2009 AND 2013 EMISSIONS

GREENHOUSE GAS (GHG)

EMISSIONS AND REDUCTION

GHG EMISSIONS AND REDUCTION TARGETS

In 2009, Pasadena’s community-wide GHG emissions (including municipal emissions) totaled 2,044,921 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MT CO2e). The 2009 inventory serves as the baseline from which Pasadena’s progress is measured. An update to the 2009 inventory was completed for the year 2013 as part of the General Plan EIR. In 2013, Pasadena’s emissions totaled 1,857,280 MT CO2e. The 2013 inventory provides a more accurate picture of current emissions levels and demonstrates Pasadena’s progress over time.

Forecasts allow cities to understand how GHG emissions will change in the future and provide a way to estimate local GHG emissions relative to long-term State targets. To illustrate potential emissions growth from the baseline year, Pasadena’s GHG emissions have been forecast for the years 2020, 2035, and 2050. Business-as-usual Forecast: Provides an estimate of how GHG emissions would change in the years 2020, 2035 and 2050 if consumption trends and efficiencies continue as they did in 2009, absent any new regulations that would reduce local emissions.

Adjusted Forecast: Since 2013, a number of federal and State regulations have been enacted that would reduce Pasadena’s GHG emissions in 2020, 2035, and 2050. The impact of these regulations was quantified and incorporated into an adjusted forecast to provide a more accurate picture of future emissions growth and the responsibility of the City and community once State regulations to reduce GHG emissions have been implemented.

BUSINESS-AS-USUAL AND ADJUSTED FORECASTS

EO S-3-05: 347,637

SB 32: 858,867

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

2009 2013 2020 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

GH

G E

mis

sio

ns

(MT

CO

2e

)

Year

Draft Climate Action Plan

State Targets

Business-as-UsualForecast

Adjusted Forecast

AB 32: 1,738,183

2020 GHG REDUCTION TARGET & GOAL

GREENHOUSE GAS (GHG)

REDUCTION TARGETS AND GOALS

2035 GHG REDUCTION TARGET & GOAL

Pasadena has established greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction goals that exceed the State’s established targets. Pasadena will look to maintain a leadership role in sustainability and will continue to strive to exceed State targets in the years 2020, 2030, 2035 and 2050. Specifically, the Pasadena Climate Action Plan establishes local goals consistent with the State’s GHG reduction targets outlined in Assembly Bill (AB) 32, Senate Bill (SB) 32, and Executive Order (EO) S-3-05 and identifies a comprehensive set of measures to reach the goals.

Existing Local & State Measures

2020 CAP Measures

Existing Local & State Measures

Transportation 39%

Energy 59%

Water 2%

Waste <1%

Urban Greening <1%

2035 CAP Measures Transportation

55%

Energy 43%

Water 1%

Waste 1%

Urban Greening <1%

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

Pasadena's Emissions

Met

ric

Ton

s C

O2e

State Target

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

Pasadena's Emissions

Met

ric

Ton

s C

O2e

State Target

City’s Goal

City’s Goal

Continue to expand the city’s bicycle and pedestrian network

Maintain ongoing efforts to improve bicycle and pedestrian safety

Continue to encourage bicycle and pedestrian travel through outreach and education

Continue to enhance safe, reliable, and seamless transit service

Expand the availability and use of alternative fuel vehicles and fueling infrastructure

Decrease annual commuter miles traveled by single occupancy vehicles

These measures focus on the reduction of GHG emissions from transportation fuel consumption by reducing vehicle miles travelled (VMT) and improving traffic flow. This involves managing transportation demand through a reduction in automobile dependence through facilitating smart growth development patterns, promoting walking, bicycling, and use of public transit as viable travel options. This sector also includes measures to reduce GHG emissions associated with off-road vehicles and equipment.

DRAFT CAP MEASURES

POTENTIAL GHG REDUCTION FROM CAP MEASURES

PUBLIC COMMENTS FROM PREVIOUS MEETING

T 3

COMMENTS CAP MEASURE NUMBERS

Establish more bike lanes, racks, and bike-share stations; improve bike safety T 1, T 2

Support complete streets and commute safety T 1, T 2, T 4

Increase community outreach and education T 3, T 4, T 5, T 6

Encourage efficient public transportation T 4

Install EV charging stations T 6

MOBILITY AND LAND USE

T 2 T 1

T 6

T 5 T 4

Implement improvements to smooth traffic flow, reduce idling, eliminate bottlenecks, and encourage efficient driving techniques

