper palmar digital aa.

interosseous mm., deep hand

palpebral, lateral

lateral sides of the upper and lower eyelids

palpebral, medial

medial aspects of the upper and lower eyelids

pancreatic, caudal

numerous small aa. that supply the pancreas

pancreatic, dorsal

pancreatic, inferior

dorsal pancreatic, left br.

lower part of the body of the pancreas

pancreatic, superior

superior part of the body of the pancreas

pancreatica magna

numerous unnamed brs. within the pancreas

pancreaticoduodenal, anterior inferior




pancreaticoduodenal, anterior superior

gastroduodenal a.



pancreaticoduodenal, inferior


anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a., posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a.

lower duodenum, head of the pancreas

pectoral

penis, deep no named branches

penis, dorsal no named branches

penis, of bulb no named branches

pericardial no named branches pericardial sac

perineal

pharynx

superior suprarenal aa.

no named branches diaphragm

plantar, deep dorsalis pedis

pancreaticoduodenal, posterior inferior




pancreaticoduodenal, posterior superior

gastroduodenal a.



thoracoacromial trunk


pectoralis major m., pectoralis minor m.


corpus cavernosum of the penis


superficial tissues of the penis



pericardiacophrenic


pericardial br., sternal br., mediastinal br.

pericardial sac, pleura, diaphragm

pericardiacophrenic a.


posterior labial/scrotal; deep br.

posterior aspect of the scrotum/labium majus; muscles of the superficial perineal pharyngeal,

ascendingexternal carotid

pharyngeal brs., inferior tympanic, posterior meningeal

phrenic, inferior

abdominal aorta

diaphragm, suprarenal gland

phrenic, superior

descending thoracic aorta (2 small brs.)


lateral plantar a.

plantar metatarsal aa. (4)

deep foot; its plantar metatarsal brs. and their brs. supply the toes, including the dorsum of the distal plantar

metatarsalplantar arterial arch

perforating br., plantar digital aa. (2)

interosseous mm., deep portions of the foot; digits including the dorsum of the distal phalangeal segmentplantar metatarsal aa.

(4)deep foot; its plantar metatarsal brs. and their brs. supply the toes, including the dorsum of the distal plantar,

lateralposterior tibial a.

proper plantar digital a. to lateral side of 5th digit

deep foot; the plantar arterial arch and its brs. supply the toes, including the distal phalangeal segment

digital brs. (3)

popliteal femoral a. knee, leg and foot

ileocolic a.

basilar a.

perforating aa.



vertebral a. posterior spinal a.



plantar, medial

posterior tibial a.

medial side of the sole of the foot

anterior tibial a., posterior tibial a., 5 genicular brs.

posterior auricular

external carotid a.

stylomastoid br., auricular br., occipital br.

part of the external ear, scalp and deeper structures posterior to the earposterior

cecalmay give off the appendicular a.

posterior surface of the cecum

posterior cerebral

posterior cerebral a.; anterior and posterior temporal brs.; medial occipital a.

part of the brainstem (oculomotor nucleus, nucleus of Edinger-Westphal, trochlear nucleus); medial and inferior portions of the posterior

circumflex humeral




posterior communicating

internal carotid a.


posterior deep temporal

posterior part of the temporalis m.

posterior ethmoidal

posterior ethmoidal air cells; olfactory nerves

posterior inferior cerebellar

part of cerebellum; medulla (cochlear nucleus, vestibular nucleus, dorsal motor nucleus of cranial nerve posterior





posterior intercostal

highest intercostal (upper 2 intercostal spaces), descending thoracic aorta

posterior br., spinal br., anterior br., collateral br., lateral cutaneous br.

intercostal muscles, spinal cord and vertebral column, deep back muscles, skin and superficial fascia overlying the intercostal spaces

posterior interosseous


muscles of the posterior (extensor) forearm compartment: supinator m., abductor pollicis longus m., extensor pollicis longus m., extensor pollicis brevis

posterior labial

posterior aspect of the labium majus

fibular a. calcaneal brs. lateral side of the ankle


no named branches


no named branches


maxillary a.

popliteal a.

no named branches

ulnar a.

radial a. two brs. to the thumb

posterior lateral malleolar

posterior medial malleolar

posterior tibial a.

posterior radicular


meninges; spinal cord; spinal nerve; dorsal rootlets

posterior scrotal

posterior aspect of the scrotum

posterior septal

sphenopalatine a. (several small brs.)

posterior aspect of the nasal septum

posterior spinal

contributions received from several arteries (posterior inferior cerebellar, vertebral, posterior intercostal,

spinal cord, especially the dorsal columns; medulla (nucleus cuneatus and nucleus gracilis)

posterior superior alveolar


maxillary molar teeth; part of the maxillary sinus

posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal

gastroduodenal a.



posterior tibial

fibular a. (peroneal), circumflex fibular a., nutrient a. of the tibia, communicating br., posterior medial malleolar brs., medial calcaneal brs., lateral plantar a., medial plantar a.

posterior and lateral leg, plantar aspect of the foot

posterior tibial recurrent

anterior tibial a.

posterior knee, popliteus m.

posterior ulnar recurrent


medial side of the elbow, forearm flexor mm.

princeps pollicis

palmar aspect of the thumb including the dorsum of the distal phalangeal segment

no named branches

no named branches

femoral a.


lungs

Artery Source Branches Supply tono named branches

Artery Source Branches Supply toradial brachial a.

lower lateral arm

proper hepatic

common hepatic a.

right gastric, right & left hepatic

liver, lesser curvature of the stomach

proper palmar digital



proper plantar digital

plantar metatarsal a., from the plantar

plantar aspect of each digit

pudendal, deep external



pudendal, internal


inferior rectal a., perineal a., artery of the bulb of the clitoris/penis, urethral a., deep clitoral/penile

anus, muscles of the superficial and deep perineal spaces, clitoris/penis, posterior aspect of the pudendal,

superficial external


pulmonary trunk

right ventricle

right pulmonary a., left pulmonary aa.

quadrigeminal

posterior cerebral

trochlear nerve; corpora quadrigemina

radial recurrent a., palmar carpal br., superficial palmar br., dorsal carpal br., 1st dorsal metacarpal a., princeps pollicis a., radialis indicis a., deep palmar arterial arch

posterior elbow, posterior forearm, posterior hand, deep portion of palmar side of the hand, thumb

radial collateral

deep brachial a.


radial a.

radial a. no named branches

no named branches lower spinal cord

no named branches

no named branches anus, ischioanal fossa

rectal, middle no named branches

two unnamed branches

no named branches


no named branches

ulnar a.

radial recurrent


lateral side of the elbow and adjacent extensor muscles

radialis indicis

lateral (radial) side of the index finger

radicular, anterior


they accompany the ventral rootlets to reach the spinal cord

meninges; spinal cord; spinal nerve; ventral rootlets

radicular, great anterior

the spinal br. of the lower posterior intercostal a., subcostal a., or upper lumbar a.,

radicular, posterior


meninges; spinal cord; spinal nerve; dorsal rootlets

rectal, inferior


internal iliac, anterior division

middle portion of the rectum

rectal, superior


superior part of the rectum

recurrent, anterior tibial

anterior tibial a.


recurrent, anterior ulnar


recurrent, interosseous



anconeus m., elbow joint

recurrent, posterior tibial

anterior tibial a.


recurrent, posterior ulnar



radial a.

renal

retroduodenal multiple unnamed brs.

right colic ascending colon

right gastric no named branches

right hepatic cystic a., segmental aa.

Artery Source Branches Supply tosacral, lateral spinal brs.

