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Waste by the Numbers --- - (uv€--o.)In 2006, each person in the U.S. produced 4.6 pounds of wd'ste every

day. That's 251.3 mill ion tons total. The graph below showsapproximately what hapPens toyour trash once it's picked up at thecurbside (from the EPA MunicipalSolid Waste report of 2006l.

Some trash is sent to incineratorsrather than landfills, where it isburned. Many of these incineratorsare set up to make use of the heatof burning trash to produceelectricity and are called "waste-to-energr" plants. The EPA does notreport how much trash isincinerated without enerry recovery.Instead. that is included in thelarge, solid black section of thegraph along with the trash that goesto the landfills.

This graph shows where our waste comes from, before any of it is

recycled, composted or incinerated. Non-durable goods are things

like paper and clothing that we keep for average of three years orless. Durable goods include things like machinery and furniture,which generally last longer than three years.

The Imperfections of RecyclingRecycling is basically a good thing. It saves ener5/ (recycling a tonof paper saves as much ener$/ as 185 gallons of gasoline couldproduce), saves trees, saves resources, saves money, and keepslandfills from getting too full. In 2006, almost 33o/o of the (non-

industrial) waste we generate was recovered either by recycling or

composting (not counting the composting you do in your backyard).That saved the energr 1O billion gallons of gasoline could produce.

Unfortunately, recycling isn't all rainbows and lollipops.

What we usually call "recycling," some people have started to call"downcycling." Have you ever noticed that 1OO% recycled paper isoften rougher and tears more easily? This is because paper is notdesigned to be recycled into exactly the same thing. Ink has to beremoved (this is tough and the inks are usually toxic), the paper hasto be bleached to make it white again, and the paper fibers are Z

i,'i INNNN- -1€oar:

,fl. Wit+ar'gas,r""a..-r.iwlr ''b'(

shortened in the process of turning paperpaper again. The result is a lower qualitymore energ/ and chemicals. Ifmanufacturers want to keep the qualityof the paper high, they must add newmaterials to the recycled paper. Isn'tthat beside the point?

Problems with recycling don't stop atpaper, though. The high-quality steelfrom cars is recycled by melting downlarge portions of the car. This saves thesteel, but it also gets paint, plasticcoatings, copper and other metals intothe mix. Here, we end up with steel thatis no longer good enough to make cars,even after more high-quality steel isadded to the mix and the copper is lost. The aluminum in sodacans is another valuable resource that faces the same problems.Every time the metal is "recycled," workers must add newaluminum to the mix, in order to make the metal usable.

Keep in mind: lots of the time recycling is the best option available.It's probably better than throwing out all the soda cans you use.But it's important to realize it's not a perfect solution that will fix allof our problems.

Alternatives to Recycling:. Re-use things as much as possible. Buy things that are designed to be re-used in the first place, like

returnable milk bottles.

People are working on designing all kinds of things that are meantto be reused and recycled (not just downcycled)! Some scientistsare developing a plastic alternative to paper that is super-durableand can be turned into more "paper" of the same quality. Somemanufacturers are also working on making products that are easily

disassembled into single-material parts, so theseparts can be truly recycled, rather than meltingthem down all together. If that kind of thing excitesyou, you should definitely check out Cradle toCradle.

Sources:

' Cradle to Cradle by William McDonough & Michae I Braungart

The Gorbage Pituer by the League of Women Voters

Municipl Solid Waste Generation, Recgcling and Disposalin the United St/7tes: Fact and Ftgures for 2OO6.

Environmental Protect ion ABency

into the pulp that makespaper produced using

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I

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Waste by the Numbers --- - (uv€--o.)In 2006, each person in the U.S. produced 4.6 pounds of wd'ste every

day. That's 251.3 mill ion tons total. The graph below showsapproximately what hapPens toyour trash once it's picked up at thecurbside (from the EPA MunicipalSolid Waste report of 2006l.

Some trash is sent to incineratorsrather than landfills, where it isburned. Many of these incineratorsare set up to make use of the heatof burning trash to produceelectricity and are called "waste-to-energr" plants. The EPA does notreport how much trash isincinerated without enerry recovery.Instead. that is included in thelarge, solid black section of thegraph along with the trash that goesto the landfills.

This graph shows where our waste comes from, before any of it is

recycled, composted or incinerated. Non-durable goods are things

like paper and clothing that we keep for average of three years orless. Durable goods include things like machinery and furniture,which generally last longer than three years.

The Imperfections of RecyclingRecycling is basically a good thing. It saves ener5/ (recycling a tonof paper saves as much ener$/ as 185 gallons of gasoline couldproduce), saves trees, saves resources, saves money, and keepslandfills from getting too full. In 2006, almost 33o/o of the (non-

industrial) waste we generate was recovered either by recycling or

composting (not counting the composting you do in your backyard).That saved the energr 1O billion gallons of gasoline could produce.

Unfortunately, recycling isn't all rainbows and lollipops.

What we usually call "recycling," some people have started to call"downcycling." Have you ever noticed that 1OO% recycled paper isoften rougher and tears more easily? This is because paper is notdesigned to be recycled into exactly the same thing. Ink has to beremoved (this is tough and the inks are usually toxic), the paper hasto be bleached to make it white again, and the paper fibers are Z

i,'i INNNN- -1€oar:

,fl. Wit+ar'gas,r""a..-r.iwlr ''b'(

shortened in the process of turning paperpaper again. The result is a lower qualitymore energ/ and chemicals. Ifmanufacturers want to keep the qualityof the paper high, they must add newmaterials to the recycled paper. Isn'tthat beside the point?