Facilitate high density, mixed-use, transit-oriented and infill development

Reduce emissions from heavy-duty construction equipment and vehicles

Reduce emissions from lawn and garden equipment

T 9 T 8 T 7 T 10

2009 (Baseline) 2020 2035

1,054,901 MT CO2e 70,955 MT CO2e

(7% reduction)

248,486 MT CO2e

(24% reduction)

MOBILITY AND LAND USE

Draft Measures & Implementation Actions Performance Objectives

GHG Reduction

Potential

(MT CO2e)

2020 2035 2020 2035

T1 Continue to expand the city’s bicycle and pedestrian network

Bicycle Transportation

Action Plan

Track Progress

Pedestrian Plan

Bike Share Program

Network Improvement

and Expansion

Bike Friendly

Development

End-of-Trip Facilities

Install 3 new miles of

bike lanes, purchase

a total of 400 bike

share bikes, install a

total of 1 bike share

station per square

mile

Install 18 new miles

of bike lanes,

purchase a total of

800 bike share bikes,

install a total of 3

bike share stations

per square mile

196

523

T2 Maintain ongoing efforts to improve bicycle and pedestrian safety

Safety Improvements

Safe Routes to Schools

Bike Racks

Traffic Calming

Safety and Road Sharing

Campaign

Improve bicycle and pedestrian safety Supportive

(quantified under T 1)

T3 Continue to encourage bicycle and pedestrian travel through outreach and education

“Open-street” Events

Traffic Training Courses

Bicycle and Pedestrian

Network Map

Increase outreach and education Supportive

(quantified under T 1)

T4 Continue to enhance safe, reliable, and seamless transit service

Seamless Transit

Implement and Update

Short Range Transit Plan

Outreach Activities

Transportation Surveys

Achieve 10% transit

mode share

Achieve 20% transit

mode share

32,414

84,828

T5 Decrease annual commuter miles traveled by single occupancy vehicles

Trip Reduction

Ordinance

Car Sharing

Trip Reduction Toolkit

Achieve 10%

carpooling mode

share

Achieve 15%

carpooling mode

share

5,502 22,163

T6 Expand the availability and use of alternative fuel vehicles and fueling infrastructure

Charging Station

Inventory

EV Chargers

Update Zoning Code

Advertise Stations

Achieve 5%

electrical vehicle

mode share

Achieve 25%

electrical vehicle

mode share

32,842 140,973

T7 Implement improvements to smooth traffic flow, reduce idling, eliminate bottlenecks, and encourage efficient

driving techniques

Intelligent Transportation

Systems

Eco-Driving Practices

Signal Synchronization

Integrated Corridor

Management

Traffic Mitigation

Improvements

Reduce vehicle idling

Supportive (does not

result in significant GHG

emissions reductions)

T8 Facilitate high density, mixed-use, transit-oriented and infill development

Regional Transportation

Plan/Sustainable

Communities Strategy

Efficient Land Use

Develop Vacant Parcels

Implement General Plan land use Supportive (no GHG

reductions beyond the

General Plan)

T9 Reduce emissions from heavy-duty construction equipment and vehicles

Limit Equipment Idling Alternative Energy/Fuel

Requirements

Reduce emissions from construction

vehicles

Supportive (emissions

from construction

equipment not included

in baseline inventory)

T10 Reduce emissions from lawn and garden equipment

Efficient Equipment

Incentives

Replace City Equipment

Native Landscape

Education

Reduce emissions from lawn and

garden equipment

Supportive (emissions

from lawn equipment

not included in baseline

inventory)

Increase energy efficiency requirements of new buildings to perform better than 2016 Title 24 Standards

Encourage the use of energy conservation devices and passive design concepts that make use of the natural climate to increase energy efficiency and reduce housing costs such as, maximizing the cooling of buildings through tree planting and shading to reduce building electricity demands

Facilitate energy efficient upgrades in existing homes and business

Lead by example through increased municipal energy conservation

Increase citywide use of carbon-neutral energy by encouraging and incentivizing residential and commercial carbon-neutral technologies (e.g., solar, wind, biogas), and continuing to expand PWP’s carbon-free energy portfolio

Energy is used in homes and businesses daily for functions such as lighting, cooking, and temperature control. Energy conservation is defined as any behavior that results in the use of less energy, while energy efficiency is the use of technology that requires less energy to perform the same function. GHG emission reductions can be achieved by changes to both energy demand (e.g., improving energy efficiency and reducing consumption) and energy supply (e.g., switching from a high-carbon to a renewable or zero-carbon technology or fuel).

