GRM 2013: Impact of key physiological traits on wheat adaptation to contrasting drought...
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Transcript of GRM 2013: Impact of key physiological traits on wheat adaptation to contrasting drought...
Fernanda Dreccer, H. OuabbouT. Condon, F. Makdis, L. Barnes,, F. Eticha, M.Reynolds, M. G. Borgognone, S. Udupa, T. Wuletaw, F. C. Ogbonnaya
PLANT INDUSTRY
Impact of key physiological traits on wheat adaptation to
contrasting drought mega-environments
Background
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• Limited water availability: most important abiotic constraint to yield globally; increasing uncertainty regarding rising temperature and atmospheric demand.
• Yield improvement remains slow, due to the large GxE interaction.
• Given the changing timing and intensity of drought, different patterns of water use (and traits underpinning them) are required to maximise yield.
Traits for drought types | Dreccer
Objectives
I. Assess the relative impact of putative key traits to different drought mega-environments.
II. Develop and validate a field-based phenotyping system to estimate patterns of crop water use on a seasonal basis
III. Evaluate ICARDA elite drought adapted lines and the traits underpinning them.
IV. Build capability in non-invasive phenotyping, particularly within the Central and West Asia and North Africa.
Traits for increased water productivity.....
Tillering
Early vigour
Water soluble carbohydrates
Phenology
C13 disc.
Stay green
.....have the potential to increase transpiration, shift WU to critical crop periods, increase water use efficiency and/or influence biomass partitioning to the grains
Traits for drought types | Dreccer
Passioura and Angus
Environments, germplasm & methods
CIMMYT, Mexico
EIAR, Ethiopia
CSIRO, AU
INRA/CRRA Morocco
ICARDA, Syria and Lebanon
Summer dominant rainfall
Winter dominant rainfall
Uniform rainfall
Environments: 38 (YxLxM) Up to 245 lines: • ICARDA elite nurseries • Trait comparison lines • Global checks Measurements: • Ground cover • Canopy temperature • Phenology • Biomass, yield and components • Environment Analysis: • MET analysis; linear mixed models
Traits for drought types | Dreccer
Genetic correlations show specific adaptation for Yield
Traits for drought types | Dreccer 5 |
10MX_Cia_RF10ET_Kul_RF10ET_De_RF10ET_Mel_RF09ET_Mel_RF09ET_De_RF10SY_Mal12MO_SEA_Late12MO_ZEM_Late11MO_SEA_RF11MO_SEA_Irr10MO_SEA_RF10MO_SEA_IRR10SY_TTa_RF11AU_Tem_RF10LE_Ter11SY_Mal11SY_THa11SY_Bre_RF11LE_KDa10SY_THa11LE_Ter10AU_Lee_RF11AU_Yan_RF10AU_Lee_IRR10SY_THa_Late11MO_Mar_RF10AU_Gat_IRR_Late10AU_Gat_RF10AU_Gat_IRR10AU_Tem_RF09AU_Gat_RF09AU_Gat_IRR
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Morocco In-season rainfall vs.
Stored soil moisture
Later maturity advantageous in longer seasons with intermittent rainfall
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10MO_SEA
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• Yields from 2 (2010) to 5 (2011) t/ha.
• Yields were correlated to GN/m2.
• Resources such as radiation and N, better utilised for grain production
Traits for drought types | Dreccer
In- season rainfall - Morocco
Traits for drought types| Dreccer 7 |
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SVS tin CSIRO
ZAFIR-ICARDA
NEJMAH-ICARDA
In seasons with intermittent rainfall, more spikes per m2 lead to more yield independently of flowering date
• Very low +/no correlation between flowering date and spike number
SVS tin lines ca. 7 days earlier and ICARDA lines less than a day later compared to site average.
In- season rainfall - Morocco
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Stored soil moisture- Ethiopia
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10ET_Melkassa
10ET_Dhera
• Yield associated to GN/m2 via grains per spike, not spike number m2. • Short spikes with few grains.
• High TE lines had 25% more yield across sites.
Earlier maturing lines did better under terminal drought
Traits for drought types| Dreccer
winter
spring
Real-time simulation of LAI, water use: derived phenotypes
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Tota
l bio
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LAI
Gro
und
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Zad
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Long season
Phenotyping- Dreccer
1. Photograph canopy
2. Fit phenology, look for parameter combination (kl, SLA) to fit GC with minimum error
3. Estimate LAI, biomass, water use
4. Compare ‘derived phenotypes’, e.g. total transpiration, season TE
Dreccer, Zheng, Chapman, Chan
Conclusions/Next steps
• Initial analysis highlighted the possibilities for E specific adaptation • A particular flowering pattern can have opposite effects in different drought types.
• Developmental and morphological traits are important drivers of water productivity. • Flowering and tillering patterns can be combined for yield advantage.
• For crops grown under stored soil moisture, traits saving water for the critical period (higher TE), tackling spike sterility or sustaining grain growth (high WSC) are likely candidates for combination.
• Analysis of traits in the context of weather/water availability conditions per pheno-stage
• Phenotyping: • Streamlined methods to characterise main target traits • Attempt at integration via phenotyping + simulation with initial encouraging results on the
‘derived phenotype’ for seasonal trends (T, TE). Effort needs to continue. • Development of cheaper technologies to be deployed more widely
10 | Traits for drought types | Dreccer
Outputs/Products
Presentation title | Presenter name 11 |
Germplasm characterisation • 38 (YxLxM) across drought mega-environments • Data: yield, components, height, development and height genes
Dreccer 12 |
Germplasm Trait Number Availability
ICARDA lines Drought nurseries up to 200 Free
Seri x Babax RILS WSC, tillering Ca. 20 M. Reynolds
CSIRO lines Tillering (tin), TE (13C), EV Ca. 25 MTA
• Syria: 10 elite germplasm lines were to be planted in on-farm trials involving 30 farmers in Nov./Dec. 2011. This was thwarted by the unrest.
• Morocco: breeders have selected 23 lines, now in crossing blocks. • Ethiopia: NARS breeders identified 15-20 lines for performance under drought , stem
and yellow rust resistance to the Ethiopian pathotypes. Crossing started in 2010. Selections also tested at Preliminary National Variety trials.
Germplasm take-up
• 2 workshops on phenotyping for water productivity: Aleppo 2010 and Rabat 2013.
• Trait value in different environments • Phenotyping methods • Association mapping • QEI & QTI including crop simulation for functional responses of WU
Dreccer 13 |
Capability building
Papers
PLANT INDUSTRY
Thank you
Francis Ogbonnaya Tony G. Condon
Farid Makdis and Sripada Udupa Laura Barnes
Hassan Ouabbou Firdissa Eticha and Solomon Gelalcha Matthew Reynolds Gaby Borgognone Greg Rebetzke, Osman Abdallah Tadesse Wuletaw