Grid & Sub Station

8/13/2019 Grid & Sub Station

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enerating Station

Transmission Network

Distribution Network

Load

Grid

4 Segments of a Power System

(u!k Power"

(Sma!! Distributed Power"


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Grid Substation

#yde!

Station

Distribution

Substation

Distribution

Substation

Diese!

Generating

Station

Grid

Substation

Nuc!ear

Station

Grid Substation

GridSubstation

Grid

ttle complex is:Grid

Substation

T$erma!

Station

Grid Sub

station


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%ngredients of a ty&ica! Grid

'" Generation

o a grid network consists of 4 segments:

" Transmission

)" Distribution

4" Load


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*a+or Generation Sources

T$erma! Power P!ant #yde! Power P!antNuc!ear Power P!ant

iomass Power P!ant

Gas , Diese! Power P!ant

ase Load Generating Stations

-ind Power P!ant

Peak Load Generating Stations


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Transmission Network

Grid Station Transmission Lines

/arious /o!tage Le0e!s in Transmission

112/ 3 Typically) *-

'' 2/ 3 Typically1516 *-

') 2/ 3 Typically758 *-

2/ 3 Typically'85 *-

4 2/ 3 Typically4656 *-

716 2/ 3 Typically'5'6 *-


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Grid Studies Distribution

Network

/arious /o!tage Le0e!s in Distribution

))2/ 3 Typically' *-

'' 2/ 3 Typically456 *-

.4 2/ 3 Typically.15.76 *-


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Grid StudiesDifferent ty&es of

Loads

%nducti0e Load

9a&aciti0e Load

:esisti0e Load

Pum& Sets

Transformers ;!ectric *otor

Load 9om&onents


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Load and

Transmission LossGeneration

Grid Studies

a!ance b,w Generation and Load 9onsum&tion in Power System

Grid System as See5Saw


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About Substation.


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SLD of a substation

Line ay

us ar System

Transformer ay

@eeder aysAuBi!!ary

Trafo. ays

Power Trafo.


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Line ay


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Transformer ay


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@eeder ays


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AuBi!!ary

Transformer ay


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Different Line ay Sc$emes

1)Radial Connected Substation with Single Line Bay. (fig.1)

2)Radial Connected Substation with Double Line Bays (fig.2)

)L!L" Connected Substation with Single Line Bay(fig.)

#)L!L" Connected Substation with Double Line Bays. (fig.#)

Substation CS

%ncoming Line A

(fig.1Substation CS

%ncoming Line AS

(fig.!

%ncoming Line AS

Substation CS

(fig."Substation CS

(fig.4

%ncoming Line AS


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Diffe$ent B%S BAR

sche&es..


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Sing!e us ar Arrangement.

T#is arrangement consists of a single$%s $ar to w#ic# &ario%s feeders are

connected. 'n case of a fa%lt or

maintenance of $%s $ar total s#%t

down occ%rs and #ence pro&ides least

flexi)ilit*.


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S%NGL; CS SST;*

@;;D;:'

*A%N CS A:*A%N CS A:

@;;D;:

T,@5'T,@5

A' A A) A4 A6


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S%NGL; CS SST;* -%T# S;9T%?NAL%S%NG %S?LAT?:

@;;D;:'

*A%N CS A:*A%N CS A:

@;;D;:

T,@5'T,@5

A' A A) A4


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Doub!e us ar Arrangement.

T#is arrangement pro&ides

additional flexi)ilit* contin%it* of

+ower S%ppl* permits periodic

maintenance wit#o%t total s#%t

down as t#ere is red%ndant $%s

$ar and ,irc%it $reaker ($%s

,o%pler.


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D?CL; CS SST;*

CS5CS5

CS5'CS5'

@;;D;:5'

T,@5' T,@5

CS

9?CPL;:

@;;D;:5

A' A A) A4 A6 A7$- /

D?CL; *A%N CS 9 PASS %S? SST;*


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D?CL; *A%N CS 9 PASS %S? SST;*

@;;D;:'

CS5CS5

CS5'CS5'

T,@5'

CS

9?C

PL;:

@;;D;:

T,@5

@;;D;:) @;;D;:4

A' A

A)

A4

A6

A1 A7

@?: AN 9 P:?L;* ?: @?:

P:;/;NT%/; *A%NTAN;N9;> SC9#

@;;D;: 9AN ; S#%@T;D T? AN?T#;:

CS AND T#; PASS %S?LAT?: %S9L?S;D> T#;N P:?T;9T%?N %S

T:ANS@;::;D T? CS 9?CPL;: AND

T#; @ACLT 9 9AN ; %S?LAT;D.


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D?CL; *A%N CS T:ANS@;: CS SST;*

@;;D;:'

CS5CS5

CS5'CS5'

@;;D;:

T:ANS@;:

CS

9?CPL;:

T,@5' T,@5

CS

9?CPL;:

T:ANS@;: CST:ANS@;: CS

@;;D;:) @;;D;:4

A' A

A) A4 A6

A1 A7 A8


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?ne and a #a!f reaker Arrangement

T#is arrangement pro&ides t#ree circ%it)reakers for e&er* two circ%its. 't gi&es

#ig# sec%rit* against loss of s%ppl* )%t

#ig#er cost is in&ol&ed. 0ence t#is ispro&ided for important 423 S%)

Stations.

