Greenhouse Gas Emissions · 2015. 1. 20. · Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions/ Impacts of Greenhouse...
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Transcript of Greenhouse Gas Emissions · 2015. 1. 20. · Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions/ Impacts of Greenhouse...
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Presented to the Transportation and Environment Committee
June 11, 2012
Presentation Overview
Background on Greenhouse Gases U.S. Conference of Mayor’s Climate Change Agreement Results of 2010 Greenhouse Gas Inventory: Emissions from City Operations Results of 2010 Greenhouse Gas Inventory: Emissions from Community Sources
New City Greenhouse Gas Reduction Target Current City of Dallas Initiatives for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Future City Initiatives to Lower Community-Wide Emissions
Next Steps
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Greenhouse Gases
Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere are called greenhouse gases
Principal greenhouse gases include:
Carbon Dioxide – represents more than 80% of total greenhouse gas emissions
Methane Nitrous Oxide Fluorinated Gases
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Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions/ Impacts of Greenhouse Gases
Levels of global greenhouse gases are increasing rapidly in the atmosphere: Global emissions increased 5.9% in 2010 compared to 2009;
largest increase in emissions in any year since Industrial Revolution Combustion of coal made up more than half of growth in emissions Source: New York Times and Global Carbon Project
Greenhouse gas effects on the environment: Contributes to an increase in average temperature of the earth
Rising temperatures may cause changes in weather, sea levels, and land use patterns
Source: Department of Energy
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Kyoto Protocol
International agreement signed by more than 150 nations in December 1997 that sets binding targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions
U.S. did not ratify the agreement because of the
objection to difference of goals set for developed and developing countries
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U.S. Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program Environmental Protection Agency:
October 2009: Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases Reporting Rule Requires annual reporting of greenhouse gas data from large sources and
suppliers (defined as facilities emitting 25,000 tons or more of carbon dioxide per year)
2010: First year of required reporting of greenhouse gas data
Data reported from 9 industry groups and over 6,700 facilities Power plants were the largest emitters (2,324 million metric tons of carbon
dioxide equivalent (mmtCO2e), followed by petroleum refineries (183 mmtCO2e)
Texas has 673 facilities reporting to EPA, more than any other State; followed by CA with 456 facilities Luminant Martin Lake emits 14.7 mmtCO2e and is the 4th largest emitter of
greenhouse gases in the country Source: Environmental Protection Agency and National Public Radio
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Texas and Greenhouse Gases
Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Texas are the highest in the nation 2009 Data from Energy Information Association:
Texas’s greenhouse gas emissions = 606 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (mmtCO2e) followed by California’s 376 mmtCO2e
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Source: Energy Information Association
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Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Texas by Sector
Residential1.92%
Commerical1.84%
Industrial 28.90%
Transportation31.28%
Electric Power 36.04%
U.S. Conference of Mayor’s Climate Change Agreement
2006: Mayor of Dallas signed the U.S. Conference of Mayors Climate Protection Agreement Commitment by mayors around the country to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
to 7% below 1990 levels by the year 2012.
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Meeting the U.S. Conference of Mayor’s Climate Change Agreement
2005 Baseline Inventory Greenhouse Gas of City and Community-Wide Sources: First year City had comprehensive data for analysis Projected back to 1990 levels Showed City was on track to meet the agreement for City sources
2010 Baseline Greenhouse Gas of City and Community-Wide
Sources: 2nd inventory conducted City surpasses goal of Mayor’s Climate Change Agreement:
33% decrease in total City greenhouse gas emissions in 2010 when compared to 1990
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City vs. Community Wide Emissions City:
Emissions from City Operations Calculations From:
Electricity Usage (City Buildings, Water Utilities, and Street Lights) Natural Gas (Heating of City Buildings) Mobile Sources (Fleet and Equipment)
Community: Community-Wide Emission Sources within Dallas City Limits Calculations From:
Electricity Usage (Residential and Commercial) Natural Gas (Consumption from Residential, Commercial, and Industrial) Fuel Oils Transportation (Vehicles Miles Traveled, Fuel, and Speed) DART (Public Transit Data) Solid Waste (Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Landfill)
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Results of 2010 Greenhouse Gas Inventory: Emissions from City Operations
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City Operations:2010 GHG Emissions
Source Metric Tons/Year
Electricity - Public Facilities 116,370
Electricity - Water Utilities 136,418
Electricity - Street Lights 29,891
Natural Gas* 14,888
Mobile Sources ** 104,993
City Operations Total 402,560
*Used for Heating of City Facilities
** Includes fleet and equipment
Results of 2010 Greenhouse Gas Inventory: Emissions from Community Sources
Page 13 *Heating **Based on Vehicle Miles Traveled
***From Methane and CO2 Emissions
Community-Wide Emissions: 2010 GHG Emissions Source Metric Tons/Year Electricity 10,714,678 Natural Gas 1,961,833 Fuel Oils 181,092 Transportation 3,939,248 DART - Public Transit 99,579 Solid Waste 332,957 Community-Wide Total 17,229,388
Comparison of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from City Operations: 2005 and 2010
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Electricity - Public
Facilities
Electricity - Water Utilities
Electricity - Street Lights
Natural Gas
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City Operations: GHG Emissions 2005 (Metric Tons/Year) City Operations: GHG Emissions 2010 (Metric Tons/Year)
656,815
402,560
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2005 City Operations Total GHG Emissions
2010 City Operations Total GHG Emissions
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2005 City Operations Total GHG Emissions
2010 City Operations Total GHG Emissions