5th lumbar aa. sacrum


no named branches

recurrent, radial


lateral side of the elbow and adjacent extensor muscles

abdominal aorta at the level of the upper border of the L2 vertebra

inferior suprarenal a., apical segmental a., anterior br: superior anterior segmental a., middle anterior segmental a., inferior segmental a.; posterior

kidney, upper ureter, suprarenal gland

gastroduodenal a.

posterior portion of the 1st part of the duodenumsuperior

mesenteric (or br. of)


right coronary

ascending aorta

sinuatrial nodal a., right marginal a., posterior interventricular a., atrioventricular nodal a.

right ventricle, right atrium, inferior 1/3 of the interventricular septumproper

hepatic a.inferior part of the stomach near the lesser curvature

right gastro-omental

gastroduodenal a.


lower part of the pyloric region of the stomach, right part of greater curvature of the stomach, greater omentumproper

hepatic a.right lobe of the liver, part of the caudate lobe of the liver

internal iliac a., posterior division

sacrum, sacral nerve rootlets, meninges, adjacent muscles

sacral, median

abdominal aorta

scapular, circumflex

subscapular a.


teres major m., teres minor m., infraspinatus m.

scapular, dorsal

subclavian a., 3rd part


levator scapulae m., rhomboideus major m., rhomboideus minor m.

scrotal, posterior

posterior aspect of the scrotum

septal, posterior

sphenopalatine a. (several small brs.)

posterior aspect of the nasal septum

short gastric splenic a. no named branches

sigmoid sigmoid colon

no named branches

maxillary a.



splenic celiac trunk

stylomastoid no named branches

subclavian

subcostal

sublingual lingual a. no named branches

submental facial a. no named branches

fundus and upper part of the stomach near the greater curvature



sinuatrial nodal

right coronary a.


sphenopalatine

posterior lateral nasal brs., posterior septal brs.

posterolateral nasal wall, posteroinferior nasal septum, hard palate behind the maxillary incisor teethspinal,

anteriorcontributions received from several arteries (vertebral, posterior intercostal, subcostal,

meninges; spinal cord; medulla (dorsal motor nucleus of cranial nerve X, nucleus ambiguus, spinal accessory nucleus and hypoglossal nucleus)

spinal, posterior

contributions received from several arteries (posterior inferior cerebellar, vertebral, posterior intercostal,

spinal cord, especially the dorsal columns; medulla (nucleus cuneatus and nucleus gracilis)

dorsal pancreatic a., pancreatic brs., pancreatica magna a., caudal pancreatic a., short gastric aa., left

pancreas, spleen, greater curvature of the stomach

posterior auricular a.

tympanic cavity, mastoid air cells

brachiocephalic a. (right), aortic arch (left)

1st part: vertebral a., thyrocervical trunk, internal thoracic a.; 2nd part: costocervical trunk; 3rd part: dorsal scapular a. (70%)

neck, brain, spinal cord, thyroid gland, larynx, shoulder, chest muscles, upper limb

descending thoracic aorta

spinal br., collateral br., lateral cutaneous br.

vertebrae, spinal cord; muscles, skin & fascia of the upper abdominal wall

mylohyoid m., sublingual gland, floor of the mouth

muscles, skin and fascia under the chin; submandibular gland

subscapular

femoral a. cutaneous brs.


basilar a. no named branches

no named branches

superficial br., deep br.

facial a. septal br.

no named branches

popliteal a. no named branches lateral aspect of knee

popliteal a. no named branches medial aspect of knee


circumflex scapular a., thoracodorsal a.

subscapularis m., teres major m., teres minor m., infraspinatus m.

superficial epigastric

superficial fascia and skin of the lower abdominal wall

superficial external pudendal


superficial palmar arch



superficial palm, palmar surface of the digits excluding thumb, dorsum of the distal phalangeal segments of superficial

temporalexternal carotid a.

transverse facial a.; anterior auricular brs.; zygomatico-orbital a.; middle temporal a.; frontal br.; parietal br.

scalp of the lateral side of the head; lateral face; temporalis m.

superior cerebellar

upper cerebellum; trochlear nucleus

superior epigastric


upper rectus abdominis m., upper abdominal wall

superior gluteal

internal iliac, posterior division

gluteus maximus m., gluteus medius m., gluteus minimus m., hip jointsuperior

labialskin, muscles, fasciae and mucosa of the upper lip, lower part of the anterior end of the superior

laryngealsuperior thyroid a.

internal aspect of the superior larynx

superior lateral genicular

superior medial genicular

splenic a. no named branches

no named branches diaphragm

two unnamed branches

multiple small aa.


umbilical a. no named branches

no named branches

supraorbital ophthalmic a. no named branches

renal a.

multiple small aa.

suprascapular muscular


sural popliteal a. unnamed muscular aa.

superior mesenteric

abdominal aorta at the level of the lower 1/3 of the L1

inferior pancreaticoduodenal a., middle colic a., jejunal a., ileal a., right colic a., ileocolic a.

inferior part of the head of the pancreas, distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, superior

pancreaticsuperior part of the body of the pancreas

superior phrenic

descending thoracic aorta (2 small brs.)

superior rectal


superior part of the rectum

superior suprarenal

inferior phrenic a.

superior aspect of the suprarenal gland

superior thoracic

axillary a., 1st part


muscles of intercostal spaces 1 and 2

superior thyroid

external carotid a.

infrahyoid br., sternocleidomastoid br., superior laryngeal a., cricothyroid br., glandular brs.

thyroid gland, upper part of the larynx, infrahyoid mm., sternocleidomastoid m.

superior ulnar collateral


superior vesical

superior aspect of the bladder

supraduodenal

gastroduodenal a.

superior portion of the 1st part of the duodenum

muscles, skin and fascia of the forehead

suprarenal, inferior


inferior aspect of the suprarenal gland

suprarenal, middle

abdominal aorta


medial side of the suprarenal gland

suprarenal, superior

inferior phrenic a.

superior aspect of the suprarenal gland

thyrocervical trunk

supraspinatus & infraspinatus, shoulder joint

supratrochlear

muscles, skin and fascia of the medial foreheadgastrocnemius m., soleus m., plantaris m.

Artery Source Branches Supply totarsal, lateral no named branches

tarsal, medial no named branches


no named branches temporalis m.


testicular ureteric brs.

thoracodorsal latissimus dorsi m.

dorsalis pedis a.

tarsal bones and joints of the lateral foot

dorsalis pedis a.

tarsal bones and joints of the medial side of the foot

temporal, anterior deep

anterior part of temporalis m. and surrounding deep tissuestemporal,

middlesuperficial temporal a.

temporal, posterior deep

posterior part of the temporalis m.

temporal, superficial

external carotid a.

transverse facial a.; anterior auricular brs.; zygomatico-orbital a.; middle temporal a.; frontal br.; parietal br.

scalp of the lateral side of the head; lateral face; temporalis m.

abdominal aorta

testis, epididymis, lower part of the ductus deferens, ureter near its midpoint

thoracic, internal

subclavian a. (1st part)

pericardiocophrenic a., perforating brs., anterior intercostal aa., mediastinal brs., thymic brs., musculophrenic a., superior epigastric a.

mediastinum, anterior thoracic wall, anterior abdominal wall, respiratory diaphragm

thoracic, lateral

axillary a., 2nd part


serratus anterior m., parts of adjacent muscles, skin and fascia of the anterolateral thoracic,

superioraxillary a., 1st part


muscles of intercostal spaces 1 and 2

thoracoacromial

axillary a., 2nd part

pectoral br., clavicular br., acromial br., deltoid br.

pectoralis major m., pectoralis minor m., subclavius m., deltoid m., shoulder jointsubscapular

a.unnamed muscular branches

thyrocervical trunk

subclavian a., 1st part

inferior thyroid a., transverse cervical a., suprascapular a.

lower neck, posterior shoulder, thyroid gland

thyroid, inferior

thyrocervical trunk

ascending cervical a., inferior laryngeal a., esophageal brs., tracheal brs., glandular

thyroid gland, lower larynx, upper trachea, upper esophagus, deep neck musclesthyroid,

superiorexternal carotid a.

infrahyoid br., sternocleidomastoid br., superior laryngeal a., cricothyroid br., glandular brs.

thyroid gland, upper part of the larynx, infrahyoid mm., sternocleidomastoid m.

thyroidea ima no named branches

no named branches

no named branches

popliteal a.

popliteal a.

no named branches

aortic arch

trunk, celiac

lungs

maxillary a. no named branches middle ear

brachiocephalic a. or aortic arch

isthmus of the thyroid gland, upper trachea

tibial recurrent, anterior

anterior tibial a.


tibial recurrent, posterior

anterior tibial a.


tibial, anterior

anterior tibial recurrent a., posterior tibial recurrent a., anterior malleolar a., medial malleolar a., lateral malleolar a., dorsalis

anterior leg; dorsum of foot and deep foot

tibial, posterior

fibular a. (peroneal), circumflex fibular a., nutrient a. of the tibia, communicating br., posterior medial malleolar brs., medial calcaneal brs., lateral plantar a., medial plantar a.

posterior and lateral leg, plantar aspect of the foot

transverse cervical

thyrocervical trunk

unnamed muscular branches, possibly the dorsal scapular a.

trapezius muscle and surrounding tissues

transverse facial


parotid gland, masseter m., facial muscles and skin

trunk, brachiocephalic

right common carotid a., right subclavian a.

right side of the head and neck; right upper limb and right side of the chest wallabdominal

aorta at the level of the T12-L1 intervertebral

left gastric a., splenic a., common hepatic a.

stomach, lower esophagus, liver, upper duodenum, pancreas, spleen

trunk, costocervical

subclavian a., 2nd part

deep cervical a., highest intercostal a.

deep muscles of the posterior neck; posterior ends of the first 2 intercostal spaces

trunk, pulmonary

right ventricle

right pulmonary a., left pulmonary aa.

tympanic, anterior

Artery Source Branches Supply toulnar brachial a.




ulnar a.

umbilical

urethral no named branches penile urethra

uterine tubal br., vaginal br. uterus, uterine tube

Artery Source Branches Supply tovaginal vagina

vertebral

no named branches

trunk, thyrocervical

subclavian a., 1st part

inferior thyroid a., transverse cervical a., suprascapular a.