DRAFT CAP MEASURES

POTENTIAL GHG REDUCTION FROM CAP MEASURES

PUBLIC COMMENTS FROM PREVIOUS MEETING

E 3

COMMENTS CAP MEASURE NUMBERS

Facilitate energy conservation and retrofits E 1, E 2, E 3, E 4, E 5

Encourage carbon-neutral buildings E 1, E3, E4

Establish sub-metering and electric HVAC/water heating E 3, E4

Facilitate energy conservation workshops and outreach to HOAs E 3

Encourage smart meters, solar panels, solar batteries E 3, E4, E 5

ENERGY CONSERVATION

E 2 E 1 E 5 E 4

2009 (Baseline) 2020 2035

956,239 MT CO2e 106,379 MT CO2e

(11% reduction)

198,232 MT CO2e

(21% reduction)

ENERGY CONSERVATION

Draft Measures & Implementation Actions

Performance Objectives GHG Reduction Potential

(MT CO2e)

2020 2035 2020 2035

Increase energy efficiency requirements of new buildings to perform better than 2016 Title 24 Standards E1 Update Green Building

Ordinance

Energy Management Systems

Encourage Energy Efficiency

Energy Outreach

-- Achieve 100% of

new residential units

built between 2020

and 2035 are zero-

net energy (ZNE) (as

mandated by Title

24)

Achieve 25% of new

commercial units

built between 2020 &

2035 are ZNE

(exceeds Title 24)

-- 6,784

Encourage the use of energy conservation devices and passive design concepts that make use of the natural E2 climate to increase energy efficiency and reduce housing costs such as maximize the cooling of buildings through

tree planting and shading to reduce building electricity demands

Solar Design

Natural Lighting

Building Shading

Encourage passive design concepts Supportive

(quantified under E 1)

Facilitate energy efficient upgrades in existing homes and businesses E3 Energy Campaigns

Smart Appliances

Incentive Programs

Provide Resources

Benchmark Use

Promote Audits

Efficiency Financing

New Customer Audits

Energy Efficient Giveaways

Highlight Success Stories

Reduce energy

use in existing

buildings by 16%

(below 2013 levels)

Reduce energy

use in existing

buildings by 40%

(below 2013 levels)

103,629 162,720

Lead by example through increased municipal energy conservation E4 City Energy Audits

Municipal Upgrades

Energy-Saving Software

Plug-Load Management

Reduce municipal

energy use by 10%

(below 2013 levels)

Reduce municipal

energy use by 50%

(below 2013 levels)

2,406 14,193

Increase city-wide use of carbon-neutral energy by encouraging and incentivizing residential and commercial E5 carbon-neutral technologies (e.g., solar, wind, biogas) and continuing to expand PWP’s carbon-neutral energy

portfolio

Pasadena Solar Initiative

Solar-Ready Buildings

On-Site Carbon-Neutral Requirement

Solar Power Shade Structures

Eliminate Coal-Based Energy

Model a 100% Carbon Neutral Portfolio

Replace 950,000

kWh of electricity

with carbon-

neutral energy

Replace 95,000,000

kWh of electricity

with carbon-

neutral energy

344 14,535

Types of Energy Sources

Renewable energy refers to resources that are replenished in a relatively short period of time. Renewable energy sources include hydropower, wood biomass (used to generate heat and electricity), alternative biomass fuels (such as ethanol and biodiesel), waste, geothermal, wind, and solar (IER). Renewable energy plays an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. When renewable energy sources are used, the demand for fossil fuels is reduced. Unlike fossil fuels, non-biomass renewable sources of energy (hydropower, geothermal, wind, and solar) do not directly emit greenhouse gases (EIA).

Renewable Energy

Green Power

The CAP’s overall goal is to reduce GHG emissions to meet State targets. One of the strategies includes reducing GHG emissions by changing energy supply. The CAP’s long-term goal is to achieve 100% carbon-neutral power including 50% renewables.

Fossil fuels are a conventional , non-renewable forms of energy that are formed in the earth from plant or animal remains and include coal, oil, and natural gas. Fossil fuels are the primary source of human-generated greenhouse gas emissions (U.S. EPA).

Fossil Fuels

Pasadena’s CAP & Energy Goals

Green power is a subset of renewable energy and represents those renewable energy resources and technologies that provide the highest environmental benefit. EPA defines green power as electricity produced from solar, wind, geothermal, biogas, eligible biomass, and low-impact small hydroelectric sources. Customers often buy green power for its zero emissions profile and carbon footprint reduction benefits (US EPA).

*Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) Eligibility. Available at: http://www.energy.ca.gov/2015publications/CEC-300-2015-001/CEC-300-2015-001-ED8-CMF.pdf U.S. Department of Energy. Available at: https://energy.gov/eere/water/how-hydropower-works Institute for Energy Research (IER). Renewable Energy. Available at: http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/topics/encyclopedia/renewable-energy/ U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). Renewable Energy Explained. Available at: http://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/?page=renewable_home U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). Green Power Partnership: What is Green Power? Available at: https://www.epa.gov/greenpower/what-green-power U.S. EPA. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data

Sources

Carbon-Neutral Power Carbon-neutral power is generated through processes that do not directly produce greenhouse gas emissions. For example, large hydropower plants generate electricity by capturing the energy of falling water. Generally, a turbine converts the kinetic energy of the falling water into mechanical energy and a generator converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy, which is then fed into the electrical grid (U.S. Department of Energy).

Conserving water reduces energy usage and in turn reduces the production of GHGs emitted through the consumption of fossil fuels used to create energy. Water conservation includes reducing water use, incorporating recycled water, and improving water quality.

DRAFT CAP MEASURES

POTENTIAL GHG REDUCTION FROM CAP MEASURES

PUBLIC COMMENTS FROM PREVIOUS MEETING

COMMENTS CAP MEASURE NUMBERS

Establish drought tolerant landscaping and demonstration gardens WC 1

Encourage household retrofits, rebate programs, laundry to landscape WC 1, WC 2

Investigate recycled water for large users WC 2

Encourage rainwater harvesting , bioswales/dry ponds, permeable surfaces WC 2, WC 3

Use cut curbs where available WC 3

WATER CONSERVATION

Reduce potable water usage throughout the city

Increase community access to and use of recycled water

Improve storm water capture to slow, sink, and treat water run-off, recharge groundwater, and improve water quality

WC 3 WC 2 WC 1

2009 (Baseline) 2020 2035

18,762 MT CO2e 3,753 MT CO2e

(20% reduction)

5,552 MT CO2e

(30% reduction)

WATER CONSERVATION

Draft Measures & Implementation Actions Performance Objectives

GHG Reduction

Potential

(MT CO2e)

2020 2035 2020 2035

Reduce potable water usage throughout the city WC1 Urban Water Management Plan

Retrofits and Rainwater Harvesting

Drought tolerant landscaping

Landscape Ordinance

School Conservation

Water Efficiency Outreach

Water Efficiency Survey

Reduce water

consumption by

15% (below 2013

levels)

Reduce water

consumption by

40% (below 2013

levels)

3,753

4,191

Increase community access to and use of recycled water WC2 Non-Potable Water Project (NPWP)

Evaluate NPWP

NPWP Outreach

Community Greywater Assistance

Dual Plumbing Requirements

Achieve 2% of

water supply from

recycled water

Achieve 10% of

water supply from

recycled water

573

1,361

Improve storm water capture to slow, sink, and treat water run-off, recharge groundwater, and WC3 improve water quality

Replace Impervious Surfaces

Increase Storm Water Capacity

Project Funding and Prioritization

Restore Arroyo Seco

Storm Water Management Development

Standards

Increase storm water capture Supportive

(does not directly

result in GHG

emissions reductions)

Continue to reduce solid waste and landfill emissions through continued implementation of the City’s Zero Waste Strategic Plan

Establish a “Preferred Procurement Plan” for sustainable, strategic sourcing for all City departments and facilities

Create an internal reuse program for all City departments to recirculate unwanted but gently used goods, furniture, and office supplies rather than discarding the items as waste or recycling

Implement a city-wide composting program to limit the total amount of organic material entering landfills

Reduce the greenhouse gas impacts of the waste collection system

Implement 3-bin compost systems in addition to recycling bins and landfill bins at all public parks to compost all trimmings and waste onsite to divert organic materials from the landfill, increase locally available compost, and educate the public about composting

These measures focus on reducing GHG emissions associated with landfilling, collection, and transportation of waste as well as the methane generation from the decomposition of solid waste sent to landfill and combustion facilities. Waste reduction includes material recovery, recycling, reuse, composting, and other initiatives related to material resource conservation. Measures WR 2, WR 3, WR 5 and WR 6 are considered supportive measures as these measures help achieve the larger waste reduction goals and associated GHG reductions quantified under WR 1 and WR 4.