Problems with recycling don't stop atpaper, though. The high-quality steelfrom cars is recycled by melting downlarge portions of the car. This saves thesteel, but it also gets paint, plasticcoatings, copper and other metals intothe mix. Here, we end up with steel thatis no longer good enough to make cars,even after more high-quality steel isadded to the mix and the copper is lost. The aluminum in sodacans is another valuable resource that faces the same problems.Every time the metal is "recycled," workers must add newaluminum to the mix, in order to make the metal usable.

Keep in mind: lots of the time recycling is the best option available.It's probably better than throwing out all the soda cans you use.But it's important to realize it's not a perfect solution that will fix allof our problems.

Alternatives to Recycling:. Re-use things as much as possible. Buy things that are designed to be re-used in the first place, like

returnable milk bottles.

People are working on designing all kinds of things that are meantto be reused and recycled (not just downcycled)! Some scientistsare developing a plastic alternative to paper that is super-durableand can be turned into more "paper" of the same quality. Somemanufacturers are also working on making products that are easily

disassembled into single-material parts, so theseparts can be truly recycled, rather than meltingthem down all together. If that kind of thing excitesyou, you should definitely check out Cradle toCradle.

Sources:

' Cradle to Cradle by William McDonough & Michae I Braungart

The Gorbage Pituer by the League of Women Voters

Municipl Solid Waste Generation, Recgcling and Disposalin the United St/7tes: Fact and Ftgures for 2OO6.

Environmental Protect ion ABency

into the pulp that makespaper produced using

1€

I

.=T4

IIIIl - -t5

I ,J

t :t . :

I :II

II

KIIIIIII

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ii::,:?:; ;:;*,'-: "'q"::.T1:ffi:':S 1 q';,;',':i';;:it::l*"""":".:i^'l*1'"':l$?:"^1ii,','l;?"r',""'""oppota.t_: t" t- , "" i " ,n using t1""-^ ' . t "-) o-"t*

i - i . ru"""a

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to } ive -a :,--- --4

* 'Don' t consume so much."You probably don' t need hal f of

i t anywaY."-Greg (of the Bouncing Souls ! )

, " f a"dua" waste brz , , - -*_,bass, ".. ;;;;; fY_f."nni',s presen

r;ijx"$ ;iiis :. iff:i j*i;;;i :..1 *i;if i, :n::r, "n

Packaged food"'

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-

3i::-I*F:::-:y:;, iT;".li';; ji"':tl^ti ::-J.: ".;::: : "d:: ffi #.:.itT;:,j"'ri#+: i:i ::T# i;s;;#f*ff : ;':ii#r :lii:j,';ffi :i*- ̂: " " :i' "' -'

.,) 'Eliminating bo'tt led water, saving unused :napkins for

ldt.er and finding future uses for certain things instead

of discarding them'"

box to school instead of wasting

paper bags'

-,Jordan"I often bring home cans

recycl ing bins are onl

ted in the cafeter ia.

-Jackie

How toL. l

L.)

LO

host a SWAP PARTY! !fnvi te 6 f r iends or moreHave everyone br ing a paper bag fu11 of c lothes,books, CDs, or art that they don' t want anymoreSit in a c i rc le wi th the bags in the middle ofthe c i rc le. On the count of three, everyoneraces to the middl-e and goes through the bags,taking what t.hey want. You can make up your ownrules about who gets to keep what if there areoasagreements.

fi Whatever is left.over at the end can be given toyour local thr i f t store!

Source:. Thrift Score bv A1 Hoff

Thinking outside the

We all know about thrift stores: you take them the stuff you don't want anymoreand the thrift stores sell it, usually cheaply. But since it is all stuff you're happy togive away, why should anyone pay for it? That's the thinking that has led to thecreation of places called "give-away shops," "free shops," "swap shops" or "freestores."

Give-away shops are usually set up like regular stores, but there is no exchangeof money. Anyone can take what they want, for free, no strings attached. Theslogan of many such stores is, "Take what you want, give what you can." Sincethey take no money, they are volunteer-run and make no profit. They rely ondonations to wash the clothing donations they receive and pay for rent.Since they are completely volunteer-operated, the hours give-away shopsoperate can vary from place to placg. Some are open daily and some have'freemarket" events on weekends in public parks.

There are lots of great things about give-away shops. They keep lots of usefulthings from going to the landfill or incinerator when we're done with them. Theylet other people make use of these things. They're free, so everyone can affordit! And you can find lots of cool things at give-away stores, just like at any tllriftstore.

Where are these places?The first Give-Away Shops were opened in the Netherlands and they arecurrently more popular in Europe than in the US. There are give-away shops inthe United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Germany. We've been able to findwebsites for Free Stores in Baltimore, Detroit and Reno. There's a Free Store inPortland, Oregon that is entirely lor teachers, where they can get school suppliesfor free. There are probably lots more around, but they're the sort of thing localpeople know about more than anyone else. Some are ongoing organizations,some are one-time events.

These are a few websites we found for free stores inthe US:http ://www. myspace. com/renof reestorehttp ://www.f reestoreba lti m ore. org/http ://www.f ree-detroit.org/http://www.schoolhousesu ppl ies.org/

slart one up!lf you're thinking about starting up a give-away shop things to think about are:where you'll store the goods, where you'll have the store (they can be the sameplace) and what sorts of goods you'll accept. Getting advice from the organizersof an existing give-away store is probably a good idea, too.