lower neck, posterior shoulder, thyroid gland

anterior ulnar recurrent a., posterior ulnar recurrent a., common interosseous a., palmar carpal br., dorsal carpal br., deep palmar br., superficial palmar arterial arch

medial side of the anterior forearm, posterior forearm, superficial palm, fingers

ulnar collateral, inferior


ulnar collateral, superior


ulnar recurrent, anterior


ulnar recurrent, posterior




superior vesical aa., a. of the ductus deferens

superior part of the bladder; ductus deferens



internal iliac a., anterior division; occasionally it arises from


subclavian a.(1st part)

spinal brs., muscular brs., anterior spinal a., posterior inferior cerebellar a., medullary brs., meningeal brs., basilar a.

deep neck, cervical spinal cord, spinal cord; medulla (dorsal motor nucleus of cranial nerve X, nucleus ambiguus, spinal accessory vesical,

inferiorinternal iliac a., anterior division or it may arise from the

lower part of the urinary bladder, prostate/vagina

umbilical a. no named branches

no named branches

vesical, superior

superior aspect of the bladder

vestibule, bulb of



Arteries of the Body - Listed AlphabeticallyNotes

anterior superior alveolar a. is located between the inner and outer tables of bone of inferior alveolar a. runs with the inferior alveolar nerve within the mandibular canalmiddle superior alveolar a. is located between the inner and outer tables of bone of the posterior superior alveolar a. enters the maxilla in the infratemporal fossaangular a. is the terminal branch of the facial a.anterior cecal a. supplies the ileocecal junctionthe anterior communicating a. unites the two anterior cerebral aa. across the midline

anterior circumflex humeral a. anastomoses with the posterior circumflex humeral a.anterior communicating a. is a short vessel of anastomosis which crosses the midline to join the paired anterior cerebral aa.; it is part of anterior deep temporal a. branches in the infratemporal fossa and runs deep to temporalis anterior ethmoidal a. leaves the orbit through the anterior ethmoidal foramen, then runs forward on the shares its region of supply with branches of the basilar a.

anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. anastomoses with the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal a. to form the anterior anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. anastomoses with the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal a. to form the anterior

there are two anterior intercostal aa. per side per intercostal space, one coursing above and one coursing below each rib

anterior interosseous a. pierces the interosseous membrane at its distal end to reach the dorsal carpal anastomosisanterior lateral malleolar a. anastomoses with the posterior lateral malleolar a. and the anterior medial malleolar a. anastomoses with the posterior medial anterior radicular aa. anastomose with the anterior spinal a.

anterior spinal a. anastomoses with the anterior radicular brs. of the spinal rami of the vertebral, posterior intercostal, subcostal, lumbar and lateral sacral aa.anterior superior alveolar a. is located between the inner and outer tables of bone of anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal a. anastomoses with the anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. to form the anterior anterior tibial a. becomes continuous with the dorsalis pedis a.; the name change occurs at the level of the ankle jointanterior tibial recurrent a. anastomoses with the genicular aa. to participate in the formation of the anterior tympanic a. passes through the petrotympanic fissure along with the chorda anterior ulnar recurrent a. often arises in common with the posterior ulnar

abdominal aorta passes posterior to the diaphragm (aortic hiatus) at the level of the T12 vertebral body

ascending aorta is the shortest part of the aorta; it continues as the aortic archdescending thoracic aorta passes posterior to the diaphragm (aortic hiatus) at the level of the T12 vertebral body; it is continuous with the aortic arch continues as the descending thoracic aorta; the fibrous ligamentum arteriosum connects to the inferior surface of the aortic arch and it marks the location of the fetal ductus arteriosus aortic despite its variable origin, appendicular artery is nearly constant in its course posterior to the terminal part of the aortic arch continues as the descending thoracic aorta; the fibrous ligamentum arteriosum connects to the inferior surface of the aortic arch and it marks the location of the fetal ductus arteriosus aortic deep palmar arterial arch receives the majority of its blood supply from the radial a.dorsal carpal arterial arch receives the majority of its blood supply from the radial a.plantar arterial arch anastomoses with the deep plantar br. of the dorsalis pedis a.

superficial palmar arterial arch receives the majority of its blood supply from the ulnar a.

arcuate a. anastomoses with the lateral tarsal a.

arcuate aa. of the kidney are numerousartery of the ductus deferens is also known as: deferential a.

Notes

artery to the atrioventricular node is located at the junction of the coronary sulcus and the posterior interventricular sulcusartery to the sinuatrial node is important artery to locate during cardiac surgical proceduresascending aorta is the shortest part of the aorta; it continues as the aortic archascending cervical a. ascends on the anterior surface of the anterior scalene m. beside the ascending palatine a. shares supply of the tonsil bed with 4 other aa. (see also: tonsillar br. of the facial a., palatine br. of the ascending pharyngeal a., tonsillar br. of the ascending pharyngeal a. arises from the medial side of the external carotid a. close to the artery to the atrioventricular node is located at the junction of the coronary sulcus and the posterior interventricular sulcusdeep auricular a. is small and difficult to dissectposterior auricular and greater occipital share their region of distributionpectoralis minor m. crosses anterior to the axillary artery and is used to delineate the 3 parts mentioned at left

basilar a. contributes blood to the cerebral arterial circle

brachial a. normally terminates at the level of the elbow, but high branching may occur

Notes

deep brachial a. spirals around the shaft of the humerus in the radial groove where it is susceptible to injury in there is only one brachiocephalic trunk

there are usually two left bronchial aa.right bronchial a. may arise from the left bronchial a.buccal a. runs with the buccal branch of CN Vartery of the bulb of the penis courses within the deep perineal space to enter the deep surface of the bulbartery of the bulb of the vestibule courses within the deep perineal space to enter the deep surface of the bulb

caroticotympanic a. courses through the petrous portion of the temporal bonecommon carotid a. bifurcates at the level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage; the internal carotid a. and the external carotid a. are its terminal brs.; the carotid sinus and external carotid a. is the primary blood supply to the face and superficial head; the maxillary a. and superficial temporal a. are its terminal internal carotid a. is the primary blood supply to the brain; it anastomoses with the vertebral aa. and the contralateral internal carotid a. in the cerebral arterial circle (of Willis); anterior and dorsal carpal arterial arch receives the majority of its blood supply from the radial a.caudal pancreatic a. enters the tail of the pancreas near the hilum of the spleen; it may arise from the left anterior cecal a. supplies the ileocecal junction

posterior cecal a. supplies the ileocecal junctionceliac trunk supplies the foregut derivatives

central a. of the retina is the sole blood supply to the retina; it has no significant collateral circulation and blockage of this vessel leads to blindness; its branches anterior inferior cerebella a. shares its region of supply with branches of the basilar a.

posterior inferior cerebellar a. shares its region of supply with the vertebral a. and anterior spinal a. there may be more than one superior cerebellar a. arising from the basilar a. on each sidethe anterior communicating a. unites the two anterior cerebral aa. across the midline

also known as: arterial circle of Willis

the middle cerebral a. is the direct continuation of the internal carotid a.

the two posterior cerebral aa. are the terminal brs. of the basilar a.

ascending cervical a. ascends on the anterior surface of the anterior scalene m. beside the

deep cervical a. anastomoses with the occipital a. near the occipital bonetransverse cervical a. gives rise to the dorsal scapular a. ~30% of the timechoroidal a. follows the optic tractanterior ciliary aa. course deep to the conjunctiva to reach the region surrounding the posterior ciliary aa. may be classified as short (supplying the posterior eyeball) and lone (supplying the anterior eyeball); short and long posterior ciliary aa. are identical in their size circumflex a. courses in the atrioventricular (coronary) sulcuslateral circumflex femoral a. arises from the femoral a. in ~14% of casesmedial circumflex femoral a. arises from the femoral a. in ~20% of casesarises from the tibial a. before the tibial a. pierces the interosseous membraneanterior circumflex humeral a. anastomoses with the posterior circumflex humeral a.posterior circumflex humeral a. anastomoses with the anterior circumflex humeral a.; it passes through the quadrangular space deep circumflex iliac a. courses along the iliac crest on the inner surface of the superficial circumflex iliac a. crosses the upper thigh parallel to the inguinal ligamentcircumflex scapular a. anastomoses with the suprascapular a. and the dorsal scapular a. to form the scapular deep a. of the clitoris and dorsal a. of the clitoris are the terminal brs. of the internal dorsal a. of the clitoris and deep a. of the clitoris are the terminal brs. of the internal left colic a. anastomoses with the middle colic a and the sigmoid a.to form part of the

middle colic a. anastomoses with the right colic a. and the left colic a. to form part of right colic a. anastomoses with the ileocolic a. and the middle colic a. to form anastomoses with the anterior ulnar recurrent a.anastomoses with the interosseous recurrent a.travels with the radial nerve; anastomoses with the radial recurrent a.travels with the ulnar nerve; anastomoses with posterior ulnar recurrent a.common carotid a. bifurcates at the level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage; the internal carotid a. and the external carotid a. are its terminal brs.; the carotid sinus and common hepatic a. is one of three brs. of the celiac trunk (see also: left gastric a., splenic abdominal aorta bifurcates at the level of the L4 vertebral body to form the right and left common iliac aa.; the common iliac artery bifurcates anterior to the sacroiliac common interosseous a. supplies the deep forearm flexor and deep forearm extensor common palmar digital aa. anastomose with palmar metacarpal aa.

