GRM 2013: CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas – M Gedil
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Transcript of GRM 2013: CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas – M Gedil
CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas:
Overview
GCP-GRM
27 September, 2013
A collaboration of:
+ a wide spectrum research-for-development stakeholders & partners
Banana Plantain
Cassava Potato Sweetpotato Yam Other R&T
Our crops
200 million farmers depend on RTB crops Buffering role in food systems
Andean Aroids
Cross center collaboration
PRIMARY CROP EXPERTISE
OTHER ROOTS AND TUBERS
CENTER
BANANA
CASSAVA
POTATO
SWEETPOTATO
YAM
AROIDS
ANDEAN
Bioversity
CIAT
CIP
CIRAD
IITA
• Increased scale
• Critical mass of researchers
• Greater capacity • Exploit synergies: genuine “win-wins” eg similarities in
seed systems and post harvest management
To do together what we cannot do separately
Program “value added”
RTBs share • Genetic complexity • Lengthy growing season • Vegetative propagation, similar seed
systems • Low multiplication ratio • Disease build up
• Unrealized high yield potential • Under-investment
• Inadequate research and poor dissemination of technological innovations
Why Roots, Tubers and Bananas?
Why Roots, Tubers and Bananas?
Bulkiness:
implications for handling, transport, storage, crop hygiene: farm gate processing, proximity to industries
Perishability
implications for marketing, utilization, crop management
Insufficient and poor quality planting material
Limited use of improved post harvest handling technologies
Genetic Improvement Challenges 1 Genetics poorly understood 2 Long Breeding cycle* except Potato 3 Flowering/incompatibility 4 High level of heterozygosity 5 Limited Genomic resources 6 Critical mass of researchers 7 High GXE 8 Low Genetic Diversity 9 High post-harvest losses
10 Low multiplacation ratio 11 No private sector interest
Program structure: Integrates 7 Themes Theme 1 Conserving and accessing genetic resources Theme 2 Accelerating the development and selection of
varieties with higher, more stable yield and added value
Theme 3 Managing priority pests and diseases Theme 4 Making available low-cost, high-quality planting
material for farmers
Theme 5 Developing tools for more productive, ecologically robust cropping systems
Theme 6 Promoting postharvest technologies, value chains, and market opportunities
Theme 7 Enhancing impact through partnerships
Theme 1 and 2: Germplasm enhancement Theme 1 Conserving and accessing genetic resources
Theme 2 Accelerating the development and selection of varieties with higher, more stable yield and added value
Research Outcomes: • Increased Access to, and enhanced use of RTB genetic resources • Increased NARS capacity in breeding, pest and disease mangt, quality seed systems. • Accelerated development of RTB varieties with pro-poor traits by NARs
Novel Component by Theme
Theme 1 Impact Pathway: product lines, products, outcomes, and impacts
Theme 2 Impact Pathway: product lines, products, outcomes, and impacts
PL 1: Breeding tools, strategies, and approaches
• Screening tools for nutritional quality: NIRS • Improved flowering of parental lines: phytohormones,
flowering genes • Heterosis breeding: heterotic patterns • Inbreeding for RTB improvement: e.g. unravel
recessive alleles; reduce genetic load • Accelerated selection schemes and MAS
Biotechnology Tools
• Marker-assisted selection
• Association mapping
• Genomic Selection
• Genetic modification
• Mutation induction enhanced breeding
• Unraveling host-pathogen interaction
PL 2: Trait capture and gene discovery
Phenotyping—a crucial and challenging issue
• Rapid, accurate, large‐scale phenotyping
• Plant architecture – non destructive MRI (CIP-Embrapa)
• Drought and heat tolerance • “virtual phenotyping platform.”