- funo-

8

" , ] rd saY the most cons- in ' - L-r . ,

-

3i::-I*F:::-:y:;, iT;".li';; ji"':tl^ti ::-J.: ".;::: : "d:: ffi #.:.itT;:,j"'ri#+: i:i ::T# i;s;;#f*ff : ;':ii#r :lii:j,';ffi :i*- ̂: " " :i' "' -'

.,) 'Eliminating bo'tt led water, saving unused :napkins for

ldt.er and finding future uses for certain things instead

of discarding them'"

box to school instead of wasting

paper bags'

-,Jordan"I often bring home cans

recycl ing bins are onl

ted in the cafeter ia.

-Jackie

How toL. l

L.)

LO

host a SWAP PARTY! !fnvi te 6 f r iends or moreHave everyone br ing a paper bag fu11 of c lothes,books, CDs, or art that they don' t want anymoreSit in a c i rc le wi th the bags in the middle ofthe c i rc le. On the count of three, everyoneraces to the middl-e and goes through the bags,taking what t.hey want. You can make up your ownrules about who gets to keep what if there areoasagreements.

fi Whatever is left.over at the end can be given toyour local thr i f t store!

Source:. Thrift Score bv A1 Hoff

Thinking outside the

We all know about thrift stores: you take them the stuff you don't want anymoreand the thrift stores sell it, usually cheaply. But since it is all stuff you're happy togive away, why should anyone pay for it? That's the thinking that has led to thecreation of places called "give-away shops," "free shops," "swap shops" or "freestores."

Give-away shops are usually set up like regular stores, but there is no exchangeof money. Anyone can take what they want, for free, no strings attached. Theslogan of many such stores is, "Take what you want, give what you can." Sincethey take no money, they are volunteer-run and make no profit. They rely ondonations to wash the clothing donations they receive and pay for rent.Since they are completely volunteer-operated, the hours give-away shopsoperate can vary from place to placg. Some are open daily and some have'freemarket" events on weekends in public parks.

There are lots of great things about give-away shops. They keep lots of usefulthings from going to the landfill or incinerator when we're done with them. Theylet other people make use of these things. They're free, so everyone can affordit! And you can find lots of cool things at give-away stores, just like at any tllriftstore.

Where are these places?The first Give-Away Shops were opened in the Netherlands and they arecurrently more popular in Europe than in the US. There are give-away shops inthe United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Germany. We've been able to findwebsites for Free Stores in Baltimore, Detroit and Reno. There's a Free Store inPortland, Oregon that is entirely lor teachers, where they can get school suppliesfor free. There are probably lots more around, but they're the sort of thing localpeople know about more than anyone else. Some are ongoing organizations,some are one-time events.

These are a few websites we found for free stores inthe US:http ://www. myspace. com/renof reestorehttp ://www.f reestoreba lti m ore. org/http ://www.f ree-detroit.org/http://www.schoolhousesu ppl ies.org/

slart one up!lf you're thinking about starting up a give-away shop things to think about are:where you'll store the goods, where you'll have the store (they can be the sameplace) and what sorts of goods you'll accept. Getting advice from the organizersof an existing give-away store is probably a good idea, too.

- funo-

8

?mqJ SffiT ql0'r#R U$fGHSPR: One thing we've started doing on this tour is, every time we getfood, our tour manager,John Cheese, never gets a bag. Like if you go to Taco Bell or something, he'll just take theburritos, and bring it to the table or back to the van. And I started doing it, and it's like, "Wow, Ididn't use 8 bags today." But the more people that do a little bit, the bigger difference it makes.

An Tventng with tstg D onf th"e J(trs Ta6[c DM: You know those little travel bags that they q!Ltryr.g-_t9 gtpeaple t0 ta

Big D and the Kids Table is a ska/punk band fronBosfon. Ihis pasf s unmer they won Warped Touf s Eco-lritiu1r:y l ""t

contest for being the most environmentally responsible bad. Thei pize was a free trip to Eafth Echo headquailers in KrtyWest, Florida with a couple of lucl<y fans. Lora and Pauline got to interview the band when they came through Ctevelantlon their Steady Riot tour this fall. They are pretty awesome.

Greenlight: How did you guys begin to educate yourselves about climate change?Dave Mcwane: well, first thing I did, like most people, was seeing an Inconvenient rruth. Istarted going on websites and doing a lot of on-line research. Then we started to work witheveryone on Warped Tour. That was just huge.

GL: ls that how you guys got involved with driving a biodiesel bus?sean P. Rogan: Yeah, they sent an e-mailout to all the tour managers before warped roursaying, "Hey, this costs a little more, but you don't have to go to gas stations to get fuel, we'll bringthe biodiesel fuel right to the Warped Tour every day. So only on days off would we need to go toa gas station. lt only cost a little more, but we were the only band that did it!

GL: That's crazy, especially considering the bigger bands on the tour.SPR: Yeah, they're gefting paid enough to afford stuff like this. But you know what? Things likethe Eco-lnitiative on the Warped Tour, offering a free trip to Key West for being the mostenvironmentally friendly band.... We were already doing this stuff and we ended up winning this Itrip. So maybe at least now that'll encourage other bands to start doing it, even if they can't see t

thaf they should be doing it on their own. lDM: Sometimes people just need a shaight-up incentive to start beginning to be proactive. t

GL: Do you stil l use biodiesel on the Steady Riot tour?SPR: No, our van right now is gasoline-powered. lt's a van we've had for four or five years now.The next vehicle we get will definitely be a diesel and we'll figure out what we can do for biodiesel.We know a couple of people that have done straight vegetable oil conversions. So if that would bepossible it would be insane because it would cost no money to go anywhere. You don't have topay for fuel. You can just arrange it with restaurants to pick up their grease. ...|f we couldsomehow transport ourselves to shows we wouldn't have to burn anything....