*Natural Gas: Heating
Comparison of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from City Operations: 2005
and 2010 39% decrease in total City greenhouse gas
emissions in 2010 when compared to 2005 Emissions from electricity consumption are
significantly lower in 2010 when compared to 2005 Decrease is result of City’s 40% renewable
energy purchase Page 15
Comparison of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Community Operations: 2005 and 2010
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Community Wide Emissions: GHG Emissions 2005Community Wide Emissions: GHG Emissions 2010
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Community Wide Emissions: GHG Emissions 2005
Community Wide Emissions: GHG Emissions 2010
*Natural Gas: Heating
Comparison of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Community: 2005 and
2010
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Community Wide Total
Community Wide Emissions: GHG Emissions 2005 (metric tons/year)
Community Wide Emissions: GHG Emissions 2010 (metric tons/year)
17, 229, 38818, 450, 736
Comparison of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Community Operations: 2005 and 2010
7% decrease in total community greenhouse gas emissions is due in part to:
11% decrease in greenhouse gas emissions from electricity generation Increased use of renewable energy sources and energy
efficient appliances (e.g. energy star) have helped reduce emissions
3% decrease in greenhouse gas emissions from transportation sector Technological improvements to vehicles (hybrids) and land use
planning have contributed to decrease
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Forecasting Future Emissions
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Projected City and Community Level Emissions with Actual Estimates for Years 1990, 2005 and 2010. Note: Numbers in red font indicate community emissions, and purple font indicates City emissions.
Forecasting Future Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Projected City emissions: Based on expected growth rates such as facility growth projections provided by City Departments
City’s continued investment in renewable energy is key to achieving
lower emission rates in future for City sources City’s future green building policies are included in projections for
Community greenhouse gas levels Increase in Community emissions based on projected population
growth and current levels of Vehicle Miles Traveled
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New City Greenhouse Gas Reduction Target Options
To date, City has achieved a 33% reduction from 1990 levels Options for new goal by 2020:
Maintain the 33% reduction from 1990 levels for City Operations Continue current initiatives - no additional funding
Set a new reduction goal for City emissions at 35% below 1990 levels Take advantage of new energy conservation initiatives as they arise. Currently,
staff is investigating solar panels on City facilities, solar farms, energy efficiency/HVAC retrofits, and LED lighting retrofits. Funding Options: energy bonds, performance contracting and next bond program
Set the reduction goal to be 80% which could be achieved by buying 100% renewable electric energy (Additional Cost: $1.5 million annually)
Examples of Other Cities Goals: Chicago: 25% below 1990 levels by 2020 Los Angeles: 35% below 1990 levels by 2030 New York: 30% below 2005 levels by 2030 Denver: 25% below 1990 by 2020
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Current City of Dallas Initiatives for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Alternative Fuels: 35% of the City’s fleet is running on biodiesel, natural gas, or is a hybrid.
Idling Ordinance: City Ordinance prohibiting vehicles with a gross weight over 14,000 pounds to idle for more than 5 minutes.
Renewable Energy: 40% of the City’s power comes from renewable energy, primarily wind power. City is among top purchasers for green energy on EPA’s “Top 20 Local Government Partner List”; should continue to purchase at this rate in order to meet greenhouse gas reduction goals
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Green Buildings: All City facilities over 10,000 square feet must be designed and built to meet the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) silver standards
Dallas is among the first major cities in the U.S. to adopt a comprehensive
green building standard for all new residential and commercial construction Converting Water Biogas Into Electricity: In January 2011, Dallas Water
Utilities began operating a Cogeneration Facility to burn methane produced during water treatment process for production of electricity. Facility expected to produce 30 million kWh/yr of renewable energy and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by approximately 40,000 tons/yr
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Current City of Dallas Initiatives for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Lighting Retrofits: Since 2007, light bulbs and lamps in City buildings have been replaced with more efficient bulbs.
In FY2010-11, contractors removed older, high voltage lighting in
the City Hall garage and replaced them with energy-efficient LED fixtures. This retrofit will result in a 60% reduction in annual energy consumption and 1.7 million kWh electricity savings.
Managing Disposal and Reducing Waste Programs: Sanitation
services department programs including residential recycling, education, landfill reuse, and gas production and other waste diversion and reduction programs are decreasing the volume of waste added to McCommas Bluff Landfill each year.
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Current City of Dallas Initiatives for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Future City Initiatives to Lower Community-Wide Emissions
Green Building Ordinance: 2nd Phase Adopt International Green Construction Code
Continued investment in land use/transportation policies set out in forwardDallas! Development around DART stations Job creation close to where people live, particularly S. Sector Multimodal transportation
Continue public/private partnerships for installation of more electric vehicle charging stations
Continue to work with North Central Texas Council of Governments and other regional groups on strategies to reduce VMT from vehicles
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Next Steps
Publish 2010 baseline year greenhouse gas inventory for City and Community-wide sources on Green Dallas website
Set new City Greenhouse Gas Reduction Target Develop and implement a Sustainability Plan that includes
inventories, targets, timelines, and mitigation techniques for City-wide and Community-wide operations
Conduct another greenhouse gas inventory for baseline year 2015 by 2016
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Questions?
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