DRAFT CAP MEASURES

POTENTIAL GHG REDUCTION FROM CAP MEASURES

PUBLIC COMMENTS FROM PREVIOUS MEETING

WR 3

COMMENTS CAP MEASURE NUMBERS

Reduce waste WR 1, WR 2, WR 3, WR 4, WR 5

Reduce food packaging; encourage edible food waste recycling WR 1, WR 4

Encourage outreach and education WR 1, WR 4, WR 5

Install composting bins at public facilities and composting workshops WR 4, WR 5

Provide mulch for the community and City landscaping WR 4, WR 5

WASTE REDUCTION

WR 2 WR 1 WR 6 WR 5 WR 4

2009 (Baseline) 2020 2035

15,019 MT CO2e 494 MT CO2e

(3% reduction)

3,677 MT CO2e

(25% reduction)

WASTE REDUCTION

Draft Measures & Implementation Actions Performance Objectives

GHG Reduction

Potential

(MT CO2e)

2020 2035 2020 2035

Continue to reduce solid waste and landfill emissions through continued implementation of the City’s Zero Waste WR1 Strategic Plan

Zero Waste Strategic Plan

Annual Zero Waste Progress

Multi-use Food Containers

Zero Waste Outreach

Municipal Waste Diversion

Achieve 75%

diversion rate

Achieve 87%

diversion rate

263 2,646

Establish a “Preferred Procurement Plan” for sustainable, strategic sourcing for all City departments and facilities WR2 Recycled or Refillable Supplies

Bulk Ordering

Purchasing Policy

Establish a Municipal Preferred

Procurement Plan

Supportive

(quantified under

WR 1)

Create an internal program for all City departments to recirculate unwanted but gently used goods, furniture, WR3 and office supplies rather than discarding the items as waste or recycling

“Free” Database

Office Clean Outs

Create a Municipal Reuse Program Supportive

(quantified under

WR 1)

Implement a citywide composting program to limit the total amount of organic material entering landfills WR4 Food Waste Recycling

Community Outreach

Backyard Compost

Compost Education

Composting Facilities

Compost Resources

Redistribute Mulch/Compost

Compost/Mulch Program

Achieve 12%

organic waste

diversion

Achieve 20%

organic waste

diversion

231 1,031

Implement 3-bin compost systems in addition to recycling bins and landfill bins at all public parks to compost all WR5 trimmings and waste onsite to divert organic materials from the landfill, increase locally available compost, and

educate the public about composting

Park Amenities Matrix

Compost Systems

Compost Signs

Compost Workshops

City to Home Compost

Implement 3-bin waste system Supportive

(quantified under

WR 4)

Reduce the greenhouse gas impacts of the waste collection system WR6 Waste Collection Carbon Footprint Study

Electrify Waste Haul Fleet

Reduce waste collection carbon

footprint

Supportive

(quantified under T 6)

Continue to preserve, enhance, and acquire additional greenspace throughout the city to improve carbon sequestration, reduce the urban heat-island effect, and increase opportunities for active recreation

Continue to protect existing and plant new trees to improve and ensure viability of the city’s urban forest

Urban greening is an integrated approach to the planting, care, and management of all vegetation in Pasadena including both developed natural areas such as street trees, landscaping, parks, and un-developed natural areas and open space. Trees and other green space reduce GHG emissions by absorbing and capturing the GHG, carbon dioxide, from the atmosphere, also known as a process called carbon sequestration.

Carbon dioxide sequestration is a process where CO2 is removed from the atmosphere and stored. According to the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, terrestrial sequestration utilizes natural processes in ecosystems to absorb CO2 from the atmosphere and store it in plants, animals, and soil. Forests store large amounts of carbon. In the US, forests make up 90% of the US carbon sink and sequester approximately 10% of US CO2 emissions (Forest Service 2017). There are four places where carbon can be stored:

• Aboveground – leaves, stems, and other plant parts • Long-lived products – wood and other products that come from trees • Soil – rotting leaves, debris, and soil organisms • Inorganic carbon in soils and rock

DRAFT CAP MEASURES

CARBON SEQUESTRATION

PUBLIC COMMENTS FROM PREVIOUS MEETING

COMMENTS CAP MEASURE NUMBERS

Establish community gardens UG 1

Encourage native landscaping UG 1

Plant shade trees UG 2

Plant public park trees UG 2

Utilize fruit trees when possible UG 2

URBAN GREENING

UG 2 UG 1

URBAN GREENING

Draft Measures & Implementation Actions Performance Objectives

GHG Reduction

Potential

(MT CO2e)

2020 2035 2020 2035

Continue to preserve, enhance and acquire additional greenspace throughout the city to improve carbon UR1 sequestration, reduce the urban heat-island effect, and increase opportunities for active recreation

Accessible Open Space

Additional Greenspace

Convert to Greenspace

Plant 5 new acres

of greenspace

Plant 30 new acres

of greenspace

22 30

Continue to protect existing and plant new trees to improve and ensure viability of the city’s urban forest UR2 Sidewalk Trees

Tree Health Assessment Program

Encourage Private Tree Planting

Plant 500 new trees Plant 2,000 new

trees

18 71