GL: Like teleportation?DM: Yeah, we're working on that. flaughs]GL: How else are you guys being sustainable on tour?DM: Well on the tour, we just try to recycle and inform people. We have Rainforest Action Networkpamphlets we've been bringing out and giving speeches, but other than that this tour has been alot of brainstorming. Everything we've done up till now has been things we've brainstormed. Theonstage banners, stuff like that. So what we've done now it just our first step. This tour has justbeen crazy brainstorming about the next steps.

GL: Cool, what are some of your ideas?DM: Well... some of them we can't talk about yet... flaughs]SPR: lt's basically stuff where we're using our music. We know how to play music and we're tryingto use that to make a difference.DM: lt's every aspect: it's the songwriting, it's the music, the videos we make, the videos weproject, the merchandise we're making... it's so many things.

qI

grocery store instead of usingplastic bags? We're thinkingabout making one of those.

GL: Have you convincedany other bands to startthinking about theseissues?DM: We've rubbed off onthem, but we don't sit bandsdown and say: 'Well, youknow guys..." That's actuallywhy The AKAs aren't on tour anymore... fiaughs]SPR: A couple of bands come up to us and say, "Wow, it's so cool that you guys are actuallytaking a stance on something and trying to make people more aware of what's going on,"because a lot of bands don't do that at all. lt doesn't really seem like they were about to go outand do it too, but ,'it's cool that you guys are doing it.' And it's like, come on guys, we should allbe on the same leam and we should all be working together. The more people you have talkingabout it, the betler it's going to be for everybody. lt should be a positive thing, it shouldn't be like'We're all going to die!' Nah, we want to do this right, let's treat everyone nicely and have a goodtime. lt only takes a liftle bit out of your day to try to waste less material, buy less mateiial,actively recycle... lt's such little steps, little forgetful stuff. Like when we leave the hotel roomyourfriend goes, "Don't forget to get all the lights." Once it's friend-on-friend then you go, "Oh,right right'and it's on your mind all the time. Then it's a standard practice.

GL: Do you have any role models that you look to for inspiration regarding sustainability?DM: Psh, Al Gore. I think he's so great. I mean, l'm completely sold. And the whole Earth Echoteam in the Florlda Keys is a new role model for us. People spending all of their time on the mostimportant thing... that's pretty kickass to say that's what you do. To say that you?e saving thewodd, that's a pretty sweet job title.

GL: Well, lthink you've answered all of my questions, so thanks so much.DM: You're welcome; it's exciting to be building on something. We build on writing better songs,we build on having better shows, and now we're working on building more consciousnesstogether. So it's a fun project. Besides, we get so bored in the van... 8 hours driving every day...it brings out a lot of good ideas.For nore info check out nyspace.com/bigdandthekidstable. And buy their nost recent album Steady Riot!

?mqJ SffiT ql0'r#R U$fGHSPR: One thing we've started doing on this tour is, every time we getfood, our tour manager,John Cheese, never gets a bag. Like if you go to Taco Bell or something, he'll just take theburritos, and bring it to the table or back to the van. And I started doing it, and it's like, "Wow, Ididn't use 8 bags today." But the more people that do a little bit, the bigger difference it makes.

An Tventng with tstg D onf th"e J(trs Ta6[c DM: You know those little travel bags that they q!Ltryr.g-_t9 gtpeaple t0 ta

Big D and the Kids Table is a ska/punk band fronBosfon. Ihis pasf s unmer they won Warped Touf s Eco-lritiu1r:y l ""t

contest for being the most environmentally responsible bad. Thei pize was a free trip to Eafth Echo headquailers in KrtyWest, Florida with a couple of lucl<y fans. Lora and Pauline got to interview the band when they came through Ctevelantlon their Steady Riot tour this fall. They are pretty awesome.

Greenlight: How did you guys begin to educate yourselves about climate change?Dave Mcwane: well, first thing I did, like most people, was seeing an Inconvenient rruth. Istarted going on websites and doing a lot of on-line research. Then we started to work witheveryone on Warped Tour. That was just huge.

GL: ls that how you guys got involved with driving a biodiesel bus?sean P. Rogan: Yeah, they sent an e-mailout to all the tour managers before warped roursaying, "Hey, this costs a little more, but you don't have to go to gas stations to get fuel, we'll bringthe biodiesel fuel right to the Warped Tour every day. So only on days off would we need to go toa gas station. lt only cost a little more, but we were the only band that did it!

GL: That's crazy, especially considering the bigger bands on the tour.SPR: Yeah, they're gefting paid enough to afford stuff like this. But you know what? Things likethe Eco-lnitiative on the Warped Tour, offering a free trip to Key West for being the mostenvironmentally friendly band.... We were already doing this stuff and we ended up winning this Itrip. So maybe at least now that'll encourage other bands to start doing it, even if they can't see t

thaf they should be doing it on their own. lDM: Sometimes people just need a shaight-up incentive to start beginning to be proactive. t

GL: Do you stil l use biodiesel on the Steady Riot tour?SPR: No, our van right now is gasoline-powered. lt's a van we've had for four or five years now.The next vehicle we get will definitely be a diesel and we'll figure out what we can do for biodiesel.We know a couple of people that have done straight vegetable oil conversions. So if that would bepossible it would be insane because it would cost no money to go anywhere. You don't have topay for fuel. You can just arrange it with restaurants to pick up their grease. ...|f we couldsomehow transport ourselves to shows we wouldn't have to burn anything....

