Grid Asia2008 Low Latency Data Grid

Copyright © 2006, GemStone Systems Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Low Latency Data Grids in Finance

Jags RamnarayanChief Architect

GemStone [email protected]


Background on GemStone Systems

• Known for its Object Database technology since 1982

• Now specializes in memory-oriented distributed data management

• Over 200 installed customers in global 2000

• Grid focus driven by:– Very high performance with predictable

throughput, latency and availability• Capital markets• Large e-commerce portals – real time fraud• Federal intelligence


Use of Grid computing in finance

• Two primary areas in tier 1 investment banks– Risk Analytics– Pricing


State of affairs – Risk Analytics

• Deluge of data (market data, trade data, etc)

• Overnight batch job doesn’t cut it– Want intra-day risk metrics– In some cases, real-time risk

• Explosion in simulation scenarios– More accurate risk exposure– Compliance

• Increasing number of smaller calculations


State of affairs – Pricing (derivatives)

• Too many products

• Increasing complexity in products– Too many underliers– Many relationships

• Hunger for latency reduction– Calculating the new price with lowest possible

latency– Pushing the prices to distributed applications


Where is the problem?

Grid

Scheduler

Compute farm

Data warehouses Rational databases

• Database/file access contention– Too many concurrent

connections– Large database server

bottlenecks on network– Queries results are large

causing CPU bottlenecks– Even a parallel file system

throttled by disk speeds• Too much data transfer

– Between tasks, Jobs– Between Grid and file systems,

databases– Data consistency issues

File system

CPU bound job turns into a IO bound Job


Data Fabric for Risk Analytics

OtherDatabases

File system

JavaClient

C++Client

C#Client When data is stored, it is

transparently replicated and/or partitioned;

Redundant storage can be in memory and/or on disk—ensures continuous availability

Keep reference data replicated on many; partition trade data

Machine nodes can be added dynamically to expand storage capacity or to handle increased client load

Pool memory (and disk) across cluster ; parallelize

data access and computation to achieve very high

aggregate throughput


Data Fabric for Risk Analytics

OtherDatabases

File system

JavaClient

C++Client

C#Client

TaskFlow - As results are generated push events to compute nodes to initiate subsequent computation Avoid bulk data transfer

across tasks or Jobs

Thousands of compute nodes can maintain local cache of most frequently used data; Optionally use local disk for overflow

Move reference data to local cache

Synchronous read through, write through or

Asynchronous write-behind to other data sources and

sinks


Move business logic to data

f1 , f2 , … fn

FIFO Queue

Data fabric Resources

Exec function

s

Sept TradesSubmit (f1) ->

AggregateHighValueTrades(<input data>,

“where trades.month=‘Sept’)

Function (f1)

Function (f2)

Principle: Move task to computational resource with most of the relevant data before considering other nodes where data transfer becomes necessary

Parallel function execution service (“Map Reduce”) Data dependency hints

• Routing key, collection of keys, “where clause(s)” Serial or parallel execution


Key lessons

• Apps should think about capitalizing memory across Grid (it is abundant)

• Keep IO cycles to minimum through main memory caching of operational data sets– Scavange Grid memory and avoid data source access

• Achieve linear scaling for your Grid apps by horizontally partitioning your data and behavior– Read “Pat helland’s – Life beyond Distributed transactions” (

http://www-db.cs.wisc.edu/cidr/cidr2007/papers/cidr07p15.pdf)

• Get more info on the GemFire data fabric– http://www.gemstone.com/gemfire

Grid Asia2008 Low Latency Data Grid

Technology

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