anterior communicating a. is a short vessel of anastomosis which crosses the midline to join the paired anterior cerebral aa.; it is part of a vessel of anastomosis which connects the internal carotid a. to the posterior cerebral a.; part of the cerebral left coronary a. arises superior to the left cusp of the aortic semilunar valve; during its short course, it is located in the coronary sulcus; the anterior interventricular right coronary a. usually provides the posterior interventricular a.; it courses within the

Notes

costocervical trunk is located between the anterior scalene m. and the middle scalene m.; it arches posteriorly over the cervical parietal cremasteric a. is one of the contents of the spermatic cord; it anastomoses with the testicular artery distallycricothyroid a. travels with the external br. of the superior laryngeal n.

cystic a. arises from the right hepatic a. in ~72% of cases; other possible origins are noted at left and are clinically relevant during gall

deep brachial a. spirals around the shaft of the humerus in the radial groove where it is susceptible to injury in deep cervical a. anastomoses with the occipital a. near the occipital bonedeep external pudendal a. may arise from the medial circumflex femoral a.deep femoral a. is the primary blood supply to muscles of the posterior compartment of the thighdeep lingual a. is the terminal br. of the lingual a.deep palmar arterial arch receives the majority of its blood supply from the radial a.anastomoses with lateral plantar a. to form the plantar arterial arch; the branches mentioned at left arise deep a. of the clitoris and dorsal a. of the clitoris are the terminal brs. of the internal deep a. of the penis and dorsal a. of the penis are the terminal brs. of the internal pudendal a.descending genicular a. anastomoses with the genicular brs. of the popliteal a.descending palatine a. accompanies the greater palatine n. within the palatine

Notes

common palmar digital aa. anastomose with palmar metacarpal aa.

proper palmar digital aa. supply the dorsum of the distal phalangeal segment and nail bedproper plantar digital aa. supply the dorsum of the distal phalangeal segment and nail beddorsal carpal arterial arch receives the majority of its blood supply from the radial a.dorsal digital aa. do not supply the nail bed

dorsal digital aa. do not supply the nail bed

dorsal lingual a. is only one of five arteries that supply the tonsil bedeach dorsal metacarpal a. gives off a perforating br. that anastomoses with the deep palmar each dorsal metatarsal a. gives off a perforating br. that anastomoses with the plantar arterial dorsal nasal a. anastomoses with the angular a.right br.of the dorsal pancreatic a. anastomoses with the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal a. dorsal scapular a. anastomoses with the suprascapular a. and the subscapular a. to form the scapular anastomosis; dorsal scapular a is a branch of dorsal a. of the clitoris and deep a. of the clitoris are the terminal brs. of the internal dorsal a. of the penis and deep a. of the penis are the terminal brs. of the internal pudendal a.dorsalis pedis a. anastomoses with the plantar arterial arch; the anterior tibial artery continues as the dorsalis pedis - the artery of the ductus deferens is also known as: deferential a.

Notes

inferior epigastric a. anastomoses with the superior epigastric a. within the rectus superficial epigastric a. is one of three superficial arteries that arise from the femoral a. (see also: superficial circumflex iliac a. and superior epigastric a. is the direct continuation of the internal thoracic a.; it s anastomoses with the inferior epigastric a. within the rectus there are usually two (sometimes 3) esophageal brs. off of the aorta; the left gastric a. gives esophageal brs. that ascend to supply the abdominal esophagus and lowest part of the thoracic esophagus; anterior ethmoidal a. leaves the orbit through the anterior ethmoidal foramen, then runs forward on the posterior ethmoidal a. leaves the orbit through the posterior ethmoidal foramenexternal carotid a. is the primary blood supply to the face and superficial head; the maxillary a. and superficial temporal a. are its terminal external iliac a. is continuous with the femoral a., the name change occurs at the inguinal ligament; the common iliac artery deep external pudendal a. may arise from the medial circumflex femoral a.superficial external pudendal a. is one of three superficial branches of the femoral a. near the inguinal ligament (see also: superficial circumflex

the angular branch of the facial a. anastomoses with the ophthalmic a.

Notes

transverse facial a. anastomoses with branches of the buccal, infraorbital and facial femoral a. is continuous with the popliteal a., the name change occurs at the adductor hiatus

deep femoral a. is the primary blood supply to muscles of the posterior compartment of the thighlateral circumflex femoral a. arises from the femoral a. in ~14% of casesmedial circumflex femoral a. arises from the femoral a. in ~20% of casesfibular a. anastomoses at the ankle with the anterior and posterior tibial aa.; also known as: peroneal a.

left gastric a. anastomoses with the right gastric a. on the lesser curvature of the stomach; it also anastomoses with the right gastric a. anastomoses with the left gastric a. on the lesser curvature of the short gastric aa. reach the stomach by passing through the gastrosplenic ligament; they are usually 4-5 in left gastro-omental a. anastomoses with the right gastro-omental a. near the greater curvature of the stomach; also known as: right gastro-omental a anastomoses with the left gastro-omental a. near the greater curvature of the stomach; also known as: gastroduodenal a. supplies the lowest portion of the foregut and its derivatives

descending genicular a. anastomoses with the genicular brs. of the popliteal a.

Notes

inferior lateral genicular a. anastomoses with the other genicular brs. of the popliteal a., circumflex fibular a. and anterior tibial recurrent a. to form the genicular inferior medial genicular a. anastomoses with the other genicular brs. of the popliteal a., circumflex fibular a. and anterior tibial recurrent middle genicular a. anastomoses with the other genicular brs. of the popliteal a., circumflex fibular a. and anterior tibial recurrent superior lateral genicular a. anastomoses with the other genicular brs. of the popliteal a., circumflex fibular a. and anterior tibial recurrent superior medial genicular a. anastomoses with the other genicular brs. of the popliteal a., circumflex fibular a. and anterior tibial recurrent inferior gluteal a. participates in the formation of the cruciate anastomoses of superior gluteal a. participates in the formation of the cruciate anastomoses of great anterior radicular a. anastomoses with the anterior spinal a. at lower thoracic or upper lumbar spinal cord levels

greater palatine a. accompanies the greater palatine n., it is endangered by anesthetic injections for

common hepatic a. supplies some of the foregut derivatives

left hepatic a. supplies the liver parenchyma and stroma; an aberrant left hepatic a. may arise from the left gastric a.

Notes

proper hepatic a. supplies the foregut derivatives associated with the liver budright hepatic a. supplies the liver parenchyma and stromahighest intercostal a. is also known as: supreme intercostal a.

anterior circumflex humeral a. anastomoses with the posterior circumflex humeral a.posterior circumflex humeral a. anastomoses with the anterior circumflex humeral a.; it passes through the quadrangular space

colic br. of the ileocolic a. participates in the formation of the marginal a.abdominal aorta bifurcates at the level of the L4 vertebral body to form the right and left common iliac aa.; the common iliac artery bifurcates anterior to the sacroiliac external iliac a. is continuous with the femoral a., the name change occurs at the inguinal ligament; the common iliac artery common iliac artery bifurcates anterior to the sacroiliac articulation to form the internal iliac a. and the external iliac a.

lumbar br. of the iliolumbar a. sends a small spinal br. into the vertebral canalinferior alveolar a. runs with the inferior alveolar nerve within the mandibular canalinferior epigastric m. anastomoses with the superior epigastric m. within the rectus inferior gluteal a. participates in the formation of the cruciate anastomoses of

inferior labial a. shares its region of distribution with branches of the mental a.inferior laryngeal a. accompanies the inferior laryngeal n.inferior lateral genicular a. anastomoses with the other genicular brs. of the popliteal a., circumflex fibular a. and anterior tibial recurrent a. to form the genicular inferior medial genicular a. anastomoses with the other genicular brs. of the popliteal a., circumflex fibular a. and anterior tibial recurrent branches of the inferior mesenteric a anastomose in the marginal arteryinferior pancreatic a. may be imbedded in the substance of the gland

inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. supplies both the anterior and posterior surfaces of the lower duodenum and lower inferior phrenic a. is the first abdominal branch of the aorta; it may arise from the celiac trunkinferior rectal a. anastomoses with the middle rectal a. and the superior rectal a.inferior suprarenal a. may anastomose with the superior suprarenal a.inferior thyroid a. gives rise to the ascending cervical a. as it arches mediallyanastomoses with the anterior ulnar recurrent a.inferior vesical a. anastomoses with the middle rectal a.