GL: Like teleportation?DM: Yeah, we're working on that. flaughs]GL: How else are you guys being sustainable on tour?DM: Well on the tour, we just try to recycle and inform people. We have Rainforest Action Networkpamphlets we've been bringing out and giving speeches, but other than that this tour has been alot of brainstorming. Everything we've done up till now has been things we've brainstormed. Theonstage banners, stuff like that. So what we've done now it just our first step. This tour has justbeen crazy brainstorming about the next steps.

GL: Cool, what are some of your ideas?DM: Well... some of them we can't talk about yet... flaughs]SPR: lt's basically stuff where we're using our music. We know how to play music and we're tryingto use that to make a difference.DM: lt's every aspect: it's the songwriting, it's the music, the videos we make, the videos weproject, the merchandise we're making... it's so many things.

qI

grocery store instead of usingplastic bags? We're thinkingabout making one of those.

GL: Have you convincedany other bands to startthinking about theseissues?DM: We've rubbed off onthem, but we don't sit bandsdown and say: 'Well, youknow guys..." That's actuallywhy The AKAs aren't on tour anymore... fiaughs]SPR: A couple of bands come up to us and say, "Wow, it's so cool that you guys are actuallytaking a stance on something and trying to make people more aware of what's going on,"because a lot of bands don't do that at all. lt doesn't really seem like they were about to go outand do it too, but ,'it's cool that you guys are doing it.' And it's like, come on guys, we should allbe on the same leam and we should all be working together. The more people you have talkingabout it, the betler it's going to be for everybody. lt should be a positive thing, it shouldn't be like'We're all going to die!' Nah, we want to do this right, let's treat everyone nicely and have a goodtime. lt only takes a liftle bit out of your day to try to waste less material, buy less mateiial,actively recycle... lt's such little steps, little forgetful stuff. Like when we leave the hotel roomyourfriend goes, "Don't forget to get all the lights." Once it's friend-on-friend then you go, "Oh,right right'and it's on your mind all the time. Then it's a standard practice.

GL: Do you have any role models that you look to for inspiration regarding sustainability?DM: Psh, Al Gore. I think he's so great. I mean, l'm completely sold. And the whole Earth Echoteam in the Florlda Keys is a new role model for us. People spending all of their time on the mostimportant thing... that's pretty kickass to say that's what you do. To say that you?e saving thewodd, that's a pretty sweet job title.

GL: Well, lthink you've answered all of my questions, so thanks so much.DM: You're welcome; it's exciting to be building on something. We build on writing better songs,we build on having better shows, and now we're working on building more consciousnesstogether. So it's a fun project. Besides, we get so bored in the van... 8 hours driving every day...it brings out a lot of good ideas.For nore info check out nyspace.com/bigdandthekidstable. And buy their nost recent album Steady Riot!

th. u)onder$^l coocld daLoMPo$T-rmma

What is compost? Basically, it's decomposed material (mostly from plants) that'sreally good fertilizer. It cuts down on the amount of garbage you put out at thecurb and it means you don't have to buy fertilizer for your garden or flower bed.And the best thing is, it's pretty easy and fun to play in the dirt. There are manycomposting techniques out there. This is one of the easiest.

The most important thing is to get a mix of green thingslike veggie trimmings and grass (high in nitrogen) andbrown things like dead leaves (high in carbon). This iseasiest in the fall when there are plenty of leaves to add toyour pile, but it can work other times of the year, too.

^$-a.o

"This pictue was taken in Meigs County, Ohio wheresomething like eight coal ffued power plants have beenproposed and permitted in the same area. The plants wouldprovide power to a huge portion of the east coast, but all ofthe people who live in Meigs County are getting sick from thepollution in their parks, schools, homes and even water.That's also one of the sites where they are planning to pump

the pressutized carbon dioxide emissions into the gtound...something that sounds a litde questionable to me."

Find a place for your pile: This spot should be level, sunny most of the day andwhere it won't get in the way. Remove the sod or ground-cover from this area toallow your compost direct contact with the soil. This is where it gets the micro-organisms that break down waste into compost.

Start building: Spread a layer of leaves, twigs and wood chips where your pile

will be to help keep the pile well drained.It's easiest to start out with a decent-sized pib of leaves. Then, every week, addthe food waste you've collected. Dig into the middle of the pile and bury it. Thishelps with breaking it down and with hiding it from pests.

Add to the pile regularly. The more stuff like dead leaves there is in your pile, thefaster it will break down. About half and half is a good mixture to aim for. Don'tworry about it being to exact though.

Optional steps to help your compost along:Turn (aerate) the pile: in cool weather, once every two weeks is plenty. Inwarm weather, turning every 1-2 weeks is ideal. Use a shovel or a pitch fork to mixIt up and get a work out. Be sure to re-bury any new food waste you turned up.You don't haveto tum it regularly, but a lonely pile can take up to a year to finishcomposting!