't ma* )e config%red in '5 or 65 s#apes


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%59?N@%GCA:AT%?N

@;;D;: '

@;;D;: )

@;;D;:

@;;D;: 4

CS

5(

CS

5(

CS

5

'

CS

5'

A'AA)

A4A6A1


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D59?N@%GCA:AT%?N

CS5CS5

CS5'CS5'

@;;D;:) @;;D;:4 @;;D;:7 @;;D;:8 @;;D;:'' @;;D;:'

@;;D;:' @;;D;: @;;D;:6 @;;D;:1 @;;D;:E @;;D;:'

AD'

A

AD)

AD4

A6

AD1

AD7

A8

ADE

AD'

A''

AD'(

AD')

A'4

AD'6

AD'1

A'7

AD'8

D%A'

D%A

D%A)

D%A4

D%A6

D%A1


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Substation

'ain

ui*&entAu+ilia$y

ui*&entsAu+ilia$ySyste&s

St$uctu$e

a$thingCi,il

nginee$ed!te&


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7aintenance tips 8

,#ecks incase oftripping

9#;92S ?N P?-;: T:ANS@?:*;:


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P:?T;9T%/; :;LASF

9ACS;S @?: ?P;:AT%?N ?@ D%@@;:;NT%AL :;LA (87"9ACS;S @?: ?P;:AT%?N ?@ D%@@;:;NT%AL :;LA (87"

9ail%re of Lig#tening -rrestors pro&ided to Transformer.9ail%re of Lig#tening -rrestors pro&ided to Transformer.

9ail%re of 03L3 ,Ts of Transformer.9ail%re of 03L3 ,Ts of Transformer.

;ntr* of - ,ore ,T secondar* wiring.

7alf%nctioning of


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P:?T;9T%/; :;LASF

9ACS;S @?: ?P;:AT%?N ?@ :;ST:%9T;D ;A:T# @ACLT :;LA

(%NSTANTAN;?CS ;A:T# @ACLT :;LA" (14:"

9ail%re of Ae%tral ,T or A,T de&eloping ratio error.9ail%re of Ae%tral ,T or A,T de&eloping ratio error.

Loose connection of clamps.Loose connection of clamps.

Transformer Binding fa%lt* (


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P:?T;9T%/; :;LASF9ACS;S @?: ?P;:AT%?N ?@ T:ANS@?:*;: C9#?LT :;LAF

-ir trapped in


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P:?T;9T%/; :;LASF

9ACS;S @?: ?P;:AT%?N ?@ P:;SSC:; :;L%;@ /AL/; (P:/"F

'nternal #ea&* fa%lt in Transformer ca%sing t%r)%lence w#erein t#e indicator flap #as

operated wit# or wit#o%t splas#ing of oil.

+


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P:?T;9T%/; :;LASF

9ACS;S @?: ?P;:AT%?N ?@ *AGN;T%9 ?%L GCAG; (*?G" ALA:*F

Low oil le&el in Transformer conser&ator.

7=G defecti&e.

9#;92S T? ; 9?NDC9T;D STAT%?N STA@@F

,#eck oil le&el )* opening cap n%t on conser&ator top %sing a dip stick.

,#eck for leakages in Transformer.

A9T%?N T? ; TA2;N STAT%?N STA@@F

Top of oil in conser&ator at t#e !D degree marking.+l%g leakages a&ailing assistance of S%)station 'n@c#arge.


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9#;92S ?N P?-;: T:ANS@?:*;:


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P:?T;9T%/; :;LASF

9ACS;S @?: ?P;:AT%?N ?@ ?%L T;*P;:ATC:; ALA:* , T:%P AND -%ND%NG

T;*P;:ATC:; ALA:* , T:%PF

=&erloading of Transformer.


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9#;92S ?N 9ircuit reakersF


,#eck air and gas press%re #o%rl*.

L%)ricate reF%ired parts reg%larl*.

,#eck ,ompressor working ('n pne%matic t*pe reg%larl*.


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9#;92S ?N L%G#T;N%NG A::;ST?:S F

9#;9#2S T? ; 9?NDC9T;D STA@@

,lean Lig#tening -rrestor stacks.

6%ring periodical o%tages c#eck '< &al%es to gro%nd )* disconnecting L- from circ%it.


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9#;92S ?N %S?LAT?:SF


,#eck linkages for sim%ltaneo%s operation operating mec#anism stopper )olts etc.

,#eck eart# switc# copper flexi)le.

,#eck eart# connections of eart# )lade.

,lean ins%lators and c#eck for cracks.

,lean main contacts eart# )lade and spring assem)l*.

-ppl* +etrole%m ell* to contacts and l%)ricate mo&ing parts and )earing.

,#eck and tig#ten H%mps and clamps.

Grid & Sub Station

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