infraorbital a. is one of four terminal branches of the maxillary a. (see also: descending palatine a., sphenopalatine a., there are two anterior intercostal aa. per side per intercostal space, one coursing above and one coursing below each rib

Notes

highest intercostal a. is also known as: supreme intercostal a.

posterior intercostal aa. supply the lateral and posterior portions of the intercostal space; anterior intercostal aa. supply the anterior portions of the internal carotid a. is the primary blood supply to the brain; it anastomoses with the vertebral aa. and the contralateral internal carotid a. in the cerebral arterial circle (of Willis); anterior and common iliac artery bifurcates anterior to the sacroiliac articulation to form the internal iliac a. and the external iliac a.

internal pudendal a. is the primary blood supply to the perineum

internal thoracic a. is also known as: internal mammary a.

interosseous recurrent a. anastomoses with the middle collateral a.

anterior interosseous a. pierces the interosseous membrane at its distal end to reach the dorsal carpal anastomosiscommon interosseous a. supplies the deep forearm flexor and deep forearm extensor posterior interosseous a. passes proximal to the interosseous membrane to reach the extensor compartment of the forearm

intestinal aa. are 12-15 in number and are found in the mesentery

inferior labial a. shares its region of distribution with branches of the mental a.posterior labial a. courses through the superficial perineal superior labial a. supplies the orbicularis oris m. and the levator labii superioris m.labyrinthine a. accompanies cranial nerves VII and VIII through the internal lacrimal a. accompanies the lacrimal n.inferior laryngeal a. accompanies the inferior laryngeal n.superior laryngeal a. penetrates the thyrohyoid membrane in company with the internal br. of the mammary gland is a specialization of the skin and is supplied by superficial (cutaneous) lateral nasal a. anastomoses with the dorsal nasal a.the 2 lateral palpebral aa. anastomose with the two medial palpebral aa. to form the superior and inferior palpebral lateral plantar a. becomes continuous with the plantar arterial arch

there are usually 2 lateral sacral aa. on each side, a superior one and an inferior onelateral tarsal a. anastomoses with the arcuate a.lateral thoracic a. is a rare case in that it enters the serratus anterior from its there are usually two left bronchial aa.left colic a. anastomoses with the middle colic a and the sigmoid a.to form part of the left coronary a. arises superior to the left cusp of the aortic semilunar valve; during its short course, it is located in the coronary sulcus; the anterior interventricular left gastric a. anastomoses with the right gastric a. on the lesser curvature of the stomach; it also anastomoses with the

Notes

left gastro-omental a. anastomoses with the right gastro-omental a. near the greater curvature of the stomach; also known as: left hepatic a. supplies the liver parenchyma and stroma; an aberrant left hepatic a. may arise from the left gastric a.lesser palatine a. is endangered by anesthetic injections for dental procedureslingual a. is the 2nd branch off of the anterior side of the external carotid a.; it may arise in common deep lingual a. is the terminal br. of the lingual a.dorsal lingual a. is only one of five arteries that supply the tonsil bedthe 4 lumbar arteries on each side arise from the posterior surface of the aorta at the level of vertebrae L1-L4; they course posterior to the

anterior lateral malleolar a. anastomoses with the posterior lateral malleolar a. and the anterior medial malleolar a. anastomoses with the posterior medial posterior lateral malleolar a. anastomoses with the anterior lateral posterior medial malleolar a. anastomoses with the anterior medial mammary gland is a specialization of the skin and is supplied by superficial (cutaneous) mammary gland is a specialization of the skin and is supplied by superficial (cutaneous) an important anastomosis for the large intestine

masseteric a. passes through the mandibular notch to enter the deep surface of the masseter maxillary a. may course medial or lateral to the lateral pterygoid m.

mammary gland is a specialization of the skin and is supplied by superficial (cutaneous) the 2 medial palpebral aa. anastomose with the two lateral palpebral aa. to form the superior & inferior palpebral medial plantar a. anastomoses with the plantar metatarsal aa., but does not usually participate in formation of the plantar arterial medial tarsal aa. are 2-3 in number; they anastomose with the medial malleolar aa.median sacral a. appears to be the continuation of the abdominal aorta in the median plane, although middle meningeal a. passes through the foramen spinosum; it may be torn by a fracture at the pterion; it is encircled by the mental a.passes through the mental foramen; it anastomoses with the inferior labial a.; it accompanies the mental branches of the inferior mesenteric a anastomose in the marginal arterysuperior mesenteric a. supplies the midgut derivatives; brs. of the superior mesenteric a. participate in formation each dorsal metacarpal a. gives off a perforating br. that anastomoses with the deep palmar palmar metacarpal aa. join with the common palmar digital aa.each dorsal metatarsal a. gives off a perforating br. that anastomoses with the plantar arterial

Notes

plantar metatarsal aa.anastomose with dorsal metatarsal aa.

the middle cerebral a. is the direct continuation of the internal carotid a.

middle colic a. anastomoses with the right colic a. and the left colic a. to form part of anastomoses with the interosseous recurrent a.middle genicular a. anastomoses with the other genicular brs. of the popliteal a., circumflex fibular a. and anterior tibial recurrent middle meningeal a. passes through the foramen spinosum; it may be torn by a fracture at the pterion; it is encircled by the middle rectal a. anastomoses with the inferior rectal a and the superior rectal a.middle superior alveolar a. is located between the inner and outer tables of bone of the middle suprarenal a. anastomoses with the superior suprarenal a. and the inferior middle temporal a. anastomoses with the posterior br. of the deep temporal a.musculophrenic a. supplies muscles that develop in the septum transversummylohyoid a. accompanies the mylohyoid n. to the mylohyoid m.; a rare artery because it enters the superficial surface

dorsal nasal a. anastomoses with the angular a.lateral nasal a. anastomoses with the dorsal nasal a.artery to the atrioventricular node is located at the junction of the coronary sulcus and the posterior interventricular sulcus

Notes

Notes

sinuatrial nodal a. is an important artery to locate during cardiac surgical procedures

anterior and posterior brs. pass on the anterior and posterior sides of the adductor brevis m.; aberrant obturator a. arises from the inferior occipital a. anastomoses with the deep cervical a.; it courses with the greater occipital nerve on the posterior surface artery of the bulb of the penis courses within the deep perineal space to enter the deep surface of the bulbartery of the bulb of the vestibule courses within the deep perineal space to enter the deep surface of the bulbophthalmic a. provides the only artery to the retina (central retinal a.)

ovarian a. anastomoses with the uterine a.

ascending palatine a. shares supply of the tonsil bed with 4 other aa. (see also: tonsillar br. of the facial a., palatine br. of the ascending pharyngeal a., tonsillar br. of the descending palatine a. accompanies the greater palatine n. within the palatine greater palatine a. accompanies the greater palatine n., it is endangered by anesthetic injections for lesser palatine a. is endangered by anesthetic injections for dental proceduresdeep palmar arterial arch receives the majority of its blood supply from the radial a.

superficial palmar arterial arch receives the majority of its blood supply from the ulnar a.

common palmar digital aa. anastomose with palmar metacarpal aa.

proper palmar digital aa. supply the dorsum of the distal phalangeal segment and nail bedpalmar metacarpal aa. join with the common palmar digital aa.the 2 lateral palpebral aa. anastomose with the two medial palpebral aa. to form the superior and inferior palpebral the 2 medial palpebral aa. anastomose with the two lateral palpebral aa. to form the superior & inferior palpebral caudal pancreatic a. enters the tail of the pancreas near the hilum of the spleen; it may arise from the left right br.of the dorsal pancreatic a. anastomoses with the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal a. inferior pancreatic a. may be imbedded in the substance of the gland

superior pancreatic aa. are multiple small brs. arising from the splenic a.pancreatic magna is the largest pancreatic branch to arise from the splenic a.; it enters the pancreas at the junction of its middle 1/3 and left anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. anastomoses with the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal a. to form the anterior anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal a. anastomoses with the anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. to form the anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. supplies both the anterior and posterior surfaces of the lower duodenum and lower

posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. anastomoses with the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal a. to form the posterior pancreatic arcadeposterior superior pancreaticoduodenal a. anastomoses with the posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. to form the posterior pancreatic arcadepectoral a. accompanies the lateral pectoral n.deep a. of the penis and dorsal a. of the penis are the terminal brs. of the internal pudendal a.dorsal a. of the penis and deep a. of the penis are the terminal brs. of the internal pudendal a.artery of the bulb of the penis courses within the deep perineal space to enter the deep surface of the bulbpericardiacophrenic a. accompanies the phrenic n.pericardial a. courses on the external surface of the pericardial sac

perineal a. courses superficial to the superficial transverse perineus m.; it courses arises from the medial side of the external carotid a. close to the birfurcationinferior phrenic a. is the first abdominal branch of the aorta; it may arise from the celiac trunksuperior phrenic a. anastomoses with the musculophrenic a. and the pericardiacophrenic plantar arterial arch anastomoses with the deep plantar br. of the dorsalis pedis a.