Water the pile: If your pile is dry, give it some water each time you add to theplle. Water it evenly. It's best when the compost feels like a damp sponge. Itshouldn't be dripping, just moist.

Don't let it get bigger than 4 or 5 feet high; any bigger would be hard to manage.Once you've stopped adding to one, you can start another pile and keepcomposting. Don't forget about the old one, though! Keep watering and turning it.

-Anna S.

\r IL

th. u)onder$^l coocld daLoMPo$T-rmma

What is compost? Basically, it's decomposed material (mostly from plants) that'sreally good fertilizer. It cuts down on the amount of garbage you put out at thecurb and it means you don't have to buy fertilizer for your garden or flower bed.And the best thing is, it's pretty easy and fun to play in the dirt. There are manycomposting techniques out there. This is one of the easiest.

The most important thing is to get a mix of green thingslike veggie trimmings and grass (high in nitrogen) andbrown things like dead leaves (high in carbon). This iseasiest in the fall when there are plenty of leaves to add toyour pile, but it can work other times of the year, too.

^$-a.o

"This pictue was taken in Meigs County, Ohio wheresomething like eight coal ffued power plants have beenproposed and permitted in the same area. The plants wouldprovide power to a huge portion of the east coast, but all ofthe people who live in Meigs County are getting sick from thepollution in their parks, schools, homes and even water.That's also one of the sites where they are planning to pump

the pressutized carbon dioxide emissions into the gtound...something that sounds a litde questionable to me."

Find a place for your pile: This spot should be level, sunny most of the day andwhere it won't get in the way. Remove the sod or ground-cover from this area toallow your compost direct contact with the soil. This is where it gets the micro-organisms that break down waste into compost.

Start building: Spread a layer of leaves, twigs and wood chips where your pile

will be to help keep the pile well drained.It's easiest to start out with a decent-sized pib of leaves. Then, every week, addthe food waste you've collected. Dig into the middle of the pile and bury it. Thishelps with breaking it down and with hiding it from pests.

Add to the pile regularly. The more stuff like dead leaves there is in your pile, thefaster it will break down. About half and half is a good mixture to aim for. Don'tworry about it being to exact though.

Optional steps to help your compost along:Turn (aerate) the pile: in cool weather, once every two weeks is plenty. Inwarm weather, turning every 1-2 weeks is ideal. Use a shovel or a pitch fork to mixIt up and get a work out. Be sure to re-bury any new food waste you turned up.You don't haveto tum it regularly, but a lonely pile can take up to a year to finishcomposting!

Water the pile: If your pile is dry, give it some water each time you add to theplle. Water it evenly. It's best when the compost feels like a damp sponge. Itshouldn't be dripping, just moist.

Don't let it get bigger than 4 or 5 feet high; any bigger would be hard to manage.Once you've stopped adding to one, you can start another pile and keepcomposting. Don't forget about the old one, though! Keep watering and turning it.

-Anna S.

\r IL

Most compost is ready for use 3-6 months after. Good compost is dark brown toblac( crumbly and moist. When the entire pile is like this, use it on flower beds,gardens, potted plants or as mulch.

Find a container with a tight-fitting lid, like a washed-out ice creambucket or small garbage can to collect compostable household wastes.

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(<l

fi(c

C-t t, cortlPoct

a

a

a

a

a

a

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Coffee grounds and filtersHouseplants, flowersFruit and veggie scrapsFireplace ashes (not lots)Bread scrapsEggshellsLeaves, grass clippings andyard trimmingsDryer and vacuum cleaner lintHail.lfurSawdust, woodchips, haY &

- strawTea leaves & bagsCotton and wool ragsCardboard rolls (like from toiletpaper)Paper (w/o ink, shredded uP)Manure

rJesBlack walnut leaves/twigs,ashes from coal or charcoal:their chemicals can be harmfulto other plantsDairy meat and fish scraps,fats, grease and oil: thesesmell and attract pestsYard waste with pesticides:chemicals could kill goodcomposting organismsDiseased/infested plants :diseases could survive andinfect other plantsPet waste: could haveparasites, bacteria and othergermsWeeds: they can sprout againlWood in large pieces: wontbreak down for a looong time

a

a

ft" kfl CorvPosT fDFAs:Buy or build a compost bin. You use the same technique, but this keeps yourcompost more contained. You can buy tumblers, too, which make tuming thecompost easier.

Vermicomposting! For this, you need'a box (about 2\2'x2),bedding for the worms (shredded newspaper, peat moss, partlydecomposed leaves) and worms (red wrigglers, noteafthworms). 1 or 2 pounds (of worms!) is enough to start offwith. Feed them bread, fruits and veggies (no citrus peels!),coffee grounds, tea leaves, and plant material. Their castingsare excellent fertilizer. Feed one end of the box for a while, allthe worms will migrate to that end, and you just scoop out thecompost from the other.

q'By Jackie

tv t+

Most compost is ready for use 3-6 months after. Good compost is dark brown toblac( crumbly and moist. When the entire pile is like this, use it on flower beds,gardens, potted plants or as mulch.

Find a container with a tight-fitting lid, like a washed-out ice creambucket or small garbage can to collect compostable household wastes.