• Gene Discovery: TILLLing ecoTILLing
• Pre-breeding: AB-QTL (introgression); ploidy induction; DH
Complementary projects: capture “value added”
Theme Theme name Title Type 1&2 Genetic resources Enhancing Global RTB Productivity through more targeted
use of global genetic diversity; Full proposal
2 Development and selection of varieties
Multi-centre planning on Banana/Plantain Improvement Planning grant
3 Managing priority pests and diseases Developing tools for describing, quantifying and managing diseases causing degeneration of planting material in RTB
Full proposal
3 Managing priority pests and diseases Towards the development of comprehensive strategy for combating Bemisia tabaci – a continuing menace to R&T crops
Planning grant
3 Managing priority pests and diseases Building a collaborative, public-private R4D alliance to address BBTV in Sub-Saharan Africa;
Planning grant
3 Managing priority pests and diseases Management of critical pests and diseases of RTBs through enhanced risk assessment and surveillance
Planning grant
4 Seed systems Developing a proposal for modelling RTB-seed systems: Towards decision support systems for improving seed related investments
Planning grant
5 Robust cropping systems Identifying and quantifying yield gaps in RTB crops to devise technologies for increased RTB production
Planning grant
7 Impact through partnerships Reaching end user through capacity strengthening and learning: A needs assessment
Planning grant
7 Impact through partnerships From rhetoric to reality on gender: Implementing the RTB gender strategy
Planning grant
7 Impact through partnerships Partnerships and knowledge sharing for innovation in roots, tubers and banana research for development
Planning grant
RTB cross-crop projects: 2012-13 Examples Omics platform
Multi-centre planning on Banana/Plantain Improvement
Tools for quantifying and managing diseases causing degeneration of planting material Strategy for combating Bemisia tabaci
Alliance to address banana bunchy top virus in Sub-Saharan Africa;
Enhanced risk assessment and surveillance of critical pests and diseases
Modelling RTB-seed systems for improving seed related investments
Identifying and quantifying yield gaps for increased production
Capacity strengthening and learning: A needs assessment
Implementing the RTB gender strategy
Partnerships and knowledge sharing for innovation
• Next generation breeding for genetic gain
• Game changing traits/solutions (GMO)
• Global network of RTB in-situ conservation monitoring sites
Discovery flagships in RTB
Next generation breeding for genetic gain
RTB transformational
breeding platform utilizing
genomics, metabolomics, and phenomics
Integrated RTB breeding data management
systems
Genetic diversity access,
assessment, and incorporation
into value-added germplasm pools
Capacity strengthening
Accelerated and decentralized participatory breeding and
selection methods
Linkage to high-ratio
multiplication clean seed
systems
Gender-responsive
baseline assessment of farmer needs
Theory of change • Breeding platform
accelerates genetic gain • Gender disaggregated
user feedback improves adoptability
• Indicators & incentives improve performance
RTB transformational breeding platform utilizing genomics, metabolomics, and phenomics
Next gen breeding: metrics (examples) Target environment
Target Trait Current level of trait
Target level 2023
Cassava
Asia Yield, starch content Medium-high (25%) High (32%) West and Central Africa
High pro-vitamin A (>15 ug/g B-carotenes) high DM, poundable with low CNP
1/3 target level of beta-carotenoids. Dry matter content less than 30%
Target > 2% increase in carotenoids content and dry matter content per year
Potato
Subtropical Lowlands
Earliness Virus resistance Heat tolerance User preference
Average maturity period >85 days and susceptible to viruses
Combined resistance PVY PVX and PLRV 70-day maturity in 40% popn.
Sweet Potato
Tropical & Sub-tropical lowlands
Yield & earliness 8t /ha 120 days 9.6 t/ha 100 days SPVD resistance < 1% in breeding
pop. 10% in breeding pop.
Yams
West Africa High yield and DM anthracnose + nematode resistance
Average yield below 10 t/ha.
Yield above 30 t/ha. + resistance to anthracnose and viruses
Acknowledgment Graham Thiele, RTB Director All CRP-RTB Team Members
Thank You