plantar metatarsal aa.anastomose with dorsal metatarsal aa.

anastomoses with lateral plantar a. to form the plantar arterial arch; the branches mentioned at left arise lateral plantar a. becomes continuous with the plantar arterial arch

medial plantar a. anastomoses with the plantar metatarsal aa., but does not usually participate in formation of the plantar arterial the popliteal a. is the continuation of the femoral a., the name change occurs at the posterior auricular and greater occipital share their region of distributionposterior cecal a. supplies the ileocecal junctionthe two posterior cerebral aa. are the terminal brs. of the basilar a.

posterior circumflex humeral a. anastomoses with the anterior circumflex humeral a.; it passes through the quadrangular space a vessel of anastomosis which connects the internal carotid a. to the posterior cerebral a.; part of the cerebral posterior deep temporal a. branches in the infratemporal fossa and runs deep to temporalis posterior ethmoidal a. leaves the orbit through the posterior ethmoidal foramenposterior inferior cerebellar a. shares its region of supply with the vertebral a. and anterior spinal a. posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. anastomoses with the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal a. to form the posterior pancreatic arcadeposterior intercostal aa. supply the lateral and posterior portions of the intercostal space; anterior intercostal aa. supply the anterior portions of the posterior interosseous a. passes proximal to the interosseous membrane to reach the extensor compartment of the forearm

posterior labial a. courses through the superficial perineal

posterior lateral malleolar a. anastomoses with the anterior lateral posterior medial malleolar a. anastomoses with the anterior medial posterior radicular aa. accompany the dorsal rootlets; they anastomose with the posterior spinal aa.

posterior scrotal a. passes superficial to the superficial transverse perineus m.posterior septal a. supplies the mucous membrane of the nasal septumpaired; posterior spinal aa. anastomose with the posterior radicular brs. of the spinal rami of the vertebral, posterior intercostal, subcostal, lumbar and lateral sacral aa.

posterior superior alveolar a. enters the maxilla in the infratemporal fossaposterior superior pancreaticoduodenal a. anastomoses with the posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. to form the posterior pancreatic arcadeposterior tibial a. is the direct continuation of the popliteal a. the name change occurs at the inferior border of the popliteus m. where the popliteal a. bifurcates; the tibial a. bifurcates on the medial anastomoses with the other genicular aa. to participate in the formation of the genicular anastomosisposterior ulnar recurrent a. often arises from a common trunk with the anterior ulnar arteria princeps pollicis is similar in function to a proper digital aa.; this artery has a large pulse which can be felt when attempting to take the pulse of a patient - use

Notes

Notes

proper hepatic a. supplies the foregut derivatives associated with the liver budproper palmar digital aa. supply the dorsum of the distal phalangeal segment and nail bedproper plantar digital aa. supply the dorsum of the distal phalangeal segment and nail beddeep external pudendal a. may arise from the medial circumflex femoral a.internal pudendal a. is the primary blood supply to the perineum

superficial external pudendal a. is one of three superficial branches of the femoral a. near the inguinal ligament (see also: superficial circumflex the pulmonary trunk carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the right and left pulmonary aa.; each pulmonary a. carries deoxygenated blood to the hilum of one lung; bronchial aa. supply oxygenated blood to the tissues of the lung as far

blockage of the quadrigeminal a. results in paralysis of the superior oblique m. of

radial a. provides the majority of blood supply to the deep palmar arterial arch; normally it arises at the level of the elbow but may high branching of the brachial a. may result in travels with the radial nerve; anastomoses with the radial recurrent a.

radial recurrent a. anastomoses with the radial collateral a.; it courses in the groove between the brachioradialis m. and arteria radialis indicis is equivalent to a proper digital a.anterior radicular aa. anastomose with the anterior spinal a.

great anterior radicular a. anastomoses with the anterior spinal a. at lower thoracic or upper lumbar spinal cord levels

posterior radicular aa. accompany the dorsal rootlets; they anastomose with the posterior spinal aa.

inferior rectal a. anastomoses with the middle rectal a. and the superior rectal a.middle rectal a. anastomoses with the inferior rectal a and the superior rectal a.superior rectal a. is the continuation of the inferior mesenteric a. after the sigmoid brs. are given off; it anastomoses with the middle rectal a. and the anterior tibial recurrent a. anastomoses with the genicular aa. to participate in the formation of the anterior ulnar recurrent a. often arises in common with the posterior ulnar interosseous recurrent a. anastomoses with the middle collateral a.

anastomoses with the other genicular aa. to participate in the formation of the genicular anastomosisposterior ulnar recurrent a. often arises from a common trunk with the anterior ulnar

Notes

radial recurrent a. anastomoses with the radial collateral a.; it courses in the groove between the brachioradialis m. and the right renal a. is longer than the left renal artery; the right renal artery passes posterior to the inferior vena cava

retroduodenal aa. arise as multiple small brs.right colic a. anastomoses with the ileocolic a. and the middle colic a. to form right coronary a. usually provides the posterior interventricular a.; it courses within the right gastric a. anastomoses with the left gastric a. on the lesser curvature of the right gastro-omental a anastomoses with the left gastro-omental a. near the greater curvature of the stomach; also known as: right hepatic a. supplies the liver parenchyma and stroma

there are usually 2 lateral sacral aa. on each side, a superior one and an inferior onemedian sacral a. appears to be the continuation of the abdominal aorta in the median plane, although circumflex scapular a. anastomoses with the suprascapular a. and the dorsal scapular a. to form the scapular dorsal scapular a. anastomoses with the suprascapular a. and the subscapular a. to form the scapular anastomosis; dorsal scapular a is a branch of posterior scrotal a. passes superficial to the superficial transverse perineus m.posterior septal a. supplies the mucous membrane of the nasal septum

short gastric aa. reach the stomach by passing through the gastrosplenic ligament; they are usually 4-5 in sigmoid aa. are 2-3 in number; they anastomose with the left colic a. to help form the sinuatrial nodal a. is an important artery to locate during cardiac surgical proceduressphenopalatine a. accompanies the nasopalatine n.

the anterior spinal a. anastomoses with the anterior radicular brs. of the spinal rami of the vertebral, posterior intercostal, subcostal, lumbar and lateral sacral aa.paired; posterior spinal aa. anastomose with the posterior radicular brs. of the spinal rami of the vertebral, posterior intercostal, subcostal, lumbar and lateral sacral aa.

splenic a. courses through the substance of the pancreas near its superior border; splenic artery is very tortuousstylomastoid br. of the posterior auricular a. passes through the stylomastoid foramen in company with the facial subclavian a. is continuous with the axillary a., the name change occurs at the lateral border of the first rib; anterior scalene muscle passes subcostal a. is equivalent to a posterior intercostal a., but is named subcostal because it courses sublingual a. is one of three branches of the lingual a. (see also: dorsal lingual a., deep submental a. supplies the submandibular gland and the mylohyoid m. in addition to the skin and superficial

the circumflex scapular branch of the subscapular a.anastomoses with the suprascapular a. and the dorsal scapular a. in superficial epigastric a. is one of three superficial arteries that arise from the femoral a. (see also: superficial circumflex iliac a. and superficial external pudendal a. is one of three superficial branches of the femoral a. near the inguinal ligament (see also: superficial circumflex superficial palmar arterial arch receives the majority of its blood supply from the ulnar a.

superficial temporal a. and maxillary a. are the terminal branches of the external carotid a.

there may be more than one superior cerebellar a. arising from the basilar a. on each sidesuperior epigastric a. is the direct continuation of the internal thoracic a.; it s anastomoses with the inferior epigastric a. within the rectus superior gluteal a. participates in the formation of the cruciate anastomoses of superior labial a. supplies the orbicularis oris m. and the levator labii superioris m.superior laryngeal a. penetrates the thyrohyoid membrane in company with the internal br. of the superior lateral genicular a. anastomoses with the other genicular brs. of the popliteal a., circumflex fibular a. and anterior tibial recurrent superior medial genicular a. anastomoses with the other genicular brs. of the popliteal a., circumflex fibular a. and anterior tibial recurrent

superior mesenteric a. supplies the midgut derivatives; brs. of the superior mesenteric a. participate in formation superior pancreatic aa. are multiple small brs. arising from the splenic a.superior phrenic a. anastomoses with the musculophrenic a. and the pericardiacophrenic superior rectal a. is the continuation of the inferior mesenteric a. after the sigmoid brs. are given off; it anastomoses with the middle rectal a. and the superior suprarenal aa. are numerous small vessels that enter the suprarenal gland superior thoracic a. anastomoses with the intercostal aa. for intercostal spaces 1 and superior thyroid a. is usually the first branch of the external carotid a.