?

a

a

;I

(<l

fi(c

C-t t, cortlPoct

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

v-^ II t . ) .'.7

Coffee grounds and filtersHouseplants, flowersFruit and veggie scrapsFireplace ashes (not lots)Bread scrapsEggshellsLeaves, grass clippings andyard trimmingsDryer and vacuum cleaner lintHail.lfurSawdust, woodchips, haY &

- strawTea leaves & bagsCotton and wool ragsCardboard rolls (like from toiletpaper)Paper (w/o ink, shredded uP)Manure

rJesBlack walnut leaves/twigs,ashes from coal or charcoal:their chemicals can be harmfulto other plantsDairy meat and fish scraps,fats, grease and oil: thesesmell and attract pestsYard waste with pesticides:chemicals could kill goodcomposting organismsDiseased/infested plants :diseases could survive andinfect other plantsPet waste: could haveparasites, bacteria and othergermsWeeds: they can sprout againlWood in large pieces: wontbreak down for a looong time

a

a

ft" kfl CorvPosT fDFAs:Buy or build a compost bin. You use the same technique, but this keeps yourcompost more contained. You can buy tumblers, too, which make tuming thecompost easier.

Vermicomposting! For this, you need'a box (about 2\2'x2),bedding for the worms (shredded newspaper, peat moss, partlydecomposed leaves) and worms (red wrigglers, noteafthworms). 1 or 2 pounds (of worms!) is enough to start offwith. Feed them bread, fruits and veggies (no citrus peels!),coffee grounds, tea leaves, and plant material. Their castingsare excellent fertilizer. Feed one end of the box for a while, allthe worms will migrate to that end, and you just scoop out thecompost from the other.

q'By Jackie

tv t+

A New Generation ofEnvironmentalists

By Jodan C.In the time it takes you to read this article, two people will have died as a direct resultof global warmlng. But this is not an article about the environment. This is not aboutpreserving "the beautyofnature". This is not an article about savingthe world. Thisis about common sense. This is about the future ofour children, and our children'schildren. This is about being real, and being aware of what,s Toing on around you.Humanity's at stake.

A lot of people have a skewed vision of whdt most environmentalists' goals are. Formo personally, it has nothlng to do with liking the color 6lreen, having a fascinationwith hugging trees, or any other stereotype that usually goes along with the termenvlronment&list. For mo, and a lot of people I know that are involved in helping theenvlronment, lt lsn't so much about savlng the environment as it is about savingourselves. Global warming is God's holocaust on humanity, and the tenible part is,we're the main contributors.

Statistics from the World Health 0rganization show that ifit is not halted in the nearfuture, global warning will double it's victims in 25 years, to 800,000 people per year.It is also predicted that in the near fuiure, the. southern half of Florida will be flooded,as the sea levels rise, causing millions people to flea their homes and relocatesomewhere in another state. "Why should I care?" you may ask, but even if you live in0hid that doesn't mean you'r€ safe from the wrath of global warming: extreme weatherconditions and a thirst for human blood.

The spread of lnfectious dlseases is another maJor concern among scientists and $obalwarming experts. several studles su€lgest that climate change due to gobal warmingwill expand the geographlc range of mosquito-transmitted diseases such as malaria,yellow fever, and severe/fatal encephalitis and hemorrhagc fever. It has also beenproven that climate change heats up bodies of water, causing or contributing to moresevere weather conditions and storms, such as Hurricane Katrina. Global warming isdevastating to humanity, and ifit is not stopped, it will one day be the death ofus all.

Luckily for us, we're hqmans, and have the ability to realize when something is wrongand try to lix it. In the case of global warming there are many things we can do in ourevery day lives to stunt the glowth of this killing machine. since most people know ofthe more common ways to be human (and environnentally) safe (such as recycling,and turning off the lights when you leave the room), I figured I,d just list a few ways tohelp slow global warmin6! that are not so commonly acknowledged.

1.) One way is to reduce the electricity you use in your home, at school, at work, orwherever you may be. You can do this by unpluggng things after you're done withthem, buying florescent light bulbs, and even doing simple tNngs like charging your i-pod in your computer when you're using your computer anyways!

2.) Some ways to reduce waste, are to use a trash compactor, re use things like shoeboxes, newspaper (as wrapping paper, etc.), and recycling as much as possible.

l (IJ

,/

:

fr

6.) 0ther ways to help siop global warmlng are not supportin$ companies that are bad

to the environment, and therofore, bad to humans. Companies like Coca-Cola' GE' GAP'

and Apple all fall under that category. Do your research!

Global warming is bad for humanity, and il we don't take action to slow it down, it will

severely hurt today's youth, and tomorrow's children. Two people have just died due to

$obal warming. Are you next? tet's stop this thing before it stops us. Take action'

now!

EDIY: FroYlr lLa,gr toIRu.g

Your favotite jeans have too many holes to patch and yout little btother

has outgtown a mountain of -I'-shirts. So make a rugl

Youtll need:. R"gs- mine ate just denim, but you can use

any cloth you want. Scissors, safety pins. Stong needle and thtcad (upholstery thread

wotks great). Thimble (optional, but very hclpful if you'rc

using heawy cloth))Ii

I

:':rt

;-P4

d,

il

First, cut dl the hems, pockets, collars and scams off,

Cut the cloth into sttips 2-3 inches widc. 't'hc lonqcr thcstrips, the bettet. Fofheavier cloth, like denim, cutnariower sttips, for lightet cloth, cut wider strips. (Don'tworry - ragged edges vdll disappear.)

Braiding:

Pick three pieces to statt with and fasten the ends togethetudth a safeiy pin ot two and stat braiding. Tuck the cutedses irisidd dhe braid. so they won't show. Also, try keepthibraia the same v/idth andthickness as you go. This ^

will make youf fug mote even.

