Grid Integration of Solar Energy What Have We Learned Bialek.pdfC598 DVAr Device 05/07/2013 0...
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Grid Integration of Solar Energy What Have We Learned Thomas Bialek, PhD PE Chief Engineer October 29, 2015
Transcript of Grid Integration of Solar Energy What Have We Learned Bialek.pdfC598 DVAr Device 05/07/2013 0...
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Grid Integration of Solar EnergyWhat Have We Learned
Thomas Bialek, PhD PEChief Engineer
October 29, 2015
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PV Intermittency
Measure
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Measure
Nominal Voltage
Upper ANSI Range
Upper ANSI Range
Nominal Voltage
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Data Analysis
4
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Nu
mb
er
of
Cir
cuit
s
SDG&E PV Penetration by Circuit
> 30%
20% to 29%
10% to 19%
< 10%
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Modeling DER Integration
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Modeling DER Integration
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7
Modeling - Detailed PSCad Modeling
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8
Modeling - RTDS
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Modeling - Results
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Modeling - Baseline
VR 1020G VR 1024G VR 838G
Tap Changes 125 85 31
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Modeling - Dynamic Voltage Control
VR 1020G VR 1024G VR 838G
Tap Changes 45 77 121
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Modeling - Solutions
With and without dynamic VAr device
With and without energy storage
With and without storage and 4 quadrant control
Red = With Blue = Without
P
Q
-Q
-P
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Modeling - X/R Voltage Impact
0.860
0.880
0.900
0.920
0.940
0.960
0.980
1.000
no Gen Unity 0.9 lag 0.9 lead 0.1 lead
0.61
6.1
25
X/R Ratio
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Lessons Learned
Factors Determining Impact
• Location on the Circuit
• Near Substation vs End of Circuit
• Circuit Rating
– 4 kV vs 12 kV
• Type of Circuit
– Urban vs Rural
• Circuit minimum loading
• High vs Low
• Circuit X/R ratio at location
• High vs Low
• Aggregate DG capacity
• Transmission issues
• Voltage Regulation Equipment
Generation
Load
+5%
-5%
0 CVR
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Lessons Learned
Solutions?
• Circuit modifications
– Monitoring and ensuring resource adequacy
– Voltage regulation
• Demand response
– Slower dP/dt events?
• 4 quadrant control
– Utility dynamic VAR devices
– Utility storage
– Customers inverters/storage
• Regulatory/Standards Changes
– Existing rules require modification to accommodate high PV penetration
– CA SIWG advanced functionality
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0 300 600 900 1200275
275.5
276
276.5
277
277.5
278
278.5
279
279.5
Vo
lta
ge
(V
olts)
0
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-50
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-150
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Re
al o
r R
ea
ctiv
e P
ow
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(kW
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kVA
r)
C598 DVAr Dev ice 05/07/2013
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Voltage
1
Power
2
Reactiv e Power
Solutions - Dynamic VAr Device
720 780 840 900 960
275.5
276
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277
277.5
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279
Vo
lta
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(V
olts)
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Re
al o
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ea
ctive
Po
we
r (k
W o
r kV
Ar)
C598 DVAr Dev ice 05/07/2013
0
Voltage
1
Power
2
Reactiv e PowerDVAr Off
DVAr Off
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Solutions - PV with Smart Inverter
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Solar PV Capacity Challenges
• Solar does not coincide with residential distribution system peaks• Solar output curve does not match typical residential customer daily usage profile• Opportunity for distribution and residential energy storage• Commercial load profile is more aligned to solar output
1810/15/2014
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Control Hierarchy
DERMS [Master]
MGC DRMS
DMS
Engines:• Forecast• Scheduling• Pricing
SCADA
DERMS [1-n](Multiple instances)
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The Possible: Peak Smoothing through Storage San Diego Zoo - May 5, 2014
(100.00)
(50.00)
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50.00
100.00
150.00
22:00 0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 0:00 2:00
kW o
r %
Time of Day (5/5/2014)
San Diego Zoo Solar to EV ProjectPV Smoothing and Peak Shifting from Battery
PV Power (kW DC)
Grid Power (kW AC)
Battery Power (kW DC)
Battery SOC (%)
EV Charger (kW)
Battery Charging Off Peak
PV Smoothing During Day
Battery Discharge During Evening Peak to Offset Drop in PV
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Questions?
Thomas Bialek
Chief Engineer - Smart Grid
www.sdge.com/smartgrid/
Thank You
mailto:[email protected]://www.sdge.com/smartgrid/