travels with the ulnar nerve; anastomoses with posterior ulnar recurrent a.superior vesical aa.arise from the umbilical a. proximal to where its lumen becomes supraduodenal a. supplies branches to both the anterior and posterior surfaces of the duodenumsupraorbital a. accompanies the supraorbital n.inferior suprarenal a. may anastomose with the superior suprarenal a.middle suprarenal a. anastomoses with the superior suprarenal a. and the inferior superior suprarenal aa. are numerous small vessels that enter the suprarenal gland anastomoses with the circumflex scapular a. and the dorsal scapular a. to form the scapular anastomosissupratrochlear a. accompanies the supratrochlear n.sural aa. are often confused with the inferior genicular aa. during dissection

Noteslateral tarsal a. anastomoses with the arcuate a.medial tarsal aa. are 2-3 in number; they anastomose with the medial malleolar aa.anterior deep temporal a. branches in the infratemporal fossa and runs deep to temporalis middle temporal a. anastomoses with the posterior br. of the deep temporal a.posterior deep temporal a. branches in the infratemporal fossa and runs deep to temporalis superficial temporal a. and maxillary a. are the terminal branches of the external carotid a.

testicular a. is one of the contents of the spermatic cord; the origin of the testicular a. from the aorta at the L2 vertebral level indicates the embryonic internal thoracic a. is also known as: internal mammary a.

lateral thoracic a. is a rare case in that it enters the serratus anterior from its superior thoracic a. anastomoses with the intercostal aa. for intercostal spaces 1 and thoracoacromial trunk pierces the costocoracoid membranethoracodorsal a. accompanies the thoracodorsal n.thyrocervical trunk does not give rise to the ascending cervical a.- it is a branch of the inferior thyroid a. gives rise to the ascending cervical a. as it arches mediallysuperior thyroid a. is usually the first branch of the external carotid a.

thyroidea ima a. is present in 10% of individuals; it is clinically significant because it is a midline artery in the region of anterior tibial recurrent a. anastomoses with the genicular aa. to participate in the formation of the anastomoses with the other genicular aa. to participate in the formation of the genicular anastomosisanterior tibial a. becomes continuous with the dorsalis pedis a.; the name change occurs at the level of the ankle jointposterior tibial a. is the direct continuation of the popliteal a. the name change occurs at the inferior border of the popliteus m. where the popliteal a. bifurcates; the tibial a. bifurcates on the medial transverse cervical a. gives rise to the dorsal scapular a. ~30% of the timetransverse facial a. anastomoses with branches of the buccal, infraorbital and facial there is only one brachiocephalic trunk

celiac trunk supplies the foregut derivatives

costocervical trunk is located between the anterior scalene m. and the middle scalene m.; it arches posteriorly over the cervical parietal the pulmonary trunk carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the right and left pulmonary aa.; each pulmonary a. carries deoxygenated blood to the hilum of one lung; bronchial aa. supply oxygenated blood to the tissues of the lung as far anterior tympanic a. passes through the petrotympanic fissure along with the chorda

Notes

Notes

thyrocervical trunk does not give rise to the ascending cervical a.- it is a branch of the

ulnar a. supplies the majority of blood to the superficial palmar arterial arch; it normally arises at the level of the elbow, but high branching of the brachial a. may cause anastomoses with the anterior ulnar recurrent a.travels with the ulnar nerve; anastomoses with posterior ulnar recurrent a.anterior ulnar recurrent a. often arises in common with the posterior ulnar posterior ulnar recurrent a. often arises from a common trunk with the anterior ulnar distal to the branches described at left, the lumen of the umbilical a. becomes obliterated after birth and the remnant of the vessel urethral a. branches off of the internal pudendal a. within the deep perineal spaceuterine a. anastomoses with the ovarian a. and the vaginal a.; it passes superior to the ureter in the pelvis; remember the saying "water under

anastomoses with the uterine a.; participates in the formation of the azygos arteries along the lateral surface of vertebral a. anastomoses with the internal carotid a. in the cerebral arterial circle (of Willis); it courses through the transverse inferior vesical a. anastomoses with the middle rectal a.

superior vesical aa.arise from the umbilical a. proximal to where its lumen becomes artery of the bulb of the vestibule courses within the deep perineal space to enter the deep surface of the bulb

Veins of the Body - Listed AlphabeticallyVein Tributaries Drains Into Region Drained

angular forehead, nose

palm, anterior forearm

behind ear

azygos sup. vena cava

basilic

basilar plexus cavernous sinus

right atriumcardiac, great

coronary sinus

cardiac, small coronary sinus

orbit, brain

cephalic axillary lateral hand & forearm

union of supraorbital & supratrochlea

unites with superior labial v. to form facial

antebrachial, median

superficial veins of palm & anterior forearm

median cubital or basilic

auricular, posterior

unites with post. div. of retromandibular to form external jugular

union of ascending lumbar & subcostal; post. intercostals 11-2 (rt. sup. intercostal), hemiazygos, accessory hemiazygos,

lateral & post. abdominal/chest wall, esophagus, bronchial tree

dorsal veins of hand medially; superficial forearm vs.,

unites with brachial vs. to form axillary vein

medial hand & forearm superficially

superior & inferior petrosal

internal vertebral plexus

brachiocephalic

union of subclavian & internal jugular; vertebral, thymic, inferior thyroid, internal

left & right brachiocephalic unite to form sup. vena cava

head, neck, upper limb, anterior chest wall

cardiac, anterior surface of right ventricular vs., left marginal

unites with oblique v. of left atrium to form coronary sinus

heart near anterior interventricular sulcus

cardiac, middle

ventricular vs.

heart near posterior interventricular sulcusheart near inferior vena cava & right coronary sulcuscavernous

sinusessuperior ophthalmic v., middle cerebral vs., sphenoparietal sinus

sup. & inf. petrosal sinuses

dorsal veins of hand laterally; superficial vs. of forearmcerebral,

greatunion of paired internal cerebrals;

unites with inferior sagittal sinus to form straight sinus

deep portions of cerebrum

superior sagittal sinusvesical plexus

clitoris superficially

transverse sinuses brain

rt. atrium

cephaliccystic gall bladder

diploic bones of cranial vault

emissary

esophageal esophagus

internal jugular face & ant. scalp

gastric, left portal

gastric, right portalsplenic

superior mesenteric

hemiazygos azygos

azygos

cerebral, inferior

superior sagittal sinus, cavernous sinus, transverse sinus, superior petrosal sinus

frontal & temporal lobes inferiorly

cerebral, cerebral cortex of clitoris, deep dorsal

erectile bodies of clitoris

of clitoris, superficial dorsal

superficial & deep external pudendal vs.

confluens of sinuses

sup. sagittal sinus, straight sinus, coronary

sinusunion of great cardiac v. & oblique v. of left atrium; middle cardiac, small

heart except anterior cardiac vs. & venae cordis minimae

cubital, basilic (poss. median hand & forearm directly into liver at bed of gall bladder

veins of dipoe of skull

frontal diploic, ant. & post. temporal diploic, occipital diploic are formed, draining to nearby veins or dural dorsal venous

arch of footdorsal digital vs.

great saphenous medially, small saphenous laterally

dorsum of digits & foot superficially

dorsal venous arch of hand

dorsal metacarpal vs.

cephalic laterally, basilic medially

dorsum of digits & hand superficially

connect scalp vs. with dural sinuses; 4 named emissary vs.: parietal, mastoid, occipital & condylarazygos & hemiazygos vs.

facial, common

union of ant. div. of retromandibular & facial lesser curvature of

stomach, lower esophagus

lesser curvature of gastro-omental, left

gastric & omental brs.

greater curvature of stomach & greater omentumgastro-

omental, rightgastric & omental brs.