When you get to the end of one sftip in you braid, sew anew orie to-the old one and keep soins.

'They don't even

have to be the same color or sizellustle sur6 to tuck theends on the inside.

I O

A New Generation ofEnvironmentalists

By Jodan C.In the time it takes you to read this article, two people will have died as a direct resultof global warmlng. But this is not an article about the environment. This is not aboutpreserving "the beautyofnature". This is not an article about savingthe world. Thisis about common sense. This is about the future ofour children, and our children'schildren. This is about being real, and being aware of what,s Toing on around you.Humanity's at stake.

A lot of people have a skewed vision of whdt most environmentalists' goals are. Formo personally, it has nothlng to do with liking the color 6lreen, having a fascinationwith hugging trees, or any other stereotype that usually goes along with the termenvlronment&list. For mo, and a lot of people I know that are involved in helping theenvlronment, lt lsn't so much about savlng the environment as it is about savingourselves. Global warming is God's holocaust on humanity, and the tenible part is,we're the main contributors.

Statistics from the World Health 0rganization show that ifit is not halted in the nearfuture, global warning will double it's victims in 25 years, to 800,000 people per year.It is also predicted that in the near fuiure, the. southern half of Florida will be flooded,as the sea levels rise, causing millions people to flea their homes and relocatesomewhere in another state. "Why should I care?" you may ask, but even if you live in0hid that doesn't mean you'r€ safe from the wrath of global warming: extreme weatherconditions and a thirst for human blood.

The spread of lnfectious dlseases is another maJor concern among scientists and $obalwarming experts. several studles su€lgest that climate change due to gobal warmingwill expand the geographlc range of mosquito-transmitted diseases such as malaria,yellow fever, and severe/fatal encephalitis and hemorrhagc fever. It has also beenproven that climate change heats up bodies of water, causing or contributing to moresevere weather conditions and storms, such as Hurricane Katrina. Global warming isdevastating to humanity, and ifit is not stopped, it will one day be the death ofus all.

Luckily for us, we're hqmans, and have the ability to realize when something is wrongand try to lix it. In the case of global warming there are many things we can do in ourevery day lives to stunt the glowth of this killing machine. since most people know ofthe more common ways to be human (and environnentally) safe (such as recycling,and turning off the lights when you leave the room), I figured I,d just list a few ways tohelp slow global warmin6! that are not so commonly acknowledged.

1.) One way is to reduce the electricity you use in your home, at school, at work, orwherever you may be. You can do this by unpluggng things after you're done withthem, buying florescent light bulbs, and even doing simple tNngs like charging your i-pod in your computer when you're using your computer anyways!

2.) Some ways to reduce waste, are to use a trash compactor, re use things like shoeboxes, newspaper (as wrapping paper, etc.), and recycling as much as possible.

l (IJ

,/

:

fr

6.) 0ther ways to help siop global warmlng are not supportin$ companies that are bad

to the environment, and therofore, bad to humans. Companies like Coca-Cola' GE' GAP'

and Apple all fall under that category. Do your research!

Global warming is bad for humanity, and il we don't take action to slow it down, it will

severely hurt today's youth, and tomorrow's children. Two people have just died due to

$obal warming. Are you next? tet's stop this thing before it stops us. Take action'

now!

EDIY: FroYlr lLa,gr toIRu.g

Your favotite jeans have too many holes to patch and yout little btother

has outgtown a mountain of -I'-shirts. So make a rugl

Youtll need:. R"gs- mine ate just denim, but you can use

any cloth you want. Scissors, safety pins. Stong needle and thtcad (upholstery thread

wotks great). Thimble (optional, but very hclpful if you'rc

using heawy cloth))Ii

I

:':rt

;-P4

d,

il

First, cut dl the hems, pockets, collars and scams off,

Cut the cloth into sttips 2-3 inches widc. 't'hc lonqcr thcstrips, the bettet. Fofheavier cloth, like denim, cutnariower sttips, for lightet cloth, cut wider strips. (Don'tworry - ragged edges vdll disappear.)

Braiding:

Pick three pieces to statt with and fasten the ends togethetudth a safeiy pin ot two and stat braiding. Tuck the cutedses irisidd dhe braid. so they won't show. Also, try keepthibraia the same v/idth andthickness as you go. This ^

will make youf fug mote even.

When you get to the end of one sftip in you braid, sew anew orie to-the old one and keep soins.

'They don't even

have to be the same color or sizellustle sur6 to tuck theends on the inside.

I O

Wlen lo-u gret to t_h,. end of one strip in your braid, sew a new oneto the old one and keep going. Thdy ddn't even have to nL tiresame color or sizelJust be sure to tuck the ends on the inside.When all the rags are braided up, it 's time to start sewinq.

It

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Wlen lo-u gret to t_h,. end of one strip in your braid, sew a new oneto the old one and keep going. Thdy ddn't even have to nL tiresame color or sizelJust be sure to tuck the ends on the inside.When all the rags are braided up, it 's time to start sewinq.

It

r(' :.3

:l{

lt:*!i::-i-:::i.rr:,

in'thd.", :: thA'?" :,,.stitctr ,,1I's.'S;l,i

FrlJ Frr Thru:ht

wrrlJ will hrtevrlve frst its currehtstrte rF crisis L1 usinSthe srme thinKin3 thetcrerteJ thesiluetim

- ArggrTE, o,StElt'l

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,o,lfiff:,x':fff,1,l8