latrobe.edu.au CRICOS Provider 00115M

Green v Gold Open access publishing

Simon HuggardDigital Infrastructure Manager

International Open Access Week Library Research Forum25 October 2013

2La Trobe University 2

Definitions – Green open accesssherpa.ac.uk/romeoinfo.html

3La Trobe University 3

Definitions – Gold open access – Paid Open Access

sherpa.ac.uk/romeoinfo.html

• Some publishers are now offering … enhanced visibility of the final article through … free-to-view archiving

• Typically involves a substantial additional fee

• In some cases, the option simply consists of making the published version freely available from the publisher's own server, without any other rights or permissions being granted. In others, material is still placed under an embargo

• Neither of these facilities can be counted as real "open access"

4La Trobe University 4

Publisher definitions – Wiley1

• Self-archiving (Green Open Access): Option of an author self- archiving the Manuscript version after a 12 month

embargo period from publication in a repository

• Pay to publish (Hybrid Open Access): Wiley’s “pay to publish” (OnlineOpen option) - means that an article from a

subscription journal becomes Open Access by a payment of a publication fee (currently $3000 per article)

• Wiley’s Open Access Journals (Gold Open Access): These incur Article Processing Charges for the article to be published. Then freely available online via the Open Access journal

site (along with ALL articles in that journal)olabout.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-406074.html (viewed 17 Oct 2013)

5La Trobe University 5

aoasg.org.au/resources/faq-about-open-access/

• What is Green Open Access? Researchers can deposit a version of their published work into a subject-based repository or an institutional repository. Every university in Australia has a repository for this purpose.

• What is Gold Open Access? Alternatively researchers can publish in an open access journal, where the publisher of a scholarly journal provides free online access. Business models for this form of OA vary. In some cases, the publisher charges the author’s institution or funding body an article processing charge (APC). All Public Library of Science (PLoS) journals use this model.

6La Trobe University 6

Finch report - UK

June 2012, Commissioned by UK Govt (chaired Dame Janet Finch)

• a clear policy direction should be set towards support for publication in open access or hybrid journals, funded by APCs [article processing charges] … as the main vehicle for the publication of research

• proposes spending £60 million a year to make all publicly-funded research free to access

10 Sept 2013 - UK Business, Innovation and Skills Committee:

• Gold open access is a desirable ultimate goal, focusing on it during the transition to a fully open access world is a mistake

• reconsider preference for Gold Open Access during the five year transition period, give due regard to the evidence of the vital role that Green Open Access and repositories have to play as the UK moves towards full OA

• reinstate and strengthen the immediate deposit mandate in its original policy and improve the monitoring and enforcement of mandated deposit

7La Trobe University 7

SCONUL * Sept 2013 Briefing on mandatory OA policies

• Most UK institutions working on raising awareness of OA requirements

• Most have published OA policies

• Of 8 case studies (SCONEL 2013), only 1 pref. Green OA

• Many actively promoting the green route in line with RCUK policy.

• Library or IT hold the Gold OA funds

• Funds allocated on a first come-first served basis • The Society of College, National and University Libraries (SCONUL) represents all university libraries in the UK

and Ireland. sconul.ac.uk/page/briefing-on-mandatory-openaccesspolicies

•

8La Trobe University 8

Europe & US

• European Commission: Horizon 2020 research funding programmes: both the Green and Gold models are considered valid approaches to achieve open access

• Supports the shift of payment from subscribers to authors (Gold Open Access).

• Respects the rights of publishers to place embargoes on self-archiving in repositories

• US Government: Feb 2013 memorandum from the U.S. Government's Office of Science and Technology Policy requiring public access to federally funded data.

• Federal agencies with more than $100M in R&D expenditures [must] develop plans to make … federally funded research freely available to the public within one year of publication.

(2013) Fuchs, C and Sandoval , M. The Diamond Model of Open Access Publishing: Why Policy Makers, Scholars, Universities, Libraries, Labour Unions and the Publishing World Need to Take Non-Commercial, Non-Profit Open Access Serious tripleC 13(2): 428-443

9La Trobe University

Australia - Recent Mandates

• NHMRC revised policy on dissemination of research findings

NHMRC requires that any publications arising from an NHMRC supported research project must be deposited into an open access institutional repository within a twelve month period from the date of publication. [2012]

• nhmrc.gov.au/grants/policy/dissemination-research-findings

• ARC open access policy

• The overarching aim of ARC’s Policy is to ensure that findings of publicly funded research are made available to the wider public as soon as possible. Both the research community and public gain from knowledge derived from ARC funded research, and both wish to derive maximum benefit from these outputs [2013] arc.gov.au/applicants/open_access.htm

10La Trobe University 10

AustraliaWarwick Anderson, CEO, NHMRC – 18 Sep 2013:

• National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) mandate that all publications from research we’ve funded be openly accessible. We and … the Australian Research Council, are flexible on how it’s done, as long as the paper is made available.

• Researchers may opt for Green self archiving … or Gold

• The Open Access movement is having a significant impact on how we measure the impact of scientific research

• The NHMRC moved away from using journal impact factors in 2008

• Focusing more on the quality of a few papers, rather than just counting the total number of publications and being overly influenced by the reputation of the journal, can help ameliorate the publish-more-and-more syndrome

Anderson, W. (18 Sep 2013). Quality not quantity: measuring the impact of published research . The Conversation

11La Trobe University 11

Issues

• Do authors retain copyright over their published material?

• How many author manuscript versions are in our repository?

• How do we compare nationally?

• What works elsewhere?

• How serious are we about providing open access publications?

• Is there a positive correlation between open access and citations?

12La Trobe University

Empirical evidence• Many articles state that downloads are higher for OA articles than in

subscription databases

• More downloads = more readers? More readers = more citations?

• Moed, H. (2012). Behind the data. Research Trends, Issue 28. Accessed 25 Oct 2013: http://www.researchtrends.com/category/issue28-may-2012/

• Gargouri, Y, Harnad, S. et al. (2010). Self-selected or mandated, open access increases citation impact for higher quality research. PLoS ONE, 5(10). Accessed 24 Oct 2013. http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0013636

• David, P., et al. (2008). Open access publishing, article downloads and citations.. BMJ, 337.

• Swan, A. (2010) The Open Access citation advantage: Studies and results to date. ECS EPrints, 17 Feb 2010, 343-345.

13La Trobe University

14La Trobe University

Ithaka S+R | Jisc | RLUK UK Survey of Academics 2012

UK wide survey of academics spotlights researchers' reliance on Open Access:

• A major survey of UK Academics released on 29 May 2013 examined the attitudes of researchers and practitioners working within higher education. It shed light on behaviours, reliance on digital technologies, the Internet and Open Access.

• The survey, funded by JISC and RLUK received 3,498 responses. Overarching themes included: increasing reliance on the Internet for research and publishing and the strong role that openness is playing in their work. Key findings include: access limitations, use of open resources, following one's peers and emergence of e-publications

jisc.ac.uk/news/stories/2013/05/jisc-rluk-ithaka-survey.aspx

15La Trobe University

Empirical evidence

16La Trobe University 16

Green Open Access in La Trobe’s Research Repository(Research Online)

• Authors can upload their manuscript version (or email)

• The Repository staff will:

• Check copyright

• Check publisher permissions (for La Trobe)

• Link to the published version

• Make any alternate versions available (if you have provided them)

• Self-deposit form: latrobe.edu.au/researchonline• repository@latrobe.edu.au