greater curvature of stomach & greater omentumunion of left

ascending lumbar & subcostal vs.; left post. intercostal vs. 11-9 or 8,

lower posterolateral chest wall on left side

hemiazygos, accessory

left posterior intercostal vs. 4-7 or 8, left bronchial vs., esophageal

middle posterolateral chest wall on left side

hepatic, left inferior vena cava

inferior vena cava

hepatic, right inferior vena cava

intercostal spaces 2-4

external jugular

subclavian head & neck, shoulder

post. abdominal wall

dorsal digital digits of hand dorsallydorsal digital digits of foot dorsally

confluens of sinuses cerebellum

superior ophthalmic lower portion of orbit

cavernous sinus

ovarian

lateral segment & superior portion of medial segment of left lobe of liverhepatic,

middleinferior portion of medial segment of left lobe of liver, & inf. part of ant. segment of right posterior segment & superior portion of anterior segment of right lobe of liverintercostal,

posteriorspinal trib., posterior trib., collateral trib., lateral cutaneous

1st: brachiocephalic; 2nd-4th: superior intercostal; right 5th-11th: azygos; left 5th-7th or 8th: accessory hemiazygos; left 9th-

intercostal space & muscles & adjacent ribs, spinal cord segment & vertebra

intercostal, superior

2nd-4th posterior intercostal

right: arch of azygos; left: left brachiocephalic

jugular, anterior

submental, communicating

anterior neck superficially

jugular, external

union of posterior division of retromandibular & posterior auricular; post. external jugular, transverse

jugular, internal

union of sigmoid & inferior petrosal sinus; pharyngeal vs., lingual, common facial,

brain & skull, face, viscera of neck

lumbar, lumbar vs. 1- right: azygos; left: mesenteric, inferior

superior rectal, sigmoid vs., left colic

splenic (or superior mesenteric)

gut from splenic flexure distally

metacarpal, dorsal venous arch of metatarsal, dorsal venous arch of oblique, of left atrium

unites with great cardiac to form coronary sinus

left auricle & adjacent portion of left atrium

occipital sinusophthalmic, inferiorophthalmic, superior

nasofrontal, ant. & post. ethmoid, ciliary vs., central retinal,

eyeball, superior portion of orbit, ethmoid sinuses

right: inferior vena cava; left: left renal

ovary & distal uterine tube, ureter

testis

portal

superior mesenteric

paraumbilical

prostatic venous plexus erectile tissue of penis

sigmoid sinus orbit & brain

internal jugular v. orbit & brain

internal jugular pharynxportal

scalp behind ear

prepyloric right gastric pylorus of stomach

internal iliac penis & prostate

femoral

great saphenous

internal iliac

pulmonary left atrium lungs

pampiniform plexus

becomes testicular vein deep to deep inguinal ring

pancreaticoduodenal, posterior superior

posterior part of head of pancreas & 1st & 2nd part of duodenum posteriorlypancreaticod

uodenal, inferior

ant. & post. inferior pancreaticoduodenal

lower part of duodenum & head of pancreas

pancreaticoduodenal, anterior

unites with right gastro-omental to drain to superior mesenteric

upper duodendum & head of pancreas anteriorlyumbilical part of left

branch of portal veinfalciform ligament, round ligament of liver

of penis, deep dorsalof penis, superficial dorsal

superficial & deep external pudendal

superficial tissues of penis

petrosal sinus, superior

cavernous sinus

petrosal sinus, inferior

cavernous sinus

pharyngeal union of superior mesenteric & splenic; post. sup. pancreaticod

right & left branches of portal, into liver sinusoids

connects with caval drainage at 1) esophagus, 2) rectum, 3) umbilicus, 4) retroperitoneal gut structuresposterior

auricularunites with posterior division of retromandibular to form external jugular

prostatic plexus

deep dorsal v. of penis

pudendal, deep external

portion of superficial dorsal v. of penis/clitoris

superficial penis/clitoris, pubic region

pudendal, superficial external

portion of superficial dorsal v. of penis/clitoris

superficial penis/clitoris, pubic region

pudendal, internal

deep v. of clitoris/penis, v. of bulb, post. labial/scrotal, inferior rectal

crus & bulb of clitoris/penis, urogenital triangle, anal triangle

renal, left inferior vena cava

renal, right inferior vena cava right kidney

confluens of sinuses cerebral hemispheres

femoral

popliteal

internal jugular v. brain

small cardiac coronary sinus

straight sinus confluens of sinuses deep cerebrum

suprarenal suprarenal gland

testicular testis, ureter

lateral body wall

left brachiocephalic thyroid gland inferiorlyinternal jugular thyroid gland laterallyinternal jugular thyroid gland superiorlysigmoid sinuses brain

left ovarian/testicular, left suprarenal, poss. left inferior

left ovary/testes, left ureter, left kidney, left suprarenal, left part of diaphragm

retromandibular

union of superficial temporal & maxillary

ant. & post. divisions of retromandibular; ant. division unites with facial to form common facial, post. division unites with post. auricular to form

sagittal sinus, inferior

superior cerebral vs.

unites with great cerebral v. to form straight sinus

cerebral hemispheres medially

sagittal sinus, superior

superior cerebral vs.

saphenous, greater

dorsal venous arch of foot mediallly, perforating communications, superficial epigastric, superficial circumflex iliac,

superficial medial lower limb, lower abdominal wall, pudendal region

saphenous, lesser

dorsal venous arch of foot laterally

superficial lateral foot & leg

sigmoid sinuses

transverse sinuses, superior petrosal right atrium & ventricle

near inferior vena cavainf. sagittal sinus & great cerebral vein left: left renal, usually in

joined by left inferior phrenic; right: inferior vena cavapampiniform

plexus, ureteric tribs.

left: left renal; right: inferior vena cava

thoracoepigastric

lateral thoracic or axillary

thyroid, thyroid, thyroid, superior transverse sinuses

confluens of sinuses, inferior cerebral vs.

rt. atrium body below diaphragm

rt. atrium

maxillary

rectal plexus rectum & anus

uterus & uterine tube

lingual tongue

chambers of heart walls of heart chambers

adjacent segmental vs.

adjacent segmental vs.

vesical plexus urinary bladder

vena cava, inferior

union of paired common iliacs; lumbar vs. 4-1, rt. ovarian/testicular, renal vs., rt. suprarenal,

vena cava, superior

union of paired brachiocephalics; azygos

body above diaphragm except for pulmonary vs. & heart

pterygoid plexus

descending palatine, sphenopalatine, infraorbital, posterior superior alveolar, ant. & post. deep temporal, middle

meninges, nasal cavity, infratemporal fossa

superior, middle & inferior rectal

uterine plexus

uterine vs. to internal iliac

vaginal plexus

vaginal v. to internal iliac or uterine

connects with uterine & vesical plexus

vena comitans nervi venae cordis minimaevertebral plexus, external

vertebral column & associated muscles

vertebral plexus, internal

spinal cord, meninges, vertebral column

superior & inferior vesical vs. to internal iliac

Veins of the Body - Listed AlphabeticallyNotes

variable in size

connects with occipital

connects with superior & inferior ophthalmic vs.

may connect with inf. vena cava; arch of azygos passes sup. to root of lung (Greek, a- = not + zygon = yoke, therefore unyoked or unpaired, as the azygos vein)

connects with deep veins of forearm

variable, connects with other small sinuses nearbyat its origin, left brachiocephalic receives thoracic duct, right receives right lymphatic duct (Latin, brachio- = arm + cephalic = head)

lies within dura mater beside body of sphenoid bone

median cubital usually shunts some blood to basilic

a.k.a. coronary v.

lies on occipital bone within junction of falx cerebri & tentorium cerebelli(Latin, coronary = crown)

these multiple small vs. drain gall bladder directly into liverconnect with dural sinuses & meningeal vs.

connect with esophageal brs. of left gastric, forming potential portal-caval anastomosis

connects with esophageal vs., forming portal-caval anastomosis (esophageal varices

connects with angular v.

connects with uterine v.

(Latin, jugulum = throat)(Latin, jugulum = throat)

(Latin, jugulum = throat)

connects adjacent courses lateral to 4th part of duodenum

lies within dura mater at base of falx cerebelliconnects with pterygoid plexus through inf. orbital fissure

surrounds testicular art. to cool arterial blood reaching testis (Latin, pampiniform = tendril-like + plexus = a braid)connects with posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal

connects with ant. & post. superior pancreaticoduodenal

connects with ant. inferior pancreaticoduodendalpotential site of portal-caval anastomosis; blood may pass retrogradely into body wall veins near umbilicus, creating

lies on petrous ridge within dura mater at attachment of tentorium cerebellilies within dura mater at medial end of petrous temporalconnects with pterygoid

helpful in locating pyloric region of stomachconnects with vesical plexus (Latin, plexus = a braid)

usually two pulmonary vs. per side, sup. & inf., empty into left atrium

crosses abdominal aorta under the origin of superior mesenteric art.

lies on corpus callosum in free margin of falx cerebrilies superiorly within falx cerebri; lacunae receive arachnoid granulations(Greek, saphenous = clearly visible)

(Greek, saphenous = clearly visible)lies within sigmoid groove covered by dura mater (Greek, sigmoid = resembles the greek

lies within junction of falx cerebri & tentorium cerebelli

connects with superficial circumflex iliac & superficial epigastric, and can

lies within attachment of tentorium cerebelli to inner cranial vault

(Latin, plexus = a braid)

connects with cavernous sinus & pharyngeal plexus (Greek, pterygoid = wing-shaped)

site of portal-systemic anastomosis (Latin, plexus = a braid)connects with ovarian v. & vaginal plexus (Latin, plexus = a braid)

connects with internal vertebral plexus (Latin, plexus = a braid)connects with external vertebral plexus (Latin, plexus = a braid)connects with prostatic & rectal plexus or uterine & vaginal plexus (Latin, plexus = a braid)

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