Semi-automatic Green ICT Ontology Construction from CSR Report

by

Banatus Soiraya

Agenda

o Introduction & Motivationo Identification of Domain Structureo Ontology of Green ICT Domaino Results & Discussiono Conclusion

Effects of global warming

•Ecological and social changes

•The rise in global temperatures

Introduction

Warmer waters and more hurricanes Loss of biodiversity and animal extinction

Source : Wikipedia

Source : http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/sciencetech/5-deadliest-effects-of-global-warming/276?image=17

Tsunamis

Introduction

• In fact, ICT industry accounts for 2 percent of Global CO2 Emissions equivalent to aviation industry. source : Gartner 2007

• For mitigating the issues, Going Green has become increasingly topic for enterprise companies in this decade.

• One of tools for going green is Green ICT.

Green ICT Definition

• Green IT definition : refers to environmentally sustainable computing or IT. source : wiki

• Green IT definition: Environment aspects and IT product and features. Source: TCO Certified

Green IT Framework

• Consists of 4 pillars and 5 rows. Source: Connection

Research

Green IT Scheme

• Studied CSR reports for content analysis and illustrating the relation among the entities. Source: Yulia et. al

Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR)

“Companies perform business activities whereas they sustain the environment for future populations.”Source : wiki

•Corporate Regulation Business Model•Enterprise Companies have to do CSR reports besides annual reports.

Ontology

• Ontology represents an important knowledge of specific domains and relationship.

Mobile Ontology source: Yu Zheng et. al

Motivation

• Many general terms of Green ICT.

• Not much appropriate forms or models of Green ICT

• Discover Green ICT knowledge from CSR report

• Aim to formalize GreenICT Ontology

Identification of Domain Structure (I)

Three steps

1. Collecting 45 CSR reports (.pdf) from websites as ranked by annual report 2007-2011 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_largest_technology_companies

2. Transforming .pdf to text by using : A-PDF Text Extractor and sobolsoft.com for removing line space

CSR Report

Pre-Processing

K-Mean

Weighting Terms

Filtering Terms

OntolgyDisplay

OntoGen

Identification of Domain Structure (II)

3. OntoGen: is a tool for:– N-Gram length– N-Gram Frequency– Stop word removing– Stemming – k Mean Clustering– Ontology Visualization

3. OntoGen: is a tool for:– k Means Clustering

Source: Ke Chen, The university of Manchester

Identification of Domain Structure (III)

Ontology of Green ICT Domain (I)

• Assigned 4 suggestions in OntoGen (4 number of cluster k)

• Four Categories are general terms when compare with corporate-social-responsibility-metrics.

Green ICT ontology with 4 Categories

Ontology of Green ICT Domain (II)

• Adding 4 suggestions in each category for constructing sub-categories.

• Sub-categories have more relation with corporate-social-responsibility-metrics.

1

23

4

1st Level 2nd Level

Green ICT ontology with 4 Categories and sub- Categories

Ontology of Green ICT Domain (III)

Green ICT ontology with 8 Categories

• Assigned 8 suggestions in OntoGen (8 number of cluster k)

• 8 Categories are general terms when compare with corporate-social-responsibility-metrics.

Ontology of Green ICT Domain (IV)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1st Level 2nd Level

Green ICT ontology with 8 Categories and sub- Categories

• Adding 4 suggestions in each category for constructing sub-categories.

• Sub-categories have more relation with corporate-social-responsibility-metrics.

• Note: Display only sub-categories that are different with main categories.

Results and Discussion (I)

Considering corporate-social-responsibility-metrics by Fujitsu and necessary metrics.

1.Employee health, safety and well being

2.Environmental (Co2 emission)

3.Energy

4.Travel

5.Community

6.Waste and Recycling

Results and Discussion (II)

• G1 stands for Green ICT Framework

• G2 stands for Green IT scheme

• G3 stands for Green ICT ontology with 4 categories

• G3-sub stands for Green ICT ontology with 4 categories and sub-categories

• G4 stands for Green ICT ontology with 8 categories

• G4-sub stands for Green ICT ontology with 8 categories and sub-categories

• G1 covers 6 criteria • G2 covers 5 criteria • G4-sub covers 5 criteria

Compare table of each model

Conclusion

• Sub-Categories will improve the efficiency of Green ICT Ontology.

• Green ICT ontology : 8 categories with sub categories will cover 5 criteria. It’s equal to Green IT scheme.

• Clustering techniques cannot identify the meaning of Green ICT or Grouping the same meaning Green ICT.

Future works

Focused AreasSemantic Clustering (Green ICT terms) Improving the accuracy of Green ICT Ontology

Techniques ConsiderationText miningNatural Language Processing

References

1. A Green ICT Framework Understanding and Measuring Green ICT , A Green Paper by Connection Research , April 2010.

2. Corporate Social Responsibility Metrics by Fujitsu, 2009.

3. Green IT – towards sustainability and a reduced carbon footprint. TCO Certified – White Paper, pp. 1-7.

4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_social_responsibility.

5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_IT.

6. Blaz Fortuna, Marko Grobelnik and Dunja Mladenic, OntoGen: Semi-automatic Ontology Editor, pp. 309-318, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.

7. Ronen Feldman, James Sanger, The Text Mining Handbook: Advanced Approaches in Analyzing Unstructured Data, CAMBRIDGE University Press, 2007.

8. Waralak V. Siricharoen and Thitima Puttitanun, Creating Ontology Chart Using Economy Domain Ontology Journal of Digital Content Technology and its Applications, 2009.

9. Yulia Wati and Chulmo Koo, The Green IT Practices of Nokia, Samsung, Sony and Sony Ericsson: Content Analysis Approach Proceedings of the 43 rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2010.

10. Yu Zheng; Wenxiang Dou, Gengfeng Wu and Xin Li, Automated Chinese Domain Ontology Construction from Text Documents, pp. 